阅读说明：本技术 一种核桃脱青皮的方法 (Method for removing green peel of walnut ) 是由 金强 陈小飞 冯一峰 陈家力 张锐 王新建 张宏 刘多红 于 2019-11-22 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种核桃脱青皮的方法,包括：(1)将采摘后的鲜核桃进行挑选,剔除病烂果；(2)将挑选后的鲜核桃浸泡在混合溶液I中,所述混合溶液I按重量份数计包括2～4份柠檬酸二氢钠、5～10份柠檬酸钠和60～80份乙烯利溶液,所述乙烯利溶液的浓度为1000～2000ppm；(3)取出浸泡后的鲜核桃与钢珠一起振荡脱皮产出核桃；(4)产出的核桃浸泡在保鲜护色剂溶液中；(5)清洗、晾晒后包装。能够快速脱青皮,所需时间只需8～35min且出果率高达95.1％～98.6％；简单方便,无需低温冰箱或者冰块等。(The invention provides a method for removing green husks of walnuts, which comprises the following steps: (1) picking up fresh walnuts after picking, and removing rotten fruits; (2) soaking the selected fresh walnuts in a mixed solution I, wherein the mixed solution I comprises 2-4 parts by weight of sodium dihydrogen citrate, 5-10 parts by weight of sodium citrate and 60-80 parts by weight of ethephon solution, and the concentration of the ethephon solution is 1000-2000 ppm; (3) taking out the soaked fresh walnuts, and vibrating and peeling the fresh walnuts and the steel balls together to produce walnuts; (4) the produced walnuts are soaked in the fresh color fixative solution; (5) cleaning, air drying and packaging. The green seedcase can be removed rapidly, the required time is only 8-35 min, and the fruit yield is as high as 95.1% -98.6%; the method is simple and convenient, and a low-temperature refrigerator or ice blocks and the like are not needed.)

1. A method for removing green husks of walnuts is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step 1, picking up fresh walnuts, and removing rotten fruits;

2, soaking the selected fresh walnuts in a mixed solution I, wherein the mixed solution I comprises 2-4 parts by weight of sodium dihydrogen citrate, 5-10 parts by weight of sodium citrate and 60-80 parts by weight of ethephon solution, and the concentration of the ethephon solution is 1000-2000 ppm;

step 3, taking out the soaked fresh walnuts, and oscillating and peeling the fresh walnuts together with the steel balls to produce walnuts;

step 4, soaking the produced walnuts in a fresh color fixative solution;

and 5, cleaning, airing and packaging.

2. The method for removing the green peels of the walnuts as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soaking time in the mixed solution I in the step 2 is 5-30 min.

3. The method for removing the green seedcase of the walnut as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specification of the steel ball in the step 3 is 50-80 mm.

4. The method for removing the green peels of walnuts as claimed in claim 1, wherein the shaking in the step 3 comprises artificial shaking and shaking table shaking, and the shaking time is 3-5 min.

5. The method for removing the green rind of the walnut as claimed in claim 4, wherein the shaking table has an oscillation frequency of 200-800 rpm.

6. The method for removing the green peels of the walnuts as claimed in claim 1, wherein the freshness-preserving color fixative in the step 4 comprises 6-8 parts by weight of calcium chloride and 3-5 parts by weight of sodium malate; the weight ratio of the fresh-keeping color fixative added in the fresh-keeping color fixative solution to water is 20-40: 60-80.

7. The method for removing the green peels of walnuts as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soaking temperature in the step 4 is 2-10 ℃, and the soaking time is 0.5-14 days.

8. The method for removing green peels of walnuts as claimed in claim 1, wherein vacuum or inert gas filling is adopted for packaging in the step 5.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of green walnut peeling, in particular to a method for peeling green husks of walnuts.

Background

The walnut has rich nutrition, and has effects of invigorating kidney, moistening lung, moisturizing intestine, strengthening body constitution, nourishing brain, caring skin and prolonging life. The walnut green peel contains abundant vitamin B and vitamin C, the content of the vitamin B and the vitamin C is 40-50 times of that of the citrus pincers, substances such as quercetin and kaempferol are also contained, and the walnut green peel can be used for treating certain skin diseases and stomach neuralgia in a traditional Chinese medicine manner; the olive peel can also be used as a pesticide. But the green walnut peel is solid waste for the merchant. According to the determination, the moisture content of the green husks of the walnuts just harvested is 40-50%, and the walnuts are easy to rot and deteriorate after being harvested due to the high moisture content, so that the green husks outside the nuts are removed as soon as possible to keep the surfaces of the walnuts clean, the appearance quality of the products is improved, and the additional value of the walnuts is improved.

The prior method for removing the green peel of the walnut mainly comprises the following 4 methods:

1. a stack retting method: after being harvested, the fruits are timely transported to outdoor shady places or indoor places, are forbidden to be solarized in the sun, and are piled up into piles (the piles are too thick and are easy to rot) according to the thickness of about 50 cm. If a layer of 10 cm thick wheat bran or dry leaves is added to the fruit heap, the temperature in the heap can be increased, the fruit after-ripening can be promoted, and the peeling speed can be increased. The mixture is typically piled for 3-5 days. When the Chinese olive peel is separated from the shell or cracks more than 50%, the Chinese olive peel can be peeled by knocking with a stick. For those without peeling, the stack can be retted for several days until all peeling is finished. But the disadvantages are: a stack retting green husk removing method: the rot is serious; the time is long, generally about 7 days; the walnut kernel is seriously polluted, the surface of the walnut without the green husk is blackish, partial surface of the walnut is locally polluted, and some walnut kernels even go bad, thus the product quality of the walnut is seriously influenced.

2. Spraying ethephon after picking: after the fruits are harvested, the fruits are dipped in 0.3 to 0.5 percent ethephon solution for about half a minute, and then piled in a shade or a room according to the thickness of about 50 centimeters, the temperature is kept at 30 ℃, the relative humidity is 80 to 90 percent, and the peeling rate can reach more than 95 percent after about 5 days. If a layer of wheat bran or hay of about 10 cm is covered on the pile, the skin can be removed after about 2 days. The ethephon ripening time is related to the dosage concentration and the fruit ripening degree, namely the ripening time is shorter when the fruit ripening degree is higher or the dosage concentration is higher. Spraying ethephon after picking also needs to perform stack retting, and the whole green husk removing treatment process is long in time.

3. Spraying ethephon before picking: when the walnut is nearly mature, 1 kg of water is added with 800-1200 mg of ethephon to prepare a solution, the solution is sprayed on the surface of the walnut 10 days before picking, the walnut is picked after 10 days, the fruit cracking rate can reach 95%, and then retting needs to be carried out for a period of time. Before picking, ethephon is sprayed, and composting is also needed; the whole green seedcase removing treatment process is long in time.

4. A freeze-thaw green peel removing method: freezing the green husk of the walnut at low temperature, and then removing the green husk by high-temperature melting. Picking out fruits with diseases and insect pests from ripe walnuts, and then freezing at a low temperature of-5 ℃ to-25 ℃. After the green husk of the walnut is completely frozen, the temperature is raised to more than 0 ℃ for melting, and the green husk is mechanically or manually removed. The standard of freezing completely is that the Chinese olive peel is completely frozen, obvious ice scraps are embedded in the Chinese olive peel during peeling, the low-temperature environment increases the input cost of the machine, and the burden of farmers is increased; the green husk removing time is longer.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a method for peeling off green husks of walnuts, which can quickly peel off the green husks, and the required time is only 8-35 min; and the fruit yield is as high as 95.1-98.6%.

The invention is realized by the following steps:

one of the purposes provided by the invention is to provide a method for removing green husks of walnuts, which comprises the following steps:

step 1, picking up fresh walnuts, and removing rotten fruits;

2, soaking the selected fresh walnuts in a mixed solution I, wherein the mixed solution I comprises 2-4 parts by weight of sodium dihydrogen citrate, 5-10 parts by weight of sodium citrate and 60-80 parts by weight of ethephon solution, and the concentration of the ethephon solution is 1000-2000 ppm;

step 3, taking out the soaked fresh walnuts, and oscillating and peeling the fresh walnuts together with the steel balls to produce walnuts;

step 4, soaking the produced walnuts in a fresh color fixative solution;

and 5, cleaning, airing and packaging.

Preferably, the soaking time in the mixed solution I in the step 2 is 5-30 min.

Preferably, in the step 3, the specification of the steel ball is 50-80 mm. The oscillation comprises manual oscillation and shaking table oscillation, and the oscillation time is 3-5 min. When manual oscillation is selected, fresh walnuts and steel balls can be placed into the bag to oscillate, the bag can be shaken back by the manual oscillation mode or placed on the ground to be turned or rolled, and the time is 3-5 min; wherein the preferred 1 ~ 3 of the number proportion of bright walnut and steel ball in the bag: 6-8, the specification of the steel ball is preferably 50-80 mm; when the shaking table is selected for oscillation, fresh walnuts and steel balls can be placed into the bag together, then the bag is placed on the shaking table, and the oscillation frequency of the shaking table is preferably 200-800 rpm.

Preferably, in the step 4, the fresh-keeping color fixative comprises 6-8 parts by weight of calcium chloride and 3-5 parts by weight of sodium malate; the weight ratio of the fresh-keeping color fixative added in the fresh-keeping color fixative solution to water is 20-40: 60-80. The soaking temperature is 2-10 ℃, and the soaking time is 0.5-14 d.

Preferably, in the step 5, the walnut with the green husk removed is washed with clean water, and green husk dregs on the surface of the walnut shell with the core removed are washed. And (3) airing the cleaned walnuts, and airing the walnut shells, wherein the airing degree is in accordance with the relevant regulation of the water content of the walnut kernels. And packaging the finished product by vacuum or filling inert gas.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

the method for removing the green husks of the walnuts can quickly remove the green husks, the required time is only 8-35 min, and the fruit yield is as high as 95.1% -98.6%; the method is simple and convenient, and a low-temperature refrigerator or ice blocks and the like are not needed; the ethephon is detected to be basically free from residue.

Detailed Description