阅读说明：本技术 高导电率中强全铝合金节能导线及其制备方法 (High-conductivity medium-strength all-aluminum alloy energy-saving lead and preparation method thereof ) 是由 耿进锋 史宏伟 李红英 史晨昱 时洪飞 肖寒 马磊 张武能 汪毅 崔大田 于 2019-11-19 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种高导电率中强全铝合金节能导线及其制备方法,属于铝基合金技术领域。高导电率中强全铝合金节能导线,由多层铝合金单丝绞制而成,所述铝合金单丝由如下质量百分比的成分组成：Mg0.35-0.80,Si0.21-0.60,Zr0.10-0.20,Ti0.06-0.12,V0.03-0.08,La0.02-0.06,Ce0.05-0.10,B0.05-0.12,Mg/Si≤1.73,其余为Al和不可避免的杂质,所述不可避免的杂质的总量小于0.05%。本发明铝合金导线产品性能满足Q/GDW1816-2012《中强度铝合金绞线》要求,与常规中强度铝合金导线相比导电率高,可以显著降低线路损耗。(The invention relates to high-conductivity medium-strength all-aluminum alloy energy-saving leads and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of aluminum-based alloys.A high-conductivity medium-strength all-aluminum alloy energy-saving lead is formed by stranding a plurality of layers of aluminum alloy monofilaments, wherein the aluminum alloy monofilaments comprise, by mass, 0.35-0.80% of Mg0.35, 0.21-0.60% of Si0.10-0.20% of Zr0.10, 0.06-0.12% of Ti0.06, 0.03-0.08% of V, 0.02-0.06% of La0.05-0.10% of Ce0.05-0.12% of B, less than or equal to 1.73% of Mg/Si, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, wherein the total amount of the inevitable impurities is less than 0.05%.)

1. The high-conductivity medium-strength all-aluminum alloy energy-saving lead is characterized in that: the aluminum alloy wire is formed by stranding a plurality of layers of aluminum alloy monofilaments, wherein the aluminum alloy monofilaments comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 0.35 to 0.80 percent of Mg0.21 to 0.60 percent of Si0.10 to 0.20 percent of Zr0.10 to 0.20 percent of Ti0.06 to 0.12 percent of TiV 0.03 to 0.08 percent of La0.02 to 0.06 percent of Ce0.05 to 0.10 percent of B0.05 to 0.12 percent of Mg/Si less than or equal to 1.73 percent of the total weight of the Mg/Si, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, wherein the total weight of the inevitable impurities is less than 0.05 percent.

2. The high-conductivity medium-strength all-aluminum alloy energy-saving lead wire according to claim 1, characterized in that: the aluminum alloy monofilament consists of the following components in percentage by mass: 0.40 to 0.60 percent of Mg0.40, 0.35 to 0.45 percent of Si0.12 to 0.15 percent of Zr0.06 to 0.08 percent of Ti0.06 to 0.08 percent of TiV 0.05 to 0.07 percent of La0.04 to 0.06 percent of Ce0.06 to 0.08 percent of B0.08 to 0.10 percent of Mg/Si less than or equal to 1.73 percent of Si, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, wherein the total amount of the inevitable impurities is less than 0.05 percent.

3. The high-conductivity medium-strength all-aluminum alloy energy-saving lead wire according to claim 1, characterized in that: the aluminum alloy monofilament consists of the following components in percentage by mass: mg0.40, si0.38, zr0.12, ti0.08, V0.05, la0.04, ce0.06, B0.09, Mg/Si =1.05, the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities, the total amount of said unavoidable impurities being less than 0.05%.

4. The high-conductivity medium-strength all-aluminum alloy energy-saving lead wire according to claim 1, characterized in that: the aluminum alloy monofilament consists of the following components in percentage by mass: mg0.60, si0.45, zr0.15, ti0.10, V0.06, la0.05, ce0.08, B0.10, Mg/Si =1.33, the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities, the total amount of said unavoidable impurities being less than 0.05%.

5. The method for preparing the high-conductivity medium-strength all-aluminum alloy energy-saving lead wire according to any one of claims 1 to 4 and , wherein the method comprises the following steps:

1) smelting an Al source, an Mg source, an Si source, a Zr source, a Ti source, a V source, an La source, a Ce source and a B source to obtain an alloy liquid;

2) casting the alloy liquid to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot;

3) rolling the aluminum alloy cast ingot at the rolling temperature of 520 ℃ and 530 ℃ and the rod outlet temperature of 90 ℃ to obtain a rod material;

4) carrying out solution treatment on the rod material at the temperature of 400-420 ℃ for 1-2h, and then carrying out water quenching;

5) and (3) performing wire drawing, aging treatment and stranding on the rod material subjected to water quenching to obtain the all-aluminum alloy wire.

6. The preparation method of the high-conductivity medium-strength all-aluminum alloy energy-saving lead wire according to claim 5, characterized by comprising the following steps: the smelting is to filter the melt by a foamed ceramic filter plate in the environment of 720-750 ℃ and refine the melt in the inert gas environment.

7. The preparation method of the high-conductivity medium-strength all-aluminum alloy energy-saving lead wire according to claim 6, characterized by comprising the following steps: the aperture of the foamed ceramic filter plate is 20-40ppi, and the thickness is 50 +/-2 mm.

8. The preparation method of the high-conductivity medium-strength all-aluminum alloy energy-saving lead wire according to claim 7, characterized by comprising the following steps: the casting is to cast the alloy liquid obtained in the step 1) in a mold, perform casting at the temperature of 710-730 ℃ at the casting speed of 125mm/min with the temperature of 120-.

9. The preparation method of the high-conductivity medium-strength all-aluminum alloy energy-saving lead wire according to claim 8, characterized by comprising the following steps: the rolling speed is 1.2m/s-2.5 m/s.

10. The preparation method of the high-conductivity medium-strength all-aluminum alloy energy-saving lead wire according to claim 9, characterized by comprising the following steps: the aging treatment parameters are as follows: keeping the temperature at 300 ℃ for 2-4h at 250 ℃.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum-based alloys, and particularly relates to high-conductivity medium-strength all-aluminum alloy energy-saving wires and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The aluminum alloy wire is of a most electric wire and cable raw material currently, an all-aluminum alloy wire (AAAC) is overhead wires widely used abroad, all aluminum alloy wires are all made of aluminum alloy wires, a medium-strength all-aluminum alloy wire is an aluminum alloy stranded wire stranded with a steel core monofilament with the tensile strength of 230-265 MPa, a medium-strength all-aluminum alloy wire (AAAC) adopted on an extra-high voltage and extra-high voltage transmission line has the advantages that (1) the wire has a large tensile strength ratio and a good sag characteristic, the span of a transmission tower can be increased, the line construction investment is reduced, the ratio of the total tensile strength of the medium-strength all-aluminum alloy wire to the unit length weight of the medium-strength all-aluminum alloy wire is 9.4 km, the common ACSR is 7-8 km, (2) the wire has a large elongation rate, the medium-strength all-aluminum alloy wire has excellent overload resistance and fatigue resistance, the wire has a high-wire.

The patent publication No. CN102634695A provides high-conductivity non-heat-treated medium-strength aluminum alloy wire having chemical compositions of 0.10 to 0.90% Fe, 0.10 to 0.50% Si, 0.05 to 0.40% Mg, 0.02 to 0.80% Cu, and 0.05 to 0.6% RE.. although the applicant states that the medium-strength aluminum alloy has a tensile strength of 240MPa or more and a conductivity of 60 to 60.8% under non-heat treatment conditions, it is difficult to satisfy the requirements in terms of strength and conductivity under non-heat treatment conditions in view of the interaction mechanism between elements, when the aluminum alloy contains iron, if the Si content > Fe content, a brittle β phase (Al 9Fe2Si 2) is mainly formed, when 1.5< Fe/Si <3, a plastic α phase (Al 12Fe3 Si) is mainly formed, when the iron content is higher, an Al3 phase Fe phase is mainly formed, a rare earth element is added, and when the contents of Fe and Fe-Si <3 > Fe-RE are higher than those of Al, a rare earth element-Si solid solution modification is further performed, and Al-Si solid solution is added, and Al-Si is less than that Al-Si solid solution, and Al-Si solid solution is added, and Al-Si is added, so far, and Al-Si is added, and the rare earth is added, and.

The influence of alloy elements on the performance of an Al-Fe series conductor material is researched by national grid intelligent power grid research institute, North China electric power university, Central and south university and the like (see CN 104862541A). Studies find that the tensile strength of an Al-Fe series hard-drawn aluminum wire can be improved but the electric conductivity is slightly reduced by proper amounts of rare earth and silicon elements, the tensile strength of a lead is reduced and the electric conductivity is also reduced by adding rare earth elements into an Al-Fe-Mg series aluminum alloy, the electric conductivity of the Al-Fe-Mg series alloy can be improved but the strength is reduced by adding alloy element Zr into the Al-Fe-Mg series aluminum alloy, the electric conductivity of the aluminum alloy can be improved but the strength is reduced by adding rare earth elements into the Al-Cu-Mg series aluminum alloy, and experimental results also find that the processing hardening rate of the aluminum alloy is reduced after the Al-Fe-Mg-RE series is drawn to degree, and the processing hardening rate of the Al-Cu-Mg-RE is larger at the later stage.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem that high-conductivity medium-strength all-aluminum alloy energy-saving leads are provided aiming at the defects of the prior art so as to improve the conductivity of the medium-strength all-aluminum alloy leads and reduce the line loss.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

the high-conductivity medium-strength all-aluminum alloy energy-saving lead is formed by stranding a plurality of layers of aluminum alloy monofilaments, wherein the aluminum alloy monofilaments comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 0.35 to 0.80 percent of Mg0.21 to 0.60 percent of Si0.10 to 0.20 percent of Zr0.10 to 0.20 percent of Ti0.06 to 0.12 percent of TiV 0.03 to 0.08 percent of La0.02 to 0.06 percent of Ce0.05 to 0.10 percent of B0.05 to 0.12 percent of Mg/Si less than or equal to 1.73 percent of the total weight of the Mg/Si, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, wherein the total weight of the inevitable impurities is less than 0.05 percent.

Preferably, the aluminum alloy monofilament consists of the following components in percentage by mass: 0.40 to 0.60 percent of Mg0.40, 0.35 to 0.45 percent of Si0.12 to 0.15 percent of Zr0.06 to 0.08 percent of Ti0.06 to 0.08 percent of TiV 0.05 to 0.07 percent of La0.04 to 0.06 percent of Ce0.06 to 0.08 percent of B0.08 to 0.10 percent of Mg/Si less than or equal to 1.73 percent of Si, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, wherein the total amount of the inevitable impurities is less than 0.05 percent.

Preferably, the aluminum alloy monofilament consists of the following components in percentage by mass: mg0.40, si0.38, zr0.12, ti0.08, V0.05, la0.04, ce0.06, B0.09, Mg/Si =1.05, the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities, the total amount of said unavoidable impurities being less than 0.05%.

Preferably, the aluminum alloy monofilament consists of the following components in percentage by mass: mg0.60, si0.45, zr0.15, ti0.10, V0.06, la0.05, ce0.08, B0.10, Mg/Si =1.33, the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities, the total amount of said unavoidable impurities being less than 0.05%.

The preparation method of the high-conductivity medium-strength all-aluminum alloy energy-saving lead comprises the following steps:

1) smelting an Al source, an Mg source, an Si source, a Zr source, a Ti source, a V source, an La source, a Ce source and a B source to obtain an alloy liquid;

2) casting the alloy liquid to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot;

3) rolling the aluminum alloy cast ingot at the rolling temperature of 520 ℃ and 530 ℃ and the rod outlet temperature of 90 ℃ to obtain a rod material;

4) carrying out solution treatment on the rod material at the temperature of 400-420 ℃ for 1-2h, and then carrying out water quenching;

5) and (3) performing wire drawing, aging treatment and stranding on the rod material subjected to water quenching to obtain the all-aluminum alloy wire.

Preferably, the smelting is carried out in an environment of 720-750 ℃, a foamed ceramic filter plate is used for filtering the melt, and the melt is refined in an inert gas environment.

Preferably, the pore size of the ceramic foam filter plate is 20-40ppi, and the thickness is 50 +/-2 mm.

Preferably, the casting is to cast the alloy liquid in the step 1) in a mold, perform casting at the temperature of 710-730 ℃ and the casting speed of 120-125mm/min, rapidly cool the alloy liquid to 275 ℃, and then perform heat preservation at the temperature of 275-300 ℃ for 8 hours to obtain the aluminum alloy ingot.

Preferably, the rolling speed is 1.2m/s to 2.5 m/s.

Preferably, the aging treatment parameters are as follows: keeping the temperature at 300 ℃ for 2-4h at 250 ℃.

The current situation of the overhead transmission line conductor in China is mainly steel-cored aluminum stranded wires, if a large-section steel-cored aluminum stranded wire is manufactured by increasing the sectional area of the conductor to improve the transmission capacity, a tower with higher strength must be built to realize the purpose, not only the area of a line corridor is increased, but also the construction cost is increased, in order to solve the energy-saving reconstruction of the transmission line, the loss of a transmission line is reduced, and the service life of the transmission line is prolonged, is the development trend of the energy saving and the consumption reduction of the transmission line by adopting high-conductivity all-aluminum alloy conductors to replace the steel-cored aluminum stranded wires, but the conductivity of the high-conductivity all-aluminum alloy conductors is lower and the line loss is larger in China, the conductivity of the high-conductivity all-aluminum alloy conductors in China is improved compared with the high-strength all-aluminum alloy conductors in China, but the production process is complex and the cost is higher in the product comprehensive performance and has a larger difference with foreign country, therefore, the development of high-conductivity, the high-strength aluminum alloy conductor material and the conductor thereof are the trend of the current all-aluminum alloy conductor technology development and the technical problem to be solved, the conductivity of aluminum alloy conductors, the conductivity is not easy to the chemical composition of aluminum, the impurity of the aluminum alloy, the impurity of the aluminum alloy, the impurity of the aluminum alloy, the impurity of the aluminum alloy, the impurity of the aluminum alloy, the impurity of the aluminum alloy, the impurity.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

the invention provides high-conductivity medium-strength all-aluminum alloy energy-saving leads based on the technical scheme, in order to obtain the optimal combination of strength and conductivity, the components of the alloy and the preparation process of the leads must be carefully controlled, firstly, the invention strictly controls the content of alloy elements, so that the optimal matching of strength, heat resistance and conductivity is very important, Mg and Si are strengthening elements in the aluminum alloy, the Mg and Si elements form a stable strengthening phase structure in the alloy, the Mg/Si ratio is controlled below 1.73, which is beneficial to improving the strength of the alloy, Zr, Ti and V are added, which are beneficial to improving the heat resistance and the creep resistance of aluminum materials, but can influence the conductivity of the alloy, the addition amount is strictly controlled, so that the alloy can improve the heat resistance and simultaneously reduce the loss of the conductivity, the mass contents of Zr, Ti and V are respectively 0.10-0.20wt%, 0.06-0.12 wt%, 0.03-0.08 wt%, La and Ce have extremely high chemical activity, the addition of Zr, Ti and V have the functions of removing H, changing the impurity form and impurity distribution, improving the conductivity of aluminum alloy, reducing the conductivity of an alloy rod, reducing the elongation rate of the alloy, reducing the conductivity of the alloy, reducing the alloy ingot, reducing the elongation of the alloy ingot, and the elongation of the alloy, and the alloy.

Secondly, the process steps of the aluminum alloy conductor of the invention are as follows: smelting, casting, rolling, solution treatment, wire drawing, aging treatment and stranding, the air suction capacity of the aluminum alloy is strong in smelting, and alloy elements such as Al, Mg and the like are easy to be combined with elements such as O, N to generate inclusionsAnd metallurgical defects such as looseness, pores, slag inclusion and the like can be formed in the cast ingot. The high content of inclusions causes the increase of the cracking tendency of a casting blank in the casting process, the high content of H, O and the like are also main factors influencing the cracking tendency of the casting blank, and the high content of Na causes the phenomenon of sodium brittleness. Therefore, in the smelting process, H and Na are removed, the content of the inclusions is reduced, the particle size of the inclusions is controlled, and the influence of large-particle inclusions is eliminated. The invention combines the method of purification treatment in the furnace and the method of purification treatment outside the furnace, the purification treatment in the furnace mainly adopts inert gas, such as nitrogen or argon; the external purification mainly adopts a foamed ceramic filter plate for filtration, and the smelting temperature is controlled to be 720-750 ℃ in the process. In the casting process, the casting speed and the cooling mode directly influence the surface quality and the internal structure of the cast ingot, and the casting process is reasonably controlled to eliminate common casting defects (such as cracking, shrinkage cavity, cold shut and the like) and obtain uniform structure. The aluminum alloy belongs to heat treatment strengthening type alloy, and the temperature and the rolling speed are controlled in the rolling process, so that the alloy rod material has good mechanical property and conductivity. The rod material is subjected to artificial aging treatment, and Zr contributing to solid solution is Al₃Zr is dispersed and precipitated, so that the heat resistance of the alloy is improved, the influence of the Zr on the conductivity is reduced, and the stability of the structure and the performance of the final product are improved and stabilized.

Detailed Description

The invention will now be described in further detail in with reference to specific examples.