阅读说明：本技术 一种高分散蛋清粉的加工方法 (Processing method of high-dispersion egg white powder ) 是由 杨严俊 李俊华 王婷婷 常翠华 苏宇杰 顾璐萍 于 2021-07-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种高分散蛋清粉的加工方法,属于蛋品加工领域。本发明方法采用酶解前预热和酶解后加热两种方式处理蛋清液,得到分散性和溶解性优异的蛋清粉。所得蛋清粉的溶解性达到95％以上,比未处理的蛋清粉溶解度提高25％,20s分散性比未处理的蛋清粉提高27％,60s分散性比未处理的蛋清粉提高60％,能明显提升蛋清粉在食品领域的应用范围,为蛋粉深加工提供了一条新的切实可行的路线。(The invention provides a processing method of high-dispersion egg white powder, belonging to the field of egg product processing. The method of the invention adopts two modes of preheating before enzymolysis and heating after enzymolysis to process the egg white, and the egg white powder with excellent dispersibility and dissolubility is obtained. The solubility of the obtained egg white powder reaches more than 95 percent, is improved by 25 percent compared with the untreated egg white powder, the dispersibility of 20s is improved by 27 percent compared with the untreated egg white powder, the dispersibility of 60s is improved by 60 percent compared with the untreated egg white powder, the application range of the egg white powder in the food field can be obviously improved, and a new feasible route is provided for the deep processing of the egg white powder.)

1. A method for processing highly dispersed egg white powder, the method comprising the steps of:

(1) separating egg white and yolk of the eggs, and collecting egg white liquid;

(2) adjusting the pH value of the egg white liquid to 6-8, and then carrying out homogenization treatment;

(3) heating the homogenized egg white to 60-70 ℃, preserving heat for 10 s-10 min, and cooling to 30-50 ℃.

(4) Transferring the cooled egg white into a heat-preservation interlayer tank, adding protease, carrying out enzymolysis at 30-50 ℃ until the enzymolysis reaction is finished;

(5) and (4) desugarizing treatment after enzymolysis is finished, and finally drying.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the adjusting the pH is performed using lactic acid or citric acid.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the homogenized egg white is heated to 60-70 ℃ by a plate heat exchanger.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the neutral protease is added in an amount of 0.025 wt% to 0.25 wt% based on the egg white.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the protease is a neutral protease.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the enzymolysis time is 30 min-5 h.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the enzymatic hydrolysis and heat treatment steps are interchangeable.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the desugaring treatment is performed simultaneously with or in steps with the protease hydrolysis.

9. A highly dispersed egg white powder obtained by the method of any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. Use of the highly dispersed egg white powder according to claim 9 in the medical fields of food, textile, non-disease diagnosis and treatment.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a processing technology of high-dispersion egg white powder, belonging to the technical field of egg product processing.

Background

The egg white is rich in nutrient substances and is a main source of various high-quality proteins and amino acids, so that the egg white is widely applied as a main raw material in the field of food processing. However, liquid eggs often have the disadvantages of short shelf life, easy breakage and difficult transportation, so the problems can be effectively solved by processing the liquid eggs into egg white powder. The egg white powder is protein powder prepared by dehydrating and drying egg white, can effectively preserve various nutrient substances of liquid eggs, and can be used as a new processing raw material for processing various foods, such as high-protein nutriments or a functional ingredient for improving the texture of the foods. However, the egg white powder prepared by direct spray drying has poor dispersibility and solubility, and is very easy to agglomerate and agglomerate, which hinders the further popularization of the egg white powder in food processing, so that the preparation of the egg white powder with high dispersibility has important practical significance and application value.

At present, research on high-dispersity egg powder is less, maltodextrin and additives which are beneficial to dissolving and stabilizing are adopted in the preparation method of the instant egg powder disclosed by the patent CN108850885A to improve the instant property of the egg powder, but the protein content can be obviously reduced by adding a large amount of non-egg components, so that the nutritional value of the egg powder is reduced; patent 201710472668.X A bitter-free and fishy smell-free instant whole egg powder and a preparation method thereof adopt two-stage dynamic high-pressure microjet and protease phospholipase for synergistic treatment, and the high-pressure microjet technology has high homogenizing pressure, large equipment investment and low productivity, and is difficult to meet the requirement of large-scale production; patent CN104082788 discloses a dispersible instant whole egg powder and its preparation method, which adopts two-stage high-temperature jet-boiling ultrasonic-assisted enzymolysis for treatment, and has large equipment investment, complex operation and poor compatibility with the existing egg factory equipment. Therefore, there is a need to develop a method for preparing a highly dispersed egg white powder with high efficiency and mildness.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem is as follows: the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to achieve the aim.

In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a preparation method of high-dispersion egg white powder, which mainly changes the working conditions of the enzymatic method for treating egg white, solves the problems of low dispersibility and low solubility of the existing egg white powder, and is beneficial to the application of the egg white powder in the fields of solid beverages, protein drinks, special medical diet and the like.

The technical scheme is as follows: the invention discloses a complete technical means and a method.

A first object of the present invention is to provide a method for processing highly dispersed egg white powder, the method comprising the steps of:

(1) cleaning fresh eggs, separating egg white and egg yolk, and filtering to remove impurities such as egg shells in the egg white to obtain impurity-free egg white liquid;

(2) adjusting the pH value of the egg white liquid to 6-8, and then carrying out homogenization treatment;

(3) heating the homogenized egg white to 60-70 ℃, preserving heat for 10 s-10 min, and cooling to 30-50 ℃.

(4) Transferring the cooled egg white into a heat-preservation interlayer tank, adding protease, carrying out enzymolysis at 30-50 ℃ until the enzymolysis reaction is finished;

(5) and (4) desugarizing treatment after enzymolysis is finished, and finally drying.

In one embodiment of the invention, the adjusting the pH is performed using lactic acid or citric acid.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the homogenized egg white is heated to 60-70 ℃ by a plate-and-plate heat exchanger, preferably 60-65 ℃.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the protease is added in an amount of 0.025 wt% to 0.25 wt% of the egg white, and preferably the protease is added in an amount of 0.1 wt% to 0.25 wt% of the egg white.

In one embodiment of the invention, the protease is a neutral protease.

In one embodiment of the invention, the stirring speed is 10-30 r/min.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the enzymolysis time is 30min to 5 h.

In one embodiment of the invention, the enzymatic hydrolysis and heat treatment steps are interchangeable.

In one embodiment of the invention, the desugarization treatment adopts 0.05-0.3% of glucose oxidase and 0.01-0.3% of hydrogen peroxide solution (1-5%) to react for 20 min-5 h at 28-50 ℃.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the desugaring treatment may be performed simultaneously with or in steps with the protease hydrolysis.

In one embodiment of the invention, the drying is spray drying.

In one embodiment of the invention, the spray drying is carried out at an inlet temperature of 160 ℃ to 185 ℃ and an outlet temperature of 70 ℃ to 85 ℃.

The invention also provides the high-dispersion egg white powder by utilizing the method.

The second object of the present invention is to apply the highly dispersed egg white powder prepared by the above method to the medical fields of food, textile, diagnosis and treatment of non-diseases.

Has the advantages that: the advantages brought by the invention are the indexes achieved.

(1) The invention provides a preparation method for rapidly improving the dispersibility of egg white powder. By adopting the heat treatment modes before and after enzymolysis, pasteurization is finished, the spray drying time is favorably shortened, and the powder yield is improved. Research results show that compared with egg white liquid which is not subjected to enzymolysis, the egg white liquid subjected to heat treatment and enzymolysis combined treatment has the advantages that the spray drying time can be shortened by 30%, and the powder yield is improved by nearly one time.

(2) By using the glucose oxidase desugarization method, the problem of overlarge yeast taste in the egg white powder caused by yeast fermentation desugarization can be avoided, reducing sugar in the egg white can be effectively removed, and the browning phenomenon caused by overhigh temperature in the following spray drying process can be prevented.

(3) Egg albumin is a high-quality protein source and has been widely applied to various food fields. The dried egg white powder can overcome the defects of short shelf life, easy breakage and difficult transportation of liquid eggs. However, the dried egg white powder has poor solubility and dispersibility, and is difficult to be applied to the production of solid beverages and other foods in large quantities. The invention adopts a method combining mild heat treatment and enzyme hydrolysis, changes the aggregation state among protein molecules, thereby improving the dispersibility and the dissolubility of the egg white powder and expanding the application range of the egg white powder.

Drawings

FIG. 1 shows the state of dissolution and dispersion of untreated egg white powder and heat-treated and enzymatically treated egg white powder

Detailed Description

The method for analyzing the solubility of the egg white powder comprises the following steps: 0.5g of egg white powder was weighed into a 25mL beaker, 10mL of deionized water was added, and the mixture was stirred with a glass rod to dissolve it sufficiently, thereby preparing a 5% solution. Then placing the egg white powder in a 50mL centrifuge tube, centrifuging for 20min at the temperature of 4 ℃ at 5000r/min, taking supernatant, and determining the total protein content in the egg white powder and the protein content in the supernatant by adopting a biuret method or a Kjeldahl method. Each sample was repeated three times and the average was taken. The solubility formula is as follows:

solubility (%). protein content/total protein content in supernatant x 100%

The egg white powder dispersibility analysis method comprises the following steps:

20s dispersibility: preparing 10mL of deionized water in a 25mL beaker in advance, turning on a stirrer, keeping the rotating speed at 700r/min, weighing 0.5g of egg white powder, pouring into the beaker, pressing a stopwatch, stirring for 20s, turning off the stirrer, quickly pouring the suspension into a 200-mesh filter screen for filtering, and measuring the protein content in the filtrate by using biuret.

60s dispersibility: preparing 10mL of deionized water in a 25mL beaker in advance, turning on a stirrer, keeping the rotating speed at 700r/min, weighing 0.5g of egg white powder, pouring the egg white powder into the beaker, pressing a stopwatch, stirring for 60s, turning off the stirrer, quickly pouring the suspension into a 200-mesh filter screen for filtering, and measuring the protein content in the filtrate by a biuret method or a Kjeldahl method.

Dispersability is expressed as the ratio of protein content to total protein content in the filtrate.

Example 1

A method for improving the dispersibility of egg white powder by preheating treatment before enzymolysis is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) cleaning fresh eggs, separating egg white and yolk, and filtering to remove impurities such as eggshell in the egg white to obtain impurity-free egg white liquid.

(2) 1000kg of egg white was taken, the pH was adjusted to 7.5 with 100g/L of an aqueous citric acid solution, and then the egg white was homogenized under 10 MPa. Wherein the protein concentration in the egg white is 10.5%.

(3) Heating the homogenized egg white to 65 ℃ by a plate-type heat exchanger, preserving heat for 10min, and cooling to 50 ℃ of enzymatic hydrolysis temperature.

(1) The protease hydrolysis is carried out in a heat-preservation sandwich tank, the addition amount of neutral protease is 0.1 percent of egg white liquid, the enzyme activity is 50u/g, the enzymolysis temperature is 50 ℃, the enzymolysis time is 5h, and the stirring speed is 15 r/min.

(5) The desugarization treatment adopts 0.1% glucose oxidase and 0.01% hydrogen peroxide solution (5%) to react for 30min at 50 ℃, and is completed synchronously with the hydrolysis of protease in an enzymolysis tank.

(6) Spray drying at inlet temperature of 185 deg.C and outlet temperature of 85 deg.C, cooling, sieving, and packaging.

The solubility and dispersibility of the resulting egg white powder are shown in table 1.

Table 1 egg white powder prepared in example 1 has solubility and dispersibility

Example 2

Referring to example 1, the heater temperature of step 3 was changed to 50 deg.C, 60 deg.C, 70 deg.C, 80 deg.C, respectively, and other conditions were not changed to obtain egg white powder. The solubility and dispersibility results of the resulting egg white powder are shown in table 2.

TABLE 2 comparison table of solubility and dispersibility of egg white powder prepared at different preheating temperatures

Example 3

Referring to example 1, the incubation time was changed to 0s, 5s, 10s, 5min, and 15min, respectively, and the other conditions were not changed to obtain egg white powder. The solubility and dispersibility results of the resulting egg white powder are shown in table 3.

TABLE 3 comparison table of solubility and dispersibility of egg white powder prepared by different holding times

Example 4

Referring to example 1, egg white was subjected to enzymolysis and then to heat treatment at 65 ℃. The solubility and dispersibility results of the resulting egg white powder are shown in table 4.

Table 4 egg white powder prepared in example 4 has solubility and dispersibility

Comparative example 1

A method for improving the dispersibility of egg white powder by heat treatment after enzymolysis is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) cleaning fresh eggs, separating egg white and yolk, and filtering to remove impurities such as eggshell in the egg white to obtain impurity-free egg white liquid.

(2) 1000Kg of egg white is taken, the pH value is adjusted to 8 by 100g/L of lactic acid aqueous solution, and then homogenization treatment is carried out under 5MPa, wherein the protein concentration in the egg white is 10.5%.

(3) Homogenizing, hydrolyzing egg white with protease in a heat-insulating sandwiched tank, adding compound protease (alkaline protease: flavourzyme 1:1) 0.1% of egg white, enzyme activating 25u/g, hydrolyzing at 52 deg.C for 4h, and stirring at 20 r/min.

(4) Heating the egg white liquid after enzyme hydrolysis treatment to 65 ℃ by a plate-type heat exchanger, preserving heat for 10min, and reducing the temperature to 30 ℃.

(5) The desugarization treatment was carried out using 0.05% glucose oxidase and 0.05% hydrogen peroxide solution (1%) at 30 ℃ for 3 hours.

(6) Spray drying at inlet temperature of 180 deg.C and outlet temperature of 80 deg.C, cooling, sieving, and packaging.

The solubility and dispersibility of the resulting egg white powder are shown in table 5.

Table 5 egg white powder prepared in comparative example 1 has solubility and dispersibility

Comparative example 2

Referring to example 1, the temperature reduction operation after the preheating treatment was not performed, and the enzymolysis temperature was maintained at 65 ℃ and the remaining conditions were not changed.

The solubility and dispersibility of the resulting egg white powder are shown in table 6.

Table 6 egg white powder prepared in comparative example 2 has solubility and dispersibility

As can be seen from table 1, compared to the egg white powder which is not subjected to the preheating treatment, the egg white powder can significantly improve the solubility and the dispersibility thereof after the combined treatment of heat and enzymolysis, the egg white powder prepared by preheating before the enzymolysis at 65 ℃ and then carrying out the enzymolysis has relatively good solubility and dispersibility, and the protein is excessively denatured or aggregated when the temperature is too high, thereby reducing the dispersibility and the dispersibility of the egg white powder.