阅读说明：本技术 一种铝合金线及其制备方法 (Aluminum alloy wire and preparation method thereof ) 是由 陈庆吟 侯嘉鹏 马恒 王强 韦一力 张哲峰 冯强 于 2020-12-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种铝合金线的制备方法,包括：将合金原料依次进行熔炼、浇铸、锻造、轧制、初期拉拔、时效和后期拉拔,得到铝合金线。本发明提供的方法制备得到的铝合金线为中强度高导电率的铝合金线,用于架空输电线路可以显著提高架空导线服役安全性,降低线路损耗,推动节能减排。本发明提供的铝合金线的制备方法具有操作简单,附加成本低等一系列优点,便于推广,应用前景广阔。本发明还提供了一种铝合金线。(The invention provides a preparation method of an aluminum alloy wire, which comprises the following steps: and sequentially smelting, casting, forging, rolling, drawing at the initial stage, aging and drawing at the later stage to obtain the aluminum alloy wire. The aluminum alloy wire prepared by the method provided by the invention is a medium-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy wire, and can be used for an overhead transmission line, so that the service safety of an overhead conductor can be obviously improved, the line loss is reduced, and the energy conservation and emission reduction are promoted. The preparation method of the aluminum alloy wire provided by the invention has a series of advantages of simple operation, low additional cost and the like, is convenient to popularize and has wide application prospect. The invention also provides an aluminum alloy wire.)

1. A method of making an aluminum alloy wire comprising:

and sequentially smelting, casting, forging, rolling, drawing at the initial stage, aging and drawing at the later stage to obtain the aluminum alloy wire.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the smelting is 700-800 ℃.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the casting obtained after casting has a diameter of 80 to 120mm and a height of 450 to 550 mm.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the forging process is performed at a start forging temperature of 450 to 550 ℃ and a finish forging temperature of 300 to 370 ℃;

and obtaining the aluminum alloy rod with the diameter of 40-50 mm after the forging.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the rolling method is cold rolling, and the aluminum alloy wire with the diameter of 9.0-12.0 mm is obtained after the rolling.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method of initial drawing is cold drawing; the initial drawing deformation is 30-50%.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the aging is 165 to 200 ℃ and the time of the aging is 2 to 8 hours.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the post-drawing process is cold drawing; the total deformation of the initial drawing and the later drawing is more than 85%.

9. An aluminum alloy wire produced by the method of claim 1.

10. The aluminum alloy wire of claim 9, wherein the composition of the aluminum alloy wire is:

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of high-strength and high-conductivity metal conductors, and particularly relates to an aluminum alloy wire and a preparation method thereof.

Background

With the rapid development of economy in China, the demand for electric power is increasing day by day. However, in China, the electric power production and consumption are unbalanced, the main coal power comes from the northwest, the main water power comes from the southwest, the main body of the electric power consumption is in the east, and long-distance power transmission is an important way for solving the problem of the unbalance of the electric power production and consumption. Therefore, the long-distance power transmission line is called as a 'main artery' of power energy transmission, and has strategic significance for national economic development to guarantee the safety and energy conservation of power energy transmission. The strength and the conductivity are important performance indexes of the overhead transmission conductor and are closely related to the safety performance and the energy-saving characteristic of the overhead transmission line.

The performance and the cost of the metal structure material are comprehensively considered, and aluminum alloy are metal conductor materials commonly used for long-distance overhead transmission lines. At present, the steel-cored aluminum stranded wire is a wire commonly used by high-voltage, ultrahigh-voltage and extra-high-voltage overhead transmission lines in China, the inner layer of the stranded wire is a high-strength steel wire, the outer layer of the stranded wire is an industrial pure aluminum wire, and the stranded wire is the overhead wire which is most widely applied in the world at present; the high-strength aluminum wire has the advantages that the high strength of the steel wire and the high conductivity of the industrial pure aluminum wire are combined, the structure is simple, and the production and the application are mature; the defects are that corrosion is easy to occur between the steel wire and the aluminum wire, and hysteresis loss and eddy current loss are generated in the power transmission process because the core part is the steel wire. In order to solve the problems of serious corrosion and hysteresis loss of the steel-cored aluminum strand, the high-strength aluminum alloy conductor is researched and developed worldwide and accumulates abundant experience, and the improvement of the service performance of the overhead conductor by replacing the steel-cored aluminum strand with the full-aluminum alloy strand prepared by the medium-strength aluminum alloy wire is one of the trends of the development of the field of the future overhead conductor.

Therefore, the improvement of the strength and the electric conductivity of the overhead aluminum wire is a performance index continuously pursued in the field of long-distance transmission conductor materials, and the improvement of the tensile strength and the electric conductivity of the medium-strength aluminum alloy wire improves the service safety and the energy-saving performance of the overhead transmission line.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention aims to provide an aluminum alloy wire and a preparation method thereof, and the aluminum alloy wire prepared by the method provided by the invention has better strength and conductivity, ensures the service safety of an overhead conductor and reduces the electric energy loss of a power transmission line.

The invention provides a preparation method of an aluminum alloy wire, which comprises the following steps:

and sequentially smelting, casting, forging, rolling, drawing at the initial stage, aging and drawing at the later stage to obtain the aluminum alloy wire.

Preferably, the smelting temperature is 700-800 ℃.

Preferably, the diameter of the cast obtained after casting is 80-120 mm, and the height of the cast is 450-550 mm.

Preferably, the initial forging temperature in the forging process is 450-550 ℃, and the final forging temperature is 300-370 ℃;

and obtaining the aluminum alloy rod with the diameter of 40-50 mm after the forging.

Preferably, the rolling method is cold rolling, and the aluminum alloy wire with the diameter of 9.5-12.0 mm is obtained after rolling.

Preferably, the method of the initial drawing is cold drawing; the initial drawing deformation is 30-50%.

Preferably, the aging temperature is 170-200 ℃, and the aging time is 2-8 hours.

Preferably, the post-drawing method is cold drawing; the total deformation of the initial drawing and the later drawing is more than 85%.

The invention provides an aluminum alloy wire prepared by the method in the technical scheme.

Preferably, the aluminum alloy wire comprises the following components:

the balance being Al.

The invention provides a safe and energy-saving preparation method of a medium-strength aluminum alloy wire. The invention combines cold drawing and aging process, adopts the flow of plastic deformation-aging treatment-plastic deformation to prepare the novel high-performance medium-strength aluminum alloy wire, firstly introduces defects into the aluminum alloy wire by controlling the cold drawing deformation, then carries out aging treatment on the aluminum alloy wire, induces alloy elements to be separated out to the maximum extent, and finally carries out cold drawing deformation to continuously improve the strength of the aluminum alloy wire, thereby obtaining the medium-strength aluminum alloy wire for overhead power transmission.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a process for manufacturing an aluminum alloy wire according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a transmission electron microscope photograph of an aluminum alloy wire after initial drawing in example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a transmission electron microscope photograph of the aluminum alloy wire precipitation phase after aging in example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a transmission electron microscope image of the interaction between the precipitated phase and the dislocation after the middle and later stage of the drawing in example 1 of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other examples, which may be modified or appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the examples given herein, are intended to be within the scope of the present invention. It should be understood that the embodiments of the present invention are only for illustrating the technical effects of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In the examples, the methods used were all conventional methods unless otherwise specified.

The process flow for preparing the aluminum alloy wire in the embodiment of the invention is shown in figure 1, and the invention provides a preparation method of the aluminum alloy wire, which comprises the following steps:

and sequentially smelting, casting, forging, rolling, drawing at the initial stage, aging and drawing at the later stage to obtain the aluminum alloy wire.

The alloy raw materials are not particularly limited, and the alloy raw materials for preparing the aluminum alloy, which are well known to those skilled in the art, can be adopted, and the alloy raw materials can be prepared according to the aluminum alloy wires with the pre-obtained components by the those skilled in the art.

In the invention, the smelting is preferably vacuum smelting, and the smelting is preferably carried out in a vacuum smelting furnace; the smelting temperature is preferably 700-800 ℃, more preferably 720-780 ℃, more preferably 740-760 ℃ and most preferably 750 ℃.

In the invention, the diameter of the cast ingot obtained by casting is preferably 80-120 mm, more preferably 90-110 mm, and most preferably 100 mm; the height of the ingot is preferably 450 to 550mm, more preferably 480 to 520mm, and most preferably 500 mm.

In the invention, the initial forging temperature in the forging process is preferably 450-550 ℃, more preferably 480-520 ℃, and most preferably 500 ℃; the finish forging temperature is preferably 300-370 ℃, more preferably 310-360 ℃, more preferably 320-350 ℃, and most preferably 330-340 ℃.

In the invention, an aluminum alloy rod with the diameter of 40-50 mm is preferably obtained after the forging is finished; the diameter of the aluminum alloy rod is preferably 42-48 mm, more preferably 44-46 mm, and most preferably 45 mm.

In the present invention, the method of rolling is preferably cold rolling; preferably obtaining an aluminum alloy rod with the diameter of 9.5-12 mm after rolling; the diameter of the aluminum alloy rod is preferably 10-11 mm, and more preferably 10.5 mm.

In the present invention, the method of the initial drawing is preferably cold drawing for plastic deformation; the deformation amount of the initial drawing is preferably 30 to 50%, more preferably 35 to 45%, and most preferably 40%; preferably, the aluminum alloy wire is obtained after the initial drawing.

In the invention, the aging temperature is preferably 170-200 ℃, more preferably 180-190 ℃, and most preferably 185 ℃; the time for aging is preferably 2 to 8 hours, more preferably 3 to 6 hours, and most preferably 4 to 5 hours.

In the present invention, the post-drawing method is preferably cold drawing; the total deformation amount of the initial drawing and the later drawing is preferably 85% or more, more preferably 85 to 95%, more preferably 90 to 95%, and most preferably 95%.

The invention provides an aluminum alloy wire prepared by the method in the technical scheme.

In the present invention, the composition of the aluminum alloy wire is preferably:

the balance being Al.

In the present invention, the mass content of Si is preferably 0.6 to 0.7%, more preferably 0.62 to 0.68%, more preferably 0.64 to 0.66%, and most preferably 0.65%; the mass content of Mg is preferably 0.62-0.68%, more preferably 0.64-0.66%, and most preferably 0.65%; the mass content of the Fe is preferably 0.22-0.28%, more preferably 0.24-0.26%, and most preferably 0.25%; the mass content of Cu is preferably 0.02-0.04%, and more preferably 0.03%; the mass content of Zn is preferably 0.01-0.04%, and more preferably 0.02-0.03%; the Ti content is preferably 0.001 to 0.008% by mass, more preferably 0.002 to 0.006% by mass, and most preferably 0.003 to 0.005% by mass.

The precipitated phase is an important microstructure of the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy wire and is closely related to the strength and the electric conductivity of the aluminum alloy wire; when the alloy elements are precipitated in the form of a nanometer precipitated phase, on one hand, the dislocation motion can be hindered, and the precipitation strengthening effect is achieved; on the other hand, the method can purify the matrix, reduce the lattice distortion of the matrix and improve the conductivity. Therefore, the process treatment for precipitating the alloy elements in the form of precipitated phases to the maximum extent is the key point for obtaining better matching of strength and conductivity of the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy wire. The cold drawing can introduce defects to improve the strength of the aluminum alloy wire, when the internal defects of the metal material are increased, more nucleation points can be provided for the precipitation of precipitated phases, and in addition, as the precipitated relative dislocation has a certain pinning effect, the higher-density dislocation can be introduced by carrying out plastic deformation on the aluminum alloy with the precipitated phases. The invention combines cold drawing and aging process, adopts the flow of plastic deformation-aging treatment-plastic deformation to prepare the novel high-performance medium-strength aluminum alloy wire, firstly introduces defects into the aluminum alloy wire by controlling the cold drawing deformation, then carries out aging treatment on the aluminum alloy wire, induces alloy elements to be separated out to the maximum extent, and finally carries out cold drawing deformation to continuously improve the strength of the aluminum alloy wire, thereby obtaining the medium-strength aluminum alloy wire for overhead power transmission.

Example 1

Preparing aluminum-magnesium-silicon metal liquid by adopting a vacuum smelting furnace, wherein the smelting temperature is 750 ℃, and obtaining an aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy cast ingot by casting, wherein the size of the cast ingot is 100mm in diameter and 500mm in height;

forging the prepared aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy ingot to obtain an aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy rod with the diameter of 40mm, wherein the initial forging temperature is 470 ℃, and the final forging temperature is 320 ℃;

performing cold rolling treatment on the prepared aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy rod to obtain an aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy rod with the diameter of 10.0 mm;

performing cold-drawing plastic deformation on the prepared aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy rod, drawing to a diameter of 4.5mm (the deformation amount is 79.75%), obtaining a drawn aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy wire, performing transmission electron microscope detection on the drawn aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy wire, wherein the detection result is shown in fig. 2, and as can be seen from fig. 2, dislocation with high density exists in the grain of the drawn aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy wire, so that a large number of nucleation points are provided for the precipitation of a second phase;

aging the obtained aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy wire in the drawing state at 175 ℃ for 4 hours to obtain an aged aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy wire, detecting the aged aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy wire by a transmission electron microscope, wherein the detection result is shown in fig. 3, and as can be seen from fig. 3, after the aging treatment of the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy wire in the drawing state, a large amount of precipitated phases with nanometer sizes are observed in the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy wire;

the aging aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy wire obtained by the above preparation is continuously subjected to cold drawing deformation to obtain an aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy wire (deformation amount is 91%) with a diameter of 3.0mm, and the transmission electron microscope detection is performed on the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy wire, and the detection result is shown in fig. 4, and it can be seen from fig. 4 that dislocations in the aluminum alloy wire interact with precipitation, and a large number of dislocations are entangled near the precipitation phase.

According to the G/T228.1-2010 metallic Material tensile test, part 1: room temperature test method the aluminum alloy wire prepared in example 1 of the present invention was subjected to tensile test detection; according to GB/T3048.4-2007 electric property test method of wires and cables, part 4: conductor direct current resistance test resistance detection was performed on the aluminum alloy wire prepared in example 1 of the present invention; as a result of the test, the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy wire prepared in example 1 of the present invention was 261.1MPa, and the electrical conductivity was as high as 59.4% IACS.

GB/T20975.25-2008 & lt & ltmethod for chemical analysis of aluminum and aluminum alloys part 25 & gt is adopted: inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry detects the components of the aluminum alloy wire prepared in the embodiment 1 of the present invention, and the detection result includes the following components: 0.56 wt% of Si, 0.70 wt% of Mg, 0.18 wt% of Fe, 0.02 wt% of Cu, 0.03 wt% of Zn and 0.01 wt% of Ti; the balance being Al.

Example 2

Preparing aluminum-magnesium-silicon metal liquid by adopting a vacuum smelting furnace, wherein the smelting temperature is 750 ℃, and obtaining an aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy cast ingot by casting, wherein the size of the cast ingot is 100mm in diameter and 500mm in height;

forging the prepared aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy ingot to obtain an aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy rod with the diameter of 40mm, wherein the initial forging temperature is 470 ℃, and the final forging temperature is 320 ℃;

performing cold rolling treatment on the prepared aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy rod to obtain an aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy rod with the diameter of 9.0 mm;

performing cold-drawing plastic deformation on the prepared aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy rod, drawing to a diameter of 5mm (the deformation is 69.14%), obtaining a drawn aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy wire, and continuing to perform aging treatment on the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy wire at the aging temperature of 165 ℃ for 6 hours to obtain an aged aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy wire; the aged aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy wire was further subjected to cold drawing deformation to obtain an aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy wire having a diameter of 3.0mm (deformation amount 88.89%).

The aluminum alloy wire produced in example 2 of the present invention was examined by the method of example 1; as a result of detection, the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy wire prepared in example 2 of the present invention was 255.6MPa, and the electrical conductivity was as high as 60.1% IACS.

The composition of the aluminum alloy wire manufactured in example 2 of the present invention was measured according to the method of example 1, and the measured results were that the composition was: 0.50 wt% of Si, 0.65 wt% of Mg, 0.12 wt% of Fe, 0.03 wt% of Cu, 0.02 wt% of Zn and 0.01 wt% of Ti; the balance being Al.

Example 3

Preparing aluminum-magnesium-silicon metal liquid by adopting a vacuum smelting furnace, wherein the smelting temperature is 700 ℃, and casting to obtain an aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy ingot with the diameter of 100mm and the height of 500 mm;

forging the prepared aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy ingot to obtain an aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy rod with the diameter of 40mm, wherein the initial forging temperature is 470 ℃, and the final forging temperature is 320 ℃;

performing cold rolling treatment on the prepared aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy rod to obtain an aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy rod with the diameter of 9.0 mm;

performing cold-drawing plastic deformation on the prepared aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy rod, and drawing to a diameter of 4.0mm (the deformation is 80.25%) to obtain a drawn aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy wire; continuing to perform aging treatment on the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy wire, wherein the aging temperature is 165 ℃, and the aging time is 5 hours, so as to obtain an aged aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy wire; the aged aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy wire was further subjected to cold drawing deformation to obtain an aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy wire having a diameter of 2.5mm (deformation amount 92.28%).

According to the method of the embodiment 1, the aluminum alloy wire prepared in the embodiment 3 of the present invention is tested, and the test result shows that the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy wire prepared in the embodiment 3 of the present invention is 270.5MPa, and the electric conductivity is as high as 59.1% IACS.

The aluminum alloy wire prepared in example 3 of the present invention was measured for its composition by the method of example 1, and the measured results were as follows: 0.55 wt% of Si, 0.72 wt% of Mg, 0.13 wt% of Fe, 0.02 wt% of Cu, 0.02 wt% of Zn and 0.02 wt% of Ti; the balance being Al.

The strength and the conductivity of the medium-strength aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy wire prepared by the method provided by the embodiment of the invention can ensure the service safety of an overhead transmission line, and simultaneously, the resistance of the transmission line is reduced, the line loss is reduced, and the electric energy is saved. In addition, the preparation method of the safe and energy-saving medium-strength aluminum alloy wire provided by the invention is simple to operate, easy to implement and beneficial to industrial large-scale popularization.

While only the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.