阅读说明：本技术 落砂方法以及落砂装置 (Shakeout method and shakeout device ) 是由 后和大辅 境茂和 于 2020-01-16 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种落砂方法以及落砂装置,将附着在形成于工件的孔的弯曲部的铸造砂去除而不对工件造成损伤。所述落砂方法的特征在于,将喷嘴(12)插入孔(16),将所述喷嘴(12)的前端(2N)相对于所述铸造砂(S)隔开间隙(K)地定位,开始从所述喷嘴(12)喷射喷射材料(17),在开始所述喷射后经过第一时间之后,开始从所述孔(16)拔出所述喷嘴(12),然后,花费第二时间将所述喷嘴(12)从所述孔(16)拔出。(A shakeout method and a shakeout apparatus remove casting sand adhering to a curved portion of a hole formed in a workpiece without damaging the workpiece. The shakeout method is characterized in that a nozzle (12) is inserted into a hole (16), a tip (2N) of the nozzle (12) is positioned with a gap (K) with respect to the casting sand (S), ejection of a shot material (17) from the nozzle (12) is started, after a first time has elapsed after the start of the ejection, the nozzle (12) is started to be pulled out from the hole (16), and then it takes a second time to pull out the nozzle (12) from the hole (16).)

1. A shakeout method for shakeout casting sand in a hole having a curved portion, characterized in that,

the nozzle is inserted into the hole and,

positioning a front end of the nozzle with a gap with respect to the casting sand,

the ejection of the ejection material from the nozzle is started,

after a first time has elapsed after the start of the ejection, the nozzle starts to be pulled out from the hole, and then it takes a second time to pull out the nozzle from the hole.

2. A shakeout method according to claim 1,

controlling the ejection amount of the ejection material according to the diameter of the hole and the diameter of the nozzle.

3. A shakeout method according to claim 1 or 2,

the first time and the second time are set according to a diameter of the hole, a diameter of the nozzle, and a shape of the bent portion.

4. A shakeout method according to any one of claims 1 to 3,

the nozzle is a linear nozzle.

5. A shakeout device for shakeout casting sand present in a hole having a curved portion, with respect to a workpiece including the hole, the shakeout device comprising:

a support table that supports the workpiece so that the hole is located at a predetermined position;

a robot arm including a nozzle to spray a spray material;

a jetting mechanism that includes the nozzle and causes the jetting material to be jetted therefrom; and

a control unit that controls the robot arm and the injection mechanism,

the control unit controls an insertion operation of the nozzle into the hole, a jetting operation of the jetting mechanism, and a removal operation of the nozzle.

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a shakeout method and a shakeout apparatus.

Background

Conventionally, as a method of taking out a cast product by separating a mold from a cast and a casting sand after pouring and cooling the mold, there are a method of putting the mold into a cylinder and separating the mold by rotation and vibration, and a method of placing the mold transported on a casting line on a vibrator and separating the mold by vibration. However, for a product including a structure having pores, it is difficult to completely remove sand in the pores by the above-described method.

Patent document 1 discloses a work knockout method in which, as a work having a structure including a hole, a plurality of grooves are provided at an inner surface of the hole extending in one direction at intervals in an axial direction of the hole and in a diameter expansion direction recessed in a direction orthogonal to the axial direction of the hole. The work is rotated about the axis of the hole, the nozzle is inserted into the hole, and the blasting material is ejected from the circumferential direction of the tip of the nozzle, thereby removing the core sand in each groove.

Patent document 2 discloses a method for removing core sand in a plurality of grooves of each hole by positioning a nozzle at the opposite side of the hole at the distal end of an insertion hole of a rod-shaped member formed with a protruding portion, ejecting an ejection material from the nozzle into the hole, causing the ejection material to collide with an inclined surface at the distal end of the rod-shaped member, reflecting the ejection material having collided with the inclined surface to the grooves located on the side, and advancing and retreating the rod-shaped member with respect to a workpiece having the same configuration as described above.

Patent document 3 discloses a method in which an air blower having a plurality of spray nozzles is provided in correspondence with a plurality of holes provided in a workpiece, and a spray material is sprayed into each hole of the workpiece while rotating the spray nozzles so that the tips of the spray nozzles are held at a predetermined angle with respect to the plurality of holes of each workpiece.

In patent document 4, a robot arm grasps a workpiece similar to the workpiece described in patent document 1, holds a nozzle for ejecting a material at a predetermined position, inserts the nozzle into a hole of the workpiece grasped by the robot arm with respect to the nozzle, rotates the nozzle, and changes the position of the workpiece in the nozzle direction, thereby removing core sand in the enlarged diameter.

Disclosure of Invention

Technical problem to be solved by the invention

In the methods described in patent documents 1 to 4, all the holes formed in the workpiece are linearly extended in one direction, and shot blasting is performed by relatively moving the position of the nozzle in the extending direction of the holes and ejecting a blasting material or the like to the sand or the like attached to the grooves of each of the plurality of diameter-enlarged portions.

Therefore, the methods described in the respective documents do not have a structure for removing the casting sand attached to the bent portion when the hole formed in the workpiece is bent halfway. The invention provides a shakeout method and a shakeout apparatus, which can remove casting sand attached to a bent part of a hole formed in a workpiece without damaging the workpiece. In the present invention, the phrase "damage the workpiece" includes "the inner surface of the hole of the workpiece becomes thin and does not conform to the design dimensional specification".

Technical scheme for solving technical problem

The present invention adopts the following means to solve the above-described problems.

That is, the shakeout method of the present invention is a method of shakeout casting sand in a hole having a curved portion, wherein a nozzle is inserted into the hole, a tip of the nozzle is positioned with a gap with respect to the casting sand, a spray of a material from the nozzle is started, after a first time has elapsed after the start of the spray, the nozzle is started to be pulled out from the hole, and then the nozzle is pulled out from the hole with a second time.

With the above configuration, the casting sand remaining in the bent portion can be efficiently removed.

In one aspect of the present invention, the ejection amount of the ejection material is controlled in accordance with the diameter of the hole and the diameter of the nozzle.

With the above configuration, an appropriate injection amount can be set.

In one aspect of the present invention, the first time and the second time are set according to a diameter of the hole, a diameter of the nozzle, and a shape of the curved portion.

With the above configuration, an appropriate time can be set.

In one aspect of the present invention, the nozzle is a linear nozzle.

With the above configuration, the present invention can be suitably implemented.

The shakeout device of the present invention is directed to a workpiece including a hole having a curved portion, and is configured to shed casting sand present in the hole, and the shakeout device includes: a support table that supports the workpiece so that the hole is located at a predetermined position; a robot arm including a nozzle to spray a spray material; a jetting mechanism that includes the nozzle and causes the jetting material to be jetted therefrom; and a control unit that controls the robot arm and the injection mechanism, and controls an insertion operation of the nozzle toward the hole, an injection operation of the injection mechanism, and a removal operation of the nozzle.

With the above configuration, the casting sand remaining in the bent portion can be efficiently removed.

Effects of the invention

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a shakeout method and a shakeout apparatus that remove casting sand adhering to a bent portion without damaging a workpiece.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a shakeout device according to the present embodiment.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view showing a procedure of dropping casting sand by the above-described shakeout apparatus.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing a procedure of dropping casting sand by the above-described shakeout apparatus.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view showing a procedure of dropping casting sand by the above-described shakeout apparatus.

Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing a procedure of dropping casting sand by the shakeout apparatus.

Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing a procedure of dropping casting sand by the shakeout apparatus.

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram for explaining timing control when the casting sand is dropped by the sand-dropping device.

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram for explaining timing control when the casting sand is dropped by the sand-dropping device.

Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram for explaining shot material control when the casting sand is dropped by the sand-dropping device.

Fig. 10 is a schematic view for explaining shot control when the foundry sand is dropped by the above-described shakeout apparatus.

Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram for explaining shot material control when the casting sand is dropped by the sand-dropping device.

Description of the symbols

1, a shakeout device;

11 a support table;

12, a nozzle;

13 a robotic arm;

14 a spraying mechanism;

15 a control unit;

16 holes;

17 spraying the material;

the front end of the 2N nozzle;

s, casting sand;

a K gap;

w workpiece.

Detailed Description

Hereinafter, a shakeout method and a shakeout apparatus according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

Fig. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a shakeout apparatus according to the present embodiment. Fig. 2 to 6 are schematic diagrams for explaining the steps of the shakeout method of the present embodiment, and show a cross-sectional view of the workpiece W and the nozzle 12.

As shown in fig. 1, the shakeout apparatus 1 of the present embodiment includes: a support table 11, the support table 11 supporting a workpiece W including a hole having a curved portion; a robot arm 13, the robot arm 13 including a nozzle 12; a spraying mechanism 14, the spraying mechanism 14 comprising a nozzle 12; and a control section 15.

The workpiece W is fixed by a fixing jig (not shown) so that the hole 16 of the workpiece is positioned at a predetermined position, and is supported on the support base 11. The control unit 15 performs control such as fixing the workpiece W to the support base and checking whether or not the workpiece W is reliably fixed by communicating with the control unit via a communication path (not shown).

The spray mechanism 14 includes a nozzle 12, a hose 18 connected to the nozzle 12 and configured to pressure-feed the spray material 17 to the nozzle 12, and a container 19 for the spray material. The nozzle 12 is supported by a robot arm 13 and is freely positioned with respect to the workpiece W. The controller 15 communicates with the robot arm 13 and the injection mechanism 14 through the communication path 1T, and controls the insertion operation of the nozzle 12 into the hole 16, the injection operation of the injection mechanism 14, and the removal operation of the nozzle 12. The mutual operations of the support table 11, the robot arm 13, and the injection mechanism 14 are controlled by the control unit 15 in a series of operations in a comprehensive manner according to a predetermined program.

The work W is a cast product, taken out from a mold of a casting apparatus, the sand on the surface of the work W is violently dropped off by shaking the vibration of a shakeout machine or shot blasting by a shot blasting machine, and then the work W is conveyed to the support table 11.

Referring to fig. 2, a workpiece W is a block-shaped body having a predetermined size and having a hole 16 communicating between surfaces 2a and 2b, the hole 16 is a hole having a circular cross section and having a linear portion 21 extending from the surface 2a toward the surface 2b by a dimension L substantially perpendicular to the surface 2a, the linear portion 21 is connected to a bent portion 22 bent downward in the drawing at an angle θ from a straight line at a position extended by a dimension L, the bent portion 22 is connected to a linear portion 23 at a position extended by a dimension M, and the linear portion 23 extends to the surface 2b in the same direction as the first linear portion 21.

On the other hand, a straight portion 24 extending from the surface 2b in the direction 2a is formed. A straight portion 25 is formed midway in the straight portion 24 and faces downward in the drawing. The straight portion 25 merges with the straight portion 23 midway therebetween.

As described above, the workpiece W is a workpiece that has undergone a step of removing external casting sand after casting, but since the hole 16 has the bent portion 22, there is casting sand S (for example, core sand) that cannot be removed by vibration or projection of shot from the outside in the bent portion 22 and the straight portion 23.

Next, a method of removing the casting sand S in the hole 16 by the apparatus configured as described above will be described.

Referring to fig. 2, as described above, in the work W, the curved portion 22 and the linear portion 23 contain the casting sand S that cannot be removed in the previous step of shakeout the surface of the cast product. When it is confirmed that the workpiece W is fixed to the support base 11, the controller 15 instructs the robot arm 13 to perform the positioning operation of the nozzle 12. Upon receiving the instruction, the robot arm 13 inserts the held nozzle 12 into the hole 16 of the workpiece.

The robot arm 13 positions the tip 2N of the nozzle 12 in the linear portion 21 of the hole 16 so as to be spaced apart from the surface 2S of the casting sand S by the gap K. For the above positioning, the nozzle 12 may be positioned to the same position each time based on the position data of the surface 2S of the foundry sand S accumulated in advance from the measurement of a plurality of samples. Further, the tip 2N of the nozzle 12 is detected by a pressure sensor (not shown) of the robot arm 13 to be in contact with the surface 2S of the casting sand S when the nozzle 12 is inserted, and the nozzle may be positioned by being retracted from the position by a distance corresponding to the gap K in a direction opposite to the casting sand S.

Referring to fig. 3, when the nozzle 12 is positioned as described above, the control portion 15 instructs the ejection mechanism 14 to eject the ejection material 17. The injection mechanism 14 pressure-feeds the injection material 17 from the container 19 to the nozzle 12 via the hose 18 by fluid pressure, for example, pressure of compressed air or the like, and injects the injection material 17 from the nozzle 12 toward the casting sand S. The control section 15 then maintains the above state until the first time elapses.

Referring to fig. 4, after the first time has elapsed, the controller 15 instructs the robot arm 13 to start to pull out the nozzle 12 from the hole 16. The robot arm 13 starts to pull out the nozzle 12 in accordance with the above instruction. Next, referring to fig. 5 and 6, the controller 15 controls the robot arm 13 to pull out the nozzle 12 from the hole 16 for the second time. The robot arm 13 takes a second time to pull the nozzle 12 out of the hole 16. Then, the control unit 15 stops the spray mechanism 14 from spraying the spray material 17, moves the robot arm 13 to a position (not shown) for replacing the workpiece W, releases the workpiece fixing mechanism of the support table, and transfers the workpiece W to the next step, thereby completing a series of operations. The workpiece may be replaced manually or by a dedicated transfer robot.

As described above, in the present embodiment, in order to remove the casting sand S of the curved portion 22 in the hole 16 of the workpiece W, the nozzle 12 is inserted into the hole 16 of the workpiece W, and the blasting material 17 is sprayed with the gap K from the surface 2S of the casting sand S, so that the blasting material can be directly sprayed to the surface 2S of the case-hardened casting sand S, and the casting sand S of the curved portion 22 can be effectively removed.

Further, the injection material 17 is injected to the casting sand S in a state where the nozzle 12 maintains the gap K from the start of injection until the first time elapses, and thus, sufficient time is secured to remove the case-hardened casting sand S. After the first time for removing the casting sand S at the bent portion 22 has elapsed, it takes the second time to pull out the nozzle 12 while keeping the spray of the spray material 17, and therefore, the casting sand S of the straight portion 23, which is relatively easy to remove, can be gradually removed as the nozzle 12 moves backward as shown in fig. 4 to 6, and the casting sand S can be efficiently removed without damaging the workpiece.

In the present embodiment, the first time and the second time are set according to the diameter sizes of the hole 16 and the nozzle 12 of the workpiece W and the shape of the curved portion. If an appropriate time is not set, for example, if the first time is short (fig. 7), which means a short time including the case where the first time is zero, the ejection is started immediately from a state where the ejection of the ejection material is unstable, and therefore, the casting sand after the surface hardening cannot be removed, and the casting sand cannot be removed. Further, in the case where the first time is too long (fig. 8), since the injection material continues to be injected from the proximal end to the side wall of the bent portion 22 of the workpiece even after the casting sand S of the bent portion 22 is removed, damage 81 will be caused to the workpiece W. The second time is not properly set, and this may cause incomplete removal of the casting sand. Therefore, in the present embodiment, since an appropriate value can be set by focusing attention on the above important parameters, the casting sand in the bent portion can be efficiently removed without damaging the workpiece.

In the present embodiment, the ejection amount of the ejection material is set according to the diameter size of the hole 16 and the nozzle 12 of the workpiece W. The state in the hole 16 when the blasting material 17 is ejected into the hole 16 can be examined from a steady system of the amount of the blasting material 16 ejected into the hole 16 and the amount of the blasting material reflected inside the hole 16 and discharged from the hole 16.

That is, in the case where the shot amount of the shot material 17 is excessive (fig. 9), since the amount of the shot material 17 shot into the inside of the hole 16 is larger than the amount of the shot material 17 discharged from the hole 16, the shot material 17 fills the hole 16, and the effect of cutting the casting sand S cannot be obtained.

When the amount of the shot material 17 to be sprayed is small (fig. 10), the shot material 17 is not sufficiently sprayed to the foundry sand S, and therefore the foundry sand S cannot be removed or the removal rate is reduced.

When the amount of the shot material 17 injected is appropriately set (fig. 11), the amount of the shot material 17-1 injected into the hole 16 and the amount of the shot material 17-2 discharged from the hole 16 are set to be substantially the same in a steady state, and the casting sand S can be efficiently removed.

In the present embodiment, as shown in the respective drawings, the removal of the casting sand S is performed using a straight nozzle. Since the curved portion 22 is connected to the hole 16 via the linear portion 21, the ejection material 17 can be efficiently pressure-fed by using the linear nozzle, and further, the setting of the gap K from the curved portion 22 can be facilitated.

In the present embodiment, regarding the dimensions of the respective objects, for example, the hole diameter of the workpiece is Φ 8 to Φ 20mm, the nozzle diameter is Φ 3 to 10mm, and the ejection pressure is 0.1 to 0.6MPa, and steel shots of Φ 0.125 to Φ 1.4mm can be used as the ejection material. The gap K may be set to about 5mm, for example, the first time may be set to 1 second to 2 seconds, and the second time may be set to 3 seconds to 5 seconds. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and for example, when the aperture of the target is not in the above range, the target may be used which has appropriately changed values.

(modification example)

In addition to the above embodiments, the present invention is also directed to a workpiece having various curved portions. For example, the present invention also includes a case where the curved portion is formed into a gentle curved surface and a case where the inner diameter gradually changes. The ejection amount of the ejection material, the first time, and the second time are appropriately set according to the above-described shape. The nozzle may be a rigid nozzle or a flexible nozzle, and may be appropriately selected according to the environment of the curved portion in the hole of the workpiece to be removed of the casting sand.