阅读说明：本技术 一种Al-Cu-Mg铝合金线材及其制备方法 (Al-Cu-Mg aluminum alloy wire and preparation method thereof ) 是由 李德贵 王海彬 张晶 付金来 赵扬 侯良友 张宇婷 谢新伟 于 2020-12-22 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种Al-Cu-Mg铝合金线材及其制备方法,涉及铝合金线材制备技术领域。本发明的目的是要解决现有铝合金线材由于塑性较差导致在镦制铆钉生产过程中出现开裂情况的问题。方法：将原料熔炼,得到铝合金熔液；将铝合金熔液铸造得到铸棒,锯切,去皮,得到铝合金铸锭；将铝合金铸锭进行均匀化退火,然后加热,再挤压得到铝合金线材；将铝合金线材进行中间退火,最后将中间退火后的铝合金线材通过拉伸模具以40％～42％的变形率进行冷拉,得到Al-Cu-Mg铝合金线材。本发明可获得一种Al-Cu-Mg铝合金线材及其制备方法。(An Al-Cu-Mg aluminum alloy wire and a preparation method thereof relate to the technical field of aluminum alloy wire preparation. The invention aims to solve the problem that the existing aluminum alloy wire is poor in plasticity to cause cracking in the upsetting rivet production process. The method comprises the following steps: smelting the raw materials to obtain an aluminum alloy melt; casting the molten aluminum alloy to obtain a cast rod, sawing and peeling to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot; carrying out homogenization annealing on the aluminum alloy cast ingot, then heating, and extruding to obtain an aluminum alloy wire; and (3) performing intermediate annealing on the aluminum alloy wire, and finally performing cold drawing on the aluminum alloy wire subjected to intermediate annealing at a deformation rate of 40-42% through a drawing die to obtain the Al-Cu-Mg aluminum alloy wire. The invention can obtain an Al-Cu-Mg aluminum alloy wire and a preparation method thereof.)

1. An Al-Cu-Mg aluminum alloy wire is characterized by comprising the following elements in percentage by mass: 3.9 to 4.5 percent of Cu, 0.15 to 0.30 percent of Mg, 0.3 to 0.5 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of Zn and the balance of Al.

2. An Al-Cu-Mg aluminum alloy wire rod according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains the following elements in mass fraction: 4.1% of Cu, 0.19% of Mg, 0.45% of Mn, 0.13% of Si, 0.05% of Ti, 0.15% of Fe and 0.1% of Zn, and the balance being Al.

3. The method for producing an Al-Cu-Mg aluminum alloy wire according to claim 1, wherein the production method is carried out by the steps of:

(1) weighing: weighing pure copper ingots, pure magnesium ingots, aluminum-manganese alloy ingots, aluminum-silicon alloy ingots, aluminum-titanium-boron grain refiner, pure zinc ingots and pure aluminum ingots according to the mass fraction of 3.9-4.5% of Cu, 0.15-0.30% of Mg, 0.3-0.5% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.25% of Si, less than or equal to 0.15% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.2% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.1% of Zn and the balance of Al;

(2) smelting, casting, sawing and peeling: adding the pure copper ingot, the pure magnesium ingot, the aluminum-manganese alloy ingot, the aluminum-silicon alloy ingot, the aluminum-titanium-boron grain refiner, the pure zinc ingot and the pure aluminum ingot weighed in the step (1) into a smelting furnace, heating to 715-735 ℃, preserving the heat for 2-4 h at the temperature of 715-735 ℃, and then adopting Ar-Cl₂Refining the mixed gas, and standing for 20-30 min to obtain an aluminum alloy melt; casting the aluminum alloy melt under the conditions that the temperature is 710-730 ℃, the temperature of cooling water is 10-25 ℃, the strength of the cooling water is 0.05-0.08 MPa and the casting speed is 80-90 mm/min to obtain a cast rod; sawing the casting rod, and removing oxide skin on the surface to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot;

(3) annealing, extrusion, intermediate annealing and stretching: homogenizing and annealing the aluminum alloy ingot in the step (2) at the temperature of 500-515 ℃ for 19-21 h, then placing the aluminum alloy ingot in a resistance heating furnace to heat to 320-400 ℃, then placing the aluminum alloy ingot in an aluminum alloy wire mold, and extruding the aluminum alloy ingot at the extrusion temperature of 350-400 ℃ and the extrusion speed of 0.01-0.08 mm/s to obtain an aluminum alloy wire; intermediate annealing the aluminum alloy wire at 390-410 ℃ for 2-2.5 h, and finally cold drawing the intermediate annealed aluminum alloy wire through a drawing die at a deformation rate of 40-42% to obtain the Al-Cu-Mg aluminum alloy wire.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein in the step (1), pure copper ingot, pure magnesium ingot, aluminum manganese alloy ingot, aluminum silicon alloy ingot, aluminum titanium boron grain refiner, pure zinc ingot and pure aluminum ingot are weighed to obtain a mass fraction of Cu of 4.1%, Mg of 0.19%, Mn of 0.45%, Si of 0.13%, Ti of 0.05%, Fe of 0.15%, and Zn of 0.1%, and the balance Al.

5. The method of claim 3, wherein the Al-Cu-Mg alloy wire is Al-12% Mn alloy and the Al-Si alloy ingot is Al-24% Si alloy.

6. The method for producing an Al-Cu-Mg aluminum alloy wire rod as recited in claim 3, wherein Ar-Cl is used in the step (2)₂Refining the mixed gas until the volume of hydrogen in every 100g of aluminum alloy melt is less than 0.2mL, and Ar-Cl₂Ar and Cl in mixed gas₂Is 20: 1.

7. the method for preparing the Al-Cu-Mg aluminum alloy wire rod as recited in claim 3, wherein in the step (3), the aluminum alloy ingot is subjected to the homogenizing annealing at the temperature of 510 ℃ for 20 hours.

8. The method for preparing an Al-Cu-Mg aluminum alloy wire according to claim 3, wherein the aluminum alloy wire in the step (3) is inter-annealed at a temperature of 400 ℃ for 2.5 hours.

9. The method of claim 3, wherein the aluminum alloy wire after the intermediate annealing is subjected to cold drawing at a deformation rate of 40% by a drawing die in the step (3).

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy wire preparation, in particular to an Al-Cu-Mg aluminum alloy wire and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The aluminum alloy material has wide application range, can be industrially applied to various fields such as buildings, electronic and electric appliances, transportation, aviation, aerospace and the like, is processed and manufactured into the aluminum alloy rivet for aerospace through the aluminum alloy rivet wire rod, and is used for connecting the aviation device of the riveted part by utilizing the deformation or interference of the aluminum alloy rivet.

At present, a special rivet is needed for a certain aviation product in China, and the tensile strength of an H14-state wire rod is 235-300 MPa; the tensile strength of the T6-state wire is not less than 380MPa, the specified non-proportional elongation strength is not less than 220MPa, the elongation after fracture is not less than 12%, and the shear strength meets 245-270 MPa. The performance indexes of the alloy produced at present in both H14 state and T6 state after heat treatment are higher and respectively reach more than 300MPa and 430MPa, but the plasticity is poor, so that the wire can crack in the upsetting rivet production process, and the application requirement of aeronautical products can not be met.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problem that the existing aluminum alloy wire is cracked in the production process of upsetting rivets due to poor plasticity, and provides an Al-Cu-Mg aluminum alloy wire and a preparation method thereof.

An Al-Cu-Mg aluminum alloy wire rod comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 3.9 to 4.5 percent of Cu, 0.15 to 0.30 percent of Mg, 0.3 to 0.5 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of Zn and the balance of Al.

A preparation method of an Al-Cu-Mg aluminum alloy wire rod comprises the following steps:

(1) weighing: weighing pure copper ingots, pure magnesium ingots, aluminum-manganese alloy ingots, aluminum-silicon alloy ingots, aluminum-titanium-boron grain refiner, pure zinc ingots and pure aluminum ingots according to the mass fraction of 3.9-4.5% of Cu, 0.15-0.30% of Mg, 0.3-0.5% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.25% of Si, less than or equal to 0.15% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.2% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.1% of Zn and the balance of Al;

(2) smelting, casting, sawing and peeling: adding the pure copper ingot, the pure magnesium ingot, the aluminum-manganese alloy ingot, the aluminum-silicon alloy ingot, the aluminum-titanium-boron grain refiner, the pure zinc ingot and the pure aluminum ingot weighed in the step (1) into a smelting furnace, heating to 715-735 ℃, preserving the heat for 2-4 h at the temperature of 715-735 ℃, and then adopting Ar-Cl₂Refining the mixed gas, and standing for 20-30 min to obtain an aluminum alloy melt; casting the aluminum alloy melt under the conditions that the temperature is 710-730 ℃, the temperature of cooling water is 10-25 ℃, the strength of the cooling water is 0.05-0.08 MPa and the casting speed is 80-90 mm/min to obtain a cast rod; sawing the casting rod, and removing oxide skin on the surface to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot;

(3) annealing, extrusion, intermediate annealing and stretching: homogenizing and annealing the aluminum alloy ingot in the step (2) at the temperature of 500-515 ℃ for 19-21 h, then placing the aluminum alloy ingot in a resistance heating furnace to heat to 320-400 ℃, then placing the aluminum alloy ingot in an aluminum alloy wire mold, and extruding the aluminum alloy ingot at the extrusion temperature of 350-400 ℃ and the extrusion speed of 0.01-0.08 mm/s to obtain an aluminum alloy wire; intermediate annealing the aluminum alloy wire at 390-410 ℃ for 2-2.5 h, and finally cold drawing the intermediate annealed aluminum alloy wire through a drawing die at a deformation rate of 40-42% to obtain the Al-Cu-Mg aluminum alloy wire.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

according to the Al-Cu-Mg aluminum alloy wire and the preparation method thereof, the mass fraction ratio of elements in alloy components is optimized, specifically, the content of Fe and Si impurities is controlled, the lower limit of the content of Cu and Mg is controlled, the content of Mn and Ti elements is properly increased, the grain structure of the wire can be refined, and the plasticity of the finished wire is improved; the extruded aluminum alloy wire is subjected to an optimized annealing process (500-515 ℃/19-21 h; 480-495 ℃/10h) obtained by multiple tests and then subjected to intermediate annealing, the most appropriate deformation rate (40-42 percent; 10-20 percent in the conventional process) obtained by repeatedly adjusting process parameters is adopted in the aluminum alloy wire stretching process, so that a more refined grain structure is obtained, and the aluminum alloy wire cannot generate large work hardening due to excessive deformation to further generate adverse influence on the subsequent rivet upsetting process. Through GB/T228 'test of room temperature tensile property of metal materials', the tensile strength of the wire in the H14 state is measured to reach 272 MPa; the tensile strength of the T6 state wire rod reaches 400MPa, the specified non-proportional elongation strength is 246MPa, and the elongation after fracture reaches 14%. The shear strength of the T6 state wire rod is measured to reach 262Mpa by GB/T3250 'test of aluminum and aluminum alloy rivet wire rod and rivet shear test method and rivet wire riveting test method'. In the process of carrying out subsequent upsetting processing on the rivet wire, the problem of wire upsetting cracking does not occur. The Al-Cu-Mg aluminum alloy wire rod not only meets the comprehensive performance requirements of special rivets required by aerospace products, but also effectively solves the problem that the aluminum alloy wire rod is cracked in upsetting processing due to too low strength and too high cold-drawing deformation rate caused by insufficient deformation rate.

The invention can obtain an Al-Cu-Mg aluminum alloy wire and a preparation method thereof.

Detailed Description

The first embodiment is as follows: the Al-Cu-Mg aluminum alloy wire rod according to the present embodiment contains the following elements in mass fraction: 3.9 to 4.5 percent of Cu, 0.15 to 0.30 percent of Mg, 0.3 to 0.5 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of Zn and the balance of Al.

According to the Al-Cu-Mg aluminum alloy wire rod, the content of Mn and Ti elements is properly increased by controlling the content of Fe and Si impurities and controlling the lower limit of the content of Cu and Mg, the grain structure of the wire rod can be refined, and the plasticity of the finished wire rod is improved.

The Ti and Zn elements are derived from the aluminum ingot and the intermediate alloy, and impurities in the range do not have adverse effects on the performance of the aluminum alloy wire.

The second embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment differs from the present embodiment in that: it contains the following elements in percentage by mass: 4.1% of Cu, 0.19% of Mg, 0.45% of Mn, 0.13% of Si, 0.05% of Ti, 0.15% of Fe and 0.1% of Zn, and the balance being Al.

Other steps are the same as those in the first embodiment.

The third concrete implementation mode: the preparation method of the Al-Cu-Mg aluminum alloy wire rod comprises the following steps:

(1) weighing: weighing pure copper ingots, pure magnesium ingots, aluminum-manganese alloy ingots, aluminum-silicon alloy ingots, aluminum-titanium-boron grain refiner, pure zinc ingots and pure aluminum ingots according to the mass fraction of 3.9-4.5% of Cu, 0.15-0.30% of Mg, 0.3-0.5% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.25% of Si, less than or equal to 0.15% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.2% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.1% of Zn and the balance of Al;

(2) smelting, casting, sawing and peeling: adding the pure copper ingot, the pure magnesium ingot, the aluminum-manganese alloy ingot, the aluminum-silicon alloy ingot, the aluminum-titanium-boron grain refiner, the pure zinc ingot and the pure aluminum ingot weighed in the step (1) into a smelting furnace, heating to 715-735 ℃, preserving the heat for 2-4 h at the temperature of 715-735 ℃, and then adopting Ar-Cl₂Refining the mixed gas, and standing for 20-30 min to obtain an aluminum alloy melt; casting the aluminum alloy melt under the conditions that the temperature is 710-730 ℃, the temperature of cooling water is 10-25 ℃, the strength of the cooling water is 0.05-0.08 MPa and the casting speed is 80-90 mm/min to obtain a cast rod; sawing the casting rod, and removing oxide skin on the surface to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot;

(3) annealing, extrusion, intermediate annealing and stretching: homogenizing and annealing the aluminum alloy ingot in the step (2) at the temperature of 500-515 ℃ for 19-21 h, then placing the aluminum alloy ingot in a resistance heating furnace to heat to 320-400 ℃, then placing the aluminum alloy ingot in an aluminum alloy wire mold, and extruding the aluminum alloy ingot at the extrusion temperature of 350-400 ℃ and the extrusion speed of 0.01-0.08 mm/s to obtain an aluminum alloy wire; intermediate annealing the aluminum alloy wire at 390-410 ℃ for 2-2.5 h, and finally cold drawing the intermediate annealed aluminum alloy wire through a drawing die at a deformation rate of 40-42% to obtain the Al-Cu-Mg aluminum alloy wire.

The beneficial effects of the embodiment are as follows:

according to the Al-Cu-Mg aluminum alloy wire and the preparation method thereof, the mass fraction ratio of elements in alloy components is optimized, specifically, the content of Fe and Si impurities is controlled, the lower limit of the content of Cu and Mg is controlled, the content of Mn and Ti elements is properly increased, the grain structure of the wire can be refined, and the plasticity of the finished wire is improved; the extruded aluminum alloy wire is subjected to an optimized annealing process (500-515 ℃/19-21 h; 480-495 ℃/10h) obtained by multiple tests and then subjected to intermediate annealing, the most appropriate deformation rate (40-42 percent; 10-20 percent in the conventional process) obtained by repeatedly adjusting process parameters is adopted in the aluminum alloy wire stretching process, so that a more refined grain structure is obtained, and the aluminum alloy wire cannot generate large work hardening due to excessive deformation to further generate adverse influence on the subsequent rivet upsetting process. Through GB/T228 'test of room temperature tensile property of metal materials', the tensile strength of the wire in the H14 state is measured to reach 272 MPa; the tensile strength of the T6 state wire rod reaches 400MPa, the specified non-proportional elongation strength is 246MPa, and the elongation after fracture reaches 14%. The shear strength of the T6 state wire rod is measured to reach 262Mpa by GB/T3250 'test of aluminum and aluminum alloy rivet wire rod and rivet shear test method and rivet wire riveting test method'. In the process of carrying out subsequent upsetting processing on the rivet wire, the problem of wire upsetting cracking does not occur. The Al-Cu-Mg aluminum alloy wire rod of the embodiment not only meets the comprehensive performance requirement of special rivets required by aerospace products, but also effectively solves the problem that the aluminum alloy wire rod is cracked in upsetting processing due to too low strength and too high cold-drawing deformation rate caused by insufficient deformation rate.

The fourth concrete implementation mode: the third difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is: in the step (1), pure copper ingots, pure magnesium ingots, aluminum-manganese alloy ingots, aluminum-silicon alloy ingots, aluminum-titanium-boron grain refiner, pure zinc ingots and pure aluminum ingots are weighed according to the mass fractions of 4.1% of Cu, 0.19% of Mg, 0.45% of Mn, 0.13% of Si, 0.05% of Ti, 0.15% of Fe and 0.1% of Zn, and the balance of Al.

The other steps are the same as those in the third embodiment.

The fifth concrete implementation mode: the third or fourth difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is: the aluminum-manganese alloy ingot is Al-12% Mn alloy, and the aluminum-silicon alloy ingot is Al-24% Si alloy.

The other steps are the same as those of the third or fourth embodiment.

The sixth specific implementation mode: the third to fifth embodiments are different from the first to fifth embodiments in that: Ar-Cl is adopted in the step (2)₂Refining the mixed gas until the volume of hydrogen in every 100g of aluminum alloy melt is less than 0.2mL, and Ar-Cl₂Ar and Cl in mixed gas₂Is 20: 1.

the other steps are the same as those in the third to fifth embodiments.

The seventh embodiment: the third to sixth differences from the present embodiment are as follows: and (3) carrying out homogenizing annealing on the aluminum alloy ingot for 20 hours at the temperature of 510 ℃.

The other steps are the same as those in the third to sixth embodiments.

The specific implementation mode is eight: the third to seventh differences from the present embodiment are as follows: and (3) carrying out intermediate annealing on the aluminum alloy wire for 2.5h at the temperature of 400 ℃.

The other steps are the same as those of the third to seventh embodiments.

The specific implementation method nine: the third to eighth differences from the present embodiment are: and (4) performing cold drawing on the aluminum alloy wire subjected to intermediate annealing at a deformation rate of 40% through a drawing die in the step (3).

This embodiment is through accurate control cold drawing deformation rate, has effectively avoided the aluminum alloy wire rod because of the intensity that the deformation rate leads to inadequately crosses the work hardening that leads to with the cold drawing deformation rate is too high to the condition that the fracture appears in the production upset processing.

The other steps are the same as those in the third to eighth embodiments.

The following examples were used to demonstrate the beneficial effects of the present invention:

example 1: a preparation method of an Al-Cu-Mg aluminum alloy wire rod comprises the following steps:

(1) weighing: weighing a pure copper ingot, a pure magnesium ingot, an aluminum-manganese alloy ingot, an aluminum-silicon alloy ingot, an aluminum-titanium-boron grain refiner, a pure zinc ingot and a pure aluminum ingot according to the mass fractions of 4.1% of Cu, 0.19% of Mg, 0.45% of Mn, 0.13% of Si, 0.05% of Ti, 0.15% of Fe and 0.1% of Zn, and the balance of Al; the aluminum-manganese alloy ingot is Al-12% Mn alloy, and the aluminum-silicon alloy ingot is Al-24% Si alloy.

(2) Smelting, casting, sawing and peeling: adding the pure copper ingot, the pure magnesium ingot, the aluminum-manganese alloy ingot, the aluminum-silicon alloy ingot, the aluminum-titanium-boron grain refiner, the pure zinc ingot and the pure aluminum ingot weighed in the step (1) into a smelting furnace, heating to 735 ℃, preserving heat for 4 hours at the temperature of 735 ℃, and then adopting Ar-Cl₂Refining the mixed gas until the volume of hydrogen in every 100g of aluminum alloy melt is less than 0.2mL, standing for 25min to obtain aluminum alloy melt, Ar-Cl₂Ar and Cl in mixed gas₂Is 20: 1; casting the aluminum alloy melt under the conditions that the temperature is 725 ℃, the temperature of cooling water is 25 ℃, the strength of the cooling water is 0.08MPa and the casting speed is 90mm/min to obtain a casting rod with the diameter of 172 mm; and sawing the cast rod to a fixed length to obtain a plurality of sections of cast rods with the length of 600mm, and then removing oxide skins on the surfaces of the sections of cast rods to obtain aluminum alloy cast ingots with the diameter of 162 mm.

(3) Annealing, extrusion, intermediate annealing and stretching: homogenizing and annealing the aluminum alloy ingot in the step (2) at 510 ℃ for 20h, then placing the aluminum alloy ingot in a resistance heating furnace to heat to 390 ℃, then placing the aluminum alloy ingot in an aluminum alloy wire mold, and extruding the aluminum alloy ingot at the extrusion temperature of 390 ℃ and the extrusion speed of 0.03mm/s to obtain an aluminum alloy wire with phi 10.5 mm; and (3) performing intermediate annealing on the aluminum alloy wire rod for 2.5 hours at the temperature of 400 ℃, and finally performing cold drawing on the aluminum alloy wire rod subjected to intermediate annealing at the deformation rate of 40% through a drawing die to obtain the Al-Cu-Mg aluminum alloy rivet wire rod.

The Al-Cu-Mg aluminum alloy rivet wire prepared by the embodiment is an H14 aluminum alloy rivet wire, the wire has good physical dimension and surface quality, good formability in industrial production and improved comprehensive mechanical property, and the tensile strength of the H14 wire is measured to reach 272MPa through GB/T228 'test of metal material room temperature tensile property test method'; the tensile strength of the T6 state wire rod reaches 400MPa, the specified non-proportional elongation strength is 246MPa, and the elongation after fracture reaches 14%. The shear strength of the T6 state wire rod is measured to reach 262Mpa by GB/T3250 'test of aluminum and aluminum alloy rivet wire rod and rivet shear test method and rivet wire riveting test method'. In the process of carrying out subsequent upsetting processing on the rivet wire, the problem of wire upsetting cracking does not occur.