阅读说明：本技术 一种高硅铝合金材料熔化压铸工艺 (Melting and die-casting process for high-silicon aluminum alloy material ) 是由 辛晓光 于 2020-07-10 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种高硅铝合金材料熔化压铸工艺,包括以下步骤：(1)将铝锭与回炉料按(6-7):(2-5)质量比混合,并在不低于850℃下熔炼,出炉得到物料A；(2)在物料A中吹入氮气进行精炼,再加入变质剂进行变质处理得到物料B；(3)将物料B进行压铸处理,其温度控制在780℃以上；(4)将压铸处理后的物料B去除浇口,清理飞边毛刺,抛丸处理,得到所述的高硅铝合金材料。本发明中通过控制熔炼和压铸的温度,得到的高硅铝合金材料具有较高的耐磨性能,且本发明中的工艺简单,更加适用于大工业化生产。(The invention discloses a melting and die-casting process of a high-silicon aluminum alloy material, which comprises the following steps of: (1) mixing an aluminum ingot with a foundry returns according to the mass ratio of (6-7) to (2-5), smelting at the temperature of not less than 850 ℃, and discharging to obtain a material A; (2) blowing nitrogen into the material A for refining, and then adding a modifier for modification treatment to obtain a material B; (3) carrying out die-casting treatment on the material B, wherein the temperature is controlled to be above 780 ℃; (4) and removing a pouring gate of the material B after the die casting treatment, cleaning burrs and fins, and performing shot blasting treatment to obtain the high-silicon aluminum alloy material. The high-silicon aluminum alloy material obtained by controlling the smelting and die-casting temperatures has higher wear resistance, and the process is simple and is more suitable for large-scale industrial production.)

1. A melting and die-casting process for a high-silicon aluminum alloy material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

(1) mixing an aluminum ingot with a foundry returns according to the mass ratio of (6-7) to (2-5), and smelting at the temperature of not less than 850 ℃ to obtain a material A;

(2) blowing nitrogen into the material A for refining, and then adding a modifier for modification treatment to obtain a material B;

(3) carrying out die-casting treatment on the material B, wherein the temperature is controlled to be above 780 ℃;

(4) and removing a pouring gate of the material B after the die casting treatment, cleaning burrs and fins, and performing shot blasting treatment to obtain the high-silicon aluminum alloy material.

2. The melting and die-casting process of the high-silicon aluminum alloy material as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the content of chemical components in the aluminum ingot is as follows: 19.2 to 21 percent of Si, 0.7 to 0.9 percent of Mg, less than or equal to 1.0 percent of Fe and the balance of Al; the contents of chemical components in the scrap returns are as follows: 19.2 to 21 percent of Si, 0.4 to 0.6 percent of Mg, and less than or equal to 1.0 percent of Fe; the smelting temperature is 850-900 ℃.

3. The melting and die-casting process of the high-silicon aluminum alloy material as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the refining temperature is 900-950 ℃ and the time is 3-6 min.

4. The method for melting and die-casting the high-silicon aluminum alloy material according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the modifier is AL-P alloy, and the addition amount of the modifier is 10% of the mass of the material A; the modification treatment temperature is 900-920 ℃, and the modification treatment time is 8-12 min.

5. The melting and die-casting process of the high-silicon aluminum alloy material as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the die-casting treatment in the step (3), the temperature of the material B is controlled to be 780-850 ℃, and the temperature of the die is controlled to be 180-260 ℃.

6. The melting and die-casting process of the high-silicon aluminum alloy material as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the shot blasting treatment comprises the following steps: placing the material B after flash and burr cleaning in a shot blasting machine for shot blasting for 3-6 min; wherein the grain diameter of the steel shot in the shot blasting machine is 0.2-0.6 mm.

7. The melting and die-casting process of the high-silicon aluminum alloy material as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the size of primary silicon in the high-silicon aluminum alloy material is 10-50 μm, and the silicon content is 18-20%.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of non-ferrous alloy pressure casting, in particular to a melting and die-casting process for a high-silicon aluminum alloy material.

Background

The aluminum-silicon alloy has the advantages of small density, good fluidity, high specific strength and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, petrifaction, automobiles, machinery, civil use and the like. However, the existing aluminum-silicon alloy material usually comprises aluminum, silicon, magnesium, iron, copper, zinc and other components, and because the content of each element in the alloy is different, the spatial distribution of each element in the alloy is greatly different, so that the comprehensive properties of each alloy are different, and particularly the difference in mechanical properties is large.

Further, the aluminum-silicon alloy is a forging and casting alloy containing aluminum and silicon as main components, generally containing 11% of silicon, and a small amount of copper, iron, and nickel is added to improve strength.

Currently, aluminum silicon alloys have the following uses: 1. in the aluminum-silicon alloy with silicon content exceeding Al-Si eutectic point (silicon is 11.7%), silicon particles can obviously improve the wear resistance of the alloy, and the wear-resistant alloy with wide application range is formed. 2. The brazing filler metal is used for manufacturing low-medium-strength castings with complex shapes, such as cover plates, motor shells, brackets and the like, and is also used as brazing filler metal. 3. The Al-Si alloy is a strong composite deoxidant, and can replace pure Al in steel-smelting process to raise the utilization rate of deoxidant, purify molten steel and raise steel quality. The ingot deoxidized by aluminum, generally called as killed steel, has better comprehensive mechanical properties because the aluminum is oxidized into aluminum oxide after being deoxidized, and the aluminum oxide can refine austenite grains. 4. The silicon-aluminum alloy has small density, low thermal expansion coefficient, good casting performance and wear resistance, and the alloy casting cast by the silicon-aluminum alloy has high impact resistance and high-pressure compactness, can greatly improve the service life, and is commonly used for producing aerospace vehicles and automobile parts. In addition, the mechanical properties of the existing silicon-aluminum alloy do not achieve better effects.

Therefore, the problem that needs to be solved by those skilled in the art is how to provide a melting and die-casting method with simple process and simple process, wherein the melting and die-casting method can be used for preparing a high-silicon aluminum alloy material with good mechanical properties.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention provides a melting and die-casting process which is simple in process and the prepared high-silicon aluminum alloy material has good mechanical properties.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a melting and die-casting process of a high-silicon aluminum alloy material comprises the following steps:

(1) mixing an aluminum ingot with a foundry returns according to the mass ratio of (6-7) to (2-5), and smelting at the temperature of not less than 850 ℃ to obtain a material A;

(2) blowing nitrogen into the material A for refining, and then adding a modifier for modification treatment to obtain a material B;

(3) carrying out die-casting treatment on the material B, wherein the temperature is controlled to be above 780 ℃;

(4) and removing a pouring gate of the material B after the die casting treatment, cleaning burrs and fins, and performing shot blasting treatment to obtain the high-silicon aluminum alloy material.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the high-silicon aluminum alloy material obtained by controlling the smelting and die-casting temperatures has higher wear resistance, and the process is simple and is more suitable for large-scale industrial production.

Preferably, the mass ratio of the aluminum ingot to the foundry returns is 7: 3.

Preferably, in the step (1), the content of the chemical components of the aluminum ingot is as follows: 19.2 to 21 percent of Si, 0.7 to 0.9 percent of Mg, less than or equal to 1.0 percent of Fe and the balance of Al; the contents of chemical components in the scrap returns are as follows: 19.2 to 21 percent of Si, 0.4 to 0.6 percent of Mg, and less than or equal to 1.0 percent of Fe; the smelting temperature is 850-900 ℃.

Adopt above-mentioned technical scheme's beneficial effect: si in the material can be fully melted, and the crystal grains are uniform.

Preferably, in the step (2), the refining temperature is 900-950 ℃ and the time is 3-6min, and more preferably 4 min.

Adopt above-mentioned technical scheme's beneficial effect: impurities in the efficiently treated material can be sufficiently refined within the above-mentioned refining temperature and time ranges.

Preferably, in the step (2), the alterant is AL-P alloy, and the addition amount of the alterant is 10% of the mass of the material A; the modification treatment temperature is 900-920 ℃, and the modification treatment time is 8-12min, and more preferably 10 min. The addition amount of the AL-P alloy is added according to the level of 2-4 per mill of the P content in the finally obtained high-silicon aluminum alloy material.

Adopt above-mentioned technical scheme's beneficial effect: the eutectic structure and primary crystal silicon of the alloy are refined, and the wear resistance and stability of the material are improved.

Preferably, in the die casting treatment process in the step (3), the temperature of the material B is controlled to be 780-850 ℃, and the temperature of the die is controlled to be 180-260 ℃.

Adopt above-mentioned technical scheme's beneficial effect: the fluidity of the material can be ensured in the temperature range of the die-casting treatment, and the internal quality of the product can be controlled.

Preferably, step (4), the shot blasting treatment: placing the material B after the flash and burr cleaning in a shot blasting machine for shot blasting for 3-6min, more preferably 4 min; wherein the grain diameter of the steel shot in the shot blasting machine is 0.2-0.6 mm.

Adopt above-mentioned technical scheme's beneficial effect: the shot blasting treatment is adopted to refine the surface of the product and obtain the product with uniform quality.

Preferably, in the step (4), the size of primary silicon in the high-silicon aluminum alloy material is 10-50 μm, the average size is 15-40 μm, and the silicon content is 18-20%.

Adopt above-mentioned technical scheme's beneficial effect: the wear resistance and the stability of the material are improved.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a line graph showing percentage by number distribution of different grain sizes of the high-silicon aluminum alloy material obtained in example 1;

FIG. 2 is a line graph showing the percentage of number distribution of different grain sizes of the high silicon aluminum alloy material obtained in example 1 after 10min of separation from FIG. 1.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.