阅读说明：本技术 一种电导率均匀度高的铝合金及其制备方法和应用 (Aluminum alloy with high conductivity uniformity and preparation method and application thereof ) 是由 崔国昌 田尧 李旭 宋微 张云海 张明哲 于 2021-10-09 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及铝合金技术领域,具体涉及一种电导率均匀度高的铝合金及其制备方法和应用,所述铝合金的成分为：Si、Fe、Cu、Mn、Mg、Cr、Zn、Ni、Ti、Sn、Sb、Pb、Bi、Ga、V、Zr、C、B、单个杂质≤0.05wt％、合金杂质≤0.12wt％,余量为Al；所述制备方法包括铸造、均质、挤压、冷变形、淬火、拉伸、稳定化处理,所述铝合金可用于制备传感器壳体。采用本发明制备方法生产的铝合金具有高强、电导率值范围窄、加工成型性好、尺寸一致性好、尺寸精度高等优点,高速多刀具同时加工后无残余变形应力,钻孔铝屑碎断均匀、车削螺旋状铝屑不缠绕,作为传感器壳体使用,可有效保证勘探数据传输的准确性。(The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy, in particular to an aluminum alloy with high conductivity uniformity and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the aluminum alloy comprises the following components: si, Fe, Cu, Mn, Mg, Cr, Zn, Ni, Ti, Sn, Sb, Pb, Bi, Ga, V, Zr, C, B, less than or equal to 0.05 wt% of single impurity, less than or equal to 0.12 wt% of alloy impurity and the balance of Al; the preparation method comprises the steps of casting, homogenizing, extruding, cold deformation, quenching, stretching and stabilizing, and the aluminum alloy can be used for preparing the sensor shell. The aluminum alloy produced by the preparation method has the advantages of high strength, narrow conductivity value range, good processing formability, good size consistency, high size precision and the like, the high-speed multi-cutter simultaneously processed aluminum alloy has no residual deformation stress, the drilled aluminum chips are broken uniformly, and the turned spiral aluminum chips are not wound and are used as a sensor shell, so that the accuracy of exploration data transmission can be effectively ensured.)

1. The preparation method of the aluminum alloy with high conductivity uniformity is characterized in that the aluminum alloy with high conductivity uniformity comprises the following components in percentage by weight:

si: 0.1-0.6 wt%, Fe: 0.1 to 0.6 wt%, Cu: 3.0 to 5.5 wt%, Mn: 0.1 to 1.0 wt%, Mg: 1.0 to 2.2 weight percent, less than or equal to 0.1 weight percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.3 weight percent of Zn, less than or equal to 0.1 weight percent of Ni, less than or equal to 0.2 weight percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.2 weight percent of Sn, less than or equal to 0.2 weight percent of Sb, less than or equal to 0.2 weight percent of Pb, less than or equal to 0.2 weight percent of Bi, less than or equal to 0.05 weight percent of Ga, less than or equal to 0.05 weight percent of V, less than or equal to 0.1 weight percent of Zr, C: 0.001-0.005 wt%, B less than or equal to 0.05 wt%, single impurity less than or equal to 0.05 wt%, alloy impurity less than or equal to 0.12 wt%, and the balance of Al;

the preparation method comprises the following steps:

(1) casting: selecting 1120-purity aluminum ingots and 1120-purity molten aluminum for smelting, controlling the temperature of the smelted aluminum liquid to be 750-1000 ℃, adding elements of silicon, iron, copper, manganese, magnesium, chromium, tin, antimony, bismuth and zirconium to continue heating and melting when the temperature of the aluminum liquid reaches above 800 ℃, simultaneously starting an electromagnetic stirring device until all the added elements are melted, adding 2A12 cold burden and/or 2024 alloy cold burden for melting and cooling, refining at 750 ℃, slagging off and standing at 680-;

(2) homogenizing: the temperature of the homogenizing furnace is controlled at 450-500 ℃, the temperature is kept for 6-12 hours, and after the temperature is kept for the time, strong wind and water mist are added for cooling to the room temperature;

(3) extruding: firstly heating the ingot in a box-type heating furnace at the temperature of 300 plus or minus 350 ℃, thermally peeling off the ingot on line, rapidly heating the ingot in an induction furnace at the temperature of 490 plus or minus 10 ℃, discharging the ingot out of the induction furnace after reaching the temperature, rapidly cooling the ingot under strong wind and high speed wind, rapidly filling the ingot into an extrusion cylinder when the skin temperature of the ingot reaches 445 plus or minus 10 ℃, heating or preserving the temperature of the ingot by using the temperature of the extrusion cylinder at the temperature of 420 plus or minus 450 ℃, rapidly extruding the ingot at the extrusion speed of 5 plus or minus 0.3 m/min, and cooling the ingot by water penetration;

(4) cold deformation: tension stretching, wherein the stretching rate is 0.5-1.0%, heading and one-time over-mold stretching before quenching is carried out, and the stretching rate is 4.5-8.0%;

(5) quenching: sequentially heating in a vertical quenching furnace and water-cooling quenching;

(6) stretching: immediately carrying out secondary over-die cold drawing after quenching, wherein the drawing rate is 7-10.9%, and straightening;

(7) and (3) stabilizing treatment: the aluminum alloy is insulated for 18 to 24 hours at the temperature of 150 ℃ and 170 ℃.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy having high uniformity of conductivity comprises the following components in percentage by weight:

si: 0.38-0.5 wt%, Fe: 0.2 to 0.4 wt%, Cu: 4.5-5.5 wt%, Mn: 0.5 to 0.9 wt%, Mg: 1.5-2.0 wt%, Cr: 0.03 to 0.09 wt%, Zn: 0.15-0.25 wt%, Ni less than or equal to 0.1 wt%, Ti: 0.05 to 0.15 wt%, Sn: 0.005-0.015 wt%, Sb less than or equal to 0.2 wt%, Pb less than or equal to 0.2 wt%, Bi less than or equal to 0.2 wt%, Ga: 0.007-0.03 wt%, V is less than or equal to 0.05 wt%, Zr: 0.015 to 0.03 wt%, C: 0.001-0.005 wt%, B not more than 0.05 wt%, single impurity not more than 0.05 wt%, alloy impurity not more than 0.12 wt%, and the balance of Al.

3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step (2) employs a homogeneous temperature-raising method with a differential fast temperature-raising, and the instrument constant temperature is first set at 505-.

4. The preparation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heating temperature of the vertical quenching furnace in the step (5) is 490-500 ℃, and the temperature is maintained for 1-3 hours; and (5) water-cooling quenching, wherein the water temperature is room temperature.

5. The production method according to claim 1, wherein the straightening in the step (6) is performed by using a sixteen-roll precision straightening machine, and the straightness of the product after straightening is 0.3mm in the full length of 4 m.

6. The method of claim 1, further comprising inspecting the stabilized aluminum alloy.

7. An aluminum alloy produced by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. Use of the aluminium alloy of claim 7 for the production of a sensor housing.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy, in particular to an aluminum alloy with high conductivity uniformity and a preparation method and application thereof.

Background

The aluminum has rich content, and has the excellent characteristics of small density, light weight, corrosion resistance, no low-temperature brittleness, good electric and thermal conductivity, easy processing, simple smelting and the like, so the aluminum is widely applied. The application field of the aluminum alloy is further expanded by alloying strengthening and heat treatment strengthening, the state and the use direction of the aluminum alloy can be changed by adding various elements, and the aluminum alloy becomes a key structural member and a bearing member in the fields of aerospace, rail transit, ships, light weight of automobiles, mechanical manufacturing, precise parts and the like.

The shell structure of the sensor for transmitting the exploration data can also be made of aluminum alloy, but the conductivity uniformity of the aluminum alloy cannot be well controlled by the existing aluminum alloy production process, so that the accuracy of exploration data transmission is difficult to ensure by using the sensor made of the aluminum alloy shell.

Based on the above, it is necessary to provide an aluminum alloy with high uniformity of electrical conductivity, and a preparation method and applications thereof.

Disclosure of Invention

The aluminum alloy produced by the preparation method has the advantages of high strength, narrow conductivity value range, good processing formability, good size consistency, high size precision and the like, no residual deformation stress is generated after the high-speed multi-cutter is processed simultaneously, the drilled aluminum chips are broken uniformly, and the turned spiral aluminum chips are not wound and are used as a sensor shell, so that the accuracy of exploration data transmission can be effectively ensured.

In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing an aluminum alloy with high uniformity of conductivity, wherein the aluminum alloy with high uniformity of conductivity comprises the following components by weight:

si: 0.1-0.6 wt%, Fe: 0.1 to 0.6 wt%, Cu: 3.0 to 5.5 wt%, Mn: 0.1 to 1.0 wt%, Mg: 1.0 to 2.2 weight percent, less than or equal to 0.1 weight percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.3 weight percent of Zn, less than or equal to 0.1 weight percent of Ni, less than or equal to 0.2 weight percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.2 weight percent of Sn, less than or equal to 0.2 weight percent of Sb, less than or equal to 0.2 weight percent of Pb, less than or equal to 0.2 weight percent of Bi, less than or equal to 0.05 weight percent of Ga, less than or equal to 0.05 weight percent of V, less than or equal to 0.1 weight percent of Zr, C: 0.001-0.005 wt%, B less than or equal to 0.05 wt%, single impurity less than or equal to 0.05 wt%, alloy impurity less than or equal to 0.12 wt%, and the balance of Al;

the preparation method comprises the following steps:

(1) casting: selecting 1120-purity aluminum ingots and 1120-purity molten aluminum for smelting, controlling the temperature of the smelted aluminum liquid to be 750-1000 ℃, adding elements of silicon, iron, copper, manganese, magnesium, chromium, tin, antimony, bismuth and zirconium to continue heating and melting when the temperature of the aluminum liquid reaches above 800 ℃, simultaneously starting an electromagnetic stirring device, adding 2A12 and/or 2024 cold materials to melt and cool after all the added elements are melted, refining at 750 ℃ of 680-complement, slagging off, standing, and casting ingots at 712 ℃ of 680-complement;

(2) homogenizing: the temperature of the homogenizing furnace is controlled at 450-500 ℃, the ingot is homogenized at the overheated critical temperature point below the overburning temperature of the ingot, the bonding force of the crystal boundary is weakened, the temperature is kept for 6-12 hours, and the strong wind and water mist are cooled to the room temperature after the temperature is kept for the holding time;

(3) extruding: firstly heating an ingot in a box type heating furnace at the temperature of 300 plus or minus 350 ℃, thermally peeling off on line, rapidly heating the ingot in an induction furnace at the temperature of 490 plus or minus 10 ℃, discharging the ingot out of the induction furnace after reaching the temperature, rapidly cooling the ingot under strong wind and high speed wind, rapidly loading the ingot into an extrusion cylinder when the skin temperature of the ingot reaches 445 plus or minus 10 ℃, rapidly heating or preserving the temperature of the ingot by using the temperature of the extrusion cylinder at the temperature of 420 plus or minus 450 ℃, rapidly extruding the ingot at the extrusion speed of 5 plus or minus 0.3 m/min, cooling the ingot by passing water, ensuring the cooling speed of an extruded product, and preventing grains from growing up;

(4) cold deformation: tension stretching, wherein the stretching rate is 0.5-1.0%, heading and one-time overmoulding stretching before quenching is carried out, the stretching rate is 4.5-8.0%, so that the internal structure of a product is finer and more uniform, an outer-layer coarse crystal ring is easy to appear in the alloy, and the overmoulding stretching can crush coarse crystals on the surface layer, and crystal grains are finer;

(5) quenching: sequentially heating in a vertical quenching furnace and water-cooling quenching;

(6) stretching: immediately carrying out secondary over-die cold drawing after quenching, wherein the drawing rate is 7-10.9%, and straightening;

(7) and (3) stabilizing treatment: the aluminum alloy is insulated for 18 to 24 hours at the temperature of 150 ℃ and 170 ℃ to ensure high uniformity of the conductivity and small dispersion difference.

Further, the aluminum alloy with high conductivity uniformity comprises the following components in percentage by weight:

si: 0.38-0.5 wt%, Fe: 0.2 to 0.4 wt%, Cu: 4.5-5.5 wt%, Mn: 0.5 to 0.9 wt%, Mg: 1.5-2.0 wt%, Cr: 0.03 to 0.09 wt%, Zn: 0.15-0.25 wt%, Ni less than or equal to 0.1 wt%, Ti: 0.05 to 0.15 wt%, Sn: 0.005-0.015 wt%, Sb less than or equal to 0.2 wt%, Pb less than or equal to 0.2 wt%, Bi less than or equal to 0.2 wt%, Ga: 0.007-0.03 wt%, V is less than or equal to 0.05 wt%, Zr: 0.015 to 0.03 wt%, C: 0.001-0.005 wt%, B not more than 0.05 wt%, single impurity not more than 0.05 wt%, alloy impurity not more than 0.12 wt%, and the balance of Al.

And (2) further, sampling before the furnace after slagging off in the step (1), wherein the sampling point is five-point component analysis, standing after the components are qualified, and carrying out ingot casting.

Further, the step (2) adopts a homogeneous heating mode of differential fast heating, firstly, the instrument constant temperature is 505-.

Further, the heating temperature of the vertical quenching furnace in the step (5) is 490-500 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 1-3 hours; and (5) water-cooling quenching, wherein the water temperature is room temperature.

Further, in the step (6), a sixteen-roller precision straightening machine is used for straightening, and the straightness of the product with the full length of 4 m after straightening is 0.3 mm.

Further, the preparation method also comprises the step of detecting the aluminum alloy after the stabilization treatment, wherein the detection can be mechanical property, electrical property, surface roughness, size precision, ovality, aluminum scrap breakage, deformation size detection after destructive opening stress release and the like.

In a second aspect, the present invention provides an aluminum alloy produced by the above production method.

In a third aspect, the invention provides the use of an aluminium alloy produced by the above method for the manufacture of a sensor housing.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

according to the invention, the aluminum ingot, the molten aluminum, the added elements and the cold materials are designed according to the use requirements, so that the casting structure of the invention is more uniform, and the cast ingot grains are finer, thereby the extruded product structure is uniform, and the dimensional stability, consistency and conductivity consistency of the processed product are ensured.

By properly adding alloy elements, controlling the adding proportion of each element, eliminating the adverse effect of the elements and enabling the alloy to have the advantages of high strength, easy processing, bright surface, no deformation after processing caused by residual stress, good formability and high conductivity consistency through the interaction and coordination among the elements; the method mainly selects more outer-layer electrons in main group elements and transition group elements, so that the bonding force among atoms is relatively weakened, and the bonding force among metals is mainly based on ionic bonds, so that the atoms of a processed product have the bonding force between metal atoms and between metal atoms and nonmetal atoms, and the bonding force among crystal grains is relatively weakened, thereby obtaining the performance that the spiral aluminum scraps are not easy to wind during turning, and the longer spiral aluminum scraps can be broken before being wound; the metal with low melting point is selected, and the addition of each element is accurately calculated and tested, so that the processed product is easy to cut, the smoothness of the inner surface and the outer surface of the processed product is high, chips are easy to break during drilling, and the aluminum chips are broken uniformly.

Adding silicon and iron: silicon and iron are impurity elements of the alloy, a high proportion of silicon elements are difficult to dissolve in solid solution and are distributed in a matrix in the form of primary crystal silicon, so that the wear resistance of the alloy is improved, the processing performance is improved, a proper amount of iron can refine casting structure grains, and when the silicon and the iron exist in the matrix at the same time, the silicon and the iron have a strengthening effect, the smelting temperature is improved, and the solid solubility of the silicon and the iron is increased; meanwhile, the adverse effect of independently adding silicon and iron is reduced, when the proportion of silicon and iron is proper, the casting crack tendency is reduced, the hot formability is improved, and the uniformity of a solution is improved by starting an electromagnetic stirring device in the whole process.

Adding copper and magnesium: the alloy is a two-system based alloy, and the main elements are copper and magnesium, so that the strength, hardness and processability of the product can be improved;

adding lead, tin, antimony and bismuth: the processing performance is improved, meanwhile, the element melting point is low, and the heat energy generated by processing can break the metal bonds of the element with the low melting point, so that the effect of easy chip breaking is generated, the easy chip breaking is realized, and the aluminum chips are uniformly broken when multiple cutters are simultaneously processed;

adding transition elements of zirconium and vanadium, improving the recrystallization temperature of the ingot and the product, controlling the crystal grain growth, refining the crystal grain, and enabling the crystal grain to be finer and have high hardness through the combined action of two cold drawing processes, thereby enabling the product to have high surface roughness, luster and beauty;

adding manganese: the recrystallization temperature can be increased, the reduction of strength and hardness caused by the growth of crystal grains can be prevented, and the casting structure of the cast ingot is improved by using an AlTiC refiner instead of the conventionally used AlTiB, the crystal grains of the cast ingot are refined, the conductivity can be changed, and the conductivity is more uniform.

The tissue structure is changed through cold deformation, and the strength and the hardness of the product are improved; through stabilization treatment, the conductivity is stabilized in a narrow (0.2MS/m) range, and the accuracy of exploration data transmission is ensured; and residual stress in the product is eliminated, so that the destructive test size of the thin shell is kept unchanged in processing size.

The tensile strength of the produced product is not less than 480MPa, the yield strength is not less than 450MPa, the elongation is not less than 8%, the hardness is 140HB, and the conductivity is not less than 28.7-28.9MS/m, thereby completely meeting the standard requirement and being higher than the standard. The wall thickness after processing is 0.75 +/-0.01 mm, the ellipse before cutting is +/-0.001 mm after processing, the ellipticity after processing and cutting is 0.002-0.003mm, the surface roughness is 9 grades, and the weight is 0.263 +/-0.0012 g.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments or technical solutions in the prior art of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a photograph of the aluminum alloy sensor case of test example 2 without an opening.

Fig. 2 is a photograph of the aluminum alloy sensor case of test example 2 after opening.

Detailed Description

In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions in the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

An aluminum alloy with high conductivity uniformity comprises the following components in percentage by weight:

si: 0.4189 wt%, Fe: 0.2588 wt%, Cu: 4.6711 wt%, Mn: 0.7218 wt%, Mg: 1.6551 wt%, Cr: 0.0511 wt%, Zn: 0.1536 wt%, Ni: 0.0121 wt%, Ti: 0.05112 wt%, Sn: 0.0052 wt%, Sb: 0.03576 wt%, Pb: 0.01184 wt%, Bi: 0.0009 wt%, Ga: 0.00985 wt%, V: 0.01389 wt%, Zr: 0.00247 wt%, C: 0.0011 wt%, B: 0.00219 wt%, single impurity less than or equal to 0.05 wt%, alloy impurity less than or equal to 0.12 wt%, and the balance of Al;

the preparation method comprises the following steps:

(1) casting: selecting 1120-purity aluminum ingots and 1120-purity molten aluminum for smelting, controlling the temperature of the smelted aluminum liquid to be 750-900 ℃, adding silicon, iron, copper, manganese, magnesium, chromium, tin, antimony, bismuth and zirconium elements to continuously heat and melt when the temperature of the aluminum liquid reaches above 800 ℃, simultaneously starting an electromagnetic stirring device, adding 2A12 cold burden to melt and cool after the added elements are completely melted, refining at 750 ℃ of 680-plus materials, slagging off and sampling in front of the furnace, wherein the sampling point is five-point component analysis, the components are qualified, standing for 20 minutes, and casting ingots at 712 ℃ of 690-plus materials;

(2) homogenizing: controlling the temperature of a homogenizing furnace to be 460 +/-5 ℃, rapidly heating by adopting a difference value in a homogenizing heating mode, firstly keeping the constant temperature of an instrument at 505 ℃, continuously and rapidly heating, adjusting the constant temperature of the instrument to 460 ℃ when the temperature of the instrument reaches 460 ℃, then preserving heat for 8 hours, and cooling to room temperature by adding water mist through strong wind after reaching the heat preservation time;

(3) extruding: firstly, heating the ingot at the low temperature of 350 ℃ in a box-type heating furnace at 300-;

(4) cold deformation: tension stretching, wherein the stretching rate is 0.6 percent, heading and one-time over-mold stretching before quenching are carried out, and the stretching rate is 4.9 percent;

(5) quenching: heating and water-cooling quenching are carried out in a vertical quenching furnace in sequence, wherein the heating temperature of the vertical quenching furnace is 500 ℃, the temperature is kept for 1 hour, and the water-cooling quenching is carried out, wherein the water temperature is room temperature;

(6) stretching: immediately carrying out secondary over-mold cold drawing after quenching, wherein the drawing rate is 7.7 percent, and straightening by a sixteen-roller precision straightening machine, wherein the straightness of a product with the full length of 4 meters after straightening is 0.3 mm;

(7) and (3) stabilizing treatment: the aluminum alloy is kept warm for 24 hours at 140 plus or minus 5 ℃.

Example 2

An aluminum alloy with high conductivity uniformity comprises the following components in percentage by weight:

si: 0.4356 wt%, Fe: 0.3156 wt%, Cu: 4.7112 wt%, Mn: 0.7655 wt%, Mg: 1.732 wt%, Cr: 0.0651 wt%, Zn: 0.1754 wt%, Ni: 0.01313 wt%, Ti: 0.07512 wt%, Sn: 0.0072 wt%, Sb: 0.03482 wt%, Pb: 0.01192 wt%, Bi: 0.00092 wt%, Ga: 0.0095 wt%, V: 0.01375 wt%, Zr: 0.00241 wt%, C: 0.0031 wt%, B: 0.00195 wt%, single impurity less than or equal to 0.05 wt%, alloy impurity less than or equal to 0.12 wt%, and the balance of Al;

the preparation method comprises the following steps:

(1) casting: selecting 1120-purity aluminum ingots and 1120-purity molten aluminum for smelting, controlling the temperature of the smelted molten aluminum to be 830-plus-950 ℃, adding elements of silicon, iron, copper, manganese, magnesium, chromium, tin, antimony, bismuth and zirconium to continue heating and melting when the temperature of the molten aluminum reaches more than 830 ℃, simultaneously starting an electromagnetic stirring device, adding 2024 alloy cold materials to melt and cool after the added elements are completely melted, refining at 690-plus-750 ℃, slagging off and sampling in front of the furnace, wherein the sampling point is five-point component analysis, the components are qualified, standing for 20 minutes, and casting ingots at 688-plus 712 ℃;

(2) homogenizing: controlling the temperature of a homogenizing furnace to be 480 +/-5 ℃, quickly heating by adopting a differential value in a homogenizing heating mode, firstly, keeping the constant temperature of an instrument to be 515 ℃, continuously and quickly heating, adjusting the constant temperature of the instrument to be 480 ℃ when the temperature of the instrument reaches 480 ℃, then, preserving heat for 10 hours, and cooling to room temperature by adding water mist through strong wind after the temperature of the instrument reaches the preserving heat time;

(3) extruding: firstly, heating the ingot at the low temperature of 350 ℃ in a box-type heating furnace at 300-;

(4) cold deformation: tension stretching, wherein the stretching rate is 0.8 percent, heading and one-time over-mold stretching before quenching are carried out, and the stretching rate is 5.5 percent;

(5) quenching: sequentially heating in a vertical quenching furnace and water-cooling quenching, wherein the heating temperature of the vertical quenching furnace is 495 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2 hours, and performing water-cooling quenching, wherein the water temperature is room temperature;

(6) stretching: carrying out secondary over-die cold drawing immediately after quenching, wherein the drawing rate is 8.9 percent, and straightening by a sixteen-roller precision straightening machine, wherein the straightness of a product with the full length of 4 meters after straightening is 0.3 mm;

(7) and (3) stabilizing treatment: the aluminum alloy is kept at 150 +/-5 ℃ for 22 hours.

Example 3

An aluminum alloy with high conductivity uniformity comprises the following components in percentage by weight:

si: 0.4611 wt%, Fe: 0.356 wt%, Cu: 4.871 wt%, Mn: 0.8421 wt%, Mg: 1.7881 wt%, Cr: 0.0811 wt%, Zn: 0.2001 wt%, Ni: 0.0121 wt%, Ti: 0.152 wt%, Sn: 0.00932 wt%, Sb: 0.03532 wt%, Pb: 0.01182 wt%, Bi: 0.0009 wt%, Ga: 0.00983 wt%, V: 0.01382 wt%, Zr: 0.0241 wt%, C: 0.0015 wt%, B: 0.00208 wt%, single impurity less than or equal to 0.05 wt%, alloy impurity less than or equal to 0.12 wt%, and the balance of Al;

the preparation method comprises the following steps:

(1) casting: selecting 1120-purity aluminum ingots and 1120-purity molten aluminum for smelting, controlling the temperature of the smelted aluminum liquid to be 800-950 ℃, adding elements of silicon, iron, copper, manganese, magnesium, chromium, tin, antimony, bismuth and zirconium to continue heating and melting when the temperature of the aluminum liquid reaches above 850 ℃, simultaneously starting an electromagnetic stirring device, adding 2024 alloy cold materials to melt and cool after all the added elements are melted, refining at 700-750 ℃, slagging off and sampling in front of the furnace, wherein the sampling point is five-point component analysis, the components are qualified, standing for 20 minutes, and casting ingots at 694-712 ℃;

(2) homogenizing: controlling the temperature of a homogenizing furnace to be 500 +/-3 ℃, rapidly heating by adopting a differential value in a homogenizing heating mode, firstly, setting the temperature of an instrument to be 515 ℃, continuously and rapidly heating, adjusting the temperature of the instrument to be 500 ℃ when the temperature of the instrument reaches 500 ℃, then, preserving heat for 12 hours, and cooling to room temperature by adding water mist through strong wind after the temperature of the instrument reaches the preserving heat time;

(3) extruding: firstly, heating the ingot at the low temperature of 350 ℃ in a box-type heating furnace at 300-;

(4) cold deformation: tension stretching, wherein the stretching rate is 0.9 percent, heading and one-time over-mold stretching before quenching are carried out, and the stretching rate is 7.8 percent;

(5) quenching: heating and water-cooling quenching are sequentially carried out in a vertical quenching furnace, wherein the heating temperature of the vertical quenching furnace is 490 ℃, the temperature is kept for 3 hours, and water-cooling quenching is carried out, wherein the water temperature is room temperature;

(6) stretching: after quenching, secondary over-mold cold drawing is immediately carried out, the drawing rate is 9.5 percent, and the product is straightened by a sixteen-roller precision straightening machine, and the straightness of the straightened product with the full length of 4 meters is 0.3 mm;

(7) and (3) stabilizing treatment: the aluminum alloy is kept at 155 +/-5 ℃ for 18 hours.

Test example 1

The aluminum alloys produced in examples 1 to 3 were subjected to mechanical property, hardness, conductivity, surface roughness, dimensional accuracy, ovality, and aluminum scrap breakage tests, all of which were conducted according to the processing data of the American standard extruded products, and the results are shown in tables 1 and 2 below.

TABLE 1 test results of mechanical and electrical properties

TABLE 2 results of surface roughness, dimensional accuracy and workability test

Detecting items	Surface roughness	Dimensional accuracy	Ovality	Processability of chips	Long scrap workability
						Standard requirements	Grade not less than 9	±0.002mm	±0.002mm	Homogeneous crumb	Without winding
Test results	Grade not less than 9	±0.001mm	±0.001mm	Homogeneous crumb	Homogeneous crumb

Test example 2

The sensor shell is processed by using the aluminum alloy in the embodiment 1, deformation size detection is carried out after destructive opening stress is released, the standard deformation size is required to be less than or equal to 0.003mm, the sensor shell has no opening size of 23.973mm, the after-opening size of 23.975mm and the deformation size of 0.002mm, and the sensor shell meets the standard requirement.

Although the present invention has been described in detail by way of preferred embodiments, the present invention is not limited thereto. Various equivalent modifications or substitutions can be made on the embodiments of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and these modifications or substitutions are within the scope of the present invention/any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention.