阅读说明：本技术 一种高性能Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系合金 (High-performance Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy ) 是由 肖代红 刘文胜 黄兰萍 于 2021-07-08 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种高性能Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系铝合金。所述合金以质量百分比包括下述组分：Zn：7.5～8.5％,Mg：1.5～2.0％,Cu：1.0～1.8％,Zr：0.08～0.15％,Cr：0.08～0.25％,Mn：0.05～0.2％,Be：0.05～0.1％,Fe≤0.05,Si≤0.05,余量为Al,Zn/Mg比4-7,Zn/Cu比4.7-8,(Mn+Zr+Cr)总量≤0.45％。其制备方法为：按设计的铝合金组分配比,称取各组分,熔炼浇铸成铸锭,然后再经过铸锭多级均匀化退火、热变形、强化固溶、低高温时效处理,最终制备成厚板材。本发明制备出了比现有铝合金更高综合性能的产品,所述产品具有高强高韧、高淬透性、低方向敏感性、可热处理强度等特性。(The invention relates to a high-performance Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy. The alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: zn: 7.5-8.5%, Mg: 1.5-2.0%, Cu: 1.0-1.8%, Zr: 0.08-0.15%, Cr: 0.08-0.25%, Mn: 0.05-0.2%, Be: 0.05-0.1 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Si, and the balance of Al, wherein the Zn/Mg ratio is 4-7, the Zn/Cu ratio is 4.7-8, and the total amount of (Mn + Zr + Cr) is less than or equal to 0.45 percent. The preparation method comprises the following steps: weighing the components according to the designed aluminum alloy component ratio, smelting and casting the components into an ingot, and then performing multi-stage homogenization annealing, thermal deformation, solid solution strengthening and low-temperature aging treatment on the ingot to finally prepare the thick plate. The invention prepares a product with higher comprehensive performance than the prior aluminum alloy, and the product has the characteristics of high strength and toughness, high hardenability, low directional sensitivity, heat-treatable strength and the like.)

1. A high-performance Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy is characterized in that; the alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight:

the composite material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 7.5-8.5%, Mg: 1.2-2.0%, Cu: 1.0-1.8%, Zr: 0.08-0.15%, Cr: 0.08-0.25%, Mn: 0.05-0.2%, Be: 0.05-0.1%, Fe is less than or equal to 0.05%, Si is less than or equal to 0.05%, and the balance is Al, wherein the Zn/Mg ratio is 4-7, preferably 4-6, the Zn/Cu ratio is 4.7-8, preferably 5-8, and the total amount of (Mn + Zr + Cr) is less than or equal to 0.45% in terms of mass ratio.

2. The high-performance Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-based aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein; in the alloy, the Zn/Mg ratio is 4-6 and the Zn/Cu ratio is 5-8 in terms of mass ratio.

3. The high-performance Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-based aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein; the alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: zn: 7.5%, Mg: 1.6%, Cu: 1.5%, Zr: 0.08%, Cr: 0.08%, Mn: 0.2%, Be: 0.1 percent, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Si, and the balance of Al.

4. The Al-Zn-Mg-Cu series aluminum alloy in high performance according to claim 3, wherein; the method comprises the steps of taking pure aluminum, industrial pure magnesium, industrial pure zinc, Al-Cu intermediate alloy, Al-Zr intermediate alloy and Al-Be alloy as raw materials, adding the raw materials into a smelting furnace for smelting and casting to obtain an as-cast product, carrying out multistage homogenization annealing on the as-cast product at 350 ℃/12h +430 ℃/12h +450 ℃/24h, carrying out hot extrusion at 450 ℃ to obtain a 100mm plate, carrying out strengthening solution treatment on the plate at 475 ℃ for 3h, then carrying out water quenching at room temperature, and carrying out low-temperature aging treatment at 120 ℃/5h +160 ℃/14h to obtain a finished product.

5. The high-performance Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-based aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein; the alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: zn: 8.5%, Mg: 1.2%, Cu: 1.8%, Zr: 0.15%, Cr: 0.15%, Mn: 0.05%, Be: 0.05 percent, less than or equal to 0.04 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Si, and the balance of Al.

6. The Al-Zn-Mg-Cu series aluminum alloy in high performance according to claim 5, wherein; pure aluminum, industrial pure magnesium, industrial pure zinc, Al-Cu intermediate alloy, Al-Zr intermediate alloy and Al-Be alloy are used as raw materials, the raw materials are added into a smelting furnace for smelting and casting to obtain an as-cast product, the as-cast product is hot-rolled into a 100mm plate at 450 ℃ through multi-stage homogenization annealing of 380 ℃/12h +440 ℃/12h +460 ℃/24h, the plate is subjected to strengthening solution treatment at 473 ℃ for 3h and then water quenching at room temperature, and then low-high temperature aging treatment of 121 ℃/5h +165 ℃/12h is carried out; and obtaining a finished product.

7. The high-performance Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-based aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein; the alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: zn: 8%, Mg: 2%, Cu: 1%, Zr: 0.08%, Cr: 0.25%, Mn: 0.1%, Be: 0.08 percent, less than or equal to 0.04 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Si, and the balance of Al.

8. The Al-Zn-Mg-Cu series aluminum alloy in high performance according to claim 7, wherein; pure aluminum, industrial pure magnesium, industrial pure zinc, Al-Cu intermediate alloy, Al-Zr intermediate alloy and Al-Be alloy are used as raw materials, the raw materials are added into a smelting furnace for smelting and casting to obtain an as-cast product, the as-cast product is hot-rolled into a 100mm plate at 450 ℃ through multi-stage homogenization annealing of 380 ℃/12h +440 ℃/12h +460 ℃/24h, the alloy is subjected to strengthening solution treatment at 465 ℃ for 3h and then water quenching at room temperature, and then low-high temperature aging treatment of 110 ℃/10h +150 ℃/16h is carried out; and obtaining a finished product.

9. The high-performance Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-based aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein; the alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: zn: 7.8%, Mg: 1.3%, Cu: 1.3%, Zr: 0.15%, Cr: 0.15%, Mn: 0.15%, Be: 0.06 percent, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.04 percent of Si, and the balance of Al.

10. The high-performance Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-based aluminum alloy according to claim 9, wherein; pure aluminum, industrial pure magnesium, industrial pure zinc, Al-Cu intermediate alloy, Al-Zr intermediate alloy and Al-Be alloy are taken as raw materials, the raw materials are added into a smelting furnace for smelting and casting to obtain an as-cast product, the as-cast product is hot-rolled into a 100mm plate at 440 ℃ through multi-stage homogenization annealing of 400 ℃/10h +450 ℃/10h +470 ℃/20h, the alloy is subjected to strengthening solution treatment at 480 ℃ for 3h and then water quenching at room temperature, and then low-high temperature aging treatment of 120 ℃/10h +160 ℃/15h is carried out; and obtaining a finished product.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a high-performance Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy; belongs to the technical field of preparation and processing of aluminum alloy materials.

Background

With the development of the aviation industry and the improvement of the technological level, the design of airplanes puts forward higher requirements on the aspects of comprehensive performance, service life, safety, reliability, structural quality optimization and the like, the application of integral structural members and structural members with ultra-large dimension specifications on airplanes is more and more, and the development of new high-strength Al-Zn-Mg-Cu series aluminum alloy means that the comprehensive performance of the alloy such as strength, ductility, corrosion resistance and damage resistance and the optimized processing technological performance (such as hardenability and the like) need to be further improved; the dimensional specification requires a large-thickness pre-stretched plate, a large-size forge piece and an ultralong and complex section profile. Therefore, the investment is increased in various countries in the world, and the research and development work of novel aluminum alloy is developed by means of controlling the content of impurity elements, optimizing the proportion of main alloy components, reducing and even replacing quenching sensitive elements and the like.

Typical large-thickness-surface-section (thickness of 100mm or more) Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-based aluminum alloy materials include 7075, 7010, 7050, 7010, 7040, 7449, 7037, 7099, and the like. 7075. 7175, 7249 has a maximum thickness of only 150mm, and the alloy has obvious performance difference in different thicknesses and relatively low yield strength (lower than 440 MPa); 7085. the 7037 and 7050 alloys can reach 200mm in thickness, but the thick section materials have obvious direction sensitivity (namely, obvious difference exists in the performance of three directions).

The invention aims to provide an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy with high comprehensive performance aiming at the defects of the prior art. The invention obtains the high comprehensive performance aluminum alloy with excellent comprehensive performance by regulating and controlling the mass fraction and the proportion of the elements of the main/micro alloying alloy and optimizing the preparation process conditions.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention discloses a high-performance Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy, which is prepared into an aluminum alloy ingot by a ingot metallurgy method through smelting and casting, and then is subjected to ingot multistage homogenization annealing, extrusion or rolling, strengthening solid solution and low-temperature aging treatment to finally prepare a bar or a plate. The invention prepares a product with higher comprehensive performance than the prior aluminum alloy, and the product has the characteristics of high strength and toughness, high hardenability, low directional sensitivity, heat-treatable strength and the like. The components are reasonably proportioned, the process operation is safe, the cost is lower, and the prepared aluminum alloy has good comprehensive performance.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a high-performance Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight:

the composite material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 7.5-8.5%, Mg: 1.2-2.0%, Cu: 1.0-1.8%, Zr: 0.08-0.15%, Cr: 0.08-0.25%, Mn: 0.05-0.2%, Be: 0.05-0.1%, Fe is less than or equal to 0.05%, Si is less than or equal to 0.05%, and the balance is Al, wherein the Zn/Mg ratio is 4-7, preferably 4-6, the Zn/Cu ratio is 4.7-8, preferably 5-8, and the total amount of (Mn + Zr + Cr) is less than or equal to 0.45% in terms of mass ratio.

As a preferred scheme I, the high-performance Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: zn: 7.5%, Mg: 1.6%, Cu: 1.5%, Zr: 0.08%, Cr: 0.08%, Mn: 0.2%, Be: 0.1 percent, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Si, and the balance of Al.

The process matched with the designed components in the first preferred scheme comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of taking pure aluminum, industrial pure magnesium, industrial pure zinc, Al-Cu intermediate alloy, Al-Zr intermediate alloy and Al-Be alloy as raw materials, adding the raw materials into a smelting furnace for smelting and casting to obtain an as-cast product, carrying out multistage homogenization annealing on the as-cast product at 350 ℃/12h +430 ℃/12h +450 ℃/24h, carrying out hot extrusion at 450 ℃ to obtain a 100mm plate, carrying out strengthening solution treatment on the plate at 475 ℃ for 3h, then carrying out water quenching at room temperature, and carrying out low-temperature aging treatment at 120 ℃/5h +160 ℃/14h to obtain a finished product.

As a second preferred scheme, the high-performance Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: zn: 8.5%, Mg: 1.2%, Cu: 1.8%, Zr: 0.15%, Cr: 0.15%, Mn: 0.05%, Be: 0.05 percent, less than or equal to 0.04 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Si, and the balance of Al.

The process matched with the components designed in the second preferred scheme comprises the following steps: pure aluminum, industrial pure magnesium, industrial pure zinc, Al-Cu intermediate alloy, Al-Zr intermediate alloy and Al-Be alloy are used as raw materials, the raw materials are added into a smelting furnace for smelting and casting to obtain an as-cast product, the as-cast product is hot-rolled into a 100mm plate at 450 ℃ through multi-stage homogenization annealing of 380 ℃/12h +440 ℃/12h +460 ℃/24h, the plate is subjected to strengthening solution treatment at 473 ℃ for 3h and then water quenching at room temperature, and then low-high temperature aging treatment of 121 ℃/5h +165 ℃/12h is carried out; and obtaining a finished product.

As a third preferred scheme, the high-performance Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: zn: 8%, Mg: 2%, Cu: 1%, Zr: 0.08%, Cr: 0.25%, Mn: 0.1%, Be: 0.08 percent, less than or equal to 0.04 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Si, and the balance of Al.

The process matched with the third designed component of the preferred scheme is as follows: pure aluminum, industrial pure magnesium, industrial pure zinc, Al-Cu intermediate alloy, Al-Zr intermediate alloy and Al-Be alloy are used as raw materials, the raw materials are added into a smelting furnace for smelting and casting to obtain an as-cast product, the as-cast product is hot-rolled into a 100mm plate at 450 ℃ through multi-stage homogenization annealing of 380 ℃/12h +440 ℃/12h +460 ℃/24h, the alloy is subjected to strengthening solution treatment at 465 ℃ for 3h and then water quenching at room temperature, and then low-high temperature aging treatment of 110 ℃/10h +150 ℃/16h is carried out; and obtaining a finished product.

As a fourth preferred scheme, the high-performance Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: zn: 7.8%, Mg: 1.3%, Cu: 1.3%, Zr: 0.15%, Cr: 0.15%, Mn: 0.15%, Be: 0.06 percent, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.04 percent of Si, and the balance of Al.

The process matched with the components designed in the fourth preferred scheme comprises the following steps: pure aluminum, industrial pure magnesium, industrial pure zinc, Al-Cu intermediate alloy, Al-Zr intermediate alloy and Al-Be alloy are taken as raw materials, the raw materials are added into a smelting furnace for smelting and casting to obtain an as-cast product, the as-cast product is hot-rolled into a 100mm plate at 440 ℃ through multi-stage homogenization annealing of 400 ℃/10h +450 ℃/10h +470 ℃/20h, the alloy is subjected to strengthening solution treatment at 480 ℃ for 3h and then water quenching at room temperature, and then low-high temperature aging treatment of 120 ℃/10h +160 ℃/15h is carried out; and obtaining a finished product.

Principles and advantages

The invention adopts a smelting casting and thermal deformation method, controls the contents of main alloying elements Zn, Mg and Cu and the Zn/Mg ratio and the Zn/Cu ratio in the alloy, the contents of micro alloying elements Zr, Cr, Mn and Be and the total amount of Mn + Zr + Cr, the contents of impurity elements Fe and Si, controls the content and the distribution of crystalline phases in ingot casting, prepares a plate by ingot casting annealing, extrusion, rolling, forging and solution-aging heat treatment, controls the final structure characteristics of the plate, and prepares the high-strength aluminum alloy with high strength, high toughness, high hardenability and low direction sensitivity.

The specific implementation mode is as follows:

comparative example 1

Typical 7085 aluminum alloy is adopted, and raw materials are added in the forms of pure aluminum, industrial pure magnesium, industrial pure zinc, Al-50Cu alloy, Al-4Zr alloy and the like. The alloy is smelted in a smelting furnace for smelting and casting, then annealed and annealed uniformly at 450 ℃ for 24h, hot extruded at 430 ℃ into a 100mm plate, subjected to solution treatment at 470 ℃ for 2h, quenched at room temperature, and subjected to low-temperature aging treatment at 120 ℃/5h +160 ℃/14 h. The chemical components of the material are Al-7.5Zn-1.5Mg-1.6Cu-0.1Zr-0.06Si-0.08Fe, and the properties of the material are shown in Table 1.

Comparative example 2

With a typical 7050 aluminum alloy, the raw materials are added in the form of pure aluminum, industrially pure magnesium, industrially pure zinc, Al-50Cu alloy, Al-4Zr alloy, and the like. The alloy is smelted in a smelting furnace for smelting and casting, then annealed and annealed uniformly for 24h at 450 ℃, hot rolled into a 100mm plate at 430 ℃, subjected to solution treatment for 2h at 470 ℃, water quenched at room temperature, and subjected to low-temperature aging treatment at 120 ℃/5h +160 ℃/14 h. The chemical components of the material are Al-6.5Zn-2.3Mg-2.3Cu-0.1Mn-0.05Cr-0.12Zr-0.12Si-0.15Fe, and the properties of the material are shown in Table 1.

Example 1

The raw materials are added in the forms of pure aluminum, industrial pure magnesium, industrial pure zinc, Al-Cu intermediate alloy, Al-Zr intermediate alloy, Al-Be alloy and the like. The alloy is smelted in a smelting furnace for smelting and casting, then is subjected to multistage homogenization annealing at 350 ℃/12h +430 ℃/12h +450 ℃/24h, is hot extruded into a 100mm plate at 450 ℃, is subjected to strengthening solution treatment at 475 ℃ for 3h, is subjected to water quenching at room temperature, and is subjected to low-temperature aging treatment at 120 ℃/5h +160 ℃/14 h. The chemical components of the material are Al-7.5Zn-1.6Mg-1.5Cu-0.1Zr-0.08Cr-0.2Mn-0.1Be-0.05Si-0.05Fe, the Zn/Mg ratio is 4.6, the Zn/Cu ratio is 5, the total amount of (Cr + Zr + Mn) is 0.38, and the properties of the material are shown in Table 1.

Example 2

The raw materials are added in the forms of pure aluminum, industrial pure magnesium, industrial pure zinc, Al-Cu intermediate alloy, Al-Zr intermediate alloy, Al-Be alloy and the like. The alloy is smelted in a smelting furnace for smelting and casting, then hot rolled into a 100mm plate at 450 ℃ through multi-stage homogenizing annealing at 380 ℃/12h +440 ℃/12h +460 ℃/24h, the alloy is subjected to strengthening solution treatment at 473 ℃ for 3h and then water quenching at room temperature, and then low-temperature aging treatment at 121 ℃/5h +165 ℃/12h is carried out. The chemical composition of the material is Al-8.5Zn-1.2Mg-1.8Cu-0.15Zr-0.15Cr-0.05Mn-0.05Be-0.05Si-0.04Fe, the Zn/Mg ratio is 7, the Zn/Cu ratio is 4.7, the total amount of (Cr + Zr + Mn) is 0.35, and the properties of the material are shown in Table 1.

Example 3

The raw materials are added in the forms of pure aluminum, industrial pure magnesium, industrial pure zinc, Al-Cu intermediate alloy, Al-Zr intermediate alloy, Al-Be alloy and the like. The alloy is smelted in a smelting furnace for smelting and casting, then hot rolled into a 100mm plate at 450 ℃ through multi-stage homogenizing annealing of 380 ℃/12h +440 ℃/12h +460 ℃/24h, the alloy is subjected to strengthening solution treatment at 465 ℃ for 3h, then water quenching at room temperature is carried out, and then low-temperature aging treatment of 110 ℃/10h +150 ℃/16h is carried out. The chemical components of the material are Al-8Zn-2Mg-1.0Cu-0.08Zr-0.25Cr-0.1Mn-0.08Be-0.05Si-0.04Fe, the Zn/Mg ratio is 4, the Zn/Cu ratio is 8, the total amount of (Cr + Zr + Mn) is 0.43, and the properties of the material are shown in Table 1.

Example 4

The raw materials are added in the forms of pure aluminum, industrial pure magnesium, industrial pure zinc, Al-Cu intermediate alloy, Al-Zr intermediate alloy, Al-Be alloy and the like. The alloy is smelted in a smelting furnace for smelting and casting, then hot rolled into a 100mm plate at 440 ℃ through multi-stage homogenizing annealing of 400 ℃/10h +450 ℃/10h +470 ℃/20h, the alloy is subjected to strengthening solution treatment at 480 ℃ for 3h and then water quenching at room temperature, and then low-temperature aging treatment of 120 ℃/10h +160 ℃/15h is carried out. The chemical components of the material are Al-7.8Zn-1.3Mg-1.3Cu-0.15Zr-0.15Cr-0.15Mn-0.06Be-0.04Si-0.05Fe, the Zn/Mg ratio is 6, the Zn/Cu ratio is 6, the total amount of (Cr + Zr + Mn) is 0.45, and the properties of the material are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1 Room temperature Properties of the alloys of the invention

Comparing the values of the performance parameters of the examples with those of the comparative examples, it can be seen that: tensile Strength (R) of the high-performance aluminum alloy prepared by the invention_m) Yield strength (R)_0.2) Elongation (A), fracture toughness can be obviously higher than that of the alloy of the comparative example, and the direction sensitivity is lower than that of the alloy of the comparative example.