阅读说明：本技术 一种多轴向纤维增强拉挤型材夹芯复合材料承重梁及制备方法 (Multi-axial fiber-reinforced pultruded profile sandwich composite spandrel girder and preparation method thereof ) 是由 方海 王蕴天 韩娟 霍瑞丽 杨晨 蔡炜 于 2020-08-28 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种多轴向纤维增强拉挤型材夹芯复合材料承重梁及制备方法,包括：拉挤管芯材、拉挤管封口材料、复合材料腹板和复合材料面板；拉挤管芯材为矩形截面,其外表面缠绕有缠绕纤维布,并且由拉挤管封口材料进行封口；拉挤管芯材设有多个,多个拉挤管芯材拼叠形成组合构件,呈梁的形状,多个拉挤管芯材拼叠形成的组合构件其表面外包有外包纤维布；本发明通过采用真空袋成型工艺将树脂灌入模具使得面板、腹板与芯材整体一次成型；本发明采用复合材料夹芯结构,以拉挤型材为芯材,以复合材料为面层及腹板,充分利用了拉挤型材和复合材料夹层结构两种的优点,使得构件抗压、抗弯、抗剪以及抗剥离能力显著提高解决了承载力低及界面剥离问题。(The invention discloses a multi-axial fiber reinforced pultruded profile sandwich composite spandrel girder and a preparation method thereof, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the composite material comprises a pultruded tube core material, a pultruded tube sealing material, a composite material web and a composite material panel; the core material of the pultrusion tube is a rectangular section, the outer surface of the pultrusion tube is wound with winding fiber cloth, and the pultrusion tube is sealed by a sealing material; the pulling and extruding pipe core materials are arranged in a plurality of numbers, the pulling and extruding pipe core materials are spliced and stacked to form a combined component in the shape of a beam, and the surface of the combined component formed by splicing and stacking the pulling and extruding pipe core materials is externally coated with fiber cloth; the invention adopts the vacuum bag forming process to fill resin into the mould to integrally form the panel, the web plate and the core material at one time; the invention adopts a composite material sandwich structure, takes the pultruded profile as a core material, takes the composite material as a surface layer and a web plate, and fully utilizes the advantages of the pultruded profile and the composite material sandwich structure, so that the compression resistance, bending resistance, shearing resistance and stripping resistance of the member are obviously improved, and the problems of low bearing capacity and interface stripping are solved.)

1. The utility model provides a multiaxial fibre reinforcing pultruded profile core combined material spandrel girder which characterized in that includes: the composite material comprises a pultruded tube core material, a pultruded tube sealing material, a composite material web and a composite material panel;

the core material of the pultrusion tube is of a rectangular cross section, the outer surface of the pultrusion tube is wound with winding fiber cloth, and the pultrusion tube is sealed by the sealing material; the pultrusion tube core material is provided with a plurality of pultrusion tube core materials which are spliced to form a combined component in a beam shape, and the mode of splicing and stacking the pultrusion tube core materials is as follows: horizontally splicing and stacking, vertically splicing and stacking, horizontally splicing and stacking a plurality of rows of pultruded tube core materials, and vertically splicing and stacking a plurality of layers of pultruded tube core materials;

the surface of the combined component formed by splicing and stacking the plurality of the pultrusion tube core materials is externally coated with externally coated fiber cloth;

the outer fiber cloth and resin are solidified into a composite material panel; in the combined member, winding fiber cloth and resin at the joint position of the pultrusion tube core materials which are adjacent up and down and/or adjacent left and right are cured into a composite material web; the composite material webs are arranged along the height direction and/or the length direction of the pultrusion pipe core material to form a spatial lattice web.

2. The spandrel girder of claim 1, wherein the sealing material of the pultruded tube is a composite sheet or a structural foam block, the composite sheet is sealed by gluing; the structural foam blocks are plugged into two ends of the pultrusion tube core material and are fixed for sealing; the composite material panel is wrapped with carbon fiber cloth.

3. The multi-axial fiber reinforced pultruded profile sandwich composite spandrel girder according to any of claims 1 to 2, wherein the material of the wrapping fiber cloth and the wrapping fiber cloth is: carbon fiber, glass fiber, aramid fiber or hybrid fiber cloth; the axial direction of the fibers in the winding fiber cloth and the outer wrapping fiber cloth is as follows: uniaxial, biaxial, or multiaxial; and light concrete is filled in the core material of the pultrusion tube.

4. The spandrel girder of a multiaxial fiber-reinforced pultruded profile sandwich composite according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the resins are selected from the following classes of resins: unsaturated polyester, vinyl, epoxy or phenolic resins.

5. The method for producing a spandrel girder of a multi-axial fiber reinforced pultruded profile sandwich composite according to any of the claims 1 to 2, comprising the steps of:

s1, sealing two ends of the pultrusion tube core material by using the pultrusion tube sealing material;

s2, laying and winding fiber cloth on the outer surface material of the sealed pultrusion tube core; the number of layers and the direction of the wound fiber cloth are as follows: single-layer unidirectional, single-layer bidirectional or multi-layer multidirectional;

s3, splicing and folding the tube core materials in the step S2 to form a combined member in the shape of a beam;

s4, laying one or more layers of fiber cloth outside the combined member;

s5, placing the combined component obtained in the step S4 in a vacuum bag or a mold, and pouring resin into the vacuum bag or the mold through a vacuum bag forming process, a vacuum lead-in forming process or an RTM forming process;

s6, after the resin is cured and molded, taking out the resin, and curing the fiber cloth and the resin to form a composite material panel; and (3) curing the wound fiber cloth and the resin at the joint positions of the core materials of the pultrusion tubes which are adjacent up and down and/or adjacent left and right in the combined component into a composite material web plate, thus obtaining the multi-axial fiber reinforced pultrusion type sandwich composite material bearing beam.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of composite materials, in particular to a multi-axial fiber reinforced pultruded profile sandwich composite spandrel girder and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The composite material is widely applied to the field of infrastructure due to the characteristics of light weight and high strength. At present, the concept of a composite material bearing beam is provided for reducing the structural weight of a bridge (particularly a suspension bridge which is particularly sensitive to weight).

Glass fiber reinforced composite (GFRP) is widely applied in the field of infrastructure due to the low price advantage, and a pultrusion cavity type profile is usually adopted, but the pultrusion profile usually mainly comprises longitudinal fibers, a large shearing force and stress concentration phenomenon exists at the joint of a panel and a web, and the fracture damage is easily generated at the middle part of the panel or the intersection of the panel and the web, so that the bearing capacity is low, and the existing pultrusion process is difficult to form a large-size section composite member, so that the GFRP is usually used for an auxiliary structure with low stress.

The sandwich structure of composite material with honeycomb, foam, balsa wood and other core material is one very wide structure for engineering application, and has increased section inertia moment and thus high bending strength and rigidity. However, the interface of the surface layer and the core material is easy to peel and damage during the manufacturing and service processes of the traditional composite material sandwich component, and the light weight and high strength characteristics of the traditional composite material sandwich component are seriously restricted.

The wooden sleeper for erecting the rails on the existing railway bridge has the problems of quality reduction, incomplete anticorrosion treatment and the like, so that the service performance and the service life of the wooden sleeper are gradually reduced, and the improvement of the operation speed, the axle weight and the transportation capacity is restricted. The composite material spandrel girder has the advantages of high strength, corrosion resistance, long service life, good track gauge retention capacity, flexible fastener installation, mechanized and continuous production and the like as a sleeper, has great advantages compared with a wooden sleeper, and has very good application prospect.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a multi-axial fiber reinforced pultruded profile sandwich composite spandrel girder and a preparation method thereof, mainly solving the problems: in the prior art, the interface of the surface layer and the core material is easy to peel and damage during the manufacturing and service processes of the composite material sandwich component, and the light weight and high strength characteristics of the sandwich component are seriously restricted.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

the invention discloses a multi-axial fiber reinforced pultruded profile sandwich composite spandrel girder, which comprises: the composite material comprises a pultruded tube core material, a pultruded tube sealing material, a composite material web and a composite material panel; the core material of the pultrusion tube is of a rectangular cross section, the outer surface of the pultrusion tube is wound with winding fiber cloth, and the pultrusion tube is sealed by the sealing material; the pultrusion tube core material is provided with a plurality of pultrusion tube core materials which are spliced to form a combined component in a beam shape, and the mode of splicing and stacking the pultrusion tube core materials is as follows: horizontally splicing and stacking, vertically splicing and stacking, horizontally splicing and stacking a plurality of rows of pultruded tube core materials, and vertically splicing and stacking a plurality of layers of pultruded tube core materials; the surface of the combined component formed by splicing and stacking the plurality of the pultrusion tube core materials is externally coated with externally coated fiber cloth; the outer fiber cloth and resin are solidified into a composite material panel; in the combined member, winding fiber cloth and resin at the joint position of the pultrusion tube core materials which are adjacent up and down and/or adjacent left and right are cured into a composite material web; the composite material webs are arranged along the height direction and/or the length direction of the pultrusion pipe core material to form a spatial lattice web.

Preferably, the sealing material of the pultrusion tube is a composite material sheet or a structural foam block, and the composite material sheet is sealed by gluing; the structural foam blocks are plugged into two ends of the pultrusion tube core material and are fixed for sealing; the composite material panel is wrapped with carbon fiber cloth.

Preferably, the size and the number of the core materials of the pultruded tube can be flexibly adopted according to the actual stress of the structure; the laying direction and the number of layers of the winding fiber cloth can be flexibly controlled according to the requirement; the laying direction and the number of layers of the outer wrapping fiber cloth can be flexibly controlled according to the requirement.

Preferably, the winding fiber cloth and the wrapping fiber cloth are made of the following materials: carbon fiber, glass fiber, aramid fiber or hybrid fiber cloth; the axial direction of the fibers in the winding fiber cloth and the outer wrapping fiber cloth is as follows: uniaxial, biaxial, or multiaxial; and light concrete is filled in the core material of the pultrusion tube.

Preferably, the resin is selected from the following classes of resins: unsaturated polyester, vinyl, epoxy or phenolic resins.

The invention also discloses a preparation method of the multi-axial fiber reinforced pultruded profile sandwich composite spandrel girder, which comprises the following steps:

s1, sealing two ends of the pultrusion tube core material by using the pultrusion tube sealing material;

s2, laying and winding fiber cloth on the outer surface material of the sealed pultrusion tube core; the number of layers and the direction of the wound fiber cloth are as follows: single-layer unidirectional, single-layer bidirectional or multi-layer multidirectional;

s3, splicing and folding the tube core materials in the step S2 to form a combined member in the shape of a beam;

s4, laying one or more layers of fiber cloth outside the combined member;

s5, placing the combined component obtained in the step S4 in a vacuum bag or a mold, and pouring resin into the vacuum bag or the mold through a vacuum bag forming process, a vacuum lead-in forming process or an RTM forming process;

s6, after the resin is cured and molded, taking out the resin, and curing the fiber cloth and the resin to form a composite material panel; and (3) curing the wound fiber cloth and the resin at the joint positions of the core materials of the pultrusion tubes which are adjacent up and down and/or adjacent left and right in the combined component into a composite material web plate, thus obtaining the multi-axial fiber reinforced pultrusion type sandwich composite material bearing beam.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the invention adopts the composite material sandwich structure, takes the composite material pultruded profile as the core material, takes the composite material as the surface layer and the web plate, and fully utilizes the advantages of the pultruded profile and the composite material sandwich structure, so that the compression resistance, bending resistance, shearing resistance and stripping resistance of the member are obviously improved, the problems of low bearing capacity and interface stripping are solved, and the actual engineering requirements are met.

2. Compared with the wood sleeper in the prior art, the invention has the advantages of high strength, corrosion resistance, long service life, good track gauge holding capacity, flexible fastener installation, mechanized and continuous production and the like, and has very good application prospect.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a multi-axial fiber reinforced pultruded profile sandwich composite spandrel girder, wherein core materials of the pultruded pipes are horizontally spliced.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a multi-axial fiber reinforced pultruded core composite spandrel girder with core materials of pultruded tubes vertically stacked.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a multi-axial fiber reinforced pultruded profile sandwich composite spandrel girder with multiple rows of pultruded tube core materials horizontally spliced.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a multi-axial fiber reinforced pultruded core composite spandrel girder with multiple layers of pultruded core materials vertically stacked.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an engineering application example of a multiaxial fiber reinforced pultruded profile sandwich composite spandrel girder.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the multi-axial fiber reinforced pultruded profile sandwich composite spandrel girder of FIG. 5.

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a fiber lay-up of a multi-axial fiber reinforced pultruded profile sandwich composite spandrel girder.

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the application of the engineering of a multi-axial fiber reinforced pultruded profile sandwich composite spandrel girder to a railroad sleeper.

FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of a multi-axial fiber reinforced pultruded profile sandwich composite spandrel girder of FIG. 8.

In the drawings: the composite material comprises 1 a pultrusion tube core material, 2 a pultrusion tube sealing material, 3 a winding fiber cloth, 4 an outer wrapping fiber cloth, 5 a composite material web, 6 a composite material panel and 7 a carbon fiber cloth.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.