3XXX series aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof
阅读说明：本技术 3xxx系铝合金及其制备方法 (3XXX series aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof ) 是由 浦俭英 李其荣 吴桂兰 于 2019-11-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种3XXX系铝合金及其制备方法,该3XXX系铝合金包括以下质量百分比的成分：0.7％-0.8％的硅；0.7％-0.8％的铜；0.2％-0.35％的铁；1.5％-1.6％的锰；小于或等于0.02％的镁；0.16％-0.25％的钛；0.01％-0.05％的钒；以及其余为铝。该制备方法包括以下步骤：按照上述3XXX系铝合金称取原料；将原料加入熔炼炉中熔炼为铝液,铝液经过精炼后,送至静置炉中进行静置及在线除气和双极过滤；通过热顶水平铸造工序,对铝液进行浇铸,浇铸成铸锭；以及对铸锭进行均匀化处理。本发明的3XXX系铝合金及其制备方法所制备的铝合金在高温焊接后,硬度可以达到60HB以上,是在同等条件下其它3系铝合金高温焊接后硬度的2倍以上。(The invention relates to a 3XXX series aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, wherein the 3XXX series aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.7% -0.8% silicon; 0.7% -0.8% of copper; 0.2% -0.35% iron; 1.5% -1.6% manganese; less than or equal to 0.02% magnesium; 0.16% -0.25% titanium; 0.01-0.05% vanadium; and the balance aluminum. The preparation method comprises the following steps: weighing the raw materials according to the 3XXX series aluminum alloy; adding the raw materials into a smelting furnace to be smelted into molten aluminum, refining the molten aluminum, and then sending the refined molten aluminum into a standing furnace to perform standing, online degassing and bipolar filtration; casting the molten aluminum through a hot-top horizontal casting process to form a cast ingot; and homogenizing the cast ingot. After the 3XXX series aluminum alloy and the aluminum alloy prepared by the preparation method of the invention are welded at high temperature, the hardness can reach more than 60HB, which is more than 2 times of the hardness of other 3 series aluminum alloys welded at high temperature under the same condition.)
1. A3 XXX series aluminium alloy, characterized in that, the 3XXX series aluminium alloy comprises the following components by mass percent:
0.7% -0.8% silicon;
0.7% -0.8% of copper;
0.2% -0.35% iron;
1.5% -1.6% manganese;
less than or equal to 0.02% magnesium;
0.16% -0.25% titanium;
0.01-0.05% vanadium; and
the balance being aluminum.
2. The 3XXX series aluminum alloy of claim 1, wherein the 3XXX series aluminum alloy includes the following composition, in mass percent:
0.727% silicon;
0.744% copper;
0.297% iron;
1.54% manganese;
0.0022% magnesium;
0.192% titanium;
0.022% of vanadium; and
the balance being aluminum.
3. The 3XXX series aluminum alloy of claim 1, wherein the 3XXX series aluminum alloy includes the following composition, in mass percent:
0.76% silicon;
0.754% copper;
0.329% iron;
1.58% manganese;
0.006% magnesium;
0.221% titanium;
0.032% vanadium; and
the balance being aluminum.
4. A method for preparing a 3XXX series aluminum alloy, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
weighing the 3XXX series aluminum alloy of any of claims 1-3 as defined above;
adding the raw materials into a smelting furnace to be smelted into molten aluminum, refining the molten aluminum, and then sending the refined molten aluminum into a standing furnace to perform standing, online degassing and bipolar filtration;
casting the molten aluminum through a hot-top horizontal casting process to form a cast ingot; and
and carrying out homogenization treatment on the cast ingot.
5. The method for preparing 3XXX series aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 4, wherein the melting temperature of the melting furnace is 710-770 ℃.
6. The method for preparing 3XXX series aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 4, wherein the refining temperature of the aluminum liquid is 710-740 ℃ and the refining time is 20-40 minutes.
7. The method of claim 4, wherein the aluminium liquid is allowed to stand in the furnace for a period of 15-35 minutes.
8. The method of claim 4, wherein the molten aluminum is cast at a speed of 120-140mm/min and the cooling water flow is 6200-6800L/min.
9. The method of claim 4, wherein the ingot is heated at 590-610 ℃ for 6 hours during the homogenization treatment.
10. The method of claim 4, further comprising the steps of, prior to the step of casting the molten aluminum: preheating equipment used in the casting process, and fully baking a launder, a degassing tank, a filter box and a die plate used in the casting process.
Technical Field
The invention relates to an aluminum alloy, in particular to a 3XXX series aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The density of the aluminum is about 1/3 of steel, the aluminum has the advantages of strong corrosion resistance, good thermal stability, good plasticity and the like, and the aluminum is an ideal metal material in the automobile industry and a lightweight material which is most widely applied in addition to mature application technology.
Meanwhile, with the rapid development of industrial economy, the demand for aluminum alloy weldments is increasing, and 3XXX series aluminum alloys are known to be softer aluminum alloys.
In the process of implementing the invention, the inventor finds that the prior art has at least the following problems:
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the embodiment of the invention provides a 3XXX series aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof. The specific technical scheme is as follows:
in a first aspect, a 3XXX series aluminum alloy is provided, wherein the 3XXX series aluminum alloy includes the following compositions in mass percent:
0.7% -0.8% silicon;
0.7% -0.8% of copper;
0.2% -0.35% iron;
1.5% -1.6% manganese;
less than or equal to 0.02% magnesium;
0.16% -0.25% titanium;
0.01-0.05% vanadium; and
the balance being aluminum.
In a first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the 3XXX series aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
0.727% silicon;
0.744% copper;
0.297% iron;
1.54% manganese;
0.0022% magnesium;
0.192% titanium;
0.022% of vanadium; and
the balance being aluminum.
In a second possible implementation form of the first aspect, the 3XXX series aluminum alloy comprises the following composition in mass percent:
0.76% silicon;
0.754% copper;
0.329% iron;
1.58% manganese;
0.006% magnesium;
0.221% titanium;
0.032% vanadium; and
the balance being aluminum.
In a second aspect, there is provided a method of making a 3XXX series aluminum alloy, comprising the steps of:
weighing the raw materials according to the 3XXX series aluminum alloy in any one of the first aspect;
adding the raw materials into a smelting furnace to be smelted into molten aluminum, refining the molten aluminum, and then sending the refined molten aluminum into a standing furnace to perform standing, online degassing and bipolar filtration;
casting the molten aluminum through a hot-top horizontal casting process to form a cast ingot; and
and homogenizing the cast ingot.
In a first possible implementation manner of the second aspect, the smelting temperature of the smelting furnace is 710-770 ℃.
In a second possible implementation manner of the second aspect, the refining temperature of the aluminum liquid is 710-740 ℃, and the refining time is 20-40 minutes.
In a third possible implementation manner of the second aspect, the standing time of the aluminum liquid in the standing furnace is 15-35 minutes.
In a fourth possible implementation manner of the second aspect, the casting speed of the aluminum liquid is 120-.
In a fifth possible implementation manner of the second aspect, the heating temperature of the ingot during the homogenization treatment is 590-610 ℃ and the holding time is 6 hours.
In a sixth possible implementation manner of the second aspect, the method further includes the following steps before the aluminum liquid is cast: preheating equipment used in the casting process, and fully baking a launder, a degassing tank, a filter box and a die plate used in the casting process.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
after the 3XXX series aluminum alloy and the aluminum alloy prepared by the preparation method of the invention are welded at high temperature, the hardness can reach more than 60HB, which is more than 2 times of the hardness of other 3 series aluminum alloys welded at high temperature under the same condition.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart showing the steps of a method for producing a 3XXX series aluminum alloy according to one, two or three embodiments of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In one embodiment of the invention, raw materials are weighed according to the mass percentage of the 3XXX series aluminum alloy, and the raw materials comprise 0.7-0.8% of silicon (Si), 0.7-0.8% of copper (Cu), 0.2-0.35% of iron (Fe), 1.5-1.6% of manganese (Mn), less than or equal to 0.02% of magnesium (Mg), 0.16-0.25% of titanium (Ti), 0.01-0.05% of vanadium (V), and the balance of aluminum (Al).
Referring to fig. 1, a schematic flow chart of steps of a
and
Specifically, the raw materials are added into a smelting furnace, and the smelting temperature of the smelting furnace is set, wherein the smelting temperature is preferably 710-770 ℃, for example 710 ℃, 730 ℃, 750 ℃ or 770 ℃, but not limited thereto. At the temperature, the raw materials are smelted to be completely molten to form aluminum liquid. And (4) after refining, sending the aluminum liquid to a standing furnace for standing, online degassing and bipolar filtration.
In a preferred embodiment, when refining the aluminum liquid, the refining temperature is preferably 710-.
In another preferred embodiment, when the aluminum liquid is kept still, the standing time of the aluminum liquid in the standing furnace is preferably 15-35min, such as 15min, 25min or 35min, but not limited thereto.
In the present embodiment, there is no particular requirement for the selection of the melting furnace and the holding furnace, and the selection is made by referring to the routine selection of those skilled in the art.
And 102, casting. And casting the molten aluminum through a hot-top horizontal casting process to form a cast ingot.
Specifically, through a hot-top horizontal casting process, molten aluminum is cast into a mold, and after the molten aluminum is cooled and solidified, a cast ingot is formed. When casting the aluminum liquid, the casting speed of the aluminum liquid is preferably 120-140mm/min, for example, 120mm/min, 130mm/min or 140mm/min, but not limited thereto. The cooling water flow rate is preferably 6200-6800L/min, such as 6200L/min, 6400L/min, 6600L/min or 6800L/min, but not limited thereto.
Specifically, before the aluminum liquid is cast, equipment used in the casting process is preheated, and a launder, a degassing tank, a filter box and a die disc used in the casting process are fully baked, so that the temperature loss is reduced, the casting conditions are optimized, and the hardness of the 3XXX aluminum alloy after high-temperature welding can be improved.
And step 103, homogenizing. And homogenizing the cast ingot.
Specifically, the ingot is homogenized to improve the metallurgical quality and the extrusion performance of the ingot. In the homogenization treatment, the heating temperature is preferably 590-610 deg.C, such as 590 deg.C, 600 deg.C or 610 deg.C, but not limited thereto. The incubation time was 6 hours.
In the two examples of the present invention, raw materials were weighed based on the mass percentage of the 3XXX series aluminum alloy, and the raw materials had the composition of 0.727% silicon (Si), 0.744% copper (Cu), 0.297% iron (Fe), 1.54% manganese (Mn), 0.0022% magnesium (Mg), 0.192% titanium (Ti), 0.022% vanadium (V), and the balance aluminum (Al).
Referring to FIG. 1, a schematic flow chart of steps of a
and step 101, smelting. The raw materials are added into a smelting furnace to be smelted into aluminum liquid, and the aluminum liquid is refined and then sent into a standing furnace to be stood, subjected to online degassing and bipolar filtration.
Specifically, the raw materials are added into a smelting furnace, the smelting temperature of the smelting furnace is set to 760 +/-5 ℃, and the raw materials are smelted to be completely molten at the temperature to form aluminum liquid. And (4) after refining, sending the aluminum liquid to a standing furnace for standing, online degassing and bipolar filtration.
In a preferred embodiment, when refining the aluminum liquid, the refining temperature is preferably 710-.
In another preferred embodiment, when the aluminum liquid is kept still, the standing time of the aluminum liquid in the standing furnace is preferably 15-35min, such as 15min, 25min or 35min, but not limited thereto.
In the present embodiment, there is no particular requirement for the selection of the melting furnace and the holding furnace, and the selection is made by referring to the routine selection of those skilled in the art.
And 102, casting. And casting the molten aluminum through a hot-top horizontal casting process to form a cast ingot.
Specifically, the launder, the degassing box and the filter box mould disc are electrically heated and baked, the electric heating temperature is set to 850 ℃, when the baking temperature reaches 740-.
And step 103, homogenizing. And homogenizing the cast ingot.
Specifically, the aluminum alloy solid round ingot is subjected to homogenization treatment, the heating temperature is 590-610 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 6 hours.
In the three examples of the present invention, raw materials were weighed based on the mass percentage of the 3XXX series aluminum alloy, and the raw materials consisted of 0.76% silicon (Si), 0.754% copper (Cu), 0.329% iron (Fe), 1.58% manganese (Mn), 0.006% magnesium (Mg), 0.221% titanium (Ti), 0.032% vanadium (V), and the balance aluminum (Al).
Referring to FIG. 1, a schematic flow chart of steps of a
and step 101, smelting. The raw materials are added into a smelting furnace to be smelted into aluminum liquid, and the aluminum liquid is refined and then sent into a standing furnace to be stood, subjected to online degassing and bipolar filtration.
Specifically, the raw materials are added into a smelting furnace, the smelting temperature of the smelting furnace is set to 760 +/-5 ℃, and the raw materials are smelted to be completely molten at the temperature to form aluminum liquid. And (4) after refining, sending the aluminum liquid to a standing furnace for standing, online degassing and bipolar filtration.
In a preferred embodiment, when refining the aluminum liquid, the refining temperature is preferably 710-.
In another preferred embodiment, when the aluminum liquid is kept still, the standing time of the aluminum liquid in the standing furnace is preferably 15-35min, such as 15min, 25min or 35min, but not limited thereto.
In the present embodiment, there is no particular requirement for the selection of the melting furnace and the holding furnace, and the selection is made by referring to the routine selection of those skilled in the art.
And 102, casting. And casting the molten aluminum through a hot-top horizontal casting process to form a cast ingot.
Specifically, the launder, the degassing box and the filter box mould disc are electrically heated and baked, the electric heating temperature is set to 850 ℃, when the baking temperature reaches 740-.
And step 103, homogenizing. And homogenizing the cast ingot.
Specifically, the aluminum alloy solid round ingot is subjected to homogenization treatment, the heating temperature is 590-610 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 6 hours.
Taking the 3XXX series aluminum alloy (cast ingot) prepared in the second and third examples, respectively, carrying out high temperature welding under the same conditions, and respectively testing the hardness according to GB/T231.1 to obtain the following data:
1. the 3XXX series aluminum alloy prepared in the two examples has a hardness of 65HB after high temperature welding.
2. The 3XXX series aluminum alloy prepared in the three examples has a hardness of 63HB after high temperature welding.
According to the common knowledge of the skilled in the art, the hardness of the 3XXX series aluminum alloy which is in accordance with the national standard and is commonly used in the prior art after high temperature welding is usually 25-40HB, so that the hardness of the 3XXX series aluminum alloy and the aluminum alloy prepared by the preparation method of the 3XXX series aluminum alloy in the embodiment after high temperature welding is more than 2 times of that of other 3 series aluminum alloys under the same conditions.
The foregoing description shows and describes several preferred embodiments of the invention, but as aforementioned, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the forms disclosed herein, but is not to be construed as excluding other embodiments and is capable of use in various other combinations, modifications, and environments and is capable of changes within the scope of the inventive concept as expressed herein, commensurate with the above teachings, or the skill or knowledge of the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
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