阅读说明：本技术 沉井式叠合剪力墙地下车库及其建造方法 (Open caisson type superposed shear wall underground garage and construction method thereof ) 是由 侯和涛 杜志浩 韩翔 李海洋 孙冰 于 2020-12-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种沉井式叠合剪力墙地下车库及其建造方法,属于建筑领域。其包括由叠合剪力墙围成的外墙,外墙内设置有多层叠合梁和框架柱,叠合剪力墙上设置有扶壁柱,叠合剪力墙、扶壁柱、多层叠合梁和框架柱连接为一体结构,一体结构通过沉井式施工下沉至地下指定标高；最底层的叠合梁上通过现浇混凝土的方式形成钢筋混凝土底板,其他层的叠合梁上设置有混凝土叠合楼板并浇筑有混凝土。本发明各预制构件质量轻,运输和吊装方便、成本低,节省模板,施工速度更快；沉井法施工避免大面积开挖基坑,减少土方开挖量,免基坑支护,降低了施工对周围环境、居民生活以及其他建筑物的影响,在已有建筑物的区域、筑物之间建造地下车库有明显的优势。(The invention discloses an open caisson type superposed shear wall underground garage and a construction method thereof, and belongs to the field of buildings. The composite shear wall is characterized by comprising an outer wall formed by a composite shear wall in a surrounding mode, wherein a plurality of layers of composite beams and frame columns are arranged in the outer wall, buttress columns are arranged on the composite shear wall, the buttress columns, the plurality of layers of composite beams and the frame columns are connected into an integral structure, and the integral structure is sunk to an underground specified elevation through open caisson type construction; the bottom-most superposed beams form a reinforced concrete bottom plate in a concrete cast-in-place mode, and superposed beams on other layers are provided with concrete superposed floor slabs and are poured with concrete. The prefabricated components are light in weight, convenient to transport and hoist, low in cost, capable of saving templates and high in construction speed; the open caisson method construction avoids large-area excavation of foundation pits, reduces the earth excavation amount, avoids foundation pit support, reduces the influence of construction on the surrounding environment, resident life and other buildings, and has obvious advantages in building underground garages in the areas and among buildings of the existing buildings.)

1. A sinking well type superposed shear wall underground garage is characterized by comprising an outer wall formed by superposed shear walls, wherein a plurality of layers of frame beams and frame columns positioned between the plurality of layers of frame beams are arranged in the outer wall;

the multi-layer frame beams are superposed beams, the frame columns are prefabricated columns, a reinforced concrete bottom plate is formed on the frame beam at the bottommost layer in a concrete cast-in-place mode, and concrete superposed floor slabs are arranged on the frame beams at other layers and concrete is poured on the frame beams.

2. The open caisson type superposed shear wall underground garage of claim 1, wherein the number of the frame beams is more than or equal to three.

3. The open caisson type superposed shear wall underground garage of claim 1 or 2, wherein the superposed shear wall comprises an inner leaf plate, an outer leaf plate and reinforced concrete components which are positioned at the lower parts of the inner leaf plate and the outer leaf plate and are integrally arranged with the inner leaf plate and the outer leaf plate, a connecting member is arranged between the inner leaf plate and the outer leaf plate, grooves are formed in the inner sides of the reinforced concrete components, the bottom of each reinforced concrete component is of a blade foot structure, and angle steel is wrapped at the bottom end of each blade foot structure.

4. The open caisson type composite shear wall underground garage of claim 3, wherein the concrete composite floor slab at the topmost layer is a channel type concrete composite floor slab, and the concrete composite floor slabs at other layers are prestressed concrete ribbed composite slabs.

5. The open-pit superposed shear wall underground garage of claim 4, wherein each layer of frame beams are crisscrossed in a grid pattern, and the frame columns are located at the crisscrossed points of the frame beams.

6. A method of constructing a sinking stacked shear wall underground garage according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising:

s1: hoisting the superposed shear wall at the bottommost layer in place and fixing, hoisting the frame beam at the bottommost layer in place, and hoisting the frame column in place and fixing according to the column network;

s2: installing a buttress column template between two adjacent superposed shear walls, hoisting a frame beam on the upper layer in place, pouring concrete between an inner leaf plate and an outer leaf plate of each superposed shear wall, in the buttress column template, at a connecting node of each superposed shear wall and the frame beam and at a connecting node of each frame column and the frame beam, and pouring the superposed shear walls, the buttress columns, the frame beams and the frame columns into an integrated structure;

s3: carrying out soil digging operation in the integrated structure to enable the integrated structure to sink to a layer of elevation under the action of self weight;

s4: judging whether the integrated structure sinks to a designated elevation or not, if not, hoisting the upper layer of the superposed shear wall in place and fixing, hoisting the frame column in place and fixing according to the column network, returning to S2, and if so, executing S5;

s5: and (4) sealing the bottom of the frame beam at the bottommost layer by cast-in-place concrete, hoisting the concrete laminated floor slab on the frame beams at other layers in place, and pouring concrete.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of buildings, in particular to an open caisson type superposed shear wall underground garage and a construction method thereof.

Background

With the enlargement of the urban scale and the improvement of the living standard of residents, the preservation quantity of family cars in cities is continuously increased, and the construction of underground garages becomes a trend due to the fact that the ground space of the cities is less and less. However, the existing underground garage construction method has various problems, particularly when the underground garage is constructed in the area of the existing building or among the buildings, the limitation of the surrounding buildings on the construction is very obvious, and a lot of difficulties are caused to the project progress, the project quality and the project later maintenance.

The current underground garage is mainly divided into the following types according to the construction mode:

1. underground garage with traditional cast-in-situ reinforced concrete structure

The traditional cast-in-place reinforced concrete underground garage construction scheme needs excavation of a foundation pit and support, support equipment cannot be recycled, reinforcement is bound on site, formwork cast-in-place concrete is supported, and concrete maintenance is carried out, so that the problems that the construction period is long, the cast-in-place pollution is large, the foundation pit excavation in a large area has large influence on the surrounding environment, the building and the life of residents and the like exist.

2. Assembled steel structure underground garage or assembled underground garage with steel piles

The steel structure seam of the assembled steel structure underground garage or the assembled underground garage with the steel piles has the defects, the seepage-proofing performance of the structure is affected, the steel structure is easy to rust, the durability is insufficient, and the rust-proofing cost is high.

3. Underground garage with prefabricated concrete structure

The components of the underground garage with the prefabricated concrete structure are completely prefabricated in a factory, the prefabricated reinforced concrete components are heavy, the transportation cost is high, the requirements for construction appliances for field hoisting are high, a foundation pit still needs to be excavated during construction, and a large amount of support is needed; when the underground garage is two-layer and more than two-layer, it wastes time and energy to connect from top to bottom between the precast concrete outer wall, and connection quality is difficult to guarantee, and water-proof effects is poor.

The open caisson is a shaft-shaped structure, and the open caisson technology is a construction method that an open caisson shaft is firstly manufactured on the ground surface, then earth is continuously dug from the open caisson under the enclosure of a well wall, so that the open caisson gradually sinks under the action of self weight, and after the preset elevation is reached, bottom sealing is carried out, and an internal structure is constructed. At present, the open caisson technology is mainly applied to the aspects of bridge piers, water taking pump rooms, required building foundations and the like, and the open caisson technology is not researched when applied to the construction of underground garages.

The superposed shear wall is formed by connecting two precast concrete wallboards through a steel bar truss, section steel or a steel plate strip and the like to form a member with a middle cavity, and after the superposed shear wall is installed and fixed on site, concrete is poured in the middle cavity to form the integral stressed superposed shear wall. At present, the technology of the superposed shear wall is applied to fabricated buildings, but the application of the superposed shear wall and the open caisson technology to the construction of underground garages is not researched.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a sunk well type superposed shear wall underground garage and a construction method thereof, wherein each prefabricated part has light weight, convenient transportation and hoisting, low cost, template saving and faster construction speed; the open caisson method construction avoids large-area excavation of foundation pits, reduces the earthwork excavation amount, avoids foundation pit support, and reduces the influence of construction on the surrounding environment, resident life and other buildings.

The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:

a sunk well type superposed shear wall underground garage comprises an outer wall formed by superposed shear walls, wherein a plurality of layers of frame beams and frame columns positioned between the plurality of layers of frame beams are arranged in the outer wall, a buttress column is arranged between every two adjacent superposed shear walls, the buttress columns, the plurality of layers of frame beams and the frame columns are connected into an integral structure, and the integral structure is sunk to an underground designated elevation through sunk well type construction;

the multi-layer frame beams are superposed beams, the frame columns are prefabricated columns, a reinforced concrete bottom plate is formed on the frame beam at the bottommost layer in a concrete cast-in-place mode, and concrete superposed floor slabs are arranged on the frame beams at other layers and concrete is poured on the frame beams.

Further, the number of layers of the frame beam is more than or equal to three.

Furthermore, the superposed shear wall comprises an inner blade plate, an outer blade plate and a reinforced concrete component which is positioned at the lower parts of the inner blade plate and the outer blade plate and is integrally arranged with the inner blade plate and the outer blade plate, a connecting member is arranged between the inner blade plate and the outer blade plate, a groove is formed in the inner side of the reinforced concrete component, the bottom of the reinforced concrete component is of a blade foot structure, and the bottom end of the blade foot structure is wrapped with angle steel.

Furthermore, the concrete composite floor slab at the topmost layer is a groove-shaped concrete composite floor slab, and the concrete composite floor slabs at other layers are prestressed concrete laminated slabs with ribs.

Furthermore, each layer of frame beams are crossed into a grid shape, and the frame columns are positioned at the crossed points of the frame beams.

A method for constructing the above-mentioned underground garage with open caisson type superposed shear walls, the method comprising:

s1: hoisting the superposed shear wall at the bottommost layer in place and fixing, hoisting the frame beam at the bottommost layer in place, and hoisting the frame column in place and fixing according to the column network;

s2: installing a buttress column template between two adjacent superposed shear walls, hoisting a frame beam on the upper layer in place, pouring concrete between an inner leaf plate and an outer leaf plate of each superposed shear wall, in the buttress column template, at a connecting node of each superposed shear wall and the frame beam and at a connecting node of each frame column and the frame beam, and pouring the superposed shear walls, the buttress columns, the frame beams and the frame columns into an integrated structure;

s3: carrying out soil digging operation in the integrated structure to enable the integrated structure to sink to a layer of elevation under the action of self weight;

s4: judging whether the integrated structure sinks to a designated elevation or not, if not, hoisting the upper layer of the superposed shear wall in place and fixing, hoisting the frame column in place and fixing according to the column network, returning to S2, and if so, executing S5;

s5: and (4) sealing the bottom of the frame beam at the bottommost layer by cast-in-place concrete, hoisting the concrete laminated floor slab on the frame beams at other layers in place, and pouring concrete.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

the composite shear wall is used as the outer wall of the garage, the frame columns and the composite beams are used as the inner frame of the garage, each prefabricated component has the advantages of light weight, low transportation cost, convenience in hoisting and the like, the inner leaf plates and the outer leaf plates of the composite shear wall are used as the templates and parts of the shear wall, the prefabricated parts of the composite beams and the concrete composite floor slab can be used as the templates, a large number of templates are not required on site when concrete is poured, the templates are saved, the cost is saved, the time and the labor are saved, and the construction speed is higher. And the open caisson method is used for construction, so that large-area excavation of a foundation pit is avoided, foundation pit support is avoided, the earthwork excavation amount is reduced, the influence of construction on the surrounding environment, resident life and other buildings is reduced, and particularly, the advantages are more obvious when an underground garage is built in the area of the existing building. The reinforced concrete bottom plate and the superimposed shear wall plate are integrally poured, so that the integrity is better, the connection is tighter, and the waterproof effect is better.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a plan view of the open caisson type composite shear wall underground garage of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a superposed shear wall;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the open caisson type superposed shear wall underground garage of the invention;

fig. 4-8 are schematic diagrams of the construction process of an underground garage of three-story structure.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description is given with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Example 1:

the embodiment of the invention provides a sunk well type superposed shear wall underground garage, which comprises an outer wall 1 enclosed by superposed shear walls 100, wherein multiple layers of frame beams 2 and frame columns 3 positioned between the multiple layers of frame beams 2 are arranged in the outer wall 1, buttress columns 4 are arranged between two adjacent superposed shear walls 100, the buttress columns 4, the multiple layers of frame beams 2 and the frame columns 3 are connected into an integral structure, and the integral structure sinks to an underground specified elevation through sunk well type construction.

The multi-layer frame beam 2 is a superposed beam, the frame column 3 is a prefabricated column, a reinforced concrete bottom plate 8 is formed on the frame beam at the bottommost layer in a concrete cast-in-place mode, and concrete superposed floor slabs 5 and 6 are arranged on the frame beams at other layers and are poured with concrete to form a top plate 9 or a middle floor slab 10.

The composite shear wall is used as the outer wall of the garage, the frame columns and the composite beams are used as the inner frame of the garage, each prefabricated component has the advantages of light weight, low transportation cost, convenience in hoisting and the like, the inner leaf plates and the outer leaf plates of the composite shear wall are used as the templates and parts of the shear wall, the prefabricated parts of the composite beams and the concrete composite floor slab can be used as the templates, a large number of templates are not required on site when concrete is poured, the templates are saved, the cost is saved, the time and the labor are saved, and the construction speed is higher. And the open caisson method is used for construction, so that large-area excavation of a foundation pit is avoided, foundation pit support is avoided, the earthwork excavation amount is reduced, the influence of construction on the surrounding environment, resident life and other buildings is reduced, and particularly, the advantages are more obvious when an underground garage is built in the area of the existing building. The reinforced concrete bottom plate and the superimposed shear wall plate are integrally poured, so that the integrity is better, the connection is tighter, and the waterproof effect is better.

The method can solve the problems that the traditional cast-in-place reinforced concrete underground garage foundation pit excavation needs foundation pit support, the support equipment cannot be recycled, the field reinforcement is bound, the concrete formwork construction quantity is large, the concrete pouring construction period is long, the large-area excavation of the foundation pit has great influence on the surrounding environment, the building and the life of residents, and the like; the problems of poor seepage-proofing performance, easy corrosion, durability and the like of the assembled steel structure underground garage can be solved; the problems that the structural members of the underground garage with the prefabricated concrete structure are heavy, the transportation cost is high, the engineering quantity of foundation pits excavated on site is large, the underground garage is complex in connection when two or more layers are arranged, the connection quality is difficult to guarantee, the waterproof effect of the joints is poor and the like can be solved.

The number of layers of the underground garage is not limited, and optionally can be one layer, two layers or more, when the underground garage is one layer, the number of layers of the frame beams is two, and when the underground garage is two layers or more, the number of layers of the frame beams is more than or equal to three.

The superposed shear wall comprises an inner leaf plate 101, an outer leaf plate 102 and a reinforced concrete part 103 which is positioned at the lower parts of the inner leaf plate 101 and the outer leaf plate 102 and is integrally arranged with the inner leaf plate 101 and the outer leaf plate 102, wherein a connecting member 104 is arranged between the inner leaf plate 101 and the outer leaf plate 102, a groove 105 is arranged on the inner side of the reinforced concrete part 103, the bottom of the reinforced concrete part 103 is a blade structure 106, and the bottom end of the blade structure 106 is wrapped with angle steel 107.

The groove of the reinforced concrete component is conveniently connected with the buttress and the reinforced concrete bottom plate, the blade foot structure at the bottom is convenient to sink, and the angle steel plays a role in protection.

In the invention, the top concrete composite floor slab is a groove type concrete composite floor slab 5 used for forming a top plate, and the concrete composite floor slabs of other layers are prestressed concrete ribbed composite slabs 6 used for forming an intermediate floor layer.

In order to improve the structural strength, each layer of frame beams are crisscrossed to form a grid shape, and the frame columns are positioned at the crisscrossed points of the frame beams.

Example 2:

the embodiment of the invention provides a method for constructing an underground garage with an open caisson type superposed shear wall, which is described in embodiment 1, and as shown in fig. 3-8, the method comprises the following steps:

s1: and hoisting the superposed shear wall at the bottommost layer in place and fixing the superposed shear wall, hoisting the frame beam at the bottommost layer in place, and hoisting the frame column in place and fixing the frame column according to the column network.

S2: and (3) installing a buttress column template 7 between two adjacent superposed shear walls, hoisting a frame beam on the upper layer in place, pouring concrete between an inner leaf plate and an outer leaf plate of each superposed shear wall, in the buttress column template, at the connecting node of each superposed shear wall and the frame beam and at the connecting node of each frame column and the frame beam, and pouring the superposed shear walls, the buttress columns, the frame beams and the frame columns into an integrated structure.

The inner blade plate and the outer blade plate of the superposed shear wall are cast-in-place sections, concrete is poured in the buttress column template to obtain buttress columns, and concrete is poured at the nodes of the components to enable the components to be poured into an integral structure.

S3: soil digging operation is carried out in the integrated structure, so that the integrated structure sinks to a layer of elevation under the action of self weight.

S4: and judging whether the integrated structure sinks to a designated elevation, if not, hoisting the upper layer of the superposed shear wall in place and fixing, hoisting the frame column in place and fixing according to the column net, returning to S2, and if so, executing S5.

And if the garage has only one layer, sinking to the designated elevation, and executing the next step.

If the garage has more than two layers, the integral structure does not sink to the designated elevation, the upper layer of superposed shear wall is required to be hoisted continuously, the frame column is arranged, S2 is returned, the buttress column template is required to be installed continuously, the upper layer of frame beam is hoisted, and the two-layer structure is poured.

After the two-layer structure is poured, soil digging operation is continued, and the integrated structure is made to sink under the action of self weight.

If the garage has more than two layers, the steps are repeated to enable the garage to sink continuously, and when the whole garage sinks to the designated elevation, the next step is executed.

S5: and (3) sealing the bottom of the frame beam on the bottommost layer by cast-in-place concrete to form a reinforced concrete bottom plate, hoisting the concrete laminated floor slab on the frame beams on other layers in place, and pouring concrete to form a top plate or an intermediate floor slab.

Thus, the construction of the whole underground garage is completed.

The construction method provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises all the technical schemes of the open caisson type superposed shear wall underground garage provided by the embodiment 1, has the beneficial effects provided by the embodiment 1, and is not described again. Other parts of this embodiment not mentioned above can be referred to the corresponding parts in the foregoing embodiment 1.

While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.