阅读说明：本技术 一种高强耐蚀铝合金的制备方法 (Preparation method of high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy ) 是由 唐开健 陈未荣 王超 李飞庆 李�亨 于 2020-12-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种高强耐蚀铝合金的制备方法,包括如下步骤：将原料熔化得到预熔料；向预熔料中加入精炼剂,充入氮气,调整氮气流量为1.0-1.85m～3/h,800-850℃精炼10-15min,除气,静置1-2h,继续精炼2-6min,得到精炼料；将精炼料经过滤箱过滤后铸造得到铝棒,其中铸造温度为700-750℃,铸造速度为40-60mm/min,冷却水量80-120L/min,500-540℃均质化处理2-4h,经6000t挤压机挤压,水冷至室温,得到预制型材；将预制型材升温至200-250℃,保温10-20h,降至室温得到高强耐蚀铝合金。(The invention discloses a preparation method of a high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps: melting the raw materials to obtain a pre-melted material; adding refining agent into the pre-melted material, charging nitrogen, and adjusting the nitrogen flow to 1.0-1.85m 3 Refining at 850 ℃ for 10-15min at 800-; filtering the refined material by a filter box, casting to obtain an aluminum rod, wherein the casting temperature is 700-750 ℃, the casting speed is 40-60mm/min, the cooling water amount is 80-120L/min, and the homogenization treatment is carried out at 540 ℃ for 2-4h, extruding by a 6000t extruder, and cooling to room temperature by water to obtain a prefabricated section; and heating the prefabricated section to 200-250 ℃, preserving the heat for 10-20h, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy.)

1. The preparation method of the high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

s1, melting the raw materials to obtain a pre-melted material, wherein the pre-melted material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.42 to 0.57 percent of Mn, 0.12 to 0.28 percent of Cr, 0.01 to 0.05 percent of Ti, 1.2 to 1.6 percent of Si, 0.12 to 0.28 percent of Cu, 0.15 to 0.25 percent of Mg, 0.01 to 0.02 percent of La, 0.001 to 0.008 percent of V and the balance of aluminum;

s2, adding a refining agent into the pre-molten material, wherein the mass ratio of the refining agent to the aluminum content in the pre-molten material is 0.1-0.5: 1000, filling nitrogen, and adjusting the nitrogen flow to be 1.0-1.85m³Refining at 850 ℃ for 10-15min at 800-;

s3, filtering the refined material through a filter box, casting to obtain an aluminum rod, wherein the casting temperature is 700-750 ℃, the casting speed is 40-60mm/min, the cooling water amount is 80-120L/min, the homogenization treatment is carried out at 540 ℃ for 2-4h, and the aluminum rod is extruded through a 6000t extruder, wherein the mold temperature is 400-450 ℃, the rod temperature is 500-540 ℃, the extrusion speed is 4-6m/min, the outlet temperature is 460-480 ℃, and the aluminum rod is cooled to room temperature through water to obtain a prefabricated section;

s4, heating the prefabricated section to 200 ℃ and 250 ℃, preserving the heat for 10-20h, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy.

2. The method for preparing a high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein in S1, the mass ratio of Mn element, Cr element and Ti element is 0.44-0.51: 0.16-0.24: 0.02-0.04.

3. The method for preparing a high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein in S1, Mn, Cr and Ti satisfy the following relationships:

100×n_Mn＝(100×n_Cr+0.07)²+500×n_Ti+0.25；

wherein n is_MnIs the mass percentage of Mn element in the pre-melting material, n_CrIs the mass percentage of Cr element in the pre-melting material, n_TiIs the mass percentage of Ti element in the pre-melting material.

4. The method for preparing the high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein in S2, the mass ratio of the refining agent to the aluminum content in the premelt is 0.2-0.4: 1000.

5. the method for preparing a high strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein in S2, the refining temperature is 820-840 ℃ and the refining time is 12-14 min.

6. The method for preparing the high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein in S2, the refining agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 25-35% of sodium chloride, 1-5% of calcium fluoride, 2-6% of cryolite, 1-2% of magnesium nitride, 1-2% of hexachloroethane, 0.1-0.15% of rare earth and the balance of potassium chloride.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the temperature of the homogenization treatment in S3 is 510-530 ℃, and the time of the homogenization treatment is 2.5-3.5 h.

8. The method for preparing the high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy as recited in claim 1, wherein in S4, the temperature of the prefabricated section is raised to 240 ℃ and maintained for 12-18 h.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy, in particular to a preparation method of high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy.

Background

The aluminum alloy is a general term of alloy taking aluminum as a matrix, main alloy elements comprise copper, silicon, magnesium, zinc and manganese, other alloy elements comprise nickel, iron, titanium, zirconium, scandium, silver, chromium, lithium and the like, and the aluminum alloy has the advantages of low density, high strength, good plasticity and the like and is widely applied to aviation, aerospace, automobiles, mechanical manufacturing, ships and chemical industries.

In recent years, with the rapid transformation and continuous development of the air force and navy in China, the significance of offshore area and offshore air control rights to the country is more and more important, so that the research and development tasks of novel airplanes adapted to offshore areas and marine combat climates are particularly urgent, under the background, more severe requirements are provided for the tensile strength and the yield strength of alloy materials, and the aluminum alloy serving as a main structural material of an airplane matrix must adapt to the change of the requirements. With the continuous development of aluminum alloy technology, various alloys with various purposes are developed at home and abroad. But when the aluminum alloy is used in seawater and marine complex environments, the requirements on the tensile property and the yield property of the aluminum alloy are high, and a solution is needed.

Disclosure of Invention

Based on the technical problems in the background art, the invention provides a preparation method of a high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy.

A preparation method of high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:

s1, melting the raw materials to obtain a pre-melted material, wherein the pre-melted material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.42 to 0.57 percent of Mn, 0.12 to 0.28 percent of Cr, 0.01 to 0.05 percent of Ti, 1.2 to 1.6 percent of Si, 0.12 to 0.28 percent of Cu, 0.15 to 0.25 percent of Mg, 0.01 to 0.02 percent of La, 0.001 to 0.008 percent of V and the balance of aluminum;

s2, adding a refining agent into the pre-molten material, wherein the mass ratio of the refining agent to the aluminum content in the pre-molten material is 0.1-0.5: 1000, filling nitrogen, and adjusting the nitrogen flow to be 1.0-1.85m³Refining at 850 ℃ for 10-15min at 800-;

s3, filtering the refined material through a filter box, casting to obtain an aluminum rod, wherein the casting temperature is 700-750 ℃, the casting speed is 40-60mm/min, the cooling water amount is 80-120L/min, the homogenization treatment is carried out at 540 ℃ for 2-4h, and the aluminum rod is extruded through a 6000t extruder, wherein the mold temperature is 400-450 ℃, the rod temperature is 500-540 ℃, the extrusion speed is 4-6m/min, the outlet temperature is 460-480 ℃, and the aluminum rod is cooled to room temperature through water to obtain a prefabricated section;

s4, heating the prefabricated section to 200 ℃ and 250 ℃, preserving the heat for 10-20h, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy.

Preferably, in S1, the mass ratio of Mn element, Cr element, and Ti element is 0.44 to 0.51: 0.16-0.24: 0.02-0.04.

Preferably, in S1, the Mn element, the Cr element, and the Ti element satisfy the following relationship:

100×n_Mn＝(100×n_Cr+0.07)²+500×n_Ti+0.25；

wherein n is_MnIs the mass percentage of Mn element in the pre-melting material, n_CrIs the mass percentage of Cr element in the pre-melting material, n_TiIs the mass percentage of Ti element in the pre-melting material.

Preferably, in S2, the mass ratio of the refining agent to the aluminum content in the pre-melting material is 0.2-0.4: 1000.

preferably, in S2, the refining temperature is 820-840 ℃ and the refining time is 12-14 min.

Preferably, in S2, the refining agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 25-35% of sodium chloride, 1-5% of calcium fluoride, 2-6% of cryolite, 1-2% of magnesium nitride, 1-2% of hexachloroethane, 0.1-0.15% of rare earth and the balance of potassium chloride.

Preferably, in S3, the homogenization temperature is 510-530 ℃, and the homogenization time is 2.5-3.5 h.

Preferably, in S4, the temperature of the prefabricated section is raised to 240 ℃ at 220 ℃ and the temperature is kept for 12-18 h.

The invention optimizes the components of the pre-melting material, improves the content of Mn element to more than 0.4 percent, reduces the content of Cr element to less than 0.28 percent, and reduces the content of Ti element to between 0.01 and 0.05 percent, and not only can effectively inhibit the increase of crystal grains by improving the crystallization temperature by Mn and matching with the refining temperature of 800-850 ℃, but also can effectively improve the tensile property of the aluminum alloy, but tests show that when the content of Cr, Ti and Mn does not meet 100 xn_Mn＝(100×n_Cr+0.07)²+500×n_Ti+0.25 relation, found the precipitate is inhomogeneous and thick in the metallographic structure, judge toughness and ductility performance poor from this, through adjusting Cr and Ti content range, the metallographic structure precipitate is tiny and even, is extruded through the extruder after the homogenization treatment, not only wall thickness is even, and dimensional accuracy is extremely high, can satisfy JISH4100 special grade strict requirement, and can accelerate each element in the section bar to disperse, impel the aluminium alloy to form more fine and stable microstructure, tensile and yield strength are extremely high, more be applicable to using in the sea water, marine complicated service environment.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples.

Example 1

A preparation method of high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:

s1, melting the raw materials to obtain a pre-melted material, wherein the pre-melted material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.4225% of Mn, 0.28% of Cr, 0.01% of Ti, 1.6% of Si, 0.12% of Cu, 0.25% of Mg, 0.01% of La, 0.008% of V and the balance of aluminum;

s2, adding a refining agent into the pre-molten material, wherein the mass ratio of the refining agent to the aluminum content in the pre-molten material is 0.1: 1000, filling nitrogen, and adjusting the nitrogen flow to be 1.85m³Refining for 15min at 800 ℃, degassing by using a degasser, transferring to a standing furnace, standing for 1h, and continuously refining for 6min to obtain a refined material;

the refining agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 25% of sodium chloride, 5% of calcium fluoride, 2% of cryolite, 1-2% of magnesium nitride, 1-2% of hexachloroethane, 0.1-0.15% of rare earth and the balance of potassium chloride;

s3, filtering the refined material through a filter box, casting to obtain an aluminum bar, wherein the casting temperature is 700-750 ℃, the casting speed is 60mm/min, the cooling water amount is 80L/min, homogenizing treatment is carried out at 540 ℃ for 2h, and the aluminum bar is extruded through a 6000t extruder, wherein the mold temperature is 450 ℃, the bar temperature is 500 ℃, the extrusion speed is 6m/min, the outlet temperature is 460 ℃, and water cooling is carried out to the room temperature to obtain a prefabricated section bar;

s4, heating the prefabricated section to 250 ℃, preserving heat for 10 hours, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy.

The high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy obtained in the embodiment is sprayed with a salt solution with a mass fraction of 5% for 72 hours, and then a performance test is performed, and the results are as follows: the tensile strength is 288Mpa, the yield strength is 238Mpa, and the elongation is 10%.

Example 2

A preparation method of high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:

s1, melting the raw materials to obtain a pre-melted material, wherein the pre-melted material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.5361% of Mn, 0.12% of Cr, 0.05% of Ti, 1.2% of Si, 0.28% of Cu, 0.15% of Mg, 0.02% of La, 0.001% of V and the balance of aluminum;

s2, adding a refining agent into the pre-molten material, wherein the mass ratio of the refining agent to the aluminum content in the pre-molten material is 0.5: 1000, nitrogen is filled in, and the flow rate of the nitrogen is adjusted to be 1.0m³Refining for 10min at 850 ℃, degassing by using a degasser, transferring to a standing furnace, standing for 2h, and continuously refining for 2min to obtain a refined material;

the refining agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 35% of sodium chloride, 1% of calcium fluoride, 6% of cryolite, 1% of magnesium nitride, 2% of hexachloroethane, 0.1% of rare earth and the balance of potassium chloride;

s3, filtering the refined material through a filter box, casting to obtain an aluminum bar, wherein the casting temperature is 750 ℃, the casting speed is 40mm/min, the cooling water amount is 120L/min, homogenizing treatment is carried out for 4h at 500 ℃, and the aluminum bar is extruded through a 6000t extruder, wherein the mold temperature is 400 ℃, the bar temperature is 540 ℃, the extrusion speed is 4m/min, the outlet temperature is 480 ℃, and water cooling is carried out to room temperature to obtain a prefabricated section bar;

s4, heating the prefabricated section to 200 ℃, preserving heat for 20 hours, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy.

The high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy obtained in the embodiment is sprayed with a salt solution with a mass fraction of 5% for 72 hours, and then a performance test is performed, and the results are as follows: the tensile strength is 283Mpa, the yield strength is 240Mpa, and the elongation is 11%.

Example 3

A preparation method of high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:

s1, melting the raw materials to obtain a pre-melted material, wherein the pre-melted material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: mn 0.4461%, Cr 0.24%, Ti 0.02%, Si 1.5%, Cu 0.16%, Mg 0.22%, La 0.013%, V0.007%, and the balance of aluminum;

s2, adding a refining agent into the pre-molten material, wherein the mass ratio of the refining agent to the aluminum content in the pre-molten material is 0.2: 1000, nitrogen is filled in, and the flow rate of the nitrogen is adjusted to be 1.60m³Refining for 14min at 820 ℃, degassing by using a degasser, transferring to a standing furnace, standing for 1.3h, and continuously refining for 5min to obtain a refined material;

the refining agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 28% of sodium chloride, 4% of calcium fluoride, 3% of cryolite, 1.7% of magnesium nitride, 1.2% of hexachloroethane, 0.14% of rare earth and the balance of potassium chloride;

s3, filtering the refined material through a filter box, casting to obtain an aluminum bar, wherein the casting temperature is 720 ℃, the casting speed is 55mm/min, the cooling water amount is 90L/min, homogenizing treatment is carried out at 530 ℃ for 2.5h, and the aluminum bar is extruded through a 6000t extruder, wherein the mold temperature is 440 ℃, the bar temperature is 510 ℃, the extrusion speed is 5.5m/min, the outlet temperature is 465 ℃, and cooling to room temperature through water to obtain a prefabricated section bar;

s4, heating the prefabricated section to 240 ℃, preserving heat for 12 hours, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy.

The high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy obtained in the embodiment is sprayed with a salt solution with a mass fraction of 5% for 72 hours, and then a performance test is performed, and the results are as follows: the tensile strength is 295Mpa, the yield strength is 244Mpa, and the elongation is 13%.

Example 4

A preparation method of high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:

s1, melting the raw materials to obtain a pre-melted material, wherein the pre-melted material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.5029% of Mn, 0.16% of Cr, 0.04% of Ti, 1.3% of Si, 0.24% of Cu, 0.18% of Mg, 0.017% of La, 0.003% of V and the balance of aluminum;

s2, adding a refining agent into the pre-molten material, wherein the refining agent and the pre-molten material contain aluminumIs 0.4: 1000, nitrogen is filled in, and the flow rate of the nitrogen is adjusted to be 1.25m³Refining at 840 ℃ for 12min, degassing by using a degasser, transferring to a standing furnace, standing for 1.7h, and continuously refining for 3min to obtain a refined material;

the refining agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 32% of sodium chloride, 2% of calcium fluoride, 5% of cryolite, 1.3% of magnesium nitride, 1.8% of hexachloroethane, 0.12% of rare earth and the balance of potassium chloride;

s3, filtering the refined material through a filter box, casting to obtain an aluminum bar, wherein the casting temperature is 740 ℃, the casting speed is 45mm/min, the cooling water amount is 110L/min, homogenizing treatment is carried out at 510 ℃ for 3.5h, and the aluminum bar is extruded through a 6000t extruder, wherein the mold temperature is 410 ℃, the bar temperature is 530 ℃, the extrusion speed is 4.5m/min, the outlet temperature is 475 ℃, and water cooling is carried out to the room temperature to obtain a prefabricated section bar;

s4, heating the prefabricated section to 220 ℃, preserving heat for 18h, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy.

The high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy obtained in the embodiment is sprayed with a salt solution with a mass fraction of 5% for 72 hours, and then a performance test is performed, and the results are as follows: the tensile strength is 291MPa, the yield strength is 251MPa, and the elongation is 14%.

Example 5

A preparation method of high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:

s1, melting the raw materials to obtain a pre-melted material, wherein the pre-melted material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.4729% of Mn, 0.2% of Cr, 0.03% of Ti, 1.4% of Si, 0.2% of Cu, 0.2% of Mg, 0.015% of La, 0.005% of V and the balance of aluminum;

s2, adding a refining agent into the pre-molten material, wherein the mass ratio of the refining agent to the aluminum content in the pre-molten material is 0.3: 1000, nitrogen is filled in, and the flow rate of the nitrogen is adjusted to be 1.45m³Refining at 830 ℃ for 13min, degassing by using a degassing machine, transferring to a standing furnace, standing for 1.5h, and continuously refining for 4min to obtain a refined material;

the refining agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30% of sodium chloride, 3% of calcium fluoride, 4% of cryolite, 1.5% of magnesium nitride, 1.5% of hexachloroethane, 0.13% of rare earth and the balance of potassium chloride;

s3, filtering the refined material through a filter box, casting to obtain an aluminum bar, wherein the casting temperature is 730 ℃, the casting speed is 50mm/min, the cooling water amount is 100L/min, homogenizing treatment is carried out for 3h at 520 ℃, and the aluminum bar is extruded through a 6000t extruder, wherein the mold temperature is 425 ℃, the bar temperature is 520 ℃, the extrusion speed is 5m/min, the outlet temperature is 470 ℃, and water cooling is carried out to room temperature to obtain a prefabricated section bar;

s4, heating the prefabricated section to 230 ℃, preserving heat for 15h, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy.

The high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy obtained in the embodiment is sprayed with a salt solution with a mass fraction of 5% for 72 hours, and then a performance test is performed, and the results are as follows: the tensile strength is 296Mpa, the yield strength is 255Mpa, and the elongation is 15%.

The traditional aluminum profile adopts the same test conditions, and the performance results are as follows: tensile strength of 248Mpa, yield strength of 206Mpa and elongation of 7%.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.