阅读说明：本技术 一种打泥机构定位套及制备方法 (Positioning sleeve of mud beating mechanism and preparation method ) 是由 郭哲 殷勇 孙业青 于 2020-12-24 设计创作，主要内容包括：本申请公开了一种打泥机构定位套及制备方法,属于定位套技术领域,能够解决现有打泥机构定位套钢筒与铜套之间易产生间隙,对产品的加工精度要求较高的问题。该打泥机构定位套包括钢筒和铜层,钢筒的外壁堆焊铜材料形成铜层。该制备方法包括通过机加工方式加工出钢筒；在钢筒的外壁堆焊铜材料得到定位套基体；对定位套基体的外壁进行再加工得到打泥机构定位套。本申请定位套的钢筒与铜层之间不会产生间隙,也降低了对产品加工精度的要求。(The application discloses positioning sleeve of a mud beating mechanism and a preparation method, belongs to the technical field of positioning sleeves, and can solve the problems that a gap is easily generated between a steel cylinder and a copper sleeve of the positioning sleeve of the existing mud beating mechanism, and the requirement on the machining precision of a product is high. The positioning sleeve of the mud beating mechanism comprises a steel cylinder and a copper layer, wherein the copper layer is formed on the outer wall of the steel cylinder through surfacing of a copper material. The preparation method comprises the steps of machining a steel cylinder; overlaying a copper material on the outer wall of the steel cylinder to obtain a positioning sleeve base body; and (4) reprocessing the outer wall of the positioning sleeve base body to obtain the positioning sleeve of the mud beating mechanism. The steel cylinder and the copper layer of the positioning sleeve cannot generate a gap, and the requirement on the machining precision of the product is reduced.)

1. A positioning sleeve of a mud beating mechanism is characterized by comprising a steel cylinder and a copper layer;

and surfacing a copper material on the outer wall of the steel cylinder to form the copper layer.

2. The positioning sleeve for the mud beating mechanism according to claim 1, wherein two ends of the outer wall of the steel cylinder are provided with annular protrusions, the annular protrusions and the outer wall are integrally formed to form annular grooves, and the copper material is welded in the annular grooves in a surfacing mode.

3. A mud pumping mechanism locating sleeve according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the copper material is an aluminium bronze alloy.

4. The mud beating mechanism positioning sleeve as claimed in claim 1, wherein the steel cylinder is made of carbon steel.

5. A mud beating mechanism positioning sleeve as claimed in claim 4, wherein said carbon steel is 35# steel or 45# steel.

6. A preparation method of a mud beating mechanism positioning sleeve is used for preparing the mud beating mechanism positioning sleeve as claimed in any one of claims 1-5, and comprises the following steps:

machining to obtain a steel cylinder;

overlaying a copper material on the outer wall of the steel cylinder to obtain a positioning sleeve base body;

and reprocessing the outer wall of the positioning sleeve base body to obtain the positioning sleeve of the mud beating mechanism.

7. The preparation method of the positioning sleeve of the mud beating mechanism according to claim 6, wherein before the copper material is overlaid on the outer wall of the steel cylinder to obtain a positioning sleeve base body, the method further comprises the following steps:

carrying out surface decontamination treatment on the surface of the steel cylinder;

preheating the steel cylinder to 620-650 ℃, and carrying out heat preservation.

8. The preparation method of the positioning sleeve of the mud beating mechanism according to claim 6, wherein the step of overlaying a copper material on the outer wall of the steel cylinder to obtain a positioning sleeve matrix comprises the following steps:

fixing the steel cylinder and continuously and uniformly heating;

surfacing the outer wall of the steel cylinder by using an ERCuAI-A1 welding wire until the thickness of a surfacing layer reaches 7.5-8.5 mm to obtain a positioning sleeve body;

checking the quality of the positioning sleeve body;

and burying the positioning sleeve body, slowly cooling and preserving heat to obtain a positioning sleeve base body.

9. The preparation method of the positioning sleeve of the mud beating mechanism according to claim 6, wherein the overlaying mode is multilayer and multi-pass welding.

10. The preparation method of the positioning sleeve of the mud beating mechanism according to claim 9, wherein the technological parameters of the multilayer multi-pass welding are as follows: welding current Id = 240A-260A; welding voltage Ud = 29V-31V; the gas flow rate Ld = 15L/min-17L/min.

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of positioning sleeves, in particular to a positioning sleeve of a mud beating mechanism and a preparation method.

Background

With the continuous development of society, the development of the steel industry is better and better. The production of iron works in iron and steel enterprises is mainly blast furnace production, and the clay gun is a key device for blast furnace production. The mud gun belongs to the necessary stokehole equipment in the smelting industry, and can rapidly and accurately block a taphole after iron discharge so as to enable a blast furnace to rapidly enter the next cycle of operation. In the mud beating mechanism of the mud gun, a piston is arranged in a cylinder body, a cavity is formed between a cylinder head and the front end of the piston, and a positioning sleeve is sleeved on a piston rod and arranged in the cavity. The positioning sleeve plays roles of abrasion resistance, buffering and the like in the oil cylinder, and is extremely important in the oil cylinder structure.

At present, a mud beating mechanism positioning sleeve of a mud gun is assembled by taking a steel cylinder as a carrier and then assembling a copper sleeve, and due to different thermal expansion coefficients of steel and copper, the mud beating mechanism can generate a large amount of heat when being repeatedly used for a long time in the working process, a gap can be generated between the steel cylinder and the copper sleeve, and the gap can cause the oil cylinder to be not tightly sealed, so that the oil cylinder leaks oil. And a gap is formed between the steel cylinder and the copper sleeve, so that the oil cylinder can be damaged by pulling in the working process of the oil cylinder, oil leakage can be caused, and the normal use of the mud gun is further influenced. In the actual manufacturing process, in order to make the oil cylinder have better sealing effect, the matching degree of the contact part of each part is required to be better, and then the requirement on the processing precision of a product is higher.

Disclosure of Invention

The embodiment of the application provides a positioning sleeve of a mud beating mechanism and a preparation method, and can solve the problems that a gap is easily generated between a steel cylinder and a copper sleeve of the positioning sleeve of the existing mud beating mechanism, and the requirement on the machining precision of a product is high.

In a first aspect, an embodiment of the invention provides a mud beating mechanism positioning sleeve, which comprises a steel cylinder and a copper layer; and surfacing a copper material on the outer wall of the steel cylinder to form the copper layer.

Combine the first aspect, in a possible implementation, the both ends of the outer wall of steel cylinder all are provided with cyclic annular arch, cyclic annular arch with outer wall integrated into one piece to form the annular, build-up welding in the annular copper product material.

With reference to the first aspect, in one possible implementation manner, the copper material is an aluminum bronze alloy.

With reference to the first aspect, in one possible implementation manner, the material of the steel cylinder is carbon steel.

With reference to the first aspect, in one possible implementation, the carbon steel is 35# steel or 45# steel.

In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing a mud pumping mechanism positioning sleeve, which is used for preparing the mud pumping mechanism positioning sleeve, and includes the following steps:

machining to obtain a steel cylinder;

overlaying a copper material on the outer wall of the steel cylinder to obtain a positioning sleeve base body;

and reprocessing the outer wall of the positioning sleeve base body to obtain the positioning sleeve of the mud beating mechanism.

With reference to the second aspect, in a possible implementation manner, before the overlaying of the copper material on the outer wall of the steel cylinder to obtain the positioning sleeve base body, the method further includes the steps of:

carrying out surface decontamination treatment on the surface of the steel cylinder;

preheating the steel cylinder to 620-650 ℃, and carrying out heat preservation.

With reference to the second aspect, in a possible implementation manner, the overlaying of the copper material on the outer wall of the steel cylinder to obtain the positioning sleeve substrate includes the following steps:

fixing the steel cylinder and continuously and uniformly heating;

surfacing the outer wall of the steel cylinder by using an ERCuAI-A1 welding wire until the thickness of a surfacing layer reaches 7.5-8.5 mm to obtain a positioning sleeve body;

checking the quality of the positioning sleeve body;

and burying the positioning sleeve body, slowly cooling and preserving heat to obtain a positioning sleeve base body.

With reference to the second aspect, in one possible implementation manner, the overlaying manner is multi-layer multi-pass welding.

With reference to the second aspect, in a possible implementation manner, the process parameters of the multilayer multi-pass welding are as follows: welding current Id = 240A-260A; welding voltage Ud = 29V-31V; the gas flow rate Ld = 15L/min-17L/min.

One or more technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present invention have at least the following technical effects or advantages:

according to the positioning sleeve of the mud beating mechanism provided by the embodiment of the invention, the copper material is overlaid on the outer wall of the steel cylinder to form the copper layer, so that the outer wall of the steel cylinder is more tightly combined with the copper layer, and the copper layer is not easy to fall off from the outer wall of the steel cylinder. Meanwhile, the positioning sleeve is less affected by the thermal expansion coefficient of the material, so that in the working process, a large amount of heat is generated when the mud beating mechanism is repeatedly used for a long time, a gap cannot be generated between the steel cylinder and the copper layer, the phenomenon that the oil cylinder is damaged by pulling cannot be generated, the sealing performance of the oil cylinder is further improved, the oil cylinder cannot leak oil, and the normal use of the mud gun cannot be affected. Because the copper layer is arranged on the outer wall of the steel cylinder in a surfacing mode, the problem of the matching degree of the outer diameter of the steel cylinder and the inner diameter of the copper sleeve is not required to be considered, and the requirement on the machining precision of a product is greatly reduced.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a positioning sleeve of a mud beating mechanism provided by the embodiment of the application;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a steel cylinder provided in an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a positioning sleeve of a prior art mud-beating mechanism;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a cylinder in the prior art;

fig. 5 is a flow chart of a method for manufacturing a mud-beating mechanism positioning sleeve according to an embodiment of the present application.

Icon: 1-a positioning sleeve; 11-a steel cylinder; 111-annular projection; 112-ring groove; 12-a copper layer; 13-copper sheathing; 2-cylinder head; 3-cylinder body; 4-a piston rod; 5-piston.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "inside", "outside", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are only for convenience in describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred devices or elements must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and may, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. Specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to specific situations.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a part of a structure of a cylinder in the prior art. As shown in fig. 4, the piston 5 is disposed in the cylinder 3, a cavity is formed between the cylinder head 2 and the front end of the piston 5, and the positioning sleeve 1 is sleeved on the piston rod 4 and disposed in the cavity. As shown in figure 3, the positioning sleeve 1 of the mud beating mechanism of the existing mud gun is assembled by taking a steel cylinder 11 as a carrier and then assembling a copper sleeve 13. Because the thermal expansion coefficients of steel and copper are different, in the working process, the mud beating mechanism can generate a large amount of heat when repeatedly used for a long time, and a gap can be generated between the steel cylinder 11 and the copper sleeve 13, so that the gap can lead to poor sealing of the oil cylinder, and oil leakage of the oil cylinder is further caused. And a gap is formed between the steel cylinder 11 and the copper sleeve 13, so that the oil cylinder can be damaged by pulling in the working process of the oil cylinder, oil leakage can be caused, and the normal use of the mud gun is further influenced. In the actual manufacturing process, in order to make the oil cylinder seal effect better, the matching degree of the contact part of each part is required to be better, and then the requirement on the processing precision of the product is higher, if the matching degree of the outer diameter of the steel cylinder 11 and the inner diameter of the copper sleeve 13 is required to be better, so that the requirement on the processing precision of the steel cylinder 11 and the copper sleeve 13 is higher.

Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a mud-beating mechanism positioning sleeve 1, which includes a steel cylinder 11 and a copper layer 12. The outer wall of the steel cylinder 11 is formed with a copper layer 12 by overlaying a copper material.

According to the positioning sleeve 1 of the mud beating mechanism provided by the embodiment of the invention, the copper material is deposited on the outer wall of the steel cylinder 11 in a build-up mode to form the copper layer 12, so that the outer wall of the steel cylinder 11 is tightly combined with the copper layer 12, and the copper layer 12 is not easy to fall off from the outer wall of the steel cylinder 11. Meanwhile, the positioning sleeve 1 is less influenced by the thermal expansion coefficient of the material, so that in the working process, a large amount of heat is generated when the mud beating mechanism is repeatedly used for a long time, a gap cannot be generated between the steel cylinder 11 and the copper layer 12, the phenomenon that the oil cylinder is damaged by pulling cannot be generated, the sealing performance of the oil cylinder is further improved, the oil cylinder cannot leak oil, and the normal use of the mud gun cannot be influenced. Because the copper layer 12 is arranged on the outer wall of the steel cylinder 11 in a surfacing mode, the problem of matching degree between the outer diameter of the steel cylinder 11 and the inner diameter of the copper sleeve 13 does not need to be considered, and the requirement on the machining precision of a product is greatly reduced.

As shown in fig. 2, two ends of the outer wall of the steel cylinder 11 are provided with annular protrusions 111, the annular protrusions 111 and the outer wall are integrally formed to form a ring groove 112, and a copper material is deposited in the ring groove 112. In actual manufacturing, the steel cylinder 11 is manufactured firstly, then the copper material is overlaid on the outer wall of the steel cylinder 11 to obtain a positioning sleeve base body, and the annular bulges 111 are integrally machined at two ends of the outer wall of the steel cylinder 11 in advance, so that the position of the overlaid copper material is limited, the welding starting position and the welding ending position can be conveniently determined when a subsequent overlaying process is carried out, the overlaid material can not exceed two ends of the steel cylinder 11, the quality of the positioning sleeve base body is better, and the subsequent processing is convenient; on the other hand, because the end face of the locating sleeve 1 is prepared in advance, when the locating sleeve base body is processed into the locating sleeve 1 in the subsequent process, the end face of the locating sleeve 1 is not required to be processed, only the outer side wall of the locating sleeve 1 is required to be processed, namely, the copper layer 12 is processed, the depth of the annular groove 112, namely the radial height of the annular protrusion 111 along the steel cylinder 11, limits and guides the thickness of the copper layer 12 to be processed subsequently, the processing of the subsequent copper layer 12 is facilitated, and the processing of the subsequent locating sleeve 1 is more convenient and quicker.

With continued reference to fig. 1 and 2, the plane of the inner wall of the annular protrusion 111 close to the annular groove 112 and the plane of the outer wall of the steel cylinder 11 form a predetermined angle, that is, in the cross-sectional view of fig. 2, the angles α and β form a predetermined angle. Typically, the predetermined angle is between 110 DEG and 145 deg. This predetermine setting of angle can make the copper material of the contained angle department of the inner wall that is close to annular 112 of cyclic annular protrusion 111 and the outer wall of steel cylinder 11 fill more compactly, is difficult for producing the problem that no copper material was filled in the contained angle department, has avoided the production in space, has reduced the possibility that the copper material drops.

Optionally, the copper material is an aluminum bronze alloy. The aluminum bronze alloy is a copper-based alloy which takes aluminum as a main alloy element and contains elements such as iron, manganese, nickel and the like. On the one hand, the aluminum bronze alloy has excellent heat conductivity coefficient, stable rigidity, high temperature oxidation resistance, higher strength and hardness, good corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance and wear resistance, thereby being capable of improving various performances of the locating sleeve 1 and further prolonging the service life of the locating sleeve 1, and avoiding the phenomena of oil leakage caused by the poor sealing of the joint due to the generation of gaps between the locating sleeve 1 and the oil cylinder and the pulling of the oil cylinder and the like caused by the repeated use of the locating sleeve 1 to generate heat. Meanwhile, the aluminum bronze alloy is low in price, the manufacturing cost of the positioning sleeve 1 of the mud beating mechanism can be reduced, and the industrial large-scale production is facilitated.

On the other hand, when two different materials are welded to each other, materials with similar thermal expansion coefficients should be selected as much as possible, and the thermal expansion coefficients are different greatly, so that stress is generated at the welded position due to different expansion speeds during welding, the mechanical strength and the air tightness of the materials are reduced, and the welded position can fall off in severe cases. The thermal expansion coefficient of the steel is 1 to 1.77 x 10^-5At/° C, the coefficient of thermal expansion of the aluminum bronze is 1.6-1.7 x 10^-5The temperature/DEG C is relatively small in difference of the thermal expansion coefficients, so that stress generated at a welding position during welding can be avoided, the mechanical strength and the air tightness of the material are relatively improved, and the phenomenon of falling off of the welding position is prevented.

In practical application, the steel cylinder 11 is made of carbon steel. The carbon steel has better wear resistance and machinability, so that the positioning sleeve 1 of the mud beating mechanism has better performance. And the raw material of carbon steel is easy to obtain, and the production cost of the positioning sleeve 1 of the mud beating mechanism can be reduced.

Optionally, the carbon steel is 35# steel or 45# steel. The 35# steel and the 45# steel have good mechanical properties, have wide application in mechanical manufacturing, have easily obtained raw materials, and can further reduce the production cost of the positioning sleeve 1 of the mud beating mechanism.

An embodiment of the present invention provides a positioning sleeve 1 of a mud beating mechanism, as shown in fig. 1, an outer diameter c of the positioning sleeve 1 is phi 195mm, an inner diameter a of the positioning sleeve 1 is phi 135mm, an outer diameter b where a bottom surface of a ring groove 112 is located is phi 185mm, that is, a thickness of a copper layer 12 is 5 mm. Length l of the positioning sleeve 1₁115mm, the length l of the bottom surface of the ring groove 112 in the axial direction₃105mm, when the surface of the annular protrusion 111 close to the inner wall of the annular groove 112 and the surface of the outer wall of the steel cylinder 11 form a predetermined angle, as shown in FIG. 1, l₂Has a length of 110 mm.

As shown in fig. 5, another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing a mud pumping mechanism positioning sleeve, which is used for preparing the mud pumping mechanism positioning sleeve 1, and includes the following steps:

s501: the steel cylinder 11 is machined by a machining method. This steel cylinder 11 of processing includes the cyclic annular arch 111 that both ends of the outer wall of steel cylinder 11 all set up to form annular groove 112, this annular groove 112 is used for follow-up build-up welding copper product.

S504: and overlaying a copper material on the outer wall of the steel cylinder 11 to obtain the positioning sleeve base body.

The surfacing is a welding method of melting metal by an electric welding method or a gas welding method and piling the metal on a tool or a machine part. The equipment of build-up welding is simple, can reduce manufacturing cost, and the welding quality of build-up welding is better moreover, can prolong the life of product, and then reduces the expense and the time of maintenance.

Specifically, S504 includes the steps of:

s5041: the steel cylinder 11 is fixed and heated continuously and uniformly.

Specifically, the surface of the steel cylinder 11 is cleaned and fixed on the rotary table, and the steel cylinder can be welded while rotating during subsequent welding without moving an operator, so that the subsequent surfacing operation is more convenient and quicker. Generally, the bottom of the steel cylinder 11 is heated continuously and uniformly by burning natural gas.

The reason for heating the steel cylinder 11 continuously and uniformly is that firstly, the heat conductivity coefficient of the aluminum bronze is larger than that of the steel cylinder 11, the heat dissipation is fast, the melting point of the aluminum bronze welding wire (namely, ERCuAl-A1 welding wire) is low, the melting point of the steel cylinder 11 is high, and the phenomenon of poor fusion is easy to form. The steel cylinder 11 is heated continuously and uniformly, so that the fusion condition of the bead welding bead and the steel cylinder 11 can be improved. Meanwhile, a method of adopting high-energy and high-energy beams as much as possible, such as high-power melting inert gas shielded welding, is required to be adopted so as to improve the melting capacity of the aluminum bronze welding wire and the steel cylinder 11. Secondly, because the carbon equivalent of the steel cylinder 11 is large, the steel cylinder has high sensitivity to cold cracks, and in order to prevent the steel cylinder 11 from radiating too fast, the welding energy is not enough to melt the welding wire during welding, the steel cylinder 11 needs to be heated continuously and uniformly. When a member having a relatively high rigidity such as a carbon steel or the like having a high carbon content is welded, a hardened structure is easily generated in a weld and a heat affected zone due to a high cooling rate of the weld, thereby causing cracks. The steel cylinder 11 is continuously and uniformly heated, so that the purpose of reducing the cooling speed can be achieved, and cracks are prevented from being generated in the welding seam. Finally, due to the physical properties of aluminum bronze itself, the weld seam is more prone to porosity during welding. Because the solubility of hydrogen in copper is greatly changed during liquid-solid transformation, the supersaturation degree of hydrogen in copper is several times greater than that of steel welding seam, and air holes are easily formed. Meanwhile, because the heat conductivity coefficient of the aluminum bronze is larger than that of carbon steel, the cooling speed of an aluminum bronze weld bead of the surfacing welding is higher, and hydrogen diffuses and escapes and H₂The O floating condition is worse, and the sensitivity of forming air holes is naturally increased. In addition, the steel cylinder 11 is adopted for fixing and continuously and uniformly heating, so that the existing time of a molten pool can be prolonged, gas is easy to separate out, factors influencing the quality of the welding line such as oil stain, moisture and the like can be removed, and further, the corresponding effect is achieved for preventing defects such as air holes and the like, and the generation of cracks is further prevented.

S5042: and surfacing the outer wall of the steel cylinder 11 by using an ERCuAl-A1 welding wire until the thickness of the surfacing layer reaches 7.5-8.5 mm to obtain the positioning sleeve body.

Specifically, the diameter of the ERCuAl-A1 wire is φ 1.2. By adopting the ERCuAl-A1 welding wire, an aluminum bronze material with better quality can be obtained by overlaying on the outer wall of the steel cylinder 11, and the ERCuAl-A1 welding wire material is easy to obtain and has lower cost, so that the manufacturing cost of the positioning sleeve 1 of the mud beating mechanism can be reduced.

The surfacing mode is multilayer and multi-pass welding. The multi-layer multi-pass welding can improve the performance of a welding joint due to small welding line energy, and the later welding pass reheats the former welding pass and a heat affected zone thereof, so that the phase change recrystallization of the texture and the performance of the heating zone is generated, fine isometric crystals are formed, and the plasticity and the toughness are improved. Meanwhile, the quality, particularly the plasticity, of the weld metal can be improved by multilayer multi-pass welding, and the secondary structure is improved because the welding seam of the rear layer (pass) has the heat treatment effect on the welding seam of the front layer (pass), which is equivalent to the sequential normalizing treatment on the welding seam of the front layer (pass). The multilayer multi-pass welding can also reduce the heat input amount during welding, reduce deformation and reduce the probability of generating defects in welding seams. In addition, the heat of a molten pool and a heat affected zone of the multilayer multi-pass welding is concentrated, the cooling speed after welding is reduced, the crystallization fusion between welding seams can be promoted, and the fusion defect is not easy to appear on the surface layer.

The thickness of the overlay is typically measured with calipers. The thickness of the overlaying layer is less than 7.5mm, and the machining allowance is small, so that subsequent reprocessing is not facilitated; the thickness of the overlaying layer is more than 8.5mm, the subsequent processing to the required thickness of the copper layer consumes a long time, and the manufacturing time is prolonged. The thickness of the overlaying layer is selected from any value within the range of 7.5 mm-8.5 mm, so that proper machining allowance can be guaranteed, and the manufacturing time is relatively reduced. In practice, the thickness of the overlay welding layer is 8 mm.

Controlling the interlayer temperature of the surfacing welding to be 200-250 ℃, and measuring by using an infrared thermometer. The interlaminar temperature is the instantaneous temperature of the weld bead and base material prior to the next weld pass, and is generally expressed as the maximum value. When interlayer temperature parameters in the welding process are set, factors such as base material, wall thickness and heat input are considered fully, standards such as AWS (engineering-oriented modeling system) can be referred to, a reasonable temperature value is set by combining with actual conditions, and physicochemical detection can be guaranteed to pass the evaluation requirement. Finally, the qualified process is evaluated to guide the welding of the product. In practical application, the interlayer temperature higher than 250 ℃ causes coarse grains in a heat affected zone, so that the strength and the low-temperature impact toughness of a welding seam are reduced. If it is less than 200 deg.C, cracks may be generated during welding. The interlayer temperature is controlled to be 200-250 ℃, so that the size of crystal grains obtained in a heat affected zone is appropriate, the weld strength and the impact toughness are good, and cracks are avoided in the welding process. And the interlayer temperature of surfacing is controlled to be 200-250 ℃, so that the existence time of a molten pool can be prolonged, and gases such as hydrogen, oxygen and the like are easy to separate out, thereby reducing and eliminating pores in a welding line.

The technological parameters of the multilayer multi-pass welding are as follows: welding current Id = 240A-260A; welding voltage Ud = 29V-31V; the gas flow rate Ld = 15L/min-17L/min.

The welding current Id is selected from any value within the range of 240A-260A, so that the welding penetration is large, the welding rod is fast to melt, high welding efficiency is achieved, and a welded product with good welding quality is obtained. If the welding current is more than 260A, the spatter and smoke are large, the tail part of the welding rod is easy to turn red, and part of the coating is about to lose efficacy or collapse. In addition, the defects such as deep and narrow welding seams, undercuts, welding beading, burnthrough and the like are easy to generate, the deformation of a weldment is increased, crystal grains in a heat affected zone of the joint are coarse, and the toughness of the welded joint is reduced. If the welding current is less than 240A, arc striking is difficult, the welding rod is easy to adhere to a workpiece, arc combustion is unstable, defects such as incomplete penetration, incomplete fusion, air holes and slag inclusion are easy to generate, and the productivity is low.

The welding voltage Ud is selected from any value within the range of 29V-31V. In practice, the welding voltage is determined mainly by the arc length, which is high, and vice versa. In the welding process, the electric arc is not suitable to be too long, otherwise, the defects of unstable electric arc combustion, large splashing, shallow fusion depth, undercut, air holes and the like can occur; if the arc is too short, the welding rod is easy to stick. Generally, the arc length is preferably equal to 0.5-1 times of the diameter of the welding rod, and according to the diameter of the welding rod, the welding voltage Ud = 29V-31V, so that a better welding effect and a better welding product can be obtained.

The gas flow Ld is selected from any value within the range of 15L/min-17L/min, and a welding product with better welding quality can be obtained during welding

The multilayer multi-pass welding of the embodiment adopts a gas protection semi-automatic surfacing mode, wherein the protective gas is Ar + CO₂. Because surfacing is an economical and rapid process for modifying the surface of a material, in order to effectively exert the function of a surfacing layer, surfacing needs to have a low dilution rate of a base material, a high deposition rate and excellent performance of the surfacing layer. And gas shielded semi-automatic surfacing welding has the advantages that the dilution rate is low, if short circuit transition fusion depth is low, the dilution rate is only 10%, the dilution rate is 40% during injection transition, auxiliary filling metal is fed into a molten pool, the fusion depth can be reduced, the dilution rate can be reduced to 3% -5%, in addition, the higher deposition rate is realized, meanwhile, the visibility is good, the process is simple, and the cost is low.

When surfacing, make electric arc be in suitable advanced position, the welding wire extends 10mm ~15mm, can be to the better welding product of quality. When in surfacing, the continuous welding is carried out, so that the good fusion between surfacing layers can be ensured, and the surface of a welding seam is smooth, thereby providing a better basis for subsequent processing.

In the overlaying process, the overlaying bead overlapping width is 1/3-2/3 of the bead width, and preferably the overlaying bead overlapping width is 1/2 of the bead width.

In actual welding, the shape of a bead of the surfacing welding is approximate to a quadratic function with a downward opening, and if the overlapping width of the bead of the surfacing welding is smaller than 1/3 of the width of the bead, the defects of holes or unfused are easily caused, the arcing of a subsequent cladding layer is influenced, and the phenomenon that a wire deviates from the center and cannot be normally fed into a molten pool due to the collision of an external wire feeding mechanism and the cladding layer is also caused, so that the surface unevenness phenomenon is aggravated. If the overlapping width of the overlaying welding bead is larger than 2/3 of the welding bead width, the overlapping amount of the welding bead is increased, so that the welding bead is overlapped, the forming appearance is seriously influenced, the overlapping of the subsequent welding bead is influenced, and welding wires are wasted. And the overlap joint width of the surfacing welding bead is 1/3-2/3 of the welding bead width, so that the generation of holes or fusion defects is reduced, the welding bead with a smooth surface can be obtained, and the subsequent processing of the outer wall of the positioning sleeve 1 is facilitated.

S5043: and checking the quality of the positioning sleeve body.

In practical application, after surfacing, the surfacing of the steel cylinder 11 is generally checked by naked eyes, and the next operation is performed immediately after no major defect exists.

S5044: and burying the positioning sleeve body, slowly cooling and preserving heat to obtain a positioning sleeve matrix.

In practical application, the positioning sleeve body is buried by quicklime and is taken out after being slowly cooled and insulated for 7-9 h, and the slow cooling and insulation time is generally selected to be 8h, so that a hard and brittle tissue can be prevented from being formed, diffused hydrogen can be enabled to escape from the surface of a welding line, and cracks are prevented from being generated. The microstructure and performance of the welding joint can be improved, the welding residual stress is eliminated, the hardness of a welding area is reduced, the structure is stabilized, and the mechanical property, the high-temperature property and the like are improved. The quicklime has good slow cooling and heat preservation effects, and meanwhile, the materials are easy to obtain and low in price.

S505: and (4) reprocessing the outer wall of the positioning sleeve base body to obtain the positioning sleeve 1 of the mud beating mechanism.

In practical application, after the positioning sleeve body is buried for slow cooling and heat preservation to obtain a positioning sleeve base body, the positioning sleeve body is machined, the outer wall is machined at normal temperature, and the size of the machined surface is checked.

According to the preparation method of the mud beating mechanism positioning sleeve, the steel cylinder 11 is processed in a machining mode, the copper material is overlaid on the outer wall of the steel cylinder 11 to obtain the positioning sleeve base body, the outer wall of the positioning sleeve base body is reprocessed to obtain the mud beating mechanism positioning sleeve 1, when the prepared mud beating mechanism positioning sleeve 1 is repeatedly used for a long time, no gap is generated between the steel cylinder 11 and the copper layer 12, and the preparation method is simple, high in efficiency and suitable for large-scale industrial application.

In practical application, S504: the method also comprises the following steps before the copper material is overlaid on the outer wall of the steel cylinder 11 to obtain the positioning sleeve base body:

s502: and (4) carrying out surface decontamination treatment on the surface of the steel cylinder 11.

Specifically, the surface of the steel cylinder 11 is cleaned, such as water, alcohol, etc., so that the steel cylinder 11 exposes the metallic luster and keeps clean, and therefore, when the copper material is deposited on the outer wall of the steel cylinder 11, the bonding between the copper material and the outer wall of the steel cylinder 11 is better.

S503: preheating the steel cylinder 11 to 620-650 ℃, and preserving heat.

On one hand, the steel cylinder 11 is preheated, so that the bonding between molecules during welding can be promoted, cracks are prevented from being generated after welding, and the crystallization temperature of copper is higher than that of steel, so that the steel cylinder 11 is preheated to 620-650 ℃, the bonding between molecules during welding can be better, and the cracks are prevented from being generated after welding.

On the other hand, welding is one of metal hot working methods, and when overlaying, the internal structure of metal is changed variously due to the influence of welding thermal cycle of high-temperature heating and cooling on the local part of the metal, so that the mechanical property of a welding joint is directly influenced. In addition, due to the influence of the metallurgical conditions of the weld and different heating and cooling rates, structural inhomogeneities of the weld seam and the heat affected zone can be caused, which can also indirectly and directly influence the mechanical properties of the welded joint. Therefore, the whole steel cylinder 11 is heated and insulated before welding, so that the mechanical property of a welding joint can be changed or improved, the cooling speed of the welding joint is reduced, a hardening structure is avoided, the welding stress and deformation can be reduced, and the welding crack can be effectively prevented. The preheating method mainly comprises flame heating, heating by a heating furnace, far infrared heating, furnace heating, power frequency induction heating and the like.

Further, when a welded joint region having a large restraint is welded, a shrinkage stress is generated in the joint region due to rapid cooling and rapid heating, and a crack is caused. The joint area is preheated before welding, so that the shrinkage stress can be reduced, and the generation of cracks is further prevented. In addition, because the welding thermal conductivity of the copper material is high, the steel cylinder 11 also needs to be preheated to ensure the fusion of the copper material and the steel cylinder 11.

The steel cylinder 11 is preheated to 620-650 ℃, and particularly, the steel cylinder 11 is placed into a heating furnace to be integrally preheated, so that cracks can be well prevented from being generated. The preheating temperature of the steel cylinder 11 exceeds 650 ℃, which causes the metal grains near the fusion zone to coarsen, reduces the quality of the welding joint, and further deteriorates the working environment. And the preheating temperature of the steel cylinder 11 is lower than 620 ℃, so that a good preheating effect cannot be achieved.

In practical application, the heat preservation time is 1mm/min, namely when the length of the positioning sleeve is l₁mm, the heat preservation time is l₁mm × 1 min/mm. As shown in FIG. 1, in the embodiment of the present invention, the length l of the positioning sleeve₁=115mm, i.e. the incubation time is 115mm × 1min/mm =115 minutes, i.e. 115 minutes of incubation, about 2 h. The following provides a specific embodiment of a preparation method of the mud beating mechanism positioning sleeve 1:

example one

The steel cylinder 11 is machined by a machining mode, wherein the plane of the inner wall of the annular protrusion 111 close to the annular groove 112 is 110 degrees with the plane of the outer wall of the steel cylinder 11.

The surface of the steel cylinder 11 is subjected to surface desmutting treatment with water to expose the metallic luster of the steel cylinder 11 and keep the steel cylinder clean.

The steel cylinder 11 is put into a heating furnace to be integrally preheated to 620 ℃, the heat preservation time is calculated according to the length of the positioning sleeve 1 and the heat preservation time is 1min/mm, and the heat preservation is carried out according to the heat preservation time.

Cleaning impurities on the surface of the steel cylinder 11 after the steel cylinder is discharged out of the furnace, fixing the steel cylinder 11 on a rotary table, and continuously and uniformly heating the bottom of the steel cylinder by burning natural gas;

surfacing on the outer wall of the steel cylinder 11 by using an ERCuAI-A1 welding wire until the thickness of a surfacing layer reaches 8.5mm to obtain a positioning sleeve body, wherein the surfacing adopts semi-automatic surfacing by gas shielded welding and adopts multilayer multi-pass welding, and the process parameter is welding current Id = 240A; welding voltage Ud = 29V; gas flow Ld = 15L/min. The temperature between layers of the surfacing is controlled at 200 ℃, and an infrared thermometer is used for measurement. The arc was brought to the appropriate advanced position and the wire extended 10mm, with the weld bead overlap width of 1/3 weld bead widths.

After welding, checking the quality of the positioning sleeve body;

and (5) after no major defect is detected, burying the positioning sleeve body with quick lime, slowly cooling and preserving heat for 7 hours to obtain a positioning sleeve substrate.

And (3) reprocessing the outer wall of the positioning sleeve base body to obtain the positioning sleeve 1 of the mud beating mechanism, and checking the size after processing.

Example two

The steel cylinder 11 is machined by a machining mode, wherein the plane of the inner wall of the annular protrusion 111 close to the annular groove 112 is 120 degrees with the plane of the outer wall of the steel cylinder 11.

The surface of the steel cylinder 11 is subjected to desmutting treatment with alcohol to expose the metallic luster of the steel cylinder 11 and keep it clean.

The steel cylinder 11 is put into a heating furnace to be integrally preheated to 635 ℃, the heat preservation time is calculated according to the length of the positioning sleeve 1 and the heat preservation time is 1min/mm, and the heat preservation is carried out according to the heat preservation time.

Cleaning impurities on the surface of the steel cylinder 11 after the steel cylinder is discharged out of the furnace, fixing the steel cylinder 11 on a rotary table, and continuously and uniformly heating the bottom of the steel cylinder by burning natural gas;

surfacing on the outer wall of the steel cylinder 11 by using an ERCuAI-A1 welding wire until the thickness of a surfacing layer reaches 8mm to obtain a positioning sleeve body, wherein the surfacing adopts semi-automatic surfacing by gas shielded welding and adopts multilayer multi-pass welding, and the process parameter is welding current Id = 250A; welding voltage Ud = 30V; gas flow Ld = 16L/min. The temperature between layers of the surfacing is controlled at 225 ℃, and the temperature is measured by an infrared thermometer. The arc was brought to the appropriate advanced position and the wire extended 12.5mm, with the weld bead overlap width being 1/2 weld bead width.

After welding, checking the quality of the positioning sleeve body;

and (5) after no major defect is detected, burying the positioning sleeve body with quick lime, slowly cooling and preserving heat for 8 hours to obtain a positioning sleeve substrate.

And (3) reprocessing the outer wall of the positioning sleeve base body to obtain the positioning sleeve 1 of the mud beating mechanism, and checking the size after processing.

EXAMPLE III

The steel cylinder 11 is machined by a machining mode, wherein the plane of the inner wall of the annular protrusion 111 close to the annular groove 112 is 145 degrees with the plane of the outer wall of the steel cylinder 11.

The surface of the steel cylinder 11 is subjected to desmutting treatment with alcohol to expose the metallic luster of the steel cylinder 11 and keep it clean.

The steel cylinder 11 is put into a heating furnace to be integrally preheated to 650 ℃, the heat preservation time is calculated according to the length of the positioning sleeve 1 and the heat preservation time is 1min/mm, and the heat preservation is carried out according to the heat preservation time.

Cleaning impurities on the surface of the steel cylinder 11 after the steel cylinder is discharged out of the furnace, fixing the steel cylinder 11 on a rotary table, and continuously and uniformly heating the bottom of the steel cylinder by burning natural gas;

surfacing on the outer wall of the steel cylinder 11 by using an ERCuAI-A1 welding wire until the thickness of a surfacing layer reaches 7.5mm to obtain a positioning sleeve body, wherein the surfacing adopts semi-automatic surfacing by gas shielded welding and adopts multilayer multi-pass welding, and the process parameter is welding current Id = 260A; welding voltage Ud = 31V; gas flow Ld = 17L/min. The temperature between layers of the surfacing is controlled at 250 ℃, and an infrared thermometer is used for measuring. The arc was brought to the appropriate advanced position and the wire extended 15mm and the weld bead overlap width was 2/3 weld bead widths.

After welding, checking the quality of the positioning sleeve body;

and (5) after no major defect is detected, burying the positioning sleeve body with quick lime, slowly cooling and preserving heat for 9 hours to obtain a positioning sleeve substrate.

And (3) reprocessing the outer wall of the positioning sleeve base body to obtain the positioning sleeve 1 of the mud beating mechanism, and checking the size after processing.

The embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same or similar parts among the embodiments may be referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments.

The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and not to limit the present application; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.