阅读说明：本技术 一种农产品的气调贮藏方法及应用 (Controlled atmosphere storage method and application of agricultural products ) 是由 王瑞 曹森 吉宁 李江阔 马超 张鹏 巴良杰 吴文能 雷霁卿 于 2019-09-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种农产品的气调贮藏方法,包括农产品分装、预处理、气调贮藏步骤,其中气调贮藏为：将步骤(2)预处理好的农产品送入清洗、消毒好的气调冷库中,充入高浓度气体并密闭保持,通过气调设备将气调冷库中的O<Sub>2</Sub>、CO<Sub>2</Sub>浓度调整到不同农产品气调贮藏条件,然后进行密封气调贮藏,气调贮藏过程中进行间歇充入高浓度气体,使气调贮藏条件恢复到不同农产品气调贮藏状态。本申请根据气调冷库的密闭特性,先对农产品进行预处理,再使用高浓度CO<Sub>2</Sub>、NO进行间歇式处理农产品,达到避免农产品在贮藏过程中因高封闭、高湿环境而受到病虫害侵染或腐烂,调节农产品采摘后的采后生理,延长农产品贮运、货架寿命。(The invention discloses a controlled atmosphere storage method of agricultural products, which comprises the steps of agricultural product subpackaging, pretreatment and controlled atmosphere storage, wherein the controlled atmosphere storage comprises the following steps: sending the agricultural products pretreated in the step (2) into a cleaned and sterilized air-conditioned cold storage, filling high-concentration gas and keeping the gas closed, and using air-conditioned equipment to enable O in the air-conditioned cold storage to be in an O shape 2 、CO 2 The concentration is adjusted to different agricultural product controlled atmosphere storage conditions, then sealed controlled atmosphere storage is carried out, and high-concentration gas is intermittently filled in the controlled atmosphere storage process, so that the controlled atmosphere storage conditions are restored to different agricultural product controlled atmosphere storage states. According to the application, the agricultural products are pretreated firstly and then high-concentration CO is used according to the sealing characteristic of the air-conditioned cold storage 2 And the NO is used for intermittently treating the agricultural products, so that the agricultural products are prevented from being infected or rotted by pests and diseases in the storage process due to a high-closed and high-humidity environment, the post-harvest physiology of the picked agricultural products is adjusted, and the storage and transportation of the agricultural products and the service life of a goods shelf are prolonged.)

1. A controlled atmosphere storage method of agricultural products is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) subpackaging agricultural products: classifying the picked agricultural products, selecting the agricultural products with uniform size, similar maturity, normal color, freshness and no obvious defect, and putting the agricultural products in the same turnover basket;

(2) pretreatment: under a closed state, pre-cooling treatment is carried out according to the physiological characteristics of the agricultural products subpackaged in the step (1), and meanwhile, sealing fumigation treatment is carried out on the agricultural products;

(3) modified atmosphere storage: sending the agricultural products pretreated in the step (2) into a cleaned and sterilized air-conditioned cold storage, filling high-concentration gas and keeping the gas closed, and using air-conditioned equipment to enable O in the air-conditioned cold storage to be in an O shape₂、CO₂The concentration is adjusted to different agricultural product controlled atmosphere storage conditions, then sealed controlled atmosphere storage is carried out, and high-concentration gas is intermittently filled in the controlled atmosphere storage process, so that the controlled atmosphere storage conditions are restored to different agricultural product controlled atmosphere storage states.

2. A method of modified atmosphere storage of agricultural products according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), the agricultural products are blueberries, kiwi fruits, pitaya, plums, gastrodia elata, edible and medicinal fungi and poultry eggs.

3. According toA method of modified atmosphere storage of agricultural products according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), the fumigation adopts the mass concentration of 1-20 mg/m³The ozone fumigates the agricultural products, wherein the fumigating temperature is 0-12 ℃, and the time is 10-35 min.

4. A method of modified atmosphere storage of agricultural products according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), the temperature of the pre-cooling treatment is 2-12 ℃, and after the central temperature of the agricultural products reaches 2-12 ℃, the central temperature is kept for 24-48 hours.

5. A method of modified atmosphere storage of agricultural products according to claim 1, wherein: and (2) ventilating and diffusing the agricultural products for 120-160 s after the sealed fumigation.

6. A method of modified atmosphere storage of agricultural products according to claim 1, wherein: in step (3), the modified atmosphere storage conditions are as follows: o is₂0.8-10% of volume content, CO₂The volume content is 0.8-30%, the temperature is 0-12 ℃, and the relative humidity of air is 90-95%.

7. A method of modified atmosphere storage of agricultural products according to claim 1, wherein: in step (3), the high concentration gas is CO₂And one or two of NO gas are mixed, and CO in the refrigeration storage is filled with high-concentration gas₂The volume fraction of NO is 2-98%; the time for the maintaining treatment is 0.5-12 h.

8. A method of modified atmosphere storage of agricultural products according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (3), the intermittent filling of the high-concentration gas is to fill the high-concentration gas once every 9-12 days at the beginning of warehousing of the agricultural products, perform sealing treatment for 0.5-12 h, and then enable O in the controlled atmosphere refrigeration house to pass through controlled atmosphere equipment according to the physiological characteristics of the agricultural products₂、CO₂The concentration is adjusted to different agricultural product air-conditioned storage conditions.

9. A method of modified atmosphere storage of agricultural products according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (3), the disinfection is carried out by adopting the mass concentration of 3mg/m³ClO₂Fumigating the cold storage, sealing for 22-25 h, and then ventilating for 2-3 h.

10. Use of the modified atmosphere storage method according to any one of claims 1 to 9 for the preservation of agricultural products, wherein: can prevent the agricultural products from being infected or rotten by pests and diseases in the storage process due to a high-closed and high-humidity environment, and prolong the storage, transportation and shelf life of the agricultural products.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural product preservation, and particularly relates to an air-conditioned storage method and application of agricultural products.

Background

Agricultural products (farm products) are produced in agriculture, such as tobacco leaves, melons, fruits, vegetables, peanuts, corns, and local specialties in various regions. After being picked, the agricultural products lose the external nutrient supply in the storage and transportation processes, but the life activities of the agricultural products are still carried out, so the agricultural products can be softened, aged and infected by microorganisms, thereby causing deterioration, rot and serious loss. The types of the existing agricultural product preservation technologies mainly comprise the following methods: firstly, cold storage, secondly, low-temperature high-humidity preservation, thirdly, inert gas is introduced and low-temperature preservation is carried out. The temperature is one of the important factors determining the storage quality of agricultural products, and the low-temperature refrigeration can influence the physical, chemical and mutagenic reactions of the agricultural products, inhibit the growth and reproduction of microorganisms and prolong the storage life. However, cold sensitive fruits and vegetables are sensitive to low temperature, are easy to cause cold damage when stored at uncomfortable low temperature, have the problems of physiological metabolic disorder, softening and aging, nutrition loss and the like of agricultural products, and are easy to be infected by microorganisms to accelerate quality deterioration and severe rot of the agricultural products with cold damage. Due to the lag in cold damage symptoms, the agricultural products rapidly become rotten and deteriorate after transferring from a low-temperature environment to a warm environment, and the loss is irretrievable.

In recent years, modified atmosphere storage has become more popular. The principle of the gas regulation storage and preservation technology is that according to the post-harvest respiration characteristics of agricultural products and the requirements for environmental gas, the purpose of effectively prolonging the storage and preservation periods of agricultural product varieties with post-harvest respiration jump peaks is achieved by means of changing the gas components of the storage environment of the agricultural products through a mechanical gas preparation method. The technical measures of adopting the modified atmosphere storage comprise: reducing the oxygen content in the storage environment, increasing the carbon dioxide content, removing the carbon dioxide, removing ethylene and acetaldehyde gases and the like, and the heat transfer process inside and outside the storage environment is accompanied when the gas exchange of the storage environment is realized no matter which controlled atmosphere storage and fresh-keeping measures are implemented. Since the operation of the separation apparatus is carried out at a temperature of 45-50 c when the ambient air is conducted through the separation apparatus for the purpose of reducing oxygen in the storage environment, the temperature of the produced hypoxic air is also this temperature, and likewise the operation temperature for removing carbon dioxide, ethylene and acetaldehyde is also very high. For the controlled atmosphere storage and preservation of agricultural products, the storage and preservation temperature is required to be very low, so that the treated high-temperature gas returns to the storage environment after being initially cooled, and then the refrigeration equipment in the storage environment guides heat out to reach the state of relatively constant temperature in the storage environment. Currently, there are some publications on modified atmosphere storage of agricultural products, such as:

1. patent application cn201610127220.x, a controlled atmosphere storage and preservation method of flat peach, comprising the steps of: pre-cooling: after being picked, the seven to eight ripe flat peach fruits are precooled for 20 to 30 hours at the temperature of between 0 and 2 ℃, and the temperature of the core of the flat peach fruit is reduced to between 0 and 2 ℃; and performing controlled atmosphere storage on the pre-cooled flat peach fruits, wherein the controlled atmosphere storage conditions are as follows: the volume concentration of oxygen is 3-8%, the volume concentration of carbon dioxide is 3-5%, the temperature is 0-1 ℃, and the relative humidity is 85-90%. The invention can effectively prolong the storage period of flat peach, can keep higher hardness and soluble solid content of flat peach and contents of malic acid and citric acid, and better keeps the original solid-acid ratio of flat peach.

2. Patent application CN201510912742.6 discloses a garlic modified atmosphere storage method, which comprises the following process steps: selecting → cleaning → grading → airing → bagging → dormancy storage → critical storage → commodity; wherein the critical storage temperature is above freezing point critical temperature of-4 ℃, and the optimal gas component proportion of the controlled atmosphere storage is as follows: o is₂6.1-6.5% volume fraction, CO₂11.0-11.5% by volume fraction, N₂81% to 82% by volume, about 1% by volume of other gases, and about 68% to 70% relative humidity. The controlled atmosphere storage method of the garlic can effectively prolong the shelf life of the garlic, is superior to a cold storage preservation method, can promote the consumption of the garlic and reduce the waste of the garlic.

3. Patent application CN201410211582.8 discloses a tobacco leaf mildew-proof method combining ozone sterilization and controlled atmosphere storage. The method comprises the steps of introducing mixed gas consisting of ozone and carbon dioxide into a sealed tobacco leaf stack, reducing the oxygen concentration in the sealed tobacco leaf stack to be below 6%, enabling the ozone concentration to reach 10-100 ppm, maintaining the condition for 8-24 hours, and then filling the carbon dioxide to further kill tobacco leaf microorganisms. The tobacco leaf mildew-proof method is a tobacco leaf mildew-proof method which is pollution-free, residue-free, safe and environment-friendly, has the advantages of simple process, good mildew-proof effect and low operation cost, and has better popularization and application values and economic benefits;

4. patent application CN201410149221.5 discloses a modified atmosphere storage method of red-meat kiwi fruit, comprising the following steps: (1) precooling the red-meat kiwi fruit step by step; (2) and (3) performing controlled atmosphere storage on the pre-cooled fruits, wherein the controlled atmosphere storage conditions are as follows: 1-5% of oxygen volume content, 2-5% of carbon dioxide volume content, 2 +/-2 ℃ of temperature and 90-95% of humidity, wherein the air conditioning method is continuous inflation air conditioning or intermittent inflation air conditioning; the method can effectively prolong the storage period of the kiwi fruits to 180 days, has stable and good indexes of the kiwi fruits such as hardness, soluble solid, vitamin C, total phenols and the like, maintains good flavor, taste and color of the kiwi fruits, and is a safe and effective kiwi fruit storage method.

However, the method is used for the air-conditioned cold store in the air-conditioned storage process of agricultural products, and has the advantages of strong air tightness, less ventilation times and large humidity, and easily causes the mass spread of agricultural product spoilage organisms and loss; secondly, most current modified atmosphere storage methods use high concentration CO before the agricultural products are stored₂Treating agricultural products with NO, the agricultural products are not used in the storage period, and the agricultural products are in high concentration CO for a long time₂Physiological diseases can be caused in NO environment; again, during operation, CO is often used₂Ozone gas is introduced into a controlled atmosphere cold storage for sterilization treatment, but high-precision parts of the controlled atmosphere cold storage are often rotten due to the high sealing property of the controlled atmosphere cold storage, and once a temperature sensor and a gas content sensor have problems, the temperature sensor and the gas content sensor in the controlled atmosphere cold storage can cause disorder and great loss. Moreover, most of the air-conditioned storage methods disclosed at present aim at the preservation of single agricultural products, and the agricultural products which can be stored in a limited space have fewer varieties, so that the storage cost is increased.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides an air-conditioned storage method and application of agricultural products for solving the technical problems. The modified atmosphere storage method of the application is based on high concentration CO₂The respiration of agricultural products can be inhibited, the agricultural products are prevented from being infected by plant diseases and insect pests in the production process, and the NO gas can adjust the physiological change characteristics of the agricultural products after being picked, so that the effect of delaying senescence is achieved; according to the sealing characteristic of the air-conditioned cold storage, the agricultural products are pretreated and then high-concentration CO is used₂And NO is used for intermittently treating the agricultural products to prevent the agricultural products from being infected or rotten by diseases and insect pests in a high-closed and high-humidity environment in the storage processAnd 4, the physiological change characteristics of the picked agricultural products are adjusted, and the storage and transportation of the agricultural products and the shelf life are prolonged.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a modified atmosphere storage method of agricultural products comprises the following steps:

(1) subpackaging agricultural products: classifying the picked agricultural products, selecting the agricultural products with uniform size, similar maturity, normal color, freshness and no obvious defect, and putting the agricultural products in the same turnover basket;

(2) pretreatment: under a closed state, pre-cooling treatment is carried out according to the physiological characteristics of the agricultural products subpackaged in the step (1), and meanwhile, sealing fumigation treatment is carried out on the agricultural products;

(3) modified atmosphere storage: sending the agricultural products pretreated in the step (2) into a cleaned and sterilized air-conditioned cold storage, filling high-concentration gas and keeping the gas closed, and using air-conditioned equipment to enable O in the air-conditioned cold storage to be in an O shape₂、CO₂The concentration is adjusted to different agricultural product controlled atmosphere storage conditions, then sealed controlled atmosphere storage is carried out, and high-concentration gas is intermittently filled in the controlled atmosphere storage process, so that the controlled atmosphere storage conditions are restored to different agricultural product controlled atmosphere storage states.

Further, in the step (1), the agricultural products are one or more of blueberries, kiwi fruits, dragon fruits, plums, gastrodia elata, edible and medicinal fungi and poultry eggs.

Further, in the step (2), the fumigation adopts the mass concentration of 1-20 mg/m³The ozone fumigates the agricultural products, wherein the fumigating temperature is 0-12 ℃, and the time is 10-35 min.

Further, in the step (2), the temperature of the pre-cooling treatment is 2-12 ℃, and after the central temperature of the agricultural products reaches 2-12 ℃, the central temperature is kept for 24-48 hours.

Further, in the step (2), ventilation and air dissipation are carried out on the agricultural products for 120-160 s after the sealed fumigation.

Further, in step (3), the modified atmosphere storage conditions are as follows: o is₂0.8-10% of volume content, CO₂Volume content of 0.8-30%, temperatureThe temperature is 0-12 ℃, and the relative humidity of air is 90-95%.

Further, in step (3), the high concentration gas is CO₂And one or two of NO gas are mixed, and CO in the refrigeration storage is filled with high-concentration gas₂The volume fraction of NO is 2-98%; the time for the maintaining treatment is 0.5-12 h.

Further, in the step (3), the intermittent filling of the high-concentration gas is performed by filling the high-concentration gas once every 9-12 days at the beginning of warehousing of the agricultural products, sealing for 0.5-12 h, and then enabling O in the controlled atmosphere refrigeration house to pass through controlled atmosphere equipment according to the physiological characteristics of the agricultural products₂、CO₂The concentration is adjusted to different agricultural product air-conditioned storage conditions.

Further, in step (3), the disinfection is carried out by adopting the mass concentration of 3mg/m³ClO₂Fumigating the cold storage, sealing for 22-25 h, and then ventilating for 2-3 h.

Further, the application of the controlled atmosphere storage method according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in the preservation of agricultural products is characterized in that: can prevent the agricultural products from being infected or rotten by pests and diseases in the storage process due to a high-closed and high-humidity environment, and prolong the storage, transportation and shelf life of the agricultural products.

Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) the controlled atmosphere storage method is based on high concentration CO₂The respiration of agricultural products can be inhibited, the agricultural products are prevented from being infected by plant diseases and insect pests in the production process, and the NO gas can adjust the physiological change characteristics of the agricultural products after being picked, so that the effect of delaying senescence is achieved; according to the sealing characteristic of the air-conditioned cold storage, the agricultural products are pretreated and then high-concentration CO is used₂And the NO is used for intermittently treating the agricultural products, so that the agricultural products are prevented from being infected or rotted by pests and diseases in the storage process due to a high-closed and high-humidity environment, the physiological change characteristic of the picked agricultural products is adjusted, and the storage and transportation of the agricultural products and the service life of a goods shelf are prolonged.

(2) When this application carries out the preliminary treatment to agricultural product, carry out ozone fumigation earlier, exterminate the germ that agricultural product self has, then ventilate and let the germ that the fumigation in-process died away blow away, avoid later stage to store and breed other germs, reduce the pest and disease damage dip-dyeing in the later stage and provide the advantage.

(3) In the controlled atmosphere storage process, the introduced gas is intermittently charged, the controlled atmosphere storage condition is recovered to the initial state, the storage condition is prevented from not meeting the requirement of agricultural products due to the physiological activity of equipment or the agricultural products in the storage, transportation and storage processes, and the economic loss caused by the damage of the storage condition is avoided.

(4) The controlled atmosphere storage method is simple and easy to understand, simple and convenient to operate, easy to popularize and apply, capable of storing different agricultural products in the same space, saving the space of controlled atmosphere storage of the agricultural products, very convenient to transport, store and keep fresh, and capable of reducing the cost of fresh-keeping and storage of the agricultural products.

(5) The method is particularly suitable for the fresh-keeping storage of blueberries, kiwi fruits, pitaya, plums, gastrodia elata, edible and medicinal fungi and poultry eggs.

Detailed Description

The following is a detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and any modifications or substitutions in the basic spirit of the embodiments are included in the scope of the present invention as claimed in the claims.