阅读说明：本技术 一种烟草脱粒及缩短烟草繁殖周期的烟种收获方法 (Tobacco seed harvesting method for threshing tobacco and shortening tobacco propagation period ) 是由 谢强 周应兵 夏春 夏建华 刘桂虎 王文凤 张永辉 张明金 杨华应 李廷春 周本 于 2020-06-23 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种烟草脱粒及缩短烟草繁殖周期的烟种收获方法,步骤包括：在烟草果穗50％以上的蒴果果皮变黄后即开始采收果穗,去除果皮仍为绿色的青果,采摘后装入120目尼龙网袋并系紧袋口,然后在水泥地面反复摔打至蒴果破碎,而后进行晾晒1-2天,采用双层尼龙纱网进行清选,过滤果皮、枝干等组织,筛除细小破碎颗粒状物质,留下种子并进行装袋,储存备用。相比于现有技术,烟草繁殖周期可以缩短10天以上,该方法可有效缓解烟草繁殖周期,有利于加快烟草新品种或品系的筛选、鉴定,提高烟草新品种的选育效率。(The invention discloses a tobacco seed harvesting method for threshing tobacco and shortening the tobacco propagation period, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of harvesting clusters after 50% of capsule fruit peels of tobacco clusters turn yellow, removing green fruits from the fruit peels, putting the green fruits into a 120-mesh nylon mesh bag after picking, fastening a bag opening, repeatedly beating the green fruits on a cement ground until the capsule fruits are crushed, airing for 1-2 days, cleaning by adopting a double-layer nylon mesh, filtering tissues such as the fruit peels, branches and stems, screening out fine crushed granular substances, leaving seeds, bagging and storing for later use. Compared with the prior art, the tobacco breeding cycle can be shortened by more than 10 days, the method can effectively relieve the tobacco breeding cycle, is beneficial to accelerating the screening and identification of new tobacco varieties or strains, and improves the breeding efficiency of the new tobacco varieties.)

1. A tobacco threshing method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) loading the fruit cluster of the tobacco into a nylon mesh bag of 120 meshes, fastening a bag opening, and repeatedly beating in a cement ground until a capsule on the fruit cluster is crushed;

(2) spreading the nylon mesh bag on a cement ground, airing, turning over for 2 times every day, and airing for 1-2 days;

(3) threshing and cleaning: and (3) superposing and spreading two layers of nylon gauze, then unfastening the nylon mesh bag treated in the step (2), removing the branch parts of the clusters, slightly pouring the tissues left in the mesh bag on the nylon mesh, removing large granular tissues through the upper layer of nylon mesh, and removing fine granular substances mixed in tobacco seeds through the lower layer of nylon mesh.

(4) And bagging the seeds left on the lower layer of the nylon gauze, and storing for later use.

2. The tobacco threshing method of claim 1, wherein the two nylon gauzes of step (3) comprise an upper 60-mesh nylon gauze and a lower 120-mesh nylon gauze.

3. A method of threshing tobacco as claimed in claim 1, wherein the large grain tissues include pericarp and twigs.

4. A method of threshing tobacco as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (1), 1-3 ears are placed in each mesh bag.

5. A tobacco seed harvesting method for shortening the tobacco reproduction cycle is characterized by comprising the following steps: harvesting the fruit cluster after 50% or more of capsule fruit peel of tobacco fruit cluster turns yellow, removing green fruit peel, loading the harvested fruit cluster into 120-mesh net bag, air drying, threshing, cleaning, and performing south propagation.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of tobacco seed reproduction and harvesting, in particular to a tobacco seed harvesting method for threshing tobacco and shortening the reproduction period of the tobacco seed.

Background

The seeds of the tobacco are capsule seeds, when the seeds are normally harvested, the seeds can be harvested only when one third of capsule peels on the fruit ears are changed into brown and two thirds of peels are changed into yellow, and the harvested fruit ears can be threshed only after being air-dried or aired. Because the tobacco seeds are tiny, each capsule contains a large amount of tobacco seeds, the water in the capsule is slowly lost due to the protection of fruit peels, the time of 12-15 days is needed for completely airing and drying, the time of 15-20 days is needed for the tobacco seeds from harvesting to airing, threshing and cleaning, the time is long, the labor is large, and the cost is increased. In order to accelerate the cultivation of a new excellent tobacco variety (line), tobacco breeders mostly adopt a south-breeding generation-adding mode to accelerate the screening and identification of progeny materials, but because the time from harvesting to threshing and cleaning of tobacco seeds is longer, the propagation period is longer in the generation-adding process of the tobacco materials, the sowing time of the progeny materials is delayed, the labor cost of the south breeding of the tobacco is increased, and the rapid cultivation of the new tobacco variety (line) is not facilitated.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides a tobacco seed harvesting method for threshing tobacco and shortening the tobacco propagation period, and aims to solve the technical problem that normal sowing is delayed due to generation addition caused by longer seed harvesting, airing and threshing time.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

the invention provides a tobacco threshing method, which comprises the following steps:

(1) loading the fruit cluster of the tobacco into a nylon mesh bag of 120 meshes, fastening a bag opening, and repeatedly beating in a cement ground until a capsule on the fruit cluster is crushed;

(2) spreading the nylon mesh bag on a cement ground, airing, turning over for 2 times every day, and airing for 1-2 days;

(3) threshing and cleaning: and (3) superposing and spreading two layers of nylon gauze, then unfastening the nylon mesh bag treated in the step (2), removing the branch parts of the clusters, slightly pouring the tissues left in the mesh bag on the nylon mesh, removing large granular tissues through the upper layer of nylon mesh, and removing fine granular substances mixed in tobacco seeds through the lower layer of nylon mesh.

(4) And bagging the seeds left on the lower layer of the nylon gauze, and storing for later use.

As a further optimization scheme of the invention, the two layers of nylon gauze in the step (3) comprise an upper layer of 60-mesh nylon gauze and a lower layer of 120-mesh nylon gauze.

As a further optimization scheme of the invention, the large granular tissues comprise pericarp and twigs.

As a further optimization scheme of the invention, in the step (1), 1-3 clusters are filled in each mesh bag.

The invention also provides a tobacco seed harvesting method for shortening the tobacco propagation cycle, which comprises the following steps: harvesting the fruit cluster after more than 50% of capsule fruit peel of tobacco fruit cluster turns yellow, removing green fruit peel, loading the harvested fruit cluster into 120-mesh bags, air drying, threshing, cleaning, and performing generation addition or seed reproduction.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

the invention provides a tobacco seed harvesting method for threshing tobacco and shortening the tobacco propagation period, compared with the prior art, the tobacco propagation period can be shortened by more than 10 days, the method can effectively relieve the contradiction between tobacco generation addition and normal sowing, is favorable for accelerating the screening and identification of new tobacco varieties (lines), and improves the breeding efficiency of the new tobacco varieties.

Detailed Description

The following examples are given for the detailed implementation and specific operation of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.