Fiber corn-based animal feed containing GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase

文档序号：410970 发布日期：2021-12-17 浏览：43次中文

阅读说明：本技术 含有gh30葡糖醛酸木聚糖水解酶的基于纤维玉米的动物饲料 (Fiber corn-based animal feed containing GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase ) 是由 E·A·德拉帕 J·拉文 N·R·彼泽森于 2020-03-05 设计创作，主要内容包括：描述了通过施用富含GH30葡糖醛酸木聚糖水解酶的基于玉米的动物饲料来增加所述动物的原位盲肠丁酸盐水平以改善单胃动物的肠道健康。此外还观察到所述动物饲料的饲料转化率的改善。(It is described to increase in situ cecal butyrate levels in monogastric animals by administering a corn-based animal feed enriched with GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase to improve gut health in the animals. Furthermore, an improvement in the feed conversion ratio of the animal feed was observed.)

1. A method of increasing feed conversion ratio of an animal feed comprising corn and adding GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase to the animal feed.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the corn is fiber corn.

3. The method of any one of claims 1 and 2, wherein the feed further comprises corn DDGS.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the animal is a monogastric animal, preferably poultry and swine.

5. A method for the in situ production of prebiotics in a corn-based animal feed comprising the use of GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase added to the feed.

6. A method of reducing insoluble corn fraction in a corn-based animal feed comprising adding a GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase.

7. A method of improving gut health in a monogastric animal comprising administering to the animal an enzyme-enriched corn-based animal feed, wherein the animal feed comprises the enzyme GH30 glucuronoxylomohydrolase.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase degrades non-starch polysaccharides of the corn to produce prebiotic oligomers and polymers, prebiotic oligomers, and polymers comprising arabinoxylan oligosaccharides.

9. A method for the in situ production of prebiotics in a monogastric animal comprising administering to the animal an enzyme-enriched corn-based animal feed, wherein the animal feed comprises the enzyme GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase.

10. A method of improving gut health in a monogastric animal, the method comprising increasing in situ levels of cecal butyrate levels in the animal the method comprising administering to the animal an enzyme-enriched corn-based animal feed, wherein the animal feed comprises the enzyme GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase.

11. A method of improving gut health in a monogastric animal, the method comprising altering the microbiota composition of the animal by administering to the animal an enzyme-enriched corn-based animal feed, wherein the animal feed comprises the enzyme GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase.

12. A method of eliciting a butyrate producing effect in a monogastric animal comprising administering to said animal an enzyme-enriched corn-based animal feed, wherein said animal feed comprises the enzyme GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase.

13. The method of any one of claims 1-12, wherein the GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase is derived from bacillus subtilis.

14. An enzyme-enriched animal feed comprising a GH30 glucuronoxylomaccase and corn, wherein the feed comprises corn in an amount of 100 to 1000g/kg feed and GH30 glucuronoxylomaccase in an amount of 2 to 100ppm/kg feed.

Use of GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase in the preparation of an enzyme-enriched animal feed, wherein the animal feed is a corn-based animal feed.

16. The enzyme-enriched animal feed of claim 14, the use of claim 15 or the method of any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the GH30 glucuronoxylomohydrolase (EC3.2.1.136) is GH30 — 8 glucuronoxylomohydrolase.

17. The enzyme-enriched animal feed of claim 14, the use of claim 15, or the method of any of claims 1 to 13, wherein the GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase is a polypeptide having a xylanase activity selected from the group consisting of:

a. a polypeptide having at least 80% sequence identity, such as at least 85% sequence identity, such as at least 90% sequence identity, such as at least 95% sequence identity, such as at least 98% sequence identity, such as at least 99% sequence identity, to SEQ ID NO. 1;

b. a polypeptide having at least 80% sequence identity, such as at least 85% sequence identity, such as at least 90% sequence identity, such as at least 95% sequence identity, such as at least 98% sequence identity, such as at least 99% sequence identity, to SEQ ID No. 2; and

c. a polypeptide having at least 80% sequence identity, such as at least 85% sequence identity, such as at least 90% sequence identity, such as at least 95% sequence identity, such as at least 98% sequence identity, such as at least 99% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO. 3.

Technical Field

The present invention relates to improving gut health in animals comprising administering a corn-based animal feed enriched with a GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase and increasing the feed conversion ratio of the animal feed by administering a GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase.

Background

Maintaining a healthy gut is important for broiler production, and together with environmental conditions, diet is a key factor affecting microbiota composition. Broiler diets are primarily composed of grains and vegetable protein sources, which contain varying amounts of fiber, which can be extremely indigestible depending on the plant species.

Plant fibers are composed primarily of polysaccharides other than starch, also known as non-starch polysaccharides (NSP). The major NSP in maize is glucuronic acid-arabinoxylan (GAX), which has a highly recalcitrant, insoluble, and heterogeneous structure). NSP degrades feed enzyme hydrolases and dissolves insoluble xylans to produce prebiotic oligomers, such as arabinoxylan oligosaccharides (AXOS). These soluble low molecular weight AXOS enter the large intestine through the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) for fermentation. The prebiotic AXOS can be produced directly in situ by enzymes, which can increase their fermentability in the hindgut. Some end products of bacterial fermentation are known to improve gut health. In particular, increased butyrate formation may indicate better health of the gut, as butyrate is a well-known gut health promoting molecule with anti-inflammatory properties.

The exact mode of action in the GIT is not fully understood for many NSP degrading enzymes. Thus, the inventors investigated the effect of supplementing exogenous glucuronoxylomanlase from the GH30 family targeting corn GAX to corn fiber fermented with a microbial inoculum from broiler ceca.

Gut flora imbalance (defined as an imbalance between harmful and beneficial bacteria in the gut) has increased in broiler production since feed antimicrobial ban. This leads to an increased incidence of Clostridium perfringens (Clostridium perfringens) associated necrotic enteritis and other intestinal diseases, resulting in a decreased growth capacity of broiler chickens.

Disclosure of Invention

According to the present invention, glucuronic acid xylan hydrolase from glycoside hydrolase family 30(GH30) promotes microbial diversity and butyrate production in cecal broiler fermentation of corn fiber.

Xylanases currently on the market are effective on wheat-based diets and not on corn-based diets. However, corn is the preferred cereal source in monogastric diets (monogastic diets). The ability of glucuronic acid xylan hydrolases from the GH30 family to solubilize corn arabinoxylans to produce oligomers that can be used to produce short chain fatty acids by the gut microbiota is an important aspect of the present invention, and the increased growth capacity and gut parameters resulting from the enhanced corn-based diet of glucuronic acid xylan hydrolases from the GH30 family is another aspect of the present invention.

One objective of the present disclosure is to demonstrate the benefits of supplementing the corn/soybean/DDGS diet with an exogenous single component glucuronoxylomanlase targeted to corn GAX on broiler growth capacity and gut health. Another objective was to demonstrate the effect of produced maize AXOS on butyrate production and broiler microbiota composition.

One aspect of the invention relates to a method for increasing the feed conversion ratio of an animal feed comprising corn and adding GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase to the animal feed. A related aspect relates to a method of increasing the conversion ratio of monogastric animal feed comprising using GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase in corn-based animal feed. Another related aspect relates to the use of GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase in the preparation of an enzyme-enriched animal feed, wherein the animal feed is a corn-based animal feed.

Another aspect relates to an enzyme-enriched animal feed comprising a GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase and corn, wherein the feed comprises corn in an amount of 100 to 1000g/kg feed and GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase in an amount of 2 to 100ppm/kg feed.

Another aspect of the invention relates to a method for the in situ production of prebiotics in a corn-based animal feed comprising the use of GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase added to the feed. Similarly, another aspect relates to methods of improving gut health in monogastric animals by in situ production of arabinoxylan oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. Alternatively, aspects of the invention may be expressed as a method of producing prebiotics in situ in a monogastric animal comprising administering to the animal an enzyme-enriched corn-based animal feed, wherein the animal feed comprises the enzyme GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase.

The invention further relates to a method for reducing the insoluble corn fraction in a corn-based animal feed comprising the addition of a GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase.

An interesting aspect of the present invention is a method for improving gut health in monogastric animals comprising administering to said animals an enzyme-enriched corn-based animal feed, wherein said animal feed comprises the enzyme GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase.

Another aspect of the invention relates to a method of improving intestinal health in a monogastric animal, said method comprising increasing cecal butyrate levels in situ in said animal, said method comprising administering to said animal an enzyme-enriched corn-based animal feed, wherein said animal feed comprises the enzyme GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase. Similarly stated, the present invention relates to a method of improving gut health in a monogastric animal, said method comprising altering the microbiota composition of said animal by administering to said animal an enzyme-enriched corn-based animal feed, wherein said animal feed comprises the enzyme GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase. A related aspect relates to a method of improving gut health in a monogastric animal comprising administering to the animal an enzyme-enriched corn-based animal feed, wherein the animal feed comprises the enzyme GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase.

A related aspect of the invention relates to a method of causing a butyrate producing effect in a monogastric animal comprising administering to said animal an enzyme-enriched corn-based animal feed, wherein said animal feed comprises the enzyme GH30 glucuronoxylomohydrolase.

Drawings

Figure 1 shows size exclusion chromatography of enzymatic digestion of corn fiber using a Superdex 75 column. Pool (pool) I consisted of fractions 22-30(10-30kD), pool II consisted of fractions 31-39(4-10kD), pool III consisted of fractions 40-53(1-4kD), pool IV consisted of fractions 55-59 (100-. The black line indicates the RI-index and the grey line indicates the UV-index.

Figure 2 shows an alpha (Shannon) diversity boxplot of the control sample and the sample treated with GH 30.

Fig. 3 shows PCA visualization of beta diversity for 4 treatment types. The Unifrac distance is used as the distance.

Fig. 4 shows a heat map visualization of hierarchical clustering of the top 10 most abundant species. Color coding from blue to red indicates the relative abundance of logarithmic conversion.

FIG. 5 shows the abundance of Bacteroides species OTU3(xylanisolvens) and OTU5 (dorei/vulgatus).

Fig. 6 shows a heat map visualization of hierarchical clusters of the top 10 most abundant genera. Color coding from blue to red indicates the relative abundance of logarithmic conversion.

FIG. 7 shows the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and faecal bacteria.

Fig. 8 shows PCA visualization of beta diversity of 4 fractions. The Unifrac distance is used as the distance.

Fig. 9 shows a heatmap visualization of hierarchical clustering of the top 20 most abundant species. Color coding from blue to red indicates the relative abundance of logarithmic conversion.

FIG. 10 shows the abundance of Bacteroides species OTU5 (Ruminococcaceae), OTU15 (Lachnospiraceae), OTU10 (faecalis) and OTU3 (Bacteroides).

FIG. 11 shows the ratio between butyryl-CoA: acetate-CoA transferase gene and total bacterial copies in the cecal content of 29 day old chickens (controls) with or without added GH30(GXH) of SEQ ID NO 1. Tukey-Kramer HSD testing was performed to compare the average of all pairings between groups receiving non-supplemented and enzyme-supplemented diets. Each point represents a bird (bird). P values less than 0.05(×) were considered significant.

Sequence of

SEQ ID NO 1 is the mature polypeptide of Bacillus subtilis GH30 xylanase expressed in a Bacillus licheniformis host cell for production

MIPRIKKTICVLLVCFTMLSVMLGPGATEVLAASDVTVNVSAEKQVIRGFGGMNHPAWAGDLTAAQRETAFGNGQNQLGFSILRIHVDENRNNWYKEVETAKSAVKHGAIVFASPWNPPSDMVETFNRNGDTSAKRLKYNKYAAYAQHLNDFVTFMKNNGVNLYAISVQNEPDYAHEWTWWTPQEILRFMRENAGSINARVIAPESFQYLKNLSDPILNDPQALANMDILGTHLYGTQVSQFPYPLFKQKGAGKDLWMTEVYYPNSDTNSADRWPEALDVSQHIHNAMVEGDFQAYVWWYIRRSYGPMKEDGTISKRGYNMAHFSKFVRPGYVRIDATKNPNANVYVSAYKGDNKVVIVAINKSNTGVNQNFVLQNGSASNVSRWITSSSSNLQPGTNLTVSGNHFWAHLPAQSVTTFVVNR

SEQ ID No. 2 is bacillus subtilis GH30 xylanase and is a variant of SEQ ID NO 1 having the following mutations: H24W/V74L/H76L/I155M/V208L. The counts are after the signal peptide comprising the following sequence.

AASDVTVNVSAEKQVIRGFGGMNWPAWAGDLTAAQRETAFGNGQNQLGFSILRIHVDENRNNWYKEVETAKSALKLGAIVFASPWNPPSDMVETFNRNGDTSAKRLKYNKYAAYAQHLNDFVTFMKNNGVNLYAISVQNEPDYAHEWTWWTPQEMLRFMRENAGSINARVIAPESFQYLKNLSDPILNDPQALANMDILGTHLYGTQLSQFPYPLFKQKGAGKDLWMTEVYYPNSDTNSADRWPEALDVSQHIHNAMVEGDFQAYVWWYIRRSYGPMKEDGTISKRGYNMAHFSKFVRPGYVRIDATKNPNANVYVSAYKGDNKVVIVAINKSNTGVNQNFVLQNGSASNVSRWITSSSSNLQPGTNLTVSGNHFWAHLPAQSVTTFVVNR

SEQ ID NO 3 is a Bacillus subtilis GH30 xylanase comprising the following sequence

AASDATVRLSAEKQVIRGFGGMNHPAWIGDLTAAQRETAFGNGQNQLGFSILRIHVDENRNNWYREVETAKSAIKHGAIVFASPWNPPSDMVETFNRNGDTSAKRLRYDKYAAYAKHLNDFVTFMKNNGVNLYAISVQNEPDYAHDWTWWTPQEILRFMKENAGSINARVIAPESFQYLKNISDPIVNDPKALANMDILGAHLYGTQLNNFAYPLFKQKGAGKDLWMTEVYYPNSDNHSADRWPEALDVSHHIHNSMVEGDFQAYVWWYIRRSYGPMKEDGTISKRGYNMAHFSKFVRPGYVRVDATKSPASNVYVSAYKGDNKVVIVAINKNNSGVNQNFVLQNGSVSQVSRWITSSSSNLQPGTNLNVTDNHFWAHLPAQSVTTFVANLR

SEQ ID NO 4 comprises the following sequence:

ANTDYWQNWTDGGGTVNAVNGSGGNYSVNWSNTGNFVVGKGWTTGSPFRTINYNAGVWAPNGNAYLTLYGWTRSPLIEYYVVDSWGTYRPTGTYKGTVYSDGGTYDVYTTTRYDAPSIDGDKTTFTQYWSVRQSKRPTGSNATITFSNHVNAWKRYGMNLGSNWSYQVLATEGYRSSGSSNVTVW

SEQ ID NO 5 comprises the following sequence:

ASTDYWQNWTDGGGIVNAVNGSGGNYSVNWSNTGNFVVGKGWTTGSPFRTINYNAGVWAPNGNGYLTLYGWTRSPLIEYYVVDSWGTYRPTGTYKGTVKSDGGTYDIYTTTRYNAPSIDGDRTTFTQYWSVRQSKRPTGSNATITFSNHVNAWKSHGMNLGSNWAYQVMATEGYQSSGSSNVTVW

SEQ ID NO 6 is the amino acid sequence of the mature GH30_8 xylanase from Clostridium acetobutylicum (Clostridium acetobutylicum)

SEQ ID NO 7 is the amino acid sequence of the mature GH30_8 xylanase from Pseudomonas tetradentata (Pseudomonas tetraodonis)

SEQ ID NO 8 is the amino acid sequence of the mature GH 30-8 xylanase from Paenibacillus sp-19179

SEQ ID NO 9 is the amino acid sequence of the mature GH 30-8 xylanase of Peobacterium carotovorum subsp.

SEQ ID NO 10 is the amino acid sequence of the mature GH30_8 xylanase of Ruminococcus species CAG: 330.

SEQ ID NO 11 comprises the amino acid sequence of the mature GH30_8 xylanase of Streptomyces sp-62627:

Arg Leu Pro Ala Gln Ser Val Thr Thr Leu Val Thr Gly

SEQ ID NO 12 is the amino acid sequence of the mature GH 30-8 xylanase of Clostridium saccharolyticum:

SEQ ID NO 13 is the amino acid sequence of the mature GH 30-8 xylanase of Paenibacillus panasisoli.

SEQ ID NO 14 is the amino acid sequence of the mature GH30_8 xylanase of the human stool metagenome

SEQ ID NO:15 is the amino acid sequence of the mature GH 30-8 xylanase of Vibrio rhizogenes (Vibrio rhizophilae):

SEQ ID NO 16 is the amino acid sequence of the mature GH30 xylanase from Bacillus subtilis.

SEQ ID NO:17 is the amino acid sequence of the mature GH30 xylanase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens).

SEQ ID NO 18 is the amino acid sequence of the mature GH30 xylanase from Bacillus licheniformis (Bacillus licheniformis).

SEQ ID NO 19 is the amino acid sequence of the mature GH30 xylanase from Bacillus subtilis.

SEQ ID NO 20 is the amino acid sequence of the mature GH30 xylanase from Paenibacillus pabuli.

SEQ ID NO:21 is the amino acid sequence of the mature GH30 xylanase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) HB-26.

Detailed Description

For the first time, GH30 xylanase targeting insoluble and highly substituted corn glucuronic acid arabinoxylans could improve intestinal function in broilers fed a fiber corn-soybean meal diet. Since corn has highly branched arabinoxylans, it is not easily solubilized by xylanase. Intestinal bacteria are not expected to further break down the highly branched oligomers and convert them to volatile fatty acids, which are known to enhance gastrointestinal function.

Animals: the term "animal" refers to all animals except humans. Examples of animals are non-ruminants and ruminants. Ruminants include, for example, animals such as sheep, goats, cattle (e.g., beef, dairy, and calf), deer, yaks, camels, llamas, and kangaroos. Non-ruminant animals include monogastric animals such as pigs (pig) or pigs (swine) (including but not limited to piglets, growing pigs, and sows); poultry, such as turkeys, ducks, and chickens (including but not limited to broiler chickens and layer chickens); horses (including but not limited to hot, cold and warm blooded horses), calves; fish (including but not limited to amber, giant slippery tongue fish, fish, sea bass, blue fish, sebastes (bocachico), Cyprinus carpio, catfish, kamao (cachama), carp, catfish, capelin, galoshes, pongamus albomaculatus, cobia, cod, dolichos, bream, chufa, eels, gobies, flounder, grouper, yellowtail, parfel, silverfish, mudfish, mullet, parpa (paco), marmot (pearl), Pagrub (jery), jejuniper (jemerrey), jewfish, pike, butterfish, salmonster, salmons, salpers (salper), salmons, salsa, salmons, salsa, salmons, salsa, salmons, salsa, Sweet fish (sweet fish), bungarus parvus, trout (terror), tilapia, trout, tuna, turbot, white trout, white fish, and white fish); and crustaceans (including but not limited to shrimp and prawn).

Animal feed: the term "animal feed" refers to any compound, formulation or mixture suitable or intended for ingestion by an animal. Animal feed for monogastric animals typically comprises the concentrate along with vitamins, minerals, enzymes, direct fed microorganisms (direct fed microorganisms), amino acids and/or other feed ingredients (as in a premix), while animal feed for ruminants typically comprises forage (including roughage and silage), and may also comprise the concentrate along with vitamins, minerals, enzymes, direct fed microorganisms, amino acids and/or other feed ingredients (as in a premix).

Weight gain: the term "body weight gain" means the increase in live body weight of an animal over a given period of time, for example, the increased weight from day 1 to day 21.

Composition (A): the term "composition" refers to a composition comprising a carrier and at least one enzyme of the invention. The compositions described herein can be mixed with animal feed and are referred to as "feed/meal feed" (mash).

Effective amount/concentration/dose: the terms "effective amount," "effective concentration," or "effective dose" are defined as the amount, concentration, or dose of an enzyme sufficient to improve digestion or yield in an animal. The actual effective dose in absolute amounts depends on factors including: the health of the animal in question, the presence of other components. The "effective amount", "effective concentration" or "effective dose" of the enzyme can be determined by routine assays known to those skilled in the art.

Feed conversion rate: the term "feed conversion ratio" refers to the amount of feed that is fed to an animal to increase the weight of the animal by a specified amount. Increased feed conversion ratio means lower feed conversion ratio. By "lower feed conversion ratio" or "increased feed conversion ratio" is meant that the use of the feed additive composition in the feed results in a reduction in the amount of feed required to feed the animal to increase its weight by the same amount as compared to the amount of feed required to increase the animal's weight to a specified amount when the feed does not contain the feed additive composition.

Feed efficiency: the term "feed efficiency" means the amount of weight gain per unit of feed when an animal is fed arbitrarily or a specified amount of food over a period of time. By "increased feed efficiency" is meant that the use of the feed additive composition according to the invention in a feed results in an increased weight gain per unit feed intake compared to animals fed the feed in the absence of the feed additive composition.

Nutrient digestibility is as follows: the term "nutrient digestibility" means the portion of nutrients that disappear from the gastrointestinal tract or a designated segment of the gastrointestinal tract (e.g., the small intestine). Nutrient digestibility may be measured as the difference between the nutrition administered to the subject and the nutrition excreted in the subject's stool or the difference between the nutrition administered to the subject and the nutrition in the digest retained on a designated segment of the gastrointestinal tract (e.g., the ileum).

Nutrient digestibility as used herein can be measured by: the difference between the intake of nutrients over a period of time and the excreted nutrients obtained by total collection of the excreta; or using inert markers that are not absorbed by the animal and allow the researcher to calculate the amount of nutrients that disappear throughout the gastrointestinal tract or a segment of the gastrointestinal tract. Such inert markers may be titanium dioxide, chromium oxide, or acid insoluble ash. Digestibility may be expressed as the percentage of nutrition in the feed, or as the mass unit of digestible nutrition/mass unit of nutrition in the feed. Nutrient digestibility as used herein encompasses starch digestibility, fat digestibility, protein digestibility and amino acid digestibility.

Energy digestibility, as used herein, means the total energy of feed consumed minus the total energy of feces, or the total energy of feed consumed minus the total energy of remaining digesta on a specified segment of the animal's gastrointestinal tract (e.g., ileum). Metabolizable energy as used herein refers to the apparent metabolizable energy and means the total energy of feed consumed minus the total energy contained in feces, urine and digested gas products. Energy digestibility and metabolic energy can be measured as the difference between total energy intake and total energy in digesta excreted in feces or present in a designated segment of the gastrointestinal tract, corrected appropriately for nitrogen excretion to calculate the metabolic energy of the feed using the same method as measuring nutrient digestibility.

And (3) pelleting: the terms "pellet" and/or "pelletising" refer to solid round, spherical and/or cylindrical tablets or pellets and to methods of forming such solid shapes, in particular feed pellets and solid extruded animal feed. As used herein, the term "extrusion" or "extruding" is a term well known in the art and refers to the process of forcing a composition as described herein through an orifice under pressure.

Poultry: the term "poultry" refers to poultry that humans raise for the eggs and/or meat and/or feathers that they produce. Poultry includes broiler chickens and layer chickens. Poultry includes the galoanserae order, especially the galliformes order (including chicken, guinea fowl, quail and turkey) and the anatidae order, and in the goose order (Anseriformes), is commonly referred to as "waterfowl" and includes domestic ducks and geese. Poultry also includes other birds, such as young pigeons, which are slaughtered for meat. Examples of poultry include chickens (including layers, broilers and chickens), ducks, geese, pigeons, turkeys and quails.

Coarse material: the term "coarse material" refers to dried plant material containing a significant amount of fiber, such as fiber, bran, hulls of seeds and grains, and crop residues (e.g., stover, coconut, straw, chaff, beet waste).

Ruminant animals: the term "ruminant" refers to a mammal that digests vegetal food (primarily through bacterial action) by initially fermenting/degrading in the first compartment of the animal's stomach, then ruminates (regrgiting) the semi-digested material, now called ruminants (cud), and chews again. The process of re-chewing the ruminants to further break down the plant matter and stimulate digestion is called "rumination". Examples of ruminants are cattle, cows, beef cattle, calves, goats, sheep, lambs, deer, mammoths, camels and llamas.

SCFA: the term "SCFA" is an abbreviation for short chain fatty acids. SCFA are fatty acids of less than six carbon atoms derived from intestinal microbial fermentation of indigestible foods, are a major energy source for colonic cells and are critical for gastrointestinal health. In the present invention, SCFA may be selected from formate, acetate, propionate, butyrate, isobutyrate, valerate, and isovalerate.

A pig: the term "pig" or "pig" refers to a pig raised for food (e.g., their meat) by humans. Pigs include members of the genus porcine (Sus), such as wild or domestic pigs, and include piglets, growing pigs and sows.

For The purposes of The present invention, The sequence identity between two amino acid sequences is determined using The Needleman-Wunsch algorithm (Needleman and Wunsch,1970, J.Mol.biol.48: 443. sup. 453) implemented in The Needle program of The EMBOSS package (e.g., version 5.0.0 or higher) (EMBOSS: The European Molecular Biology Open Software Suite, Rice et al, 2000, Trends Genet.16: 276. sup. 277). The parameters used are gap open penalty of 10, gap extension penalty of 0.5, and EBLOSUM62 (EMBOSS version of BLOSUM 62) replacement matrix (subscription matrix). The output of Needle labeled "longest identity" (obtained using the-nobrief option) is used as the percent identity, which is calculated as follows:

(same residue x 100)/(aligned Length-total number of gaps in alignment)

For The purposes of The present invention, The sequence identity between two deoxyribonucleotide sequences is determined using The Needleman-Wunsch algorithm (Needleman and Wunsch,1970, supra) implemented in The Needle program of The EMBOSS package (e.g., version 5.0.0 or higher) (EMBOSS: The European Molecular Biology Open Software Suite, Rice et al, 2000, supra). The parameters used are a gap open penalty (gap open penalty) of 10, a gap extension penalty of 0.5, and an EDNAFULL (EMBOSS version of NCBI NUC 4.4) replacement matrix (subscription matrix). The output of Needle labeled "longest identity" (obtained using the-nobrief option) is used as the percent identity, which is calculated as follows:

(same deoxyribonucleotide x 100)/(length of alignment-total number of gaps in alignment)

Glucuronohydrolase

One aspect of the invention relates to a method of increasing the feed conversion ratio of an animal feed comprising corn, comprising adding to the animal feed a GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase. Another aspect relates to a method of in situ production of prebiotics in a corn-based animal feed comprising the use of GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase added to the feed. The present invention further relates to a method for improving the intestinal health of a monogastric animal comprising administering to said animal an enzyme-enriched corn-based animal feed, wherein said animal feed comprises the enzyme GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase. An essential feature of the invention is the use of a GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase in the method of the invention. The method, feed or use of the invention is typically wherein the GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase (EC3.2.1.136) is a GH30 — 8 glucuronoxylomanlase.

The term "GH 30 glucuronoxylomanlyse" refers to a glucuronoxylomannan endo-1, 4-beta-xylanase (e.c.3.2.1.136) which catalyzes the endo-hydrolysis of 1, 4-beta-D-xylan bonds in some glucuronoxylomannan.

The term "wild-type" glucuronoxylomanlase refers to a glucuronoxylomanlase expressed by a naturally occurring microorganism, such as a bacterium, yeast or filamentous fungus found in nature.

SEQ ID NO 1 is a "wild-type" glucuronoxylomanlase and is defined in WO03106654 by SEQ ID NO: 190. Nine amino acid mutations at single positions at positions D8F, QIIH, N12L, GI7I, G60H, P64V, S65V, G68A and S79P were made. Each of these mutations, alone or in combination, has improved heat tolerance (as measured after a 20 minute heat excitation at 80 ℃) relative to the wild-type enzyme. In one embodiment of the invention, the method of the invention comprises the use of a xylanase having glucuronic acid xylan hydrolase and

a) comprising a polypeptide having at least 80% sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NO 1, SEQ ID NO 2, SEQ ID NO 3, SEQ ID NO 4, SEQ ID NO 5, SEQ ID NO 6, SEQ ID NO 7, SEQ ID NO 8, SEQ ID NO 9, SEQ ID NO 10, SEQ ID NO 11, SEQ ID NO 12, SEQ ID NO 13, SEQ ID NO 14, SEQ ID NO 15, SEQ ID NO 16, SEQ ID NO 17, SEQ ID NO 18, SEQ ID NO 19, SEQ ID NO 20 and SEQ ID NO 21;

b) comprising a polypeptide having at least 80% sequence identity to SEQ ID No. 1, and further comprising one or more mutations selected from D8F, QIIH, N12L, GI7I, G60H, P64V, S65V, G68A, and S79P.

In a suitable embodiment, the polypeptide comprises at least one, such as at least two, such as at least three, such as at least four, such as at least five, such as at least six, such as at least seven, such as at least eight, such as nine, mutations selected from D8F, QIIH, N12L, GI7I, G60H, P64V, S65V, G68A, and S79P.

The polypeptide of the invention may be selected from:

i. a polypeptide having at least 80% sequence identity, such as at least 85% sequence identity, such as at least 90% sequence identity, such as at least 95% sequence identity, such as at least 98% sequence identity, such as at least 99% sequence identity, to SEQ ID NO. 1;

a polypeptide having at least 80% sequence identity, such as at least 85% sequence identity, such as at least 90% sequence identity, such as at least 95% sequence identity, such as at least 98% sequence identity, such as at least 99% sequence identity, to SEQ ID No. 2; and

In one suitable embodiment, the GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase is derived from Bacillus subtilis and wherein the GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase is a polypeptide having xylanase activity selected from the group consisting of:

In a preferred embodiment, the GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase comprises, or consists essentially of, or consists of SEQ ID NO 1, SEQ ID NO 2 or SEQ ID NO 3.

Feed conversion ratio improvement

One aspect of the invention relates to a method of increasing the feed conversion ratio of an animal feed comprising corn, comprising adding to the animal feed a GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase. In a preferred embodiment, the feed is corn-based or comprises corn. In one embodiment, the corn is fiber corn. The feed may also comprise corn DDGS. In yet another embodiment, the feed may further comprise soybean meal.

An interesting aspect of the present invention relates to a method for increasing the feed conversion ratio of monogastric animals comprising the use of GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase in a corn-based animal feed.

As can be seen from example 1, all birds simultaneously reduced or maintained food intake the first time, with the birds increasing body weight from an average of 421.2g to 430.8g after 14 days, from an average of 854.1g to 893.75g (4.6%) after 21 days, and from an average of 1654.8g to 1672.1g after 28 days. This represents a substantial cost savings and income increase for farmers.

The invention also relates to a feed, an enzyme-enriched animal feed comprising GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase and corn, typically wherein the feed comprises corn in an amount of 100 to 1000g/kg feed and GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase in an amount of 2 to 100ppm/kg feed.

Another aspect of the invention relates to the use of GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase in the preparation of an enzyme-enriched animal feed, wherein the animal feed is a corn-based animal feed. A related aspect relates to a method of increasing the feed conversion ratio of monogastric animals comprising the use of GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase in corn-based animal feed. The present invention relates in a similar aspect to the use of GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase in the preparation of an enzyme-enriched animal feed, wherein the animal feed is a corn-based animal feed. Corn-based feed is intended to mean a feed comprising corn in an amount of 100 to 1000g/kg of feed. Typically, the feed comprises corn in an amount of 100 to 1000g/kg feed, such as 100 to 800g/kg feed, such as 200 to 600g/kg feed, such as 300 to 600g/kg feed. Alternatively, in the corn-based feed, at least 10% weight/weight (such as 10% to 100%, 10% to 80%, such as 20% to 80%, such as 25% to 85%, such as 20% to 75%, 25% to 75%, 30% to 75%, typically 30% to 70%, or 30% to 60%, suitably 35% to 65%) of the feed is corn, or corn and corn DDGS.

In a general embodiment of the feed, the enzyme-enriched animal feed comprises GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase and corn, wherein the feed comprises corn in an amount of 100 to 1000g/kg feed and GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase in an amount of 2 to 100ppm/kg feed; such as corn in an amount of 100 to 800g/kg feed and GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase in an amount of 2 to 100ppm/kg feed; such as corn in an amount of 200 to 800g/kg feed and GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase in an amount of 2 to 100ppm/kg feed; such as corn in an amount of 200 to 600g/kg feed and GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase in an amount of 2 to 100ppm/kg feed; such as corn in an amount of 300 to 600g/kg feed and GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase in an amount of 2 to 100ppm/kg feed.

The GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase may be present in the feed in an amount of from 2 to 100ppm/kg, such as from 2 to 80ppm/kg, such as from 2 to 60ppm/kg, such as from 2 to 50ppm/kg, from 2 to 40ppm/kg, or from 2 to 30ppm/kg, or from 2 to 20ppm/kg of feed. Suitably, the GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase may be present in the feed in an amount of from 2 to 100ppm/kg, such as from 5 to 80ppm/kg, from 10 to 60ppm/kg, more typically from 10 to 40ppm/kg and from 10 to 30 ppm/kg. The animal feed typically comprises 2 to 100ppm, such as 2 to 50ppm, such as 2 to 40ppm, such as 2.5 to 25ppm, such as 5 to 20ppm of GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase per kg of feed.

According to the method of the invention, the animal is typically a monogastric animal, such as poultry or swine. The animal may be a chicken, such as a broiler chicken.

Improving intestinal health

This example also demonstrates the surprising solubilization of an internally acting glucuronoxylomanlase from the GH30 family for the conversion of maize GAX to AXOS and its effect on the cecal microbiota composition of broilers in vitro.

GH30 significantly increased (P <0.05) the solubility of different insoluble NSP components from corn fiber. GH30 solubilized oligomers contain significant amounts of arabinose, which is reflected in a significant change in GH30 insoluble ara/xyl ratio. Without being bound by a particular theory, a statistically significant increase in solubilized rhamnose and galactose may also indicate pectin depolymerization, while a significant increase in glucose (P <0.05) may result from β -glucan, which is also present in corn kernels in small amounts.

Table 2 shows SCFA yields (mM) from 24 hours at 37 ℃ and in vitro cecal fermentation of 48 small corn fibers, incubated as performed in example 1, using cecal broiler contents as inoculum, in the absence or presence of 10ppm GH30 (n-3). In vitro cecal fermentation of corn fiber supplemented with GH30 significantly increased (P <0.05) certain SCFAs, especially butyrate (table 2). As shown in example 1 (table 2), the present method comprises the use of GH30 in animal feed comprising corn fiber, which surprisingly results in an increase of butyrate formation of more than 70%. The increase in butyrate formation is due to the higher solubilization of GAX by GH30 of the present invention (see table 1). One aspect of the invention relates to improving gut health in monogastric animals comprising the addition of GH30 to the animal feed. Alternatively defined, the method involves altering the monogastric microflora, which comprises the use of GH30 of the present invention.

¹SEM is standard error of the average sum of 24 hours and 48 hours. abc: the mean values within columns that do not share a common letter are significantly different (P)<0.05；Tukey-Kramer HSD)(n＝3)。

Oligosaccharides are defined as saccharides that contain 3 to 10 saccharide moieties. To test the xylanase-solubilized oligo-and polysaccharide size (MW) on the cecal microbiome, AXOS generated from GH30 was divided into 4 pools (pool) (I, II, III, IV) by SEC until approximately 100mg of material (freeze-dried) was obtained per fraction. During the separation of oligosaccharides produced by GH30, the UV signal (280nm) characteristically followed the RI signal, indicating that the oligomers in the different fractions contain aromatics. This signal originates from ferulic acid, the major source of phenolics in xylan, and small amounts of coumaric acid or other phenolic compounds (Boz, 2015; Bunzel, 2010). SEC of control supernatants (no GH30 added) showed low or no UV signal and corresponding low RI signal (data not shown). It is clear that the highest amount of AXOS was present in the supernatant of corn fiber incubated with GH30 in pool III, with an average MW of 1000-4000Da (average degree of polymerization of about 7-40 pentose units), as indicated by the peak in RI (FIG. 1). However, at 24 hours (significantly higher) and 48 hours (higher numbers), the highest total SCFA and butyrate content was observed in pool II, with an average MW of 4000-10000Da (average degree of polymerization of about 40-76), indicating that the cecal microbiome may prefer longer AXOS chains during butyrate formation, which also proved beneficial to broiler chickens in the case of wheat-based AXOS.

The bacterial composition varied significantly with pool IV, with a significant increase in growth (P <0.05) in the ruminococcaceae and pilospiraceae (including coprobacterium), and a significant decrease in bacteroides (P <0.05) compared to other pools containing shorter oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, as shown in figure 1. However, more specific and precise separation of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides may be required to investigate the changes in bacterial composition in more detail.

Differential abundance analysis using Deseq2 showed that bacteroid species 99% identical to bacteroides xylanisolvens (OTU3) were significantly reduced after GH30 supplementation (P < 0.05). Bacteroides xylanisolvens are known for their large repertoire of genes targeting xylan utilization. Bacteroides xylanisolvens prefers to degrade long soluble polysaccharides. The observed reduction in growth of bacteroides xylanisolvens is due to the addition of the exogenous GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase of the invention, since endogenous genes involved in long xylan degradation are less needed. An increase in diversity was observed upon addition of GH 30. High microbial diversity is believed to be directly related to gut health. Thus, the present invention further relates to a method of increasing microbial diversity in monogastric animals.

Dissolution of GAX has little effect on the levels of firmicutes, but it appears to favor butyrate producing bacteria, such as OTU11, classified as coprobacteria, one of the most abundant butyrate producing bacteria in monogastric animals. Furthermore, bacteria of the lachnospiraceae and ruminococcaceae families were also significantly increased in the samples treated with GH30 (P < 0.05). The family lachnospiraceae is an anaerobic bacterium, many of which are associated with the production of butyrate, which favors the growth of host epithelial cells and microbial populations. This is in good agreement with the significant increase in butyrate observed in vitro fermentations. Previous studies have also shown that addition of GH11 xylanase to xylan-rich fibrous substrates (e.g. wheat bran) can increase butyrate levels while reducing Bacteroides spp. Bacteroides xylanisolvens has been found to be unable to break down starch (Chassard et al, 2008), whereas Bacteroides vulgatus (Bacteroides vulgatus) is a known starch-degrading agent (McCarthy et al, 1988). Addition of GH30 to the fermentation medium may make the remaining starch more readily available, thus facilitating the growth of starch-utilizing bacteroides vulgatus, rather than non-starch-utilizing bacteroides vulgatus. In addition, bacteroides vulgaris is known for depolymerisation of pectin and degradation of galactose released by pectin (Hobbs et al, 2014). A significant increase in GH30 supplemented bifidobacteria was also observed (P < 0.001). In humans, studies have shown an association between bifidobacteria and wheat-derived AXOS with health benefits, wherein the bifidobacteria profile abrogates mouse metabolic disturbances caused by western diet. The methods of the invention relate to increasing the intestinal levels of butyrate producing bacteria, such as bacteria selected from the group consisting of bifidobacteria, ruminococcaceae (including the genus coprobacteria) and pilospiraceae, in a monogastric tract.

The method of the present invention provides an understanding of fiber metabolism in monogastric animals and identifies beneficial commensal flora and how to affect their growth. Thus, the methods of the present invention are important in optimizing the intestinal health of an animal. Solubilization of the insoluble corn fiber fraction with the exogenous GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase acting in situ according to the present invention allows for increased fiber fermentability, contributes to increased microbial diversity, and promotes beneficial bacterial transitions in the cecal broiler microbiota. The examples show that exogenous glucuronoxylomanlase has a specific, significant bacteroides-reducing effect on maize GAX, whereas the Lachnospiraceae (Lachnospiraceae) and Ruminococcaceae (Ruminococcaceae) (including coprobacterium) families of the bacterial family are the most important butyrate producers, increasing significantly. These bacteria produce butyrate producing effects during fermentation, providing the health benefits of the corn GAX degrading enzyme.

The examples of the present disclosure further reveal new modes of action of GH30 feedase, leading to new fields of application of GH30 enzyme. The effect of GH30 in feed enzymes on the gut environment and microbiota is an unknown aspect and can improve gut health in animals. As shown in the examples, enzymatic breakdown products generated in situ in the gut were analyzed and their effects on broiler gut morphology and microbiota composition were studied. NSP analysis and confocal microscopy of jejunal chyme showed solubilization of maize GAX by the hydrolase. GH30 targets and reduces (P <0.05) the insoluble portion of GAX. The dissolved AXOS has a high ara/xyl substitution as evidenced by the amount of arabinose (15.9%) compared to xylose (15.7%) that was partially dissolved from insoluble NSP after acid hydrolysis.

NSP analysis showed that upon GH30 supplementation, a slight increase in dissolved galactose and rhamnose was found in jejunal chyme (P < 0.05). Without being bound by a particular theory, this increase is believed to be due to the solubilization of the pectin polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I), which is also present in the corn cell wall, where RG-I then acts as a prebiotic. The improved animal performance observed in the examples was due to solubilization of glucuronic acid-arabinoxylan from corn and corn DDGS. GH30 cleaves and dissolves highly branched and heterogeneous glucuronic acid-arabinoxylan structures, with higher levels of soluble arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides producing more energy by increasing post-intestinal microbial fermentation and/or higher nutrient absorption and accessibility.

As shown in the examples, butyrate levels in the cecum of birds with added GH30 increased (P <0.05) and there was also a trend for higher acetate and higher total SCFA levels overall (table 3).

Table 3 SCFA concentration (μmol/g) in cecal content of broilers without and with dietary GH30(n ═ 24)

¹SEM is standard error mean. ab: the mean values within columns that do not share a common letter are significantly different (P)<0.05；Tukey-Kramer HSD)(n＝24)。

Also, during in vitro fermentation using the cecal microbiota, an increase in the value of total SCFA was observed upon addition of GH30 to the corn fiber (table 4). In vitro fermentation showed that some of the soluble arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides produced by GH30 were butyrate producing 43.6% more butyrate and significantly converted propionate and valerate to butyrate compared to the control (table 4). Stimulation of colonization and growth of butyrate producing bacteria may optimize gut health. Accordingly, one aspect of the present invention relates to a method for improving gut health in monogastric animals comprising the use of GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase. Higher levels of butyrate are beneficial to intestinal morphology and stimulate the expression of mucin glycoproteins in intestinal epithelial cells. An increase in the ratio of butyryl-coa: acetate-coa transferase gene to total bacteria was observed in birds supplemented with GH30 (P < 0.0038). This explains, at least in part, the reduction of T lymphocyte infiltration (P <0.001) and the increase in villus length (P <0.001) in the duodenum, as butyrate is known to reduce inflammation and increase epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation.

TABLE 4 in vitro SCFA yield (mM)10ppm (n-3) from cecal fermentations carried out for 6, 24 and 48 hours at 37 deg.C with broiler cecal contents as inoculum, corn fiber containing 110g/kg xylose, incubated without or with a 10ppm dose of SEQ ID NO 1

¹SEM is standard error of the mean. ab: the mean values within columns that do not share a common letter are significantly different (P)<0.05；Tukey-Kramer HSD)(n＝3)。

One aspect of the present invention relates to a method for the in situ production of prebiotics in a corn-based animal feed comprising the use of GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase added to the feed.

At least one of the prebiotics produced in situ is an arabinoxylan oligosaccharide and a polysaccharide. One aspect of the invention is a method of reducing the insoluble corn fraction in a corn-based animal feed comprising adding a GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase.

Another aspect of the invention relates to a method of improving gut health in a monogastric animal comprising administering to said animal an enzyme-enriched corn-based animal feed, wherein said animal feed comprises the enzyme GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase. Typically, GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase degrades the non-starch polysaccharides of the corn to produce prebiotic oligomers and polymers, prebiotic oligomers, and polymers comprising arabinoxylan oligosaccharides. Thus, another aspect of the present invention is a method for improving gut health in monogastric animals by in situ generation of arabinoxylan oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. An alternative method of the invention is a method of in situ prebiotic production in monogastric animals comprising administering to the animal an enzyme-enriched corn-based animal feed, wherein the animal feed comprises the enzyme GH30 glucuronoxylomohydrolase. Alternatively defined, one aspect of the invention relates to a method of improving intestinal health in a monogastric animal, said method comprising increasing cecal butyrate levels in situ in said animal, said method comprising administering to said animal an enzyme-enriched corn-based animal feed, wherein said animal feed comprises the enzyme GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase.

The invention further relates to a method for improving the intestinal health of a monogastric animal, said method comprising altering the microbiota composition of said animal by administering to said animal an enzyme-enriched corn-based animal feed, wherein said animal feed comprises the enzyme GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase. As mentioned above, the microbiota composition of said animals is typically altered, as at least bacteroides (bacteroides) levels are reduced and Lachnospiraceae (Lachnospiraceae) and/or Ruminococcaceae (Ruminococcaceae) levels are increased.

Another aspect of the invention relates to a method for inducing butyrate production in monogastric animals comprising administering to said animals an enzyme-enriched corn-based animal feed, wherein said animal feed comprises the enzyme GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase.

Enzyme composition

The invention also relates to compositions comprising a polypeptide of the invention. Preferably, the composition is enriched for a polypeptide of the invention. The term "enriched" means that the GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase activity of the composition has been increased, e.g. with an enrichment factor (enrichment factor) of at least 1.1, such as at least 1.2, at least 1.3, at least 1.4, at least 1.5, at least 2.0, at least 3.0, at least 4.0, at least 5.0, at least 10.

In one embodiment, the composition comprises one or more polypeptides of the invention and one or more formulation agents (formulation agents), as described below.

The composition can further comprise a plurality of enzyme activities, such as one or more (e.g., several) enzymes selected from phytase, xylanase, galactanase, protease, phospholipase a1, phospholipase a2, lysophospholipase, phospholipase C, phospholipase D, amylase, lysozyme, arabinofuranosidase, beta-xylosidase, acetylxylan esterase, ferulic acid esterase, cellulase, cellobiohydrolase, beta-glucosidase, pullulanase, and beta-glucanase, or any combination thereof.

The composition may further comprise one or more microorganisms. In one embodiment, the microorganism is selected from the group consisting of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus polymyxa, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus circulans, Bacillus bifidus, Bifidobacterium animalis, Bacillus, Clostridium butyricum, enterococcus faecium, enterococcus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus salivarius, lactococcus lactis, lactococcus, Leuconostoc, Macrococcus excarrier, Micrococcus lactis, Pediococcus, Propionibacterium torniveum, Propionibacterium, and Streptococcus (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus puuus, Bacillus polymyxa, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus coli, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus bifidum, carnobacterium sp., Clostridium butyricum, Clostridium sp., Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus sp., Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus factitious, Lactobacillus rhamnous, Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus lactis, Lactobacillus sp., Leucosoc sp., Megasphaera sp., Pediococcus acidilactici, Pediococcus sp., Propionibacterium thoenii, Propionibacterium sp, and Streptococcus sp.), or any combination thereof.

Preparation agent

The enzymes of the invention may be prepared as liquids or solids. For liquid formulations, the preparation may comprise a polyol (such as glycerol, ethylene glycol or propylene glycol), a salt (such as sodium chloride, sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate) or a sugar or sugar derivative (such as dextrin, glucose, sucrose and sorbitol). Thus, in one embodiment, the composition is a liquid composition comprising a polypeptide of the invention and one or more preparation agents selected from the group consisting of glycerol, ethylene glycol, 1, 2-propanediol, 1, 3-propanediol, sodium chloride, sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, dextrin, glucose, sucrose and sorbitol. The liquid formulation may be sprayed onto the feed after the feed is pelletized, or may be added to the drinking water of the animal.

For solid formulations, the formulation may be, for example, a granule, a spray-dried powder, or an agglomerate. The preparation may comprise a salt (organic or inorganic zinc, sodium, potassium or calcium salts, such as calcium acetate, calcium benzoate, calcium carbonate, calcium chloride, calcium citrate, calcium sorbate, calcium sulfate, potassium acetate, potassium benzoate, potassium carbonate, potassium chloride, potassium citrate, potassium sorbate, potassium sulfate, sodium acetate, sodium benzoate, sodium carbonate, sodium chloride, sodium citrate, sodium sulfate, zinc acetate, zinc benzoate, zinc carbonate, zinc chloride, zinc citrate, zinc sorbate, zinc sulfate), starch or a sugar or sugar derivative (such as sucrose, dextrin, glucose, lactose, sorbitol).

In one embodiment, the solid composition is in the form of a granule. The particles may have a matrix structure in which the components are homogeneously mixed. However, the granules typically comprise a core granule and one or more coatings, typically salt and/or wax coatings. Examples of waxes are polyethylene glycol; polypropylene; carnauba wax; candelilla wax; beeswax; hydrogenated vegetable or animal fats, such as hydrogenated tallow, hydrogenated palm oil, hydrogenated cottonseed, and/or hydrogenated soybean oil; a fatty acid alcohol; mono-and/or diglycerides, such as glyceryl stearate, wherein stearate is a mixture of stearic and palmitic acids; microcrystalline wax; paraffin wax; and fatty acids, such as hydrogenated linear long chain fatty acids and derivatives thereof. Preferred waxes are palm oil or hydrogenated palm oil. The core particle may be a homogeneous mixture of GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase of the invention, optionally in combination with one or more additional enzymes and optionally together with one or more salts or inert particles, GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase of the invention optionally in combination with one or more additional enzymes applied thereto.

In one embodiment, the material of the core particle is selected from inorganic salts (such as calcium acetate, calcium benzoate, calcium carbonate, calcium chloride, calcium citrate, calcium sorbate, calcium sulfate, potassium acetate, potassium benzoate, potassium carbonate, potassium chloride, potassium citrate, potassium sorbate, potassium sulfate, sodium acetate, sodium benzoate, sodium carbonate, sodium chloride, sodium citrate, sodium sulfate, zinc acetate, zinc benzoate, zinc carbonate, zinc chloride, zinc citrate, zinc sorbate, zinc sulfate), starches or sugars or sugar derivatives (such as sucrose, dextrin, glucose, lactose, sorbitol), small organic molecules, starches, flours, celluloses and minerals and clay minerals (also known as layered water-containing aluminum silicates). In a preferred embodiment, the core comprises a clay mineral, such as kaolinite or kaolin.

The salt coating is typically at least 1 μm thick and may be a specific salt or mixture of salts, such as Na₂SO₄、K₂SO₄、MgSO₄And/or sodium citrate. Further examples are those described in e.g. WO 2008/017659, WO 2006/034710, WO 1997/05245, WO 1998/54980, WO 1998/55599, WO 2000/70034/0204/0204/0204/020034.

In another embodiment, the composition is a composition comprising a GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase of the invention and one or more preparation agents selected from the group consisting of sodium chloride, sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, sodium thiosulfate, calcium carbonate, sodium citrate, dextrin, glucose, sucrose, sorbitol, lactose, starch, and cellulose. In a preferred embodiment, the preparation agent is selected from one or more of the following compounds: sodium sulfate, dextrin, cellulose, sodium thiosulfate, and calcium carbonate. In a preferred embodiment, the solid composition is in the form of granules. In one embodiment, the solid composition is in the form of particles and comprises a core particle, which comprises an enzyme layer of the GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase of the invention and a salt coating.

In another embodiment, the preparation agent is selected from one or more of the following compounds: glycerol, ethylene glycol, 1, 2-or 1, 3-propanediol, sodium chloride, sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, sodium thiosulfate, calcium carbonate, sodium citrate, dextrin, glucose, sucrose, sorbitol, lactose, starch, kaolin, and cellulose. In a preferred embodiment, the preparation agent is selected from one or more of the following compounds: 1, 2-propanediol, 1, 3-propanediol, sodium sulfate, dextrin, cellulose, sodium thiosulfate, kaolin, and calcium carbonate.

Preparation agent

The enzymes of the invention may be prepared in liquid or solid or semi-solid formulations. For liquid formulations, the formulation may include a polyol (such as glycerol, ethylene glycol or propylene glycol), a salt (such as sodium chloride, sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate) or a sugar or sugar derivative (such as dextrin, glucose, sucrose and sorbitol). Thus, in one embodiment, the composition is a liquid composition comprising a polypeptide of the invention and one or more preparation agents selected from the group consisting of glycerol, ethylene glycol, 1, 2-propanediol, 1, 3-propanediol, sodium chloride, sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, dextrin, glucose, sucrose and sorbitol.

In one embodiment, the material of the core particle is selected from inorganic salts (e.g., calcium acetate, calcium benzoate, calcium carbonate, calcium chloride, calcium citrate, calcium sorbate, calcium sulfate, potassium acetate, potassium benzoate, potassium carbonate, potassium chloride, potassium citrate, potassium sorbate, potassium sulfate, sodium acetate, sodium benzoate, sodium carbonate, sodium chloride, sodium citrate, sodium sulfate, zinc acetate, zinc benzoate, zinc carbonate, zinc chloride, zinc citrate, zinc sorbate, zinc sulfate), starches or sugars or sugar derivatives (e.g., sucrose, dextrin, glucose, lactose, sorbitol), small organic molecules, starches, flour, cellulose, and minerals.

The salt coating is typically at least 1 μm thick and may be a specific salt or mixture of salts, such as Na₂SO₄、K₂SO₄、MgSO₄And/or sodium citrate. Further examples are polymer coatings such as those described in e.g. WO 2008/017659, WO 2006/034710, WO 1997/05245, WO 1998/54980, WO 1998/55599, WO 2000/70034, e.g. WO 2001/00042.

In another embodiment, the preparation agent is selected from one or more of the following compounds: glycerol, ethylene glycol, 1, 2-or 1, 3-propanediol, sodium chloride, sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, sodium thiosulfate, calcium carbonate, sodium citrate, dextrin, glucose, sucrose, sorbitol, lactose, starch, and cellulose. In a preferred embodiment, the preparation agent is selected from one or more of the following compounds: 1, 2-propanediol, 1, 3-propanediol, sodium sulfate, dextrin, cellulose, sodium thiosulfate, and calcium carbonate.

Animal feed and animal feed additive

The invention also relates to animal feed compositions and animal feed additives comprising one or more GH30 glucuronoxylomanlyses of the invention. In one embodiment, the animal feed or animal feed additive comprises a preparation agent and one or more GH30 glucuronoxylomanlyses of the present invention. In another embodiment, the preparation comprises one or more of the following compounds: glycerol, ethylene glycol, 1, 2-or 1, 3-propanediol, sodium chloride, sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, sodium thiosulfate, calcium carbonate, sodium citrate, dextrin, glucose, sucrose, sorbitol, lactose, starch, kaolin, and cellulose.

Animal feed compositions or diets have a relatively high protein content. Poultry and pig diets can be characterized as shown in table B of WO 01/58275, columns 2-3. The fish diet was characterized as shown in column 4 of table B. Furthermore, the crude fat content of such fish feed is typically 200-310 g/kg.

The animal feed composition according to the invention has a crude protein content of 50-800g/kg and further comprises at least one GH30 glucuronoxylomanhydrolase as claimed herein.

In addition, or as an alternative (to the above crude protein content), the animal feed composition of the invention has a metabolizable energy content of 10-30 MJ/kg; and/or the calcium content is 0.1-200 g/kg; and/or the effective phosphorus content is 0.1-200 g/kg; and/or the methionine content is 0.1-100 g/kg; and/or the content of methionine plus cysteine is 0.1-150 g/kg; and/or the content of lysine is 0.5-50 g/kg.

In particular embodiments, the content of metabolic energy, crude protein, calcium, phosphorus, methionine plus cysteine and/or lysine is in any one of the ranges 2, 3, 4 or 5 in table B of WO 01/58275 (r.2-5).

The crude protein was calculated as nitrogen (N) multiplied by a factor of 6.25, i.e. crude protein (g/kg) ═ N (g/kg) x 6.25. Nitrogen content was determined by Kjeldahl method (A.O.A.C.,1984, Official Methods of Analysis 14th ed., Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington DC).

The metabolic Energy can be calculated from The NRC publication "Nutrient requirements in Swine (Nutrient requirements in swine 1988, national Nutrient duration on swine probability, committee on animal probability, board of aggreculturation, national Nutrient balance, Washington, D.C., pp.2-6) and The European Poultry Feed Energy value sheet (The European Table of Energy Values for fodder feeds-entries, Spelderheat center for Nutrient balance and extension,7361DA Beekbergen, The Netherlands.Gratif second tension & oil boundary bn, Waring-463-715).

The dietary content of calcium, available phosphorus and amino acids in the complete animal diet is calculated according to the feed schedule, e.g. Veevoederabel 1997, gevens over chemische salenstalling, verterbaharid en voederwearde van voedermamiddel, Central Veevoederburea, Runderweg 6,8219pk Lelystad. ISBN 90-72839-13-7.

In a particular embodiment, the animal feed composition of the invention contains at least one vegetable protein as defined above.

The animal feed composition of the invention may also contain animal proteins, such as meat and bone meal, feather meal and/or fish meal, typically in an amount of 0-25%. The animal feed composition of the invention may also comprise distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), typically in an amount of 0-30%.

In a further embodiment, the animal feed composition of the present invention comprises 0-80% corn; and/or 0-80% sorghum; and/or 0-70% wheat; and/or 0-70% barley; and/or 0-30% oat; and/or 0-40% soybean meal; and/or 0-25% fish meal; and/or 0-25% meat and bone meal; and/or 0-20% whey.

The animal feed may comprise a vegetable protein. In particular embodiments, the protein content of the plant protein is at least 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 or 90% (w/w). The vegetable protein may be derived from vegetable protein sources such as legumes and grains, for example, materials from legumes (leguminosae), cruciferae, chenopodiaceae, and gramineae, such as soybean meal, lupin meal, rapeseed meal, and combinations thereof.

In a particular embodiment, the vegetable protein source is material from one or more plants of the family leguminosae, such as soybeans, lupins, peas or beans. In a particular embodiment, the vegetable protein source is material from one or more plants of the family leguminosae, such as soybeans, lupins, peas or beans. Other examples of vegetable protein sources are rapeseed and cabbage. In another particular embodiment, soy is a preferred vegetable protein source. Other examples of vegetable protein sources are cereals, such as barley, wheat, rye, oats, maize (corn), rice and sorghum.

The animal feed can be manufactured, for example, as a powder feed (non-pelleted) or a pelleted feed. Typically, the ground feed is mixed and sufficient amounts of essential vitamins and minerals are added according to the relevant species specifications. The enzyme may be added as a solid or liquid enzyme preparation. For example, for a powdered feed, a solid or liquid enzyme preparation may be added before or during the ingredient mixing step. For pelleted feeds, (liquid or solid) GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase/enzyme preparation may also be added before or during the feed ingredient steps. Typically, a liquid GH30 glucuronoxylomohydrolase/enzyme formulation comprises the GH30 glucuronoxylomohydrolase of the present invention and optionally a polyol (such as glycerol, ethylene glycol or propylene glycol) and is added after the granulation step, e.g. by spraying the liquid formulation onto the pellets. The enzymes may also be incorporated into feed additives or premixes.

Alternatively, GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase may be prepared by freezing a mixture of a liquid enzyme solution and a bulking agent such as ground soybean meal, and then lyophilizing the mixture.

In one embodiment, the animal feed or animal feed additive comprises one or more additional enzymes. In one embodiment, the animal feed comprises one or more microorganisms. In one embodiment, the animal feed comprises one or more vitamins. In one embodiment, the animal feed comprises one or more minerals. In one embodiment, the animal feed comprises one or more amino acids. In one embodiment, the animal feed comprises one or more other feed ingredients.

In another embodiment, the animal feed or animal feed additive comprises a polypeptide of the invention, one or more preparation agents and one or more additional enzymes. In one embodiment, the animal feed or animal feed additive comprises a polypeptide of the invention, one or more preparation agents and one or more microorganisms. In one embodiment, the animal feed comprises a polypeptide of the invention, one or more manufacturing agents, and one or more vitamins. In one embodiment, the animal feed or animal feed additive comprises one or more minerals. In one embodiment, the animal feed or animal feed additive comprises a polypeptide of the invention, one or more preparation agents, and one or more amino acids. In one embodiment, the animal feed or animal feed additive comprises a polypeptide of the invention, one or more preparation agents and one or more other feed ingredients.

In another embodiment, the animal feed or animal feed additive comprises a polypeptide of the invention, one or more preparation agents and one or more components selected from the group consisting of: one or more additional enzymes; one or more microorganisms; one or more vitamins; one or more minerals; one or more amino acids; and one or more other feed ingredients.

Additional enzymes

In another embodiment, the compositions described herein optionally include one or more enzymes. ENZYMEs can be classified according to the Enzyme Nomenclature handbook, NC-IUBMB,1992, see also the Enzyme site on the Internet: http:// www.expasy.ch/enzyme/. ENZYME is a library of information related to ENZYME nomenclature. It is based primarily on the recommendations of the International Union of biochemistry and molecular biology (IUB-MB) nomenclature Committee (Academic Press, Inc.,1992), and it describes each type of characterized ENZYME for which EC (ENZYME Committee) numbers have been provided (Bairoch A. the ENZYME database,2000, Nucleic Acids Res 28: 304-. This IUB-MB enzyme nomenclature is based on their substrate specificity, and occasionally also on their molecular mechanism; such classification does not reflect the structural features of these enzymes.

Another classification of certain glycoside hydrolases, such as endoglucanase, alpha-galactosidase, galactanase, mannanase, glucanase, lysozyme and galactosidase is described in Henrissat et al, "The carbohydrate-active enzymes database (CAZy) in 2013", Nucl. acids Res. (1January 2014)42(D1): D490-D495; see se also www.cazy.org..

Thus, the composition of the invention may also comprise at least one enzyme selected from phytase (EC3.1.3.8 or 3.1.3.26); xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8); galactanase (EC 3.2.1.89); α -galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.22); protease (EC 3.4); phospholipase a1(EC 3.1.1.32); phospholipase a2(EC 3.1.1.4); lysophospholipase (EC 3.1.1.5); phospholipase C (3.1.4.3); phospholipase D (EC 3.1.4.4); amylases, such as, for example, alpha-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1); arabinofuranosidase (EC 3.2.1.55); beta-xylosidase (EC 3.2.1.37); acetyl xylan esterase (EC 3.1.1.72); feruloyl esterase (EC 3.1.1.73); cellulase (EC 3.2.1.4); cellobiohydrolases (EC 3.2.1.91); beta-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21); pullulanase (EC 3.2.1.41), alpha-mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.24), mannanase (EC 3.2.1.25) and beta-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.4 or EC 3.2.1.6), or any mixture thereof.

In a particular embodiment, the composition of the invention comprises a phytase (EC3.1.3.8 or 3.1.3.26). Examples of commercially available phytases include Bio-Feed^TMPhytases (Novozymes),P、NP andHiPhos(DSM Nutritional Products)，andE(BASF),andBlue(AB Enzymes),(Huvepharma)XP (Verenium/DuPont) andphy (dupont) other preferred phytases include, for example, those described in WO 98/28408, WO 00/43503 and WO 03/066847.

In a specific embodiment, the composition of the invention comprises a GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase (EC 3.2.1.8). Examples of commercially available xylanases includeWX andG2(DSM Nutritional Products)、XT and Barley (AB vista),(Verenium)、X (Huvepharma) andXB (xylanase/beta-glucanase, DuPont)。

In a particular embodiment, the composition of the invention comprises a protease (EC 3.4). Examples of commercially available proteases include ProAct (DSM Nutritional products).

Microorganisms

In one embodiment, the animal feed composition further comprises one or more additional microorganisms. In particular embodiments, the animal feed composition further comprises bacteria from one or more of the following genera: lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Bacillus, Pediococcus, Enterococcus, Leuconostoc, Carnobacterium, Propionibacterium, Bifidobacterium, Clostridium and Megasphaera or any combination thereof.

In a preferred embodiment, the animal feed composition further comprises bacteria from one or more of the following strains: bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus polymyxa, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus coagulons, Bacillus circulans, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus spp, and Pediococcus spp, Lactobacillus spp, Bifidobacterium spp, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus lactis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bacillus bifidus, Bacillus thoenii, Lactobacillus sporotrichinium, Bacillus lactis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus mucilaginosus bacterial strain, Bacillus mucilaginosus strain.

In a more preferred embodiment, the animal feed composition further comprises bacteria from one or more of the following strains of bacillus subtilis: 3A-P4 (PTA-6506); 15A-P4 (PTA-6507); 22C-P1 (PTA-6508); 2084(NRRL B-500130); LSSA01 (NRRL-B-50104); BS27(NRRL B-50105); BS 18(NRRL B-50633); and BS 278(NRRL B-50634).

The bacterial count of each strain in the animal feed composition was 1x10⁴And 1x10¹⁴CFU/kg dry matter, preferably 1x10⁶And 1x10¹²CFU/kg dry matter, more preferably 1x10⁷And 1x10¹¹CFU/kg dry matter. In a more preferred embodiment, the bacterial count of each bacterial strain in the animal feed composition is at 1x10⁸And 1x10¹⁰CFU/kg dry matter.

The bacterial count of each bacterial strain in the animal feed composition was 1x10⁵And 1x10¹⁵CFU/animal/day, preferably 1X10⁷And 1x10¹³Between CFU/animal/day, more preferably at 1x10⁸And 1x10¹²CFU/animal/day. In a more preferred embodiment, the bacterial count of each bacterial strain in the animal feed composition is at 1x10⁹To 1x10¹¹CFU/animal/day.

In another embodiment, the one or more bacterial strains are present in the form of stable spores.

Premix compound

In one embodiment, the animal feed can include a premix comprising, for example, vitamins, minerals, enzymes, amino acids, preservatives, antibiotics, other feed ingredients, or any combination thereof, mixed into the animal feed.

Amino acids

The compositions of the present invention may also comprise one or more amino acids. Examples of amino acids for use in animal feed are lysine, alanine, beta-alanine, threonine, methionine and tryptophan.

Vitamins and minerals

In another embodiment, the animal feed may include one or more vitamins, such as one or more fat soluble vitamins and/or one or more water soluble vitamins. In another embodiment, the animal feed can optionally include one or more minerals, such as one or more trace minerals and/or one or more macro minerals.

Usually fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins and trace minerals form part of a so-called premix intended to be added to the feed, whereas the major minerals are usually added separately to the feed.

Non-limiting examples of fat-soluble vitamins include vitamin a, vitamin D3, vitamin E, and vitamin K, such as vitamin K3.

Non-limiting examples of water-soluble vitamins include vitamin B12, biotin and choline, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, niacin, folic acid, and pantothenic acid, e.g., Ca-D-pantothenic acid.

Non-limiting examples of trace minerals include boron, cobalt, chloride, chromium, copper, fluoride, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, and zinc.

Non-limiting examples of macrominerals include calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium.

The nutritional requirements for these ingredients (poultry and piglets/pigs as examples) are listed in table a of WO 01/58275. Nutritional requirements mean that these ingredients should be provided in the diet at the indicated concentrations.

Alternatively, the animal feed additive of the invention comprises at least one of the individual components specified in table a of WO 01/58275. At least one means one or more of one or two, or three, or four, etc., up to all thirteen, or up to all fifteen individual components. More specifically, the at least one individual component is included in the additive of the present invention in such an amount as to provide a concentration in the feed within the range shown in column four, or column five or column six of table a.

In yet another embodiment, the animal feed additive of the invention comprises at least one of the following vitamins, preferably provided at concentrations in the feed (for piglet diet and broiler diet, respectively) within the ranges specified in table 10 below.

Table 10: typical vitamin recommendations

Other feedsComposition (I)

The compositions of the present invention may also comprise colorants, stabilizers, growth-promoting additives and aroma compounds/flavors, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs); an active oxygen producing substance, an antimicrobial peptide and an antifungal polypeptide.

Examples of colorants are carotenoids, such as beta-carotene, astaxanthin and lutein.

Examples of aroma compounds/flavourings are cresol, anethole, decalactone, undecalactone and/or dodecalactone, ionone, iron, gingerol, piperidine, propylidene phthalic acid, butylidene phthalic acid, capsaicin and tannin.

Examples of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are CAP18, leucine A, Tritrpticin, Protegrin-1, Thanatin, defensins, lactoferrin, and Ovispirin such as Novispirin (Robert Lehrer,2000), Plectasins, and statins, including the compounds and polypeptides described in WO 03/044049 and WO 03/048148, as well as variants or fragments thereof that retain antimicrobial activity.

Examples of antifungal polypeptides (AFPs) are Aspergillus megaterium (Aspergillus giganteus) and Aspergillus niger peptides (Aspergillus niger), as well as variants and fragments thereof retaining antifungal activity, as described in WO 94/01459 and WO 02/090384.

Examples of polyunsaturated fatty acids are C18, C20 and C22 polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as arachidonic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid and gamma-linoleic acid.

Examples of active oxygen generating substances are chemicals such as perborate, persulfate or percarbonate; and enzymes, such as oxidases, oxygenases or synthases.

The compositions of the present invention may also comprise at least one amino acid. Examples of amino acids for use in animal feed are lysine, alanine, beta-alanine, threonine, methionine and tryptophan.

Use of

For animal feed

The GH30 glucuronoxylomanlyses of the invention may also be used in animal feed. In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method of preparing an animal feed composition comprising adding one or more GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase of the invention to one or more animal feed ingredients.

One or more GH30 glucuronoxylomanlyses of the invention may be used, for example, to stabilize the healthy microbiota of non-ruminants, particularly livestock, such as, but not limited to, pigs (pig) or pigs (swines) (including, but not limited to, piglets, growing pigs and sows), poultry (including, but not limited to, geese, swan, geese, etc.), by inhibiting the growth/gut colonization of viral (e.g., coronaviridae, Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV), Persiviruses that transmit bovine viral diseases, etc.), parasitic pathogens (coccidian protozoa, Eimeria maxima, Eimeria tenuis) or bacterial pathogens (e.g., Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli, Campylobacter and Campylobacter jejuni, Yersinia, porcine spirochetes, Brevibacterium dysenteriae, Lawsonia intracellularis, and Salmonella, such as Salmonella enterica, Salmonella typhimurium), Turkeys, ducks, and chickens, such as broilers, chickens, and layers); and rabbits and fish (including but not limited to salmon, trout, tilapia, catfish, and carp; and crustaceans (including but not limited to shrimp (shawn) and shrimp (prawn)). In a preferred embodiment, the GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase is applied to chickens and has antimicrobial activity against clostridium perfringens. In another embodiment, the GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase of the invention is used as a feed additive, wherein it may provide a positive effect on the microbial balance of the chicken gut and in this way improve the animal performance.

According to WO 00/21381 and WO 04/026334, one or more GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase of the invention may also be used in animal feed as a feed enhancing enzyme, which improves feed digestibility to increase its efficiency of utilization.

In another embodiment, the GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase of the invention may be used as a feed additive, which may have a positive effect on the animal gut and in this way improve the animal's ability with respect to weight gain, Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) or improving animal health (e.g. reducing mortality). FCR is calculated as feed intake in g/animal relative to weight gain in g/animal.

In the use according to the invention, the GH30 glucuronoxylomohydrolase may be fed to the animal before, after or simultaneously with the diet. The latter is preferred.

In a particular embodiment, the form of GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase is well defined when added to feed or comprised in a feed additive. By well-defined is meant that the GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase preparation is at least 50% pure as determined by size exclusion chromatography (see example 12 of WO 01/58275). In other particular embodiments, the GH30 glucuronoxylomohydrolase preparation is at least 60, 70, 80, 85, 88, 90, 92, 94, or at least 95% pure as determined by this method.

A well-defined GH30 glucuronoxylomohydrolase formulation is advantageous. For example, it is much easier to correctly add GH30 glucuronoxylomohydrolase to feed, which GH30 glucuronoxylomohydrolase does not substantially interfere with or contaminate other GH30 glucuronoxylomohydrolases. The term dose correctly refers to the goal of obtaining consistent and constant results, as well as the ability to optimize the dose based on the desired effect.

However, for use in animal feed, the GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase need not be pure; it may for example comprise other enzymes, in which case it may be referred to as GH30 glucuronoxylomohydrolase preparation.

The GH30 glucuronoxylomohydrolase preparation may be (a) added directly to the feed, or (b) used to produce one or more intermediate compositions, such as feed additives or premixes, which are subsequently added to the feed (or used in the treatment process). The above purity refers to the purity of the original GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase preparation, whether used according to (a) or (b) above.

Examples

Example 1

Exogenous glucuronic acid xylan hydrolase from glycoside hydrolase family 30(GH30) promotes microbial diversity and butyrate production in cecal broiler fermentation of corn fiber in vitro.

In this in vitro study, the ability of an internally acting glucuronic acid xylan hydrolase from the Glycoside Hydrolase (GH) family 30 of SEQ ID NO 1 to solubilize glucuronic acid-arabinoxylan in corn fiber and the subsequent effect of the resulting oligosaccharides on broiler cecal microbiota composition was tested. The enzyme significantly reduced (P <0.01) the insoluble corn fraction. To investigate the effect of oligosaccharide size on fermentation pattern, the oligosaccharides produced by SEQ ID NO 1 were separated by size exclusion chromatography (sized and isolated). Fermentation of the pool of fractions with molecular weight 4-10kDa showed higher butyrate concentrations compared to pools containing oligosaccharides with lower MW (1-4kDa and 100-500 Da). During the in vitro fermentation, butyrate concentrations increased significantly (P <0.01) after 24 and 48 hours after in situ enzyme addition. The addition of glucuronoxylomanlase increased diversity and significantly reduced (P <0.01) the growth of gram-negative bacteroides (P <0.01), while bacteria from the family lachnospiraceae, which are vital butyrate-producing bacteria, were significantly increased (P < 0.01).

Materials and methods

The corn fiber matrix has a Dry Matter (DM) content of 97.54% and contains 364g/kg crude fiber, 25.5g/kg starch, 375g/kg protein, 98g/kg fat and 46g/kg ash, which is obtained by de-starching and de-proteinizing using Termamyl and Alcalase. See Ravn et al (2017) for detailed production steps. Chemical compositions of corn are representative of corn used in the monogastric feed industry (Cowieson, 2005). The corn fiber had approximately 110.5g/kg DM of xylose.

Purified single-component enzyme: glucuronohydrolase from the GH30_8 family (EC3.2.1.136) having SEQ ID NO 1, SEQ ID NO 2, SEQ ID NO 3 was obtained from Bacillus subtilis and expressed in Bacillus licheniformis (B.).

Enzymatic digestion of corn fiber

Corn fiber (100mg) substrate (n ═ 4) to SEQ ID NO 1(10ppm) incubation together. The enzyme dosage of 10ppm corresponds to the recommended dosage of other carbohydrases in the feed additive market. At pH 5.0, with 5mM Ca²⁺While stirring (500rpm) in 4mL of 0.1M sodium acetate (NaOAc) buffer, incubation was continued at 40 ℃ for 4 hours.

NSP assay

Analysis of soluble and insoluble neutral non-cellulosic polysaccharide (NCP) components (cellulose-free NSP components) was performed three times on corn fiber incubated with and without GH30 according to the analyzer et al (1995). To avoid cellulose swelling, 12MH was not used₂SO₄Solubilization is carried out.

Separation of AXOS by Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC)

The supernatant from the corn cellulase digestion (as described in section 2.3) was concentrated by rapid vacuum evaporation and then separated in 50mM ammonium formate (pH 5) at a flow rate of 150mL/h using a Superdex 75 column (26/60) (GE Healthcare Life Sciences, USA) equipped with Refractive Index (RI) and Ultraviolet (UV) detectors. Fractions were collected at two minute intervals. Fractions were pooled: pool I (fractions 22-30), pool II (31-39), pool III (40-53), pool IV (55-59), and pool V (60-70) were freeze-dried, resuspended in demineralized water, and freeze-dried again to remove ammonium formate.

In vitro cecum fermentation

As described in Moura et al (2007) and modified according to De Maesschalck et al (2015), corn fiber (150mg) or 100mg I-IV pools from SEC were diluted in hypoxic sterile Moura medium prepared as described and the pH adjusted to 6.5. The cecal contents of 29 day old broilers were mixed with Moura medium and diluted 10-fold, from which 150 μ Ι was added to corn fiber with a final culture volume of 15ml to achieve a 1000-fold dilution of the cecal contents. The fermentations were incubated at 37 ℃ for 48 hours with or without glucuronoxylomanlase at an enzyme dose of 10 ppm. Wells I-IV received no enzyme supplementation. The fermentation supernatant was sampled after 24 and 48 hours and stored at-20 ℃ until analysis. All fermentations were repeated three times.

Short chain fatty acid analysis

Such as(1994) And quantifying the concentration of the SCFA in the cecal contents of the broilers and the in-vitro cecal fermentation supernatant by using a gas chromatography. Samples were thawed and centrifuged before mixing approximately 200 μ l of in vitro fermentation supernatant with 200 μ l MeOH and 10% HCOOH. Lactic acid was quantified by HPLC (Dionex, Sunnyvale, USA) using a Rezex RoA column (Phenomenex, Torrance, USA) and RI detector, after which the sample was taken at 5mM H₂SO₄Diluted twice to obtain linearity on RI detector.

DNA extraction and PCR of microbiota composition

Total genomic bacterial DNA was extracted from in vitro caecum inoculum fermentations using a Nucleospin 96 soil kit (Macherey-Nagel, Germany) and a Genie-T vortexer (American scientific industries Co.). DNA was quantified using a fluorescent Qubit dsDNA HS detection kit (Invitrogen, USA) and 10-15ng of extracted DNA was used in a PCR reaction (25. mu.l) against the variable region of the 16S rRNA gene V3-V4. 10-15ng of the extracted DNA was used as a template (25. mu.l) for PCR reaction containing dNTPs (400nM each),Hot Start IIDNA polymerase HF (2mU), 1XHigh Fidelity buffer and barcode library adaptor (400nM) containing V3-4 specific primer (forward (341F) CCTACGGGNGGCWGCAG and reverse (805R): GACTACHVGGGTATTCTAATCC). The PCR settings used were: initial denaturation at 98 ℃ for 2 min, 30 cycles, 98 ℃ for 30 sec, 52 ℃ for 30 sec, 72 ℃ for 30 sec, and final extension at 72 ℃ for 5 min.

16S composed of cecal microbiota rRNA gene sequencing

Use ofAmpure XP bead protocol (Beckmann Coulter, USA) purified the amplicon library. The purified sequencing libraries were pooled and samples were paired-end sequenced (280bp x260bp read, 8bp for double index) on MiSeq (Illumina, San Diego, CA) using MiSeq Reagent kit v3, 600 cycles (Illumina) according to standard guidelines for sample preparation and loading on MiSeq. Genomic DNA was added to overcome the low complexity problem common in amplicon samples. Bioinformatics was performed as described previously by Ravn et al (2017).

Bioinformatics processing, OTU clustering and classification

The generation of the OTU table is done using usearch version 10.0.240(Edgar, 2016). Primer binding regions were removed using fastx _ truncate and reads were filtered to ensure that each read contained less than one error. The mass filtered readings were denoised with uneise 3. OTU abundance was calculated by using a 97% identity threshold with usearch _ global mapping. Taxonomic classification was done using RDP classifier version 2.12.

Statistical analysis

Analysis of variance was performed using the ANOVA program in statistical package SAS JMP 12.1.0(SAS Institute inc., 2015). The effect of incubation time, treatment and their interactions were included in the model for NSP and SCFA concentrations in vitro. For the significant model (P <0.05), least squares means were isolated using Tukey-Kramer HSD test (P <0.05) provided in the analysis of variance model. For soluble xylose, NSP data or SCFA concentration, the major effects of treatment were tested and compared after in vitro fermentation using Tukey-Kramer test. Statistical analysis of 16S rRNA metagenomic data was treated in R using ANOVA (Ravn et al, 2017).

Microbiology data was analyzed in R using ampvis package v.1.9.1(Albertsen et al, 2015), which was built on top of R package DESeq2(Love et al, 2014) for detection of different abundance species. If the adjusted p-value is below 0.05, the OUT is considered to be significantly different.

For Beta diversity analysis, the dissimilarity index was calculated using the vegdist function and the bra method in vegan package (Oksanen et al, 2015). The variance was analyzed by permutation multivariate analysis using adonis in vegan package.

Results

NSP assay

GH30 was analyzed for solubilization of the NSP component of corn fiber, including soluble (DP >10) and insoluble sugar moieties (table 1). The enzyme significantly increased (P <0.05) the soluble arabinoxylan moieties (measured as arabinose and xylose after acid hydrolysis of the soluble fraction). Arabinoxylan solubilization is also reflected in a significant reduction in insoluble NSP (P < 0.05). Also the solubilization of rhamnogalacturonan structures (measured as rhamnose and galactose after acid hydrolysis of the soluble fractions) was significantly increased (P < 0.05).

Table 1 average individual NSP content in soluble and insoluble fractions (g/kg DM), their total content and the content after incubation with GH30 on corn fiber (g/kg DM) (n ═ 3)

Table 2 shows the in vitro SCFA yields (mM) from 24 and 48 hour cecal fermentations of corn fiber at 37 ℃, incubated without or with 10ppm GH30(n ═ 3) using cecal broiler content as inoculum, as performed in example 1. In vitro cecal fermentation of corn fiber supplemented with GH30 significantly increased (P <0.05) certain SCFAs, especially butyrate (table 2). Due to the higher overall solubility of GH30 for GAX, GH30 treatment showed increased butyrate formation by 3.8mM over the control, as shown in table 1.

¹SEM is standard error of the average sum of 24 hours and 48 hours. abc: the mean values within columns that do not share a common letter are significantly different (P)<0.05; Tukey-Kramer HSD) (n ═ 3). Two time points were tested.

SEC of oligomers present in corn fiber supernatant incubated with GH30

Pools I (22-30), II (31-39), III (40-53), IV (55-59) and V (60-70) were fractionated by SEC, as shown in FIG. 1. The average size of the fractions corresponds approximately to: and (4) pool I: 10-30 kDa; and (4) pool II: 4-10 kDa; and (3) pool III: 1-4kDa, pool IV: 100 and 500 Da. And (4) pool V: <100 Da. The peak of the high UV signal (280nm) matches the RI signal, indicating that the oligomer contains light absorbing compounds.

In vitro fermentation

Corn fiber with or without added GH30 was fermented with an inoculum of mixed cecal contents from two 29 day old broilers to study SCFA production. GH30 significantly increased butyrate levels after 24 and 48 hours (P <0.05), and significantly increased total SCFA after 48 hours (P < 0.05). Addition of GH30 also significantly reduced (P <0.05) branched SCFA compared to control. No detectable lactic acid was present in the sample.

The isolated AXOS fraction (pools I-IV) was fermented in combination with an inoculum of mixed cecal contents from two 29 day old broilers to investigate the production of SCFA affected by AXOS size. After 24 hours and 48 hours, pools I-III significantly increased (P <0.05) total SCFA production compared to pool IV. Pool II produced significantly higher butyrate (P <0.05) at 24 hours and numerically higher butyrate after 48 hours compared to the other pools. The pond V is not included in the fermentation due to too little material mass.

Microbiota composition analysis

In addition to the differential abundance analyzed with Deseq2, samples were diluted prior to analysis.

Alpha diversity analysis

The effect on alpha diversity (shannon index) was analyzed by ANOVA. Analysis showed that the shannon index was significantly correlated with enzyme treatment (p value < 0.001). The boxplot of the shannon index is shown in fig. 2.

Beta diversity analysis

Beta diversity was analyzed using a weighted Unifrac index. The effect of treatment on beta diversity was studied with the replacement manova (adonis from vegetarian diet package). Beta diversity was found to be not significantly associated with enzyme treatment (r 20.63p value 0.1). The association between beta diversity and treatment is shown in figure 3.

Differential abundance

The first 20 most abundant species were clustered with the hclust function in the R package. OTU counts were logarithmically transformed prior to clustering. Clustering is visualized by the heat map in fig. 4. The heatmap shows that the samples were clustered according to treatment. The heat map also shows that one bacteroides (OTU3) decreased and the other bacteroides (OTU5) increased after enzymatic treatment with GH 30.

Differential abundance analysis using Deseq2 showed a significant reduction in bacteroid species (OTU3) in all groups treated with xylanase. The abundance of three OTUs is shown in figure 5.

Sequence analysis of the two OTUs showed that OTU3 has 99% identity to the 16SrRNA sequence of Bacteroides xylanisolvens (Bacteroides xylanisolvens), while OTU5 has 100% identity to Bacteroides dorei/vulgatus.

FIG. 6 shows hierarchical clustering of the 10 most abundant genera. Abundance of genera was obtained by pooling all OTUs belonging to the same genus. Heat maps show an increase in faecal and bifidobacteria. Analysis of deseq2 showed that the increase in bifidobacteria was significant (P < 0.001). The relative abundance of fecal and bifidobacteria is shown in figure 7.

Microbiome analysis of fractions (I-IV)

No significant effect on alpha diversity was found between size-excluded fractions I-IV from GH30 supernatant. Beta diversity was analyzed using a weighted Unifrac index. The effect of score on beta diversity was studied with the replacement manova (adonis from vegetarian diet package). Beta-diversity was found to be significantly correlated between fractions I-III and IV (r 20.6p value 0.001). The association between beta diversity and treatment is shown in figure 8.

The first 20 most abundant species were clustered with the hclust function. OTU counts were logarithmically transformed prior to clustering. Clustering is visualized by the heatmap in fig. 9. The heat map shows that samples from fraction IV were pooled together.

Figure 10 shows the reduction of one species of bacillus (OTU3) while the increase of the other species of bacillus (OTU5, OUT15 and OTU10) is related to the supplementation of fraction IV.

Example 2

The GAX-specific glucuronoxylomanlase improved the performance and morphological intestinal health parameters of broiler chickens fed a corn/DDGS/soybean diet.

Materials and methods

Chickens were housed and euthanized according to Belgian animal welfare regulations (2010/63/EC).

Animal and diet

A total of 480 newly hatched male Ross-308 broilers were randomly divided into 16 pens, 30 chicks per pen, (8 pens per treatment group) and raised on solid floor paved with wood chips. The light schedule provided 18 hours of light/6 hours of dark cycle and 23 hours of light/1 hour of dark cycle on the first 4 days of the experiment. The room temperature of the stable is adjusted and optimized according to the requirements of the birds by means of a central heating system. All birds were fed the same corn-soybean based mash feed diet, as a feed supplemented or unsupplemented with SEQ ID NO 1. The diet (table 1) was formulated to meet the energy and digestible amino acid requirements of broiler chickens in two phases (the starter and growing phase, 0-7 days and 7-29 days, respectively).

Treatment of

Purified monocomponent glucuronoxylomanhydrolase (EC3.2.1.136) GH 30-8 species of SEQ ID NO 1 was obtained from Bacillus subtilis and expressed in Bacillus licheniformis). The enzyme dose used was 10 ppm. The enzyme was added to the diet in liquid form by spraying 1.5L of the diluted enzyme solution onto 30kg of the ground corn premix. The premix was stored in plastic bags at 4 ℃ until finally mixed into the powdered feed to reach a final concentration of 2ml/kg feed, corresponding to a feed enzyme concentration of 10 ppm/kg.

Sample and data collection

Feed intake and body weight were obtained at pen level on days 7, 14, 21 and 29. On days 14 and 29, 5 chickens per pen were euthanized and weighed individually. Jejunal chyme and cecal chyme (both ceca) were collected from the proximal jejunum to the merkel diverticulum and snap frozen in liquid nitrogen. Epithelium of the duodenal ring was obtained and fixed in 4% formaldehyde solution (containers,Ax-lab,Denmark,http://www.axlab.dk/)。

Avian gut flora imbalance and inflammation scoring

Immediately after euthanasia, an experienced veterinarian performed a macro-scoring of each bird. The parameters of the intestinal dysbacteriosis of each chicken were scored at 0-10. 0 is normal gastrointestinal tract and 10 is the most severe dysbacteriosis (teirlyck et al.2011). In summary, the parameters scored were (1) more than all intestinal distension; (2) intestinal serosal/mucosal side inflammation/marked redness; (3) the intestinal wall is fragile; (4) bowel wall relaxation/thickness; (5) abnormal content; (6) undigested feed. See the detailed description of teirlyck et al (2011).

In vitro cecum fermentation

For in vitro fermentation, by using a mixture comprising alpha-amylase (A)Novozymes, Denmark) and with protease(s) ((II)Novozymes, Denmark) to obtain corn fiber. Fiber analysis showed that the material contained 36.4% crude fiber, 2.55% starch, 37.5% protein, 9.8% fat and 4.6% ash, approximately 110.5g/kg xylose. Preparation of dilutions in anoxic sterile Moura medium (low nutrient medium) as described in Moura et al (2007) and modified according to De Maesschalck et al (2015)Corn fiber slurry (1% w/v). The fermentation pH was adjusted to 6.5 before the samples were placed in the anaerobic cabinet. The cecal components of 29-day-old broilers were mixed and diluted 10-fold with Moura medium, from which 150 μ l was added to corn fiber with a final culture volume of 15ml to achieve 1000-fold dilution of the cecal components. The fermentations were incubated at 37 ℃ for 48 hours with or without SEQ ID NO 1,2 or 3 at an enzyme dose of 10 ppm. Fermentation supernatants were sampled after 6, 24 and 48 hours and stored at-20 ℃ until analysis. All fermentations were performed in triplicate and the fermentation experiments were repeated twice on different days.

Analytical procedure

Such as(1994) And quantifying the concentration of the SCFA in the cecal contents of the broilers and the in-vitro cecal fermentation supernatant by using a gas chromatography. Samples were thawed and centrifuged before mixing approximately 100mg of cecal contents or 200 μ l of in vitro fermentation supernatant with 200 μ l MeOH and 10% HCOOH. Lactic acid was quantified by HPLC (Dionex, USA) using a RezexRoA column (Phenomenex, Denmark) and RI detector, and the sample was then treated with 5mM H₂SO₄Dilute to obtain linearity on RI detector.

Jejunal chyme samples were divided into two equal portions, one for freeze drying and one for liquid fractionation, then thawed and pooled through pens with 5 birds per pen per sampling point. The liquid fraction was performed by centrifugation (15 min, 4000rpm) at room temperature, and then the supernatant was harvested.

The nitrogen content is measured by a Dumas method (FP628 nitrogen analyzer, LECO company, USA); crude protein in the feed diet was determined by correcting the nitrogen concentration by 6.25.

According to the thander et al, (1995), diets from three pens per treatment and mixed freeze-dried jejunal chyme were analyzed for soluble and insoluble NSP. Each treatment was performed in triplicate (400 mg of each treatment was analyzed).

Content of jejunumThe viscosity of the liquid part of the material (supernatant) is measured in the ViPr (viscosity pressure) assay (Abel)&Pettersson, WO2011107472A, 2011). The supernatant (300. mu.l) was transferred to a 96-well microtiter plate (Nunc)^TMDenmark) and using HamiltonViscosity measurements were performed with a Starlet liquid processor (Hamilton, usa) (n 3). The liquid handle measures viscosity by pressure differential detected in a Hamilton pipette.

Confocal microscopy and immunocytochemistry

The immunolabeled jejunal chyme samples were subjected to Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) using CLSM SP2 microscopy (Leica, Heidelberg, germany) according to Ravn et al (2016). A 63x water immersion objective was used for all images. The images were processed in LAS AF Lite (Leica) software, with signals from the 543nm laser and the 488nm laser colored in red and green, respectively.

Immunolabeling of freeze-dried jejunal chyme was performed as follows: approximately 100mg of freeze-dried jejunal chyme was mixed with melted 2% agar and solidified at room temperature. Small square agar blocks were embedded in chyme, fixed, dehydrated, embedded in paraffin and sectioned (Ravn et al, 2016). Dewaxed sheets (4 μm) of chyme were labeled with antibodies by immunocytochemistry techniques (Ravn et al, 2016). Sections were blocked with skim milk and washed in PBS buffer, then incubated with 10-fold dilutions of skim milk in 1x PBS for 1 hour with LM27 and LM28 rat primary monoclonal antibody that specifically binds to the substituted AX region (cornelault et al, 2015). The samples were then incubated for 1.5 hours in a 300-fold dilution of anti-rat IgG conjugated to Alexa-555 fluorophore and washed in PBS buffer. A Citiflur AF1(Agar Scientific, UK) antifading agent was added to avoid bleaching of the fluorescence signal.

Morphological examination

The segment of duodenum taken at the site of the duodenal bulb was fixed in 4% formaldehyde solution: ( Ax-lab, denmark). Samples were dehydrated in xylene and a series of graded alcohols, embedded in paraffin and cut into 4 μm sections. The samples were deparaffinized, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and examined using a digital light microscope DM LB2(Leica, Heidelberg, germany) and a DFC 320 camera (Leica, Heidelberg, germany). The villus length of all samples was measured by randomly measuring 10 villi per duodenal section using the image analysis system LAS V4.0(Leica Application Suite V4).

CD3 Immunohistochemical examination of T cells

Deparaffinized sections of duodenum (3 samples per pen, total 24 per treatment) were prepared and immunolabeled by pressure Cooker antigen retrieval method (Tender Cooker; Nordic Ware, Minneapolis, MN, USA) using 10mM citrate buffer, pH 6. Immunohistochemical labeling of leukocytes was performed with antibodies specific for CD3 positive T cells using Dako CD3(a0452) (Dako, Glostrup, denmark). Sections were washed in Dako Autostainer + wash buffer, blocked with peroxidase reagent for 5 minutes, and then rinsed with Dako wash buffer. Sections were incubated with primary antibody for 30 min at room temperature and diluted 100-fold in Dako antibody diluent (S3022). Sections were washed again in Dako wash buffer and incubated with labeled polymer-hrp (dab) (K4011) for 30 minutes at room temperature. Sections were then washed twice with Dako wash buffer and Dako DAB + substrate and DAB + chromogen were added over 5 minutes. Stop staining, counterstain with hematoxylin for 10 min, and wash with running water for 1 min. The sections were dehydrated with xylene and a series of graded ethanol and mounted. Brown stained leukocytes were quantified by area percent using a color threshold application program in the image analysis system LAS v4.0 software (Leica).

DNA extraction and PCR for microbiota composition and qPCR analysis

Using Nucleospin 96 soil kit (Macherey-Nagel, Germany) and Genie-T vortexDNA of the bacterial total genome was extracted from cecal material by a gyrometer (Scientific Industries inc., usa). DNA was quantified using a fluorescent Qubit dsDNA HS detection kit (Invitrogen, USA) and 10-15ng of extracted DNA was used in a PCR reaction (25. mu.l) against the variable region of the 16S rRNA gene V3-V4. 10-15ng of the extracted DNA was used as a template (25. mu.l) for PCR reaction containing dNTPs (400nM each),hot Start II DNA polymerase HF (2mU), 1XHigh Fidelity buffer (New England Biolabs inc., usa) and barcode library adaptor (400nM) containing V3-4 specific primers: forward primer (341F) CCTACGGGNGGCWGCAG and reverse primer (805R): GACTACHVGGGTTATCTAATCC are provided. The PCR settings used were: initial denaturation at 98 ℃ for 2 min, 30 cycles, 98 ℃ for 30 sec, 52 ℃ for 30 sec, 72 ℃ for 30 sec, and final extension at 72 ℃ for 5 min.

Total bacteria and butyryl-coa: qPCR of acetate-CoA transferase Gene

Total bacterial count and butyrate-coa: the acetate-CoA transferase gene was quantified in three chickens per column (16 samples per treatment). The purified cecal DNA was diluted 100-fold to match the standard curve. The following primers Fwd were used: (5'-CGGYCCAGACTCCTACGGG-3') and Rev: (5'-TTACCGCG GCTGCGTGGCA-3') (Hopkins et al, 2005) determining the total number of bacteria. To quantitatively encode butyryl-coa: gene copy number of acetate-coa transferase, sense strand using primers: (5'-GCIGAICATTCACITGGAAYWSITGGCAYATG-3') and antisense strand: (5'-CCTGCCTTTGCAATRTCIACRAANGC-3') (Louis and fluid 2007). Each reaction was repeated three times in 12. mu.l of the total reaction mixture using a 2XSensiMix SYBR No-ROX mixture. Final primer concentrations were prepared and PCR cycles were performed as described by De Maesschalck et al (2015). Amplification and fluorophore detection were performed using a CFX384 Bio-Rad detection system (Bio-Rad, Nazareth-Eke, Belgium).

16S rRNA gene sequencing of caecum microbiota composition

Use ofAmpure XP bead protocol (Beckmann Coulter, USA) purified the amplicon library. The purified sequencing libraries were pooled and samples were paired-end sequenced (280bp x260bp reads, 8bp for double index) on MiSeq (Illumina, San Diego, CA) using MiSeq Reagent kit v3, 600 cycles (Illumina) according to standard guidelines for sample preparation and loading on MiSeq. Genomic DNA was added to overcome the low complexity problem common in amplicon samples. Bioinformatics was performed as described previously by Ravn et al (2017).

Statistical analysis

Statistical analysis of growth performance, chyme, morphology and in vitro fermentation data was performed using the analysis of variance multiple comparison and statistical software package SAS JMP. To compare two or more pairs, a Tukey-Kramer HSD model was used with a single pen as a determinant. For the length of the villus, the average of 10 villus of one bird was used as one data value. Statistical analysis of 16S rRNA metagenomic data was treated in R using ANOVA (Ravn et al, 2017).

Results

Performance of birds

Supplementation with SEQ ID NO 1 (table 2) had NO significant effect on feed intake. The total mortality rate was 5.0% in the control group (12 birds) and 5.4% in the GH30 treated group (13 birds) throughout the entire trial.

The body weight gain (BW) and in vivo weight gain (LWG) of GH30 supplementation were significantly increased (P <0.001) after 29 days (table 2). Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) generally decreased with GH30 supplementation (P <0.001, table 2).

TABLE 2 Effect of enzyme supplements on avian growth performance.

¹Standard error of SEM-mean. Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), Feed Intake (FI), body weight gain (BW) and Live Weight Gain (LWG) were calculated at four time intervals. Values are the average of 8 pens with 30 chickens (25 and 20 chickens after day 14 and 29, respectively).²P value: pairwise comparisons of mean values for control and enzyme supplementation (Tukey-Kramer HSD test) by days 8, 14, 21 and 29, respectively.

NSP of jejunal chyme of 29-day-old broiler chicken

In the jejunal chyme of birds supplemented with the GH30 enzyme of the invention (SEQ ID NO 1), insoluble NSP is significantly reduced (P < 0.05). The GH30 enzyme reduced total insoluble GAX compared to the control, as shown in table 3. Also, soluble NSP increased (P < 0.05). Interestingly, small amounts of soluble oligomers containing rhamnose (0.1g/kg DM), mannose (0.45g/kg) and galactose (3.5g/kg) also increased with GH30 supplementation (P < 0.05).

Viscosity of jejunal digestive juice

NO significant effect of enzyme supplementation on average jejunal chyme viscosity was observed (control 698.31Pa and SEQ ID NO 1 704.88 Pa).

Microscope (GAX solubilization)

A strong signal from maize GAX was observed in control jejunal chyme samples using LM27 and LM28 antibodies. In the chyme of chickens supplemented with SEQ ID NO 1, both antibody signals were reduced or completely disappeared.

Gut flora imbalance/inflammation score

As described by Teirlynck et al, (2011), supplementation with GXH did not significantly affect macroscopic dysbiosis scores. On day 14, the average macrodysbiosis scores for control and GH30 supplemented birds were 1.55 and 2.0 (full score 10), respectively. On day 29, the average macrodysbiosis scores for the control and the birds supplemented with SEQ ID NO 1 were 4.73 and 4.55, respectively.

Intestinal morphology

Addition of GH30 to the diet correlated with a significant increase in duodenal villus length (P <0.001) (table 4). Flock length increased 292.4 μm and 302.4 μm in 14 and 29 day old birds, respectively, with added GH30, compared to controls.

TABLE 4 influence of xylanase supplements on duodenal villus length

¹SEM is standard error of the mean. The 10 villi were randomly measured by a computer-based analysis system on each duodenal section of each sampled chicken.²P-value, comparison of control and enzyme supplementation method at day 14 and 29 (Tukey-Kramer HSD test).

Furthermore, the percentage of area infiltrated by CD 3T cells was significantly reduced (P <0.001) (table 5), indicating a lower level of inflammation in the xylanase-supplemented birds.

Table 5. effect of xylanase supplementation on duodenal CD 3T cell infiltration, quantified in area%.

¹SEM is standard error of the mean.²The percentage area of brown-stained CD 3T cells in villus tissue was quantified using the color threshold tool in LAS v.4 software (Leica). Tukey-Kramer HSD test was performed to compare all paired means between groups receiving non-supplemented and enzyme-supplemented diets (n-24).³P-value, comparison of control and enzyme supplementation method at day 14 and 29 (Tukey-Kramer HSD test).

16S rRNA analysis of microbiota composition

NO significant difference in relative abundance (%) of genera was observed between the control group and the SEQ ID NO 1 supplementation group (n ═ 40). However, an increase in numbers was observed in certain GH30 xylanase added lachnospiraceae, which are known butyrate producing bacteria (Hippe et al, 2011).

Butyrate-coenzyme a: qPCR analysis of acetate-CoA transferase genes

Upon addition of GH30 xylanase to the diet of 29 day old broilers, a butyryl-coa: the ratio between the acetate-coa transferase gene and the total amount of bacteria was significantly higher (P <0.0038) (fig. 11).

Concentration of SCFA in cecal contents

SCFA analysis of the cecal content showed a significant increase in butyrate (+3.57 μmol/g) in broiler chickens supplemented with SEQ ID NO 1(P <0.05) (table 6).

Table 6 SCFA concentration (μmol/g) (n ═ 24) (SEQ ID NO 1) in cecal contents of broilers supplemented and supplemented with diet GXH

¹SEM is standard error mean. ab: the mean values within columns that do not share a common letter are significantly different (P)<0.05；Tukey-Kramer HSD)(n＝24)。

Table 6 shows that acetate levels increased by more than 8%, butyrate levels increased by more than 30%, and overall SCFA levels increased by about 9%.

In vitro fermentation with cecal content for SCFA assays

Effect of GH30 on SCFA production inocula were tested by in vitro fermentation from mixed cecal contents of two 29 day old broilers (table 7). After 48 hours of anaerobic culture, addition of 10mg EP/kg of enzyme correlated with a significant increase in butyrate concentration (+4.1mM) (< 0.05), while propionic and valeric acids decreased significantly (< 0.01). No measurable lactic acid was present in the sample (data not shown).

Conclusion

The GAX-specific glucuronoxylomanlase improved the performance and morphological intestinal health parameters of broiler chickens fed a corn/DDGS/soybean diet. NSP, cecal SCFA, and in vitro fermentation data indicate that enzymes that are fermentable by the resident microbiota have high solubility for the prebiotic AXOS.

The invention is further defined by the following numbered paragraphs:

1. a method of increasing feed conversion ratio of an animal feed comprising corn comprising adding GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase to the animal feed.

2. A method for increasing the feed conversion ratio of a corn animal feed comprising adding GH30 glucuronoxylomanlysase to the corn animal feed

3. The method of paragraph 1, wherein the corn is fiber corn.

4. The method of any of paragraphs 1 to 3, wherein the feed further comprises corn DDGS.

5. The method of any of paragraphs 1 to 4, wherein the feed further comprises soybean meal.

6. The method according to any of paragraphs 1 to 5, wherein the feed comprises corn in an amount of 100 to 1000g/kg feed, such as 100 to 800g/kg feed, such as 200 to 600g/kg feed, such as 300 to 600g/kg feed.

7. The method of any of paragraphs 1 to 5, wherein the animal is a monogastric animal.

8. The method of any one of the preceding paragraphs, wherein the animal is selected from poultry and swine.

9. The method of any one of the preceding paragraphs, wherein the animal is a chicken.

10. The method according to any of the preceding paragraphs, wherein the animal feed comprises from 2 to 100ppm, such as from 2 to 50ppm, such as from 2 to 40ppm, such as from 2.5 to 25ppm, such as from 5 to 20ppm of GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase per kg of feed.

11. A method of increasing the feed conversion ratio of monogastric animals comprising the use of GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase in a corn-based animal feed.

12. A method for the in situ production of prebiotics in a corn-based animal feed comprising the use of GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase added to the feed.

13. The method of in situ generation of prebiotics of paragraph 11 wherein the prebiotics are arabinoxylan oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.

14. A method of reducing insoluble corn fraction in a corn-based animal feed comprising adding a GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase.

15. A method of improving gut health in a monogastric animal comprising administering to the animal an enzyme-enriched corn-based animal feed, wherein the animal feed comprises the enzyme GH30 glucuronoxylomohydrolase.

16. The method of paragraph 14, wherein the GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase degrades the non-starch polysaccharides of the corn to produce prebiotic oligomers and polymers, prebiotic oligomers, and polymers comprising arabinoxylan oligosaccharides.

17. A method for improving the intestinal health of monogastric animals by in situ production of arabinoxylan oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.

18. A method for the in situ production of prebiotics in a monogastric animal comprising administering to the animal an enzyme-enriched corn-based animal feed, wherein the animal feed comprises the enzyme GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase.

19. A method of improving gut health in a monogastric animal, the method comprising increasing in situ levels of cecal butyrate levels in the animal the method comprising administering to the animal an enzyme-enriched corn-based animal feed, wherein the animal feed comprises the enzyme GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase.

20. A method of improving gut health in a monogastric animal, the method comprising altering the microbiota composition of the animal by administering to the animal an enzyme-enriched corn-based animal feed, wherein the animal feed comprises the enzyme GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase.

21. The method according to paragraph 19, wherein the microbiota composition of the animal is altered, at least, bacteroides levels are reduced and lachnospiraceae and/or ruminococcaceae levels are increased.

22. A method of feeding an animal comprising administering to the animal an enzyme-enriched corn-based animal feed, wherein the animal feed comprises the enzyme GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase.

23. A method of eliciting a butyrate producing effect in a monogastric animal comprising administering to said animal an enzyme-enriched corn-based animal feed, wherein said animal feed comprises the enzyme GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase.

24. A method of making an animal feed comprising corn comprising adding GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase to the animal feed.

25. A method of increasing the feed efficiency of a corn-based animal feed comprising adding to the animal feed a GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase.

26. A method of increasing the nutritional digestibility of monogastric animals, comprising administering to the animals an enzyme-enriched corn-based animal feed, wherein the animal feed comprises the enzyme GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase.

27. The method of any of paragraphs 1 to 25, wherein the GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase is derived from bacillus subtilis.

28. An enzyme-enriched animal feed comprising a GH30 glucuronoxylomaccase and corn, wherein the feed comprises corn in an amount of 100 to 1000g/kg feed and GH30 glucuronoxylomaccase in an amount of 2 to 100ppm/kg feed.

Use of GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase in the preparation of an enzyme-enriched animal feed, wherein the animal feed is a corn-based animal feed.

30. The enzyme-enriched animal feed of paragraph 27, the use of paragraph 28, or the method of any of paragraphs 1 to 26, wherein the GH30 glucuronoxylomohydrolase (EC3.2.1.136) is GH30 — 8 glucuronoxylomohydrolase.

31. The enzyme-enriched animal feed of paragraph 27, the use of paragraph 28, or the method of any of paragraphs 1 to 26, wherein the GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase is a polypeptide having a xylanase activity selected from the group consisting of:

31. The enzyme-enriched animal feed of paragraph 27, the use of paragraph 28, or the method of any of paragraphs 1 to 26, wherein the GH30 glucuronoxylomanhydrolase comprises, or consists essentially of, or consists of SEQ ID NO 1, SEQ ID NO 2, or SEQ ID NO 3.

32. The enzyme-enriched animal feed of paragraph 27, the use of paragraph 28, or the method of any of paragraphs 1 to 26, further comprising, adding, or administering one or more additional enzymes.

33. The enzyme-enriched animal feed, use or method according to paragraph 33, wherein the one or more additional enzymes are selected from phytases (EC3.1.3.8 or 3.1.3.26); xylanase (ec 3.2.1.8); galactanase (EC 3.2.1.89); α -galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.22); protease (EC 3.4); phospholipase a1(EC 3.1.1.32); phospholipase a2(EC 3.1.1.4); lysophospholipase (EC 3.1.1.5); phospholipase C (3.1.4.3); phospholipase D (EC 3.1.4.4); amylases, such as, for example, alpha-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1); arabinofuranosidase (EC 3.2.1.55); beta-xylosidase (EC 3.2.1.37); acetyl xylan esterase (EC 3.1.1.72); feruloyl esterase (EC 3.1.1.73); cellulase (EC 3.2.1.4); cellobiohydrolases (EC 3.2.1.91); beta-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21); pullulanase (EC 3.2.1.41), alpha-mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.24), mannanase (EC 3.2.1.25) and beta-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.4 or EC 3.2.1.6), or any mixture thereof.

34. The enzyme-enriched animal feed according to paragraph 27, the use according to paragraph 28, or the method according to any of paragraphs 1 to 26, further comprising, adding or administering one or more additional enzymes. One or more microorganisms, one or more vitamins, one or more minerals and/or one or more amino acids.

35. A method of improving gut health in a monogastric animal comprising feeding a corn-based feed to said animal, wherein said corn-based feed is enriched in GH30 glucuronoxylomanlase.

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