阅读说明：本技术 一种高强耐寒改性型玻璃棉纤维材料的制备方法 (Preparation method of high-strength cold-resistant modified glass wool fiber material ) 是由 韦杰 于 2020-07-08 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种高强耐寒改性型玻璃棉纤维材料的制备方法,属于保温材料技术领域。本发明技术方案采用硅溶胶为包覆粘结剂材料,用长度较长的玻璃纤维制成的复合材料相较之于短玻璃纤维制成的复合材料通常有更大的刚度和强度,在粘结剂的作用下,这些纤维彼此融合,并且纤维之间存在摩擦。因此,玻璃棉毡的纤维受力通过粘结剂的粘结作用和纤维间的摩擦力传导横跨整个棉毡从而可以承受更大的拉伸载荷,同时高温处理过后,粘结剂部分也不会被分解、碳化并挥发,使整个玻璃棉毡结构发生改变,从而有效提高了力学性能。(The invention relates to a preparation method of a high-strength cold-resistant modified glass wool fiber material, belonging to the technical field of heat insulation materials. According to the technical scheme, silica sol is used as a coating binder material, and the composite material made of the glass fibers with longer length generally has higher rigidity and strength compared with the composite material made of the short glass fibers, and the fibers are fused with each other and have friction under the action of the binder. Therefore, the fiber stress of the glass cotton felt spans the whole cotton felt through the bonding effect of the adhesive and the friction force among the fibers, so that the glass cotton felt can bear larger tensile load, and meanwhile, after high-temperature treatment, the adhesive part cannot be decomposed, carbonized and volatilized, so that the structure of the whole glass cotton felt is changed, and the mechanical property is effectively improved.)

1. A preparation method of a high-strength cold-resistant modified glass wool fiber material is characterized by comprising the following specific preparation steps:

(1) respectively weighing 45-50 parts by weight of silicon dioxide, 10-15 parts by weight of sodium oxide, 3-5 parts by weight of quicklime, 1-2 parts by weight of magnesium oxide, 3-5 parts by weight of aluminum oxide, 0.5-1.0 part by weight of potassium oxide, 3-5 parts by weight of boron oxide and 0.01-0.05 part by weight of iron oxide, placing the materials into a stirrer, stirring, mixing, ball-milling and screening, collecting ball-milled mixture, placing the mixture into a crucible, placing the crucible into a resistance furnace, heating, melting while maintaining the temperature, collecting melt, flowing out through a bushing, collecting primary fibers, straightening by using a rubber roller, collecting straightened fibers, performing secondary melting treatment, collecting secondary fibers, and collecting and treating by using a cotton collector to obtain matrix glass cotton fibers;

(2) respectively weighing 45-50 parts by weight of deionized water, 25-30 parts by weight of water glass and 3-5 parts by weight of formamide, placing the materials into a triangular flask, sealing and hydrolyzing at room temperature to obtain a modified solution, respectively weighing 45-50 parts by weight of n-heptane, 3-5 parts by weight of span-80, 1-2 parts by weight of tween-80 and 10-15 parts by weight of n-butanol, placing the materials into a beaker, stirring, mixing and collecting to obtain an oil phase, dropwise adding the modified solution into the oil phase according to a mass ratio of 1:5, stirring and mixing, collecting a mixed phase, regulating the pH value to 6.0, stirring, mixing and collecting gel particles;

(3) adding gel particles into absolute ethyl alcohol according to a mass ratio of 1:25, stirring, mixing and ultrasonically dispersing, collecting dispersed slurry, drying and aging, collecting dry gel particles, weighing 45-50 parts by weight of n-hexane, 6-8 parts by weight of trimethylchlorosilane and 10-15 parts by weight of dry gel particles respectively, placing the dry gel particles into a three-neck flask, stirring, mixing, washing with the n-hexane, and carrying out vacuum drying to obtain modified aerogel particles;

(4) adding modified aerogel particles into silica sol according to the mass ratio of 1:15, stirring and mixing, performing ultrasonic dispersion, collecting dispersed slurry, placing the dispersed slurry into an atomizer, uniformly atomizing and spraying the dispersed slurry on the surface of matrix glass cotton fiber, and drying after spraying is finished to obtain the high-strength cold-resistant modified glass cotton fiber material.

2. The preparation method of the high-strength cold-resistant modified glass wool fiber material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the heating is carried out by heating to 1280-1400 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, and the melting is carried out in a heat preservation way.

3. The preparation method of the high-strength cold-resistant modified glass wool fiber material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the bushing plate is a 200-hole bushing plate, and the hole diameter is 25 mm.

4. The preparation method of the high-strength cold-resistant modified glass wool fiber material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the primary fiber is straightened by a rubber roller with the linear speed of 3-5 m/min.

5. The preparation method of the high-strength cold-resistant modified glass wool fiber material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the secondary melting treatment is that the traction speed of the rubber roller is controlled to be 250-300 m/s, and the heat preservation traction melting treatment is carried out at 1400-1500 ℃.

6. The preparation method of the high-strength cold-resistant modified glass wool fiber material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the cotton collector is used for collecting cotton at the negative pressure air frequency of 40-45 Hz.

7. The preparation method of the high-strength cold-resistant modified glass wool fiber material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the solid content of the water glass is 20 percent.

8. The preparation method of the high-strength cold-resistant modified glass wool fiber material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the stirring speed of the stirring and mixing treatment is 2500-3000 r/min.

9. The preparation method of the high-strength cold-resistant modified glass wool fiber material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the pH value is adjusted to 6.0 by adopting 10% ammonia water by mass fraction.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a preparation method of a high-strength cold-resistant modified glass wool fiber material, belonging to the technical field of heat insulation materials.

Background

Glass wool belongs to one class of glass fibers, a man-made inorganic fiber. The glass wool is a material which is formed by fiberizing molten glass into wool, has chemical components belonging to glass, is an inorganic fiber and has the advantages of good forming, small volume density, thermal conductivity , heat preservation and insulation, good sound absorption performance, corrosion resistance and stable chemical performance.

The traditional glass wool preparation raw materials are quartz sand, limestone, feldspar, calcite and other ore raw materials, but the quartz sand, limestone, feldspar and calcite are all refractory or non-fluxing components, and the ore materials in nature contain more impurities, so that the stability of the glass wool components is increased difficultly, the change is large in the use process, the melting rate is influenced, and the production energy consumption is increased.

The glass wool belongs to an inorganic heat-insulating material, is an important member in the field of heat-insulating materials, not only has the excellent properties of non-combustibility, small heat conductivity coefficient, good chemical stability and the like, but also can be compounded with other materials or deeply processed, thereby expanding the application field of products. As the glass wool product is more and more widely applied to industries such as building, metallurgy, petroleum, chemical industry, national defense and military industry and the like and high and new technology industries, the glass wool product plays an important role in the national economic development.

CN201410853918.0 discloses a glass wool ceiling, it includes glass wool board layer, glass fiber mat layer, gypsum coating layer, and the glass wool board layer adds the centrifugal glass wool fibre that adds the environmental protection resin binder and makes, and the mass ratio of centrifugal glass wool fibre and environmental protection resin binder, gypsum coating is: 85-93: 7-15: 2-3; the preparation method comprises the steps of uniformly spraying the environment-friendly resin binder on the surface of centrifugal glass cotton fiber in an atomized state, collecting cotton by a cotton collector, compressing, conveying, curing in a curing furnace to obtain a glass cotton plate, then pasting the glass fiber felt on the glass cotton plate, and spraying a compressed gypsum coating according to different decorative patterns;

CN201010168427.4 discloses a method for producing superfine glass wool products, which adopts waste glass, soda ash, feldspar and borax as main raw materials to prepare glass wool. However, there is a problem in that the shot in the glass wool cannot be completely eliminated.

However, glass wool is relatively brittle and generally has low mechanical strength, and cellulose breakage is likely to occur after long-term use. Meanwhile, the glass wool is a heat-insulating material with a small heat conductivity coefficient, and compared with other raw materials, the glass wool is adhered with an adhesive on the surface, and the adhesive is easy to generate stickiness when being heated and even cause the deformation of the glass wool, so that when the glass wool is used as a heat-insulating layer, the heat conductivity coefficient of the glass wool is greatly reduced in order not to influence the use effect and the service life of the glass wool, the stability of the glass wool under a high-temperature condition is further improved, and the glass wool has important value.

However, the glass wool in the current market has high moisture absorption rate and water absorption rate, so that the heat preservation effect and tensile strength of the glass wool are greatly reduced in a wet state, the bearing capacity of the glass wool is reduced, and potential safety hazards exist. At present, the common method for improving the waterproof and air permeability problems of the interlayer of the glass wool board is to paste a layer of aluminum foil paper or plastic film on the two sides or the single side of the glass wool board, but the processing materials only forcibly block moisture, and once the glass wool board is damaged, the moisture enters the glass wool board, so that the heat insulation performance and the strength of the glass wool board are greatly reduced. The existing glass wool board has high heat conductivity coefficient which is generally 0.038W/(m.k), has undesirable heat insulation effect and is difficult to meet the standard requirement of building energy saving of 75 percent. In addition, the glass wool can not meet the requirements of customers on products in alpine regions, coastal defense regions and the like, has a certain formaldehyde release amount, has a certain potential safety hazard, can not meet the increasingly high requirements of the current world on the environment, and limits the popularization and application of the glass wool of the traditional process in other fields.

Therefore, with the increasing demand of the market for the quality of glass wool, a product with good waterproof performance, excellent mechanical performance and heat preservation performance is developed, and the product becomes a problem to be solved in the heat preservation and heat preservation material industry.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: aiming at the problem that the bearing capacity of glass wool is poor due to the fact that the heat preservation effect and the tensile strength of the glass wool in the current market are greatly reduced in a wet state, the preparation method of the high-strength cold-resistant modified glass wool fiber material is provided.

In order to solve the technical problem of the preparation method of the oil-water separation type copper-based mesh film material, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

(1) respectively weighing 45-50 parts by weight of silicon dioxide, 10-15 parts by weight of sodium oxide, 3-5 parts by weight of quicklime, 1-2 parts by weight of magnesium oxide, 3-5 parts by weight of aluminum oxide, 0.5-1.0 part by weight of potassium oxide, 3-5 parts by weight of boron oxide and 0.01-0.05 part by weight of iron oxide, placing the materials into a stirrer, stirring, mixing, ball-milling and screening, collecting ball-milled mixture, placing the mixture into a crucible, placing the crucible into a resistance furnace, heating, melting while maintaining the temperature, collecting melt, flowing out through a bushing, collecting primary fibers, straightening by using a rubber roller, collecting straightened fibers, performing secondary melting treatment, collecting secondary fibers, and collecting and treating by using a cotton collector to obtain matrix glass cotton fibers;

(2) respectively weighing 45-50 parts by weight of deionized water, 25-30 parts by weight of water glass and 3-5 parts by weight of formamide, placing the materials into a triangular flask, sealing and hydrolyzing at room temperature to obtain a modified solution, respectively weighing 45-50 parts by weight of n-heptane, 3-5 parts by weight of span-80, 1-2 parts by weight of tween-80 and 10-15 parts by weight of n-butanol, placing the materials into a beaker, stirring, mixing and collecting to obtain an oil phase, dropwise adding the modified solution into the oil phase according to a mass ratio of 1:5, stirring and mixing, collecting a mixed phase, regulating the pH value to 6.0, stirring, mixing and collecting gel particles;

(3) adding gel particles into absolute ethyl alcohol according to a mass ratio of 1:25, stirring, mixing and ultrasonically dispersing, collecting dispersed slurry, drying and aging, collecting dry gel particles, weighing 45-50 parts by weight of n-hexane, 6-8 parts by weight of trimethylchlorosilane and 10-15 parts by weight of dry gel particles respectively, placing the dry gel particles into a three-neck flask, stirring, mixing, washing with the n-hexane, and carrying out vacuum drying to obtain modified aerogel particles;

(4) adding modified aerogel particles into silica sol according to the mass ratio of 1:15, stirring and mixing, performing ultrasonic dispersion, collecting dispersed slurry, placing the dispersed slurry into an atomizer, uniformly atomizing and spraying the dispersed slurry on the surface of matrix glass cotton fiber, and drying after spraying is finished to obtain the high-strength cold-resistant modified glass cotton fiber material.

The heating is carried out by heating to 1280-1400 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, and the melting is carried out in a heat preservation way.

The bushing plate is a 200-hole bushing plate, and the hole diameter is 25 mm.

The primary fiber is straightened by a rubber roller with the linear speed of 3-5 m/min.

The secondary melting treatment is that the traction speed of the rubber roller is controlled to be 250-300 m/s, and the heat preservation traction melting treatment is carried out at 1400-1500 ℃.

The cotton collector is used for collecting cotton at the negative pressure air frequency of 40-45 Hz.

The solid content of the water glass is 20 percent.

The stirring speed of the stirring and mixing treatment is 2500-3000 r/min.

The pH value is adjusted to 6.0 by adopting 10% ammonia water by mass fraction.

Compared with other methods, the method has the beneficial technical effects that:

(1) the technical scheme of the invention adopts aerogel microspheres for coating modification, carries out atomized particle coating modification by loading the aerogel microspheres on the surface of a silica sol material, and has the advantages that as microcracks with different sizes and different quantities exist on the surface of glass fibers and are distributed in the whole area of the glass fibers, when an external force is applied, an unbalanced area and a weak area are firstly torn to form a microcrack blank, the silica sol material is adopted for coating, when the force is applied to a glass fiber cotton felt, the microcracks cannot generate a stress concentration effect, the maximum tensile stress at the microcracks is less than the average tensile stress of the fibers, and the microcracks cannot expand under the action of thermal stress during high-temperature treatment, so that the mechanical property is further enhanced, and meanwhile, the specific surface area of the existing glass fibers is effectively improved, the silica sol adopted by the technical scheme of the invention is a coating binder material, and the composite material made of glass fibers with longer length has higher rigidity and strength compared with the composite material made of short glass fibers, and the fibers are fused with each other under the action of the binder, and friction exists between the fibers. Therefore, the fiber stress of the glass cotton felt spans the whole cotton felt through the bonding effect of the adhesive and the friction force among the fibers so as to bear larger tensile load, and meanwhile, after high-temperature treatment, the adhesive part cannot be decomposed, carbonized and volatilized, so that the structure of the whole glass cotton felt is changed, and the mechanical property is effectively improved;

(2) according to the technical scheme, the aerogel material is adopted to prepare the microsphere structure for coating modification, and the aerogel microspheres are coated and modified to effectively coat and protect the glass fiber cotton, so that the temperature change is effectively prevented while the temperature is greatly changed, and the cold resistance and stability of the material are further improved.

Detailed Description

Respectively weighing 45-50 parts by weight of silicon dioxide, 10-15 parts by weight of sodium oxide, 3-5 parts by weight of quicklime, 1-2 parts by weight of magnesium oxide, 3-5 parts by weight of aluminum oxide, 0.5-1.0 part by weight of potassium oxide, 3-5 parts by weight of boron oxide and 0.01-0.05 part by weight of iron oxide, placing the materials into a stirrer, stirring, mixing and ball-milling the materials, sieving the materials with a 200-mesh sieve, collecting ball-milled mixture, placing the mixture into a crucible, placing the crucible into a resistance furnace, heating to 1280-1400 ℃ at the temperature of 5 ℃/min, preserving heat, melting, collecting melt, allowing the melt to flow out through a 200-hole bushing, controlling the aperture of the bushing to be 25mm, collecting primary fibers, straightening the fibers by using a rubber roller with the linear speed of 3-5 m/min, collecting the straightened fibers and carrying out secondary melting treatment, controlling the traction speed of 250-300 m/s, preserving heat, drawing, melting treatment at the temperature of 1500-1500 ℃, collecting, obtaining matrix glass wool fibers; respectively weighing 45-50 parts by weight of deionized water, 25-30 parts by weight of water glass with 20% of solid content and 3-5 parts by weight of formamide, placing the materials in a triangular flask, sealing and hydrolyzing at room temperature for 20-24 hours to obtain a modified solution, respectively weighing 45-50 parts by weight of n-heptane, 3-5 parts by weight of span-80, 1-2 parts by weight of tween-80 and 10-15 parts by weight of n-butanol in a beaker, stirring and mixing the materials, collecting an oil phase, dropwise adding the modified solution into the oil phase according to a mass ratio of 1:5, stirring and mixing the obtained product at 2500-3000 r/min, collecting a mixed phase, adjusting the pH value to 6.0 by using 10% by mass of ammonia water, stirring and mixing the obtained product, collecting gel particles, adding the gel particles into anhydrous ethanol according to a mass ratio of 1:25, stirring and mixing the obtained product, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 10-15 minutes, collecting dispersed slurry, placing the dispersed slurry in a drying oven at 35-40 ℃, drying, collecting dry gel particles, respectively weighing 45-50 parts by weight of n-hexane, 6-8 parts by weight of trimethylchlorosilane and 10-15 parts by weight of dry gel particles in a three-neck flask, stirring and mixing, washing for 3-5 times by using the n-hexane, and performing vacuum drying to obtain modified aerogel particles; adding modified aerogel particles into silica sol with the solid content of 1% according to the mass ratio of 1:15, stirring, mixing and ultrasonically dispersing for 10-15 min, collecting dispersed slurry, placing the dispersed slurry into an atomizer, uniformly atomizing and spraying the dispersed slurry on the surface of matrix glass cotton fiber, and drying for 6-10 min at 145-150 ℃ after spraying is finished, thus preparing the high-strength cold-resistant modified glass cotton fiber material.