阅读说明：本技术 一种超速档和倒挡的锁止装置及锁止方法 (Locking device and locking method for overdrive and reverse gear ) 是由 强革涛 许明中 温青建 于 2020-05-28 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开的一种超速档和倒挡的锁止装置及锁止方法,通过支座设置在操纵壳体上,并在换挡导块的端部设置拨杆,换挡导块带动拨杆触发支座上的导块转动,在挂入超速挡时,拨杆位于导块锁止槽的开口侧,在摘挡的过程中,拨杆进入锁止槽中并带动导块转动,当第一止转面对导块定位,此时拨杆仍然为锁止槽中,进而现在换挡导块转动至倒挡位置,实现超速挡摘挡过程中误挂入倒挡的问题；该锁止装置布置在操纵壳体上,与现有的锁至机构布置在变速器壳体及拨叉轴上有较大区别,该锁止装置在不改变当前产品整体结构布置的前提下,彻底解决驾驶者将超速挡误摘入倒挡的潜在安全问题。(The invention discloses a locking device and a locking method for an overdrive gear and a reverse gear, wherein a support is arranged on an operation shell, a shifting rod is arranged at the end part of a shifting guide block, the shifting guide block drives the shifting rod to trigger a guide block on the support to rotate, the shifting rod is positioned at the opening side of a guide block locking groove when the overdrive gear is engaged, the shifting rod enters the locking groove and drives the guide block to rotate in the gear disengaging process, when a first rotation stopping surface positions the guide block, the shifting rod is still in the locking groove, and then the shifting guide block rotates to the reverse gear position at present, so that the problem of mistakenly engaging the reverse gear in the overdrive gear disengaging process is solved; the locking device is arranged on the control shell, and is greatly different from the existing lock to mechanism arrangement on a transmission shell and a shifting fork shaft, and the potential safety problem that a driver mistakenly takes the overdrive gear into the reverse gear is thoroughly solved on the premise of not changing the overall structure arrangement of the current product.)

1. A locking device for an overdrive gear and a reverse gear is characterized by comprising a support (11), a spring (8), a steel ball (12), a guide block (13) and a deflector rod (15);

the shift lever is characterized in that the support (11) is mounted on the control shell, a spring hole with an opening at one end is formed in the support (11), the guide block (13) is connected to the opening end of the spring hole in a pin mode, the spring (8) and the steel ball (12) are arranged in the spring hole, and the shift lever (15) and the shift guide block synchronously move and are used for triggering the guide block (13) to rotate;

a positioning groove (19) is formed in the top of the guide block, the steel ball (12) is located in the positioning groove, a locking groove (20) is formed in the bottom of the guide block, and a first rotation stopping surface (27) is arranged on one side, close to the gear shifting guide block, of the positioning groove (19);

when the gearbox is positioned at an overspeed gear, the deflector rod (15) is positioned at the bottom of the locking groove, the steel ball is positioned in the positioning groove (19), the first rotation stopping surface (27) is obliquely arranged, and the lower end of the first rotation stopping surface inclines to one side of the gear shifting guide block;

when the gear is picked from the overspeed gear, the shifting rod (15) rotates to be in contact with the locking groove and drives the guide block to rotate until the guide block rotates to the balance position of the overspeed gear and the reverse gear, the first rotation stopping surface (27) limits the rotation of the guide block and the shifting rod and limits the gear shifting guide block to continue rotating to be hung in the reverse gear.

2. The lock device for overdrive and reverse gears as claimed in claim 1, wherein the open end of the spring hole of the support is provided with a slot radially penetrating the support, and the guide block is pinned in the slot by a pin (14) and can rotate along the pin.

3. The lock-up device for overdrive and reverse gears as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that said guide block (13) has a rectangular plate-like structure, said positioning groove (19) is provided on the top surface of the guide block and on the side close to the shift guide block (2), said first rotation-stop surface (27) is the side wall of the guide block close to the shift guide block, said locking groove (20) is located on the bottom of the guide block and connected to the lower end of the first rotation-stop surface (27).

4. The lock-up device for both overdrive and reverse gears as claimed in claim 3, wherein said top of said guide block is further provided with a second locating surface located on a side of said locating groove remote from said shift guide block.

5. An overdrive and reverse locking device according to claim 1, characterized in that said rod (15) is fixedly arranged at one end of the shift guide (2), the other end of the rod (15) extending towards the guide.

6. The locking device for the overdrive and the reverse gear according to claim 1, wherein the shift guide block (2) is fixedly sleeved on the transverse shift lever (7), the operating housing (5) is provided with a gear selecting shifting block (1) connected with the shift guide block (2), and the gear selecting shifting block (1) drives the shift guide block (2) to select the gear.

7. The locking device for the overdrive gear and the reverse gear is characterized in that an annular boss (18) is arranged in the middle of the outer wall of the support, a clamp spring groove (17) is formed in one end, away from the guide block, of the annular boss, a support mounting hole is formed in the operating shell, the support is mounted in the mounting hole, and the clamp groove extends out of the outside of the operating shell and is connected through a clamp spring.

8. An overdrive and reverse locking device according to claim 7, characterized in that said annular boss is provided with a stop surface (16) along its axial direction for positioning the abutment circumferentially.

9. A method of locking the lock-up device for overdrive and reverse gears according to any of claims 1-8,

the process of selecting a gear to an overdrive and reverse gear neutral position is as follows:

the gear selecting and shifting head (1) drives the gear shifting guide block (2) to move towards one side locked to the device, the shifting rod (15) is in contact with a first rotation stop surface of the guide block (13) and pushes the guide block (13) to rotate for a certain angle, so that the steel ball (12) slides out from the positioning groove (19), meanwhile, the steel ball compression spring (8) generates elasticity until the gear shifting guide block (2) moves to an overspeed gear and reverse gear balance position, and gear selection is completed;

the process of engaging the overdrive is as follows:

the gear shifting guide block (2) is located at the balance position of an overspeed gear and a reverse gear, then the transverse gear shifting rod (7) is rotated, the shifting rod synchronously moves to drive the guide block (13) to rotate, the spring (8) is compressed to generate elasticity until the shifting rod (15) is separated from the guide block (13), the steel ball (12) slides into the positioning groove under the action of spring force, the guide block (13) resets, the shifting rod (15) is located below the locking groove (20), and the gearbox is hung in the overspeed gear;

the gear-off process of the overspeed gear is as follows:

the transverse gear shifting rod (7) is rotated to the reverse gear direction, the end part of the shifting rod (15) rotates into the locking groove (20), the shifting rod continues to rotate and drives the guide block (13) to rotate reversely, meanwhile, the spring (8) is compressed until the first rotation stopping surface (27) contacts with the clamping groove of the support to position the guide block and the shifting rod, and the shifting guide block is located at the overspeed gear and reverse gear balance position;

then the gear shifting guide block is moved axially, the deflector rod is separated from the unlocking slot, the guide block rotates the steel ball (12) to slide into the positioning slot under the action of spring force, and the gear shifting guide block is hung in a neutral gear.

10. The lock-up method of an overdrive and reverse lock-up device as claimed in claim 9, wherein the reverse gear is engaged as follows:

when the gear shifting guide block (2) is located at the balance position of the overdrive gear and the reverse gear, the transverse gear shifting rod (7) is rotated, the shift lever (15) rotates and is separated from the guide block, the guide block resets under the action of spring force, the steel ball (12) slides to the positioning groove (19), and the gear shifting guide block (2) is engaged with the reverse gear.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of transmissions, in particular to a locking device and a locking method for an overdrive gear and a reverse gear.

Background

Due to the structural characteristics and the gear rule of the transmission, the transmission of the five-gear light commercial vehicle generally shares a set of synchronizer or sliding sleeve structure with an overdrive gear and a reverse gear, but the potential danger that a driver mistakenly takes the overdrive gear into the reverse gear exists in the driving process.

The imported vehicle is generally provided with an overdrive and a reverse gear lock safety device, but the five-gear transmission of the imported vehicle is mostly an operating system with a single declutch shift shaft structure, the domestic vehicle is mostly an operating system with a multi-declutch shift shaft structure, and the operating system has larger structural difference, so the overdrive and reverse gear lock safety device of the imported vehicle is not suitable for the operating system with the multi-declutch shift shaft structure.

In view of the above problems, it is necessary to design a locking device for overdrive and reverse gears of a multi-shift-shaft control system.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problem that the overspeed gear is mistakenly taken into the reverse gear in the prior art, the invention provides the locking device and the locking method for the overspeed gear and the reverse gear.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a locking device for an overdrive gear and a reverse gear comprises a support, a spring, a steel ball, a guide block and a deflector rod;

the shifting device comprises a support, a guide block, a shifting rod, a shifting guide block and a spring, wherein the support is arranged on an operating shell, a spring hole with one open end is formed in the support, the guide block is connected to the open end of the spring hole in a pin mode, a spring and a steel ball are arranged in the spring hole, and the shifting rod and the shifting guide block synchronously move and are used for triggering the guide block to rotate;

the top of the guide block is provided with a positioning groove, the steel ball is positioned in the positioning groove, the bottom of the guide block is provided with a locking groove, and one side of the positioning groove, which is close to the gear shifting guide block, is provided with a first rotation stopping surface;

when the gearbox is positioned at an overspeed gear, the deflector rod is positioned at the bottom of the locking groove, the steel ball is positioned in the positioning groove, the first rotation stopping surface is obliquely arranged, and the lower end of the first rotation stopping surface is inclined to one side of the gear shifting guide block;

when the automatic overspeed gear is disengaged, the shifting rod rotates to be in contact with the locking groove and drives the guide block to rotate until the guide block rotates to the balance position of the overspeed gear and the reverse gear, the first rotation stopping surface limits the rotation of the guide block and the shifting rod, and the shifting guide block is limited from continuing to rotate to engage the reverse gear.

Preferably, a clamping groove radially penetrating through the support is formed in the opening end of the spring hole of the support, and the guide block is connected in the clamping groove through a pin and can rotate along the pin.

Preferably, the guide block rectangular sheet structure, the constant head tank setting just is close to the one side of the guide block of shifting at the guide block top surface, and first spline face is the lateral wall that the guide block is close to the guide block of shifting, and the locking trench is located the bottom of guide block to be connected with the lower extreme of first spline face.

Preferably, the top of the guide block is further provided with a second positioning surface and is located on one side, away from the gear shifting guide block, of the positioning groove.

Preferably, the shifting lever is fixedly arranged at one end of the gear shifting guide block, and the other end of the shifting lever extends to the guide block.

Preferably, the gear shifting guide block is fixedly sleeved on the transverse gear shifting rod, a gear selecting shifting head connected with the gear shifting guide block is arranged on the control shell, and the gear selecting shifting head drives the gear shifting guide block to select gears.

Preferably, the middle part of the outer wall of the support is provided with an annular boss, one end of the annular boss, which is far away from the guide block, is provided with a clamp spring groove, the control shell is provided with a support mounting hole, the support is mounted in the mounting hole, and the clamp groove extends out of the control shell and is connected with the control shell through a clamp spring.

Preferably, the annular boss is provided with a limiting surface along the axial direction thereof for circumferentially positioning the support.

A method for locking a locking device for an overdrive gear and a reverse gear comprises the following steps:

the gear selecting and shifting head drives the gear shifting guide block to move to one side locked to the device, the shifting rod is in contact with a first rotation stop surface of the guide block and pushes the guide block to rotate for a certain angle, so that the steel ball slides out from the positioning groove, meanwhile, the steel ball compression spring generates elasticity until the gear shifting guide block moves to an overspeed gear and reverse gear balance position, and gear selection is completed;

the process of engaging the overdrive is as follows:

the shifting guide block is located at the balance position of the overspeed gear and the reverse gear, then the transverse shifting lever is rotated, the shifting rod synchronously moves to drive the guide block to rotate, the spring is compressed to generate elasticity until the shifting rod is separated from the guide block, the steel ball slides to the positioning groove under the action of the spring force, the guide block resets, the shifting rod is located below the locking groove, and the gearbox is hung in the overspeed gear.

The gear-off process of the overspeed gear is as follows:

rotating the transverse gear shifting rod to rotate towards the reverse gear direction, rotating the end part of the shifting rod into the locking groove, continuously rotating the shifting rod and driving the guide block to rotate reversely, simultaneously compressing the spring until the first rotation stopping surface contacts with the clamping groove of the support to position the guide block and the shifting rod, and positioning the gear shifting guide block at the balance position of the overspeed gear and the reverse gear;

then the gear shifting guide block is moved axially, the shift lever is separated from the unlocking slot, the guide block rotates the steel ball to slide into the positioning slot under the action of spring force, and the gear shifting guide block is hung in a neutral gear.

Preferably, the reverse gear is engaged as follows:

when the gear shifting guide block is located at the balance position of the overspeed gear and the reverse gear, the transverse gear shifting rod is rotated, the shifting rod rotates and is separated from the guide block, the guide block is reset under the action of the spring force, the steel ball slides into the positioning groove, and the gear shifting guide block is hung in the reverse gear.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

the invention provides a locking device for an overdrive gear and a reverse gear, which is arranged on an operation shell through a support, a shifting rod is arranged at the end part of a shifting guide block, the shifting guide block drives the shifting rod to trigger the guide block on the support to rotate, the shifting rod is positioned at the opening side of a guide block locking groove when the overdrive gear is hung, the shifting rod enters the locking groove and drives the guide block to rotate in the gear picking process, when a first rotation stopping surface positions the guide block, the shifting rod is still in the locking groove at the moment, and then the shifting guide block rotates to the reverse gear position at present, so that the problem of mistakenly hanging the reverse gear in the overdrive gear picking process is solved; the locking device is arranged on the control shell, and is greatly different from the existing lock to mechanism arrangement on a transmission shell and a shifting fork shaft, and the potential safety problem that a driver mistakenly takes the overdrive gear into the reverse gear is thoroughly solved on the premise of not changing the overall structure arrangement of the current product.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the locking device of the present invention installed;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 1A-A;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 1B-B;

FIG. 4 is a state diagram of the lockup device of the invention in both the overdrive and reverse equilibrium positions;

FIG. 5 is a state diagram of the locking device of the present invention in a rest position when reverse gear is engaged;

FIG. 6 is a state diagram of the inventive locking device in overdrive;

FIG. 7 is a state diagram of the locking device of the present invention in overdrive gear disengagement;

FIG. 8 is a front view of the inventive latch;

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view D-D of FIG. 7;

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of C-C of FIG. 7;

FIG. 11 is a top view of the locking device of the present invention;

fig. 12 is a side view of the inventive locking device.

In the figure: 1, selecting a gear shifting block; 2, a gear shifting guide block; 3, locking device; 4, selecting a gear shaft; 5 operating the shell; 6, fixing pins; 7 a lateral shift lever; 8, a spring; 9, a clamp spring; 10 bowl-shaped plug sheets; 11, a support; 12, steel balls; 13 a guide block; 14 pins; 15, a driving lever; 16 limiting surfaces; 17 a clamp spring groove; 18 an annular boss; 19 positioning grooves; 20 locking grooves; a 21 pin shoulder; 22 a snap ring; 23, grooves; 24, a shifting block; 25 through holes; 26 a second rotation stop surface; 27 first rotation stop surface.

Detailed Description

The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the attached drawings, which are illustrative, but not limiting, of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1 to 12, the locking device for the overdrive gear and the reverse gear comprises a support 11, a spring 8, a steel ball 12, a guide block 13 and a shift lever 15.

Referring to fig. 1-3, the support 11 is mounted on the operating housing, the support 11 is provided with a spring hole with an open end, the guide block 13 is pinned at the open end of the spring hole, the spring 8 and the steel ball 12 are disposed in the spring hole, the steel ball 12 is disposed between the spring and the guide block, and the shift lever 15 is disposed on the shift guide block and moves synchronously therewith to trigger the guide block 13 to rotate.

The top of the guide block is provided with a positioning groove 19, the steel ball 12 is positioned in the positioning groove, the locking groove 20 is positioned at the bottom of the guide block, and a second rotation stopping surface 26 and a first rotation stopping surface 27 are respectively arranged on two sides of the positioning groove 19.

When the gearbox is positioned at an overspeed gear, the deflector rod 15 is positioned at the bottom of the locking groove, and the steel ball is positioned in the positioning groove 19;

when the gear is picked from the overspeed gear, the shifting rod 15 rotates to be in contact with the locking groove and drives the guide block to rotate until the guide block rotates to the balance position of the overspeed gear and the reverse gear, the second rotation stopping surface 26 is abutted against the end part of the support to limit the rotation of the guide block and the shifting rod and limit the shifting guide block to be hung in the reverse gear.

Specifically, a clamping groove radially penetrating through the support is formed in the opening end of a spring hole of the support, and the guide block is connected in the clamping groove through a pin 14 in a pin mode and can rotate along the pin.

Referring to fig. 8-10, the support is of a cylindrical structure, an annular boss 18 is arranged in the middle of the outer wall of the support, a clamp spring groove 17 is arranged at one end of the outer wall of the support, a limiting surface 16 is arranged on the annular boss along the axial direction of the annular boss, a support mounting hole is arranged on the control shell, the support is mounted in the mounting hole, the clamp groove extends out of the control shell and is connected with the control shell through a clamp spring, a glued bowl-shaped plug piece 10 sealing mounting hole is arranged at the top of the support, the annular boss is assembled in an annular groove in the support mounting hole and is circumferentially positioned through the limiting surface 16, and circumferential and axial limiting are performed on the support through the clamp spring, the annular boss and the.

The guide block 13 is in a rectangular sheet structure and is in pin joint with the clamping groove of the support 11, the second rotation stopping surface 26 is the top surface of the guide block, the positioning groove 19 is a first arc-shaped groove and is arranged on one side, close to the gear shifting guide block 2, of the top surface of the guide block, the arc-shaped groove is in smooth transition with the top surface, the first rotation stopping surface 27 is the side wall, close to the gear shifting guide block 2, of the guide block, and the side wall is connected with the other end of the positioning groove 19 in an arc mode. The locking groove 20 is a second arc-shaped groove located at the bottom of the guide block, and one end of the second arc-shaped groove is connected with the lower end of the first rotation-stopping surface 27.

And a pin shoulder 21 at one end of the pin shaft 14 abuts against the outer wall of the support, and the other end of the pin shaft passes through the pin hole and is fixed through a snap ring 22, so that the pin shaft 14 is fixed on the support.

Referring to fig. 11 and 12, shift guide block is last to be provided with driving lever 15, recess 23, shifting block 24 and through-hole 25, shift guide block 2 cover is established on horizontal gear shift lever 7 to be provided with through-hole 25, fixed pin 6 passes the through-hole and will shift guide block 2 and horizontal gear shift lever 7 and link firmly, rotate horizontal gear shift lever 7 and drive shift guide block 2 and rotate and realize shifting, select to keep off shifting block 1 and set up on controlling casing 5, shift guide block 2 and be provided with recess 23, select to keep off shifting block 1 and recess 23 cooperation, it shifts to shift to control to move about the guide block and realizes selecting to keep off.

The driving lever 15 is fixedly arranged at one end of the gear shifting guide block 2 close to the locking device 3, one end of the driving lever 15 is connected with the end of the gear shifting guide block 2, and the other end of the driving lever extends towards one end of the locking device 3.

The operation of the overdrive and reverse lock-up device of the present invention will be explained in detail.

Referring to fig. 4-7, the working states of the locking device are shown for the transmission gear positions of overdrive and reverse gear equilibrium position, reverse gear engaged position, overdrive and neutral gear position, respectively, and for the overdrive and reverse gear position, the lock-in device is in equilibrium position in neutral position, the steel ball 12 is in the detent 19,

1. procedure for selecting a gear to an overdrive and reverse gear equilibrium position

Referring to fig. 4, the gear selecting shift head 1 drives the gear shifting guide block 2 to move rightwards, when the gear is selected to the overspeed gear and reverse gear balance position, the shift lever 15 contacts with the first rotation stop surface of the guide block 13 and pushes the guide block 13 to rotate anticlockwise for a certain angle, so that the steel ball 12 slides out from the positioning slot 19 to the second rotation stop surface 26, and meanwhile, the steel ball compression spring 8 generates elasticity.

2. Procedure for engaging reverse gear

Referring to fig. 5, if the reverse gear needs to be engaged, the shift guide 2 is located at the equilibrium position of the overdrive gear and the reverse gear, and then the transverse shift lever 7 is rotated to drive the shift guide 2 to engage the reverse gear, and the shift lever 15 moves upward; under the action of spring force, the guide block 13 rotates clockwise, the steel ball 12 slides to the positioning groove 19, and the device is locked to be restored to a balance position, so that the normal gear engaging and reversing function is realized.

3. Procedure for engaging overdrive

Referring to fig. 6, if the overdrive gear is to be engaged, the shift guide 2 is located at the equilibrium position of the overdrive gear and the reverse gear, and then the transverse shift lever 7 is rotated to rotate in the reverse direction of the reverse gear, the shift lever moves synchronously, that is, the shift lever 15 moves downwards, drives the guide 13 to rotate anticlockwise, and compresses the spring 8 to generate elastic force; when the gear shifting guide block continues to rotate until the overdrive is engaged, the shift lever 15 is completely separated from the guide block 13, the steel ball 12 slides into the positioning groove 19 under the action of spring force, the guide block 13 rotates clockwise and restores to the balance position of the overdrive and the reverse gear, and the shift lever 15 is positioned below the locking groove 20 at the moment, so that the function of normally engaging the overdrive is realized.

4. Overdrive disengagement procedure

Referring to fig. 7, in the process of picking the overdrive gear, the transverse shift lever 7 is rotated towards the reverse gear direction to drive the shift guide block 2 to exit the overdrive gear, namely, the shift lever 15 moves upwards, the end part of the shift lever 15 is contacted with the locking groove 20 and is positioned in the locking groove, the shift lever drives the guide block 13 to rotate clockwise in the rotating process, and the spring 8 is compressed to generate elastic force until the overdrive gear is picked to the position of the overdrive gear balance; at the moment, the upper end of the first rotation stopping surface 27 of the guide block 13 is in contact with the bottom surface of the support clamping groove, the guide block 13 is prevented from continuously rotating clockwise, and the end part of the shift lever is positioned in the locking groove 20, so that the reverse gear is prevented from being mistakenly hung in the overspeed gear picking process.

Then, the shift guide block is moved axially, i.e. the shift lever 15 is moved leftward, so that the end of the shift lever is separated from the unlocking slot, the steel ball 12 slides into the positioning slot 19 under the action of the spring force, and the guide block 13 rotates counterclockwise, so as to return to the equilibrium position, and the shift guide block is engaged in the neutral gear without affecting the selection and shifting of other gears.

In conclusion, the locking device for the overdrive gear and the reverse gear has the characteristics of simple structure, high reliability, lower cost, easiness in implementation and the like, is arranged on the control shell, is suitable for the structure of the conventional five-gear transmission, thoroughly solves the potential safety problem that a driver mistakenly takes the overdrive gear into the reverse gear on the premise of not changing the overall structural arrangement of the conventional product, and greatly improves the driving safety and the reliability of the transmission.

The above-mentioned contents are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.