阅读说明：本技术 一种含Cu-Mn-Mg的耐高温铸造铝合金及其制备方法 (A kind of high temperature resistant cast aluminium alloy gold and preparation method thereof containing Cu-Mn-Mg ) 是由 闫锋 龙庆华 于 2019-09-18 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种含Cu-Mn-Mg的耐高温铸造铝合金,包括以下质量百分含量的组分：Cu 1.0％～10.0％；Mn 0.1％～1.5％；Mg 0.1％～1.5％；X 0.1％～1.5％；杂质元素≤0.15％；其余量为Al；其中X元素为Zr、V、Ti、Co、Cr、Ni中的任意一种或任意两种以上元素的组合。本申请设计了一种含Cu-Mn-Mg的耐高温铸造铝合金的组分,通过Mg元素的加入,细化了晶粒,提高了合金强度,同时还添加了X元素,X元素为Zr、V、Co、Cr、Ni中的任意一种或任意两种以上元素的组合,X元素与Al元素形成高温强化相,不仅可以增加合金的强度,尺寸较大的高温强化相分布于晶界处,可以控制强化相在高温下的长大速度,从而保证铸造铝合金在高温下保持良好的机械性能。(The high temperature resistant cast aluminium alloy gold containing Cu-Mn-Mg that the present invention relates to a kind of, the component including following mass percentage: Cu 1.0%~10.0%；Mn 0.1%~1.5%；Mg 0.1%~1.5%；X 0.1%~1.5%；Impurity element≤0.15%；Its surplus is Al；Wherein X element is the combination of any one or any two or more elements in Zr, V, Ti, Co, Cr, Ni.The application devises a kind of component of high temperature resistant cast aluminium alloy gold containing Cu-Mn-Mg, pass through the addition of Mg element, crystal grain is refined, improve alloy strength, it also added X element simultaneously, X element is the combination of any one or any two or more elements in Zr, V, Co, Cr, Ni, X element forms High-Temperature Strengthening phase with Al element, the intensity of alloy can not only be increased, larger-size High-Temperature Strengthening is mutually distributed in grain boundaries, it can control the coarsening rate of hardening constituent at high temperature, to guarantee that cast aluminium alloy gold keeps good mechanical performance at high temperature.)

1. a kind of high temperature resistant cast aluminium alloy gold containing Cu-Mn-Mg, which is characterized in that the component including following mass percentage:

Wherein X element is the combination of any one or any two or more elements in Zr, V, Ti, Co, Cr, Ni.

2. the high temperature resistant cast aluminium alloy gold according to claim 1 containing Cu-Mn-Mg, which is characterized in that including following quality The component of percentage composition:

Wherein X element is the combination of any one or any two or more elements in Zr, V, Ti, Co, Cr, Ni.

3. the high temperature resistant cast aluminium alloy gold according to claim 1 containing Cu-Mn-Mg, which is characterized in that including following quality The component of percentage composition:

Wherein X element is the combination of any one or any two or more elements in Zr, V, Ti, Co, Cr, Ni.

4. the high temperature resistant cast aluminium alloy gold containing Cu-Mn-Mg according to claim 1 to 3, which is characterized in that institute It states and contains Fe element in impurity element.

5. the high temperature resistant cast aluminium alloy gold according to claim 4 containing Cu-Mn-Mg, which is characterized in that the Fe element Content≤0.1%.

6. a kind of preparation method of the high temperature resistant cast aluminium alloy gold described in claim 1-3 any one containing Cu-Mn-Mg, It is characterized in that, includes the following steps:

S1, Al, Cu, Mn, Mg element are placed at 700 DEG C~760 DEG C and are sufficiently melted, after mixing, skimmed, it is molten to obtain first Body；

S2, Xiang Wendu maintain 700 DEG C~760 DEG C of any one interior being added in Zr, V, Co, Cr, Ni of first melt Or the combination of any two or more elements, it sufficiently melts, is uniformly mixed, obtains the second melt；

S3, to the second melt degasification and the ingredient of second melt is adjusted, obtains third melt；

S4, the third melt is cast, obtains rough-cast aluminium alloy；

S5, rough-cast aluminium alloy is heat-treated, obtains cast aluminium alloy gold.

7. the preparation method of the high temperature resistant cast aluminium alloy gold according to claim 6 containing Cu-Mn-Mg, which is characterized in that step The temperature of fusing described in rapid S1 and step S2 is 750 DEG C.

8. the preparation method of the high temperature resistant cast aluminium alloy gold according to claim 6 containing Cu-Mn-Mg, which is characterized in that step Suddenly process of thermal treatment described in S5 is T4 heat treatment, T5 heat treatment, T6 is heat-treated, T7 is heat-treated, appointing in multistage heat treatment It anticipates one kind.

9. the preparation method of the high temperature resistant cast aluminium alloy gold according to claim 6 containing Cu-Mn-Mg, which is characterized in that step The technique of casting described in rapid S4 is permanent mold casting, low pressure casting, counter-pressure casting, any one in extrusion casint.

Technical field

The present invention relates to cast aluminium alloy gold technical field more particularly to a kind of high temperature resistant cast aluminium alloy golds containing Cu-Mn-Mg And preparation method thereof.

Background technique

Aluminium alloy is currently used lightweight structural material, is especially shown in the high-end manufacture of communications and transportation very big Superiority, this material have superior processing performance and extensive source, can not only provide lightweight construction, and can have Lower CO caused by fuel engines in effect ground₂Equal pernicious gases, therefore have solely on the traffic products such as automobile, train, aircraft Special application advantage.As environmental requirement is higher and higher, the aluminum products of high-end manufacture, such as engine, to operating temperature and work The requirement of pressure is significantly improved, common automotive gasoline engine, and work high temperature resistant degree improves about 50 DEG C.

But the high-temperature behavior of common aluminium alloy is poor, such as Al-Si series alloy, wherein Si element can guarantee casting aluminium Alloy has preferable casting character, but the made of Al-Cu alloy high temperature stability performance containing Si is bad, and softening is easy under hot conditions, When operating temperature is more than 170 DEG C, Al-Si eutectic phase starts to soften, and aluminium alloy castings properties can be deteriorated.Therefore, it opens Cast aluminium alloy gold of the hair without Si element becomes the main of researcher research and development to the high temperature resistance for promoting cast aluminium alloy gold Direction, solution strengthening phase and the second hardening constituent in general cast aluminium alloy gold have the mechanical performance of cast aluminium alloy gold certain Influence, but precipitation phase be only realize needed for mechanical performance key.The component for how designing cast aluminium alloy gold makes to cast It makes and forms precipitation phase in aluminium alloy, increase the mechanical performance of cast aluminium alloy gold, and change the surface features of various hardening constituents, Growing up for hardening constituent is prevented, to make cast aluminium alloy gold that there is characteristic resistant to high temperature.

Summary of the invention

It is an object of the invention to solve the problems, such as current cast aluminium alloy gold high temperature resistant bad mechanical property, one kind is provided The cast aluminium alloy gold with high temperature resistance containing Cu-Mn-Mg.

To achieve the above object, the high temperature resistant cast aluminium alloy gold containing Cu-Mn-Mg that this application provides a kind of, including it is following The component of mass percentage: Cu 1.0%~10.0%；Mn 0.1%~1.5%；Mg 0.1%~1.5%；X 0.1%~ 1.5%；Impurity element≤0.15%；Its surplus is Al；Wherein X element for any one in Zr, V, Ti, Co, Cr, Ni or is appointed It anticipates the combinations of two or more elements.

As the further improvement of the application, the high temperature resistant cast aluminium alloy gold containing Cu-Mn-Mg includes following quality The component of percentage composition: Cu 2.0%~8.0%；Mn 0.1%~0.8%；Mg 0.1%~0.8%；X 0.1%~ 1.0%；Impurity element≤0.15%；Its surplus is Al；Wherein X element for any one in Zr, V, Ti, Co, Cr, Ni or is appointed It anticipates the combinations of two or more elements.

As the further improvement of the application, the high temperature resistant cast aluminium alloy gold containing Cu-Mn-Mg includes following quality The component of percentage composition: Cu 3.0%~6.0%；Mn 0.3%~0.6%；Mg 0.3%~0.7%；X 0.2%~ 0.8%；Impurity element≤0.15%；Its surplus is Al；Wherein X element for any one in Zr, V, Ti, Co, Cr, Ni or is appointed It anticipates the combinations of two or more elements.

As the further improvement of the application, contain Fe element in the impurity element, the content of the Fe element≤ 0.15%.

As the further improvement of the application, content≤0.1% of the Fe element.

To achieve the above object, the preparation side for the high temperature resistant cast aluminium alloy gold containing Cu-Mn-Mg that present invention also provides a kind of Method includes the following steps: S1, Al, Cu, Mn, Mg element is placed in at 700 DEG C~760 DEG C sufficiently fusing, after mixing, takes off Slag obtains the first melt；S2, Xiang Wendu maintain 700 DEG C~760 DEG C interior addition Zr, V, Co, Cr, Ni of first melt In any one or any two or more elements combination, sufficiently melt, be uniformly mixed, obtain the second melt；S3, to described Second melt degasification and the ingredient for adjusting second melt, obtain third melt；S4, the third melt is cast, Obtain rough-cast aluminium alloy；S5, rough-cast aluminium alloy is heat-treated, obtains cast aluminium alloy gold.

As the further improvement of the application, the temperature of fusing described in step S1 and step S2 is 750 DEG C.

As the further improvement of the application, process of thermal treatment described in step S5 is T4 heat treatment, T5 heat treatment, T6 Heat treatment, T7 heat treatment, any one in multistage heat treatment.

As the further improvement of the application, the technique of casting described in step S4 is permanent mold casting, low pressure casting, difference Die casting makes, any one in extrusion casint.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are the application devises a kind of group of high temperature resistant cast aluminium alloy gold containing Cu-Mn-Mg Point, by the addition of Mg element, crystal grain has been refined, has improved alloy strength, while also added X element, X element Zr, V, The combination of any one or any two or more elements in Co, Cr, Ni, X element form High-Temperature Strengthening phase with Al element, not only The intensity of alloy can be increased, larger-size High-Temperature Strengthening is mutually distributed in grain boundaries, can control hardening constituent at high temperature Coarsening rate, to guarantee that cast aluminium alloy gold keeps good mechanical performance at high temperature.

Specific embodiment

To keep the purposes, technical schemes and advantages of the application clearer, below in conjunction with the application specific embodiment pair Technical scheme is clearly and completely described.Obviously, described embodiment is only some embodiments of the present application, Instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the application, those of ordinary skill in the art are not making creative labor Every other embodiment obtained under the premise of dynamic, shall fall in the protection scope of this application.

A kind of high temperature resistant cast aluminium alloy gold containing Cu-Mn-Mg, the component including following mass percentage: Cu 1.0% ~10.0%；Mn 0.1%~1.5%；Mg 0.1%~1.5%；X 0.1%~1.5%；Impurity element≤0.15%；Remaining Amount is Al；Wherein X element is the combination of any one or any two or more elements in the elements such as Zr, V, Ti, Co, Cr, Ni. The component prepares not thermally treated rough-cast aluminium alloy by suitable treatment process, and it is strong to show surrender at room temperature Degree is more than 400MPa, and tensile strength is more than 500MPa and elongation percentage is more than 5% excellent mechanical performance；In 300 DEG C of temperature Under can to provide yield strength be more than 200MPa, tensile strength is more than the excellent machinery that 300MPa and elongation percentage are no more than 10% Performance.It is emphasized that the rough-cast aluminium alloy by subsequent heat treatment process can mechanical performance to material into Row adjustment.

In the application, the high temperature resistant cast aluminium alloy gold containing Cu-Mn-Mg is optimized for including that following quality percentage contains The component of amount: Cu 2.0%~8.0%；Mn 0.1%~0.8%；Mg 0.1%~0.8%；X0.1%~1.0%；Impurity member Element≤0.15%；Its surplus is Al；Wherein X element be in the elements such as Zr, V, Ti, Co, Cr, Ni any one or it is two kinds any The combination of the above element.

In the application, the high temperature resistant cast aluminium alloy gold containing Cu-Mn-Mg is optimized for including that following quality percentage contains The component of amount: Cu 3.0%~6.0%；Mn 0.3%~0.6%；Mg 0.3%~0.7%；X0.2%~0.8%；Impurity member Element≤0.15%；Its surplus is Al；Wherein X element be in the elements such as Zr, V, Ti, Co, Cr, Ni any one or it is two kinds any The combination of the above element.The component prepares not thermally treated rough-cast aluminium alloy by suitable treatment process, in room It is more than 400MPa that yield strength is shown under temperature, and tensile strength is more than 500MPa and elongation percentage is more than 5% excellent mechanicalness Energy；300 DEG C at a temperature of can to provide yield strength be more than 200MPa, tensile strength is more than that 300MPa and elongation percentage are no more than 10% excellent mechanical performance.It is emphasized that the rough-cast aluminium alloy can be right by subsequent heat treatment process The mechanical performance of material is adjusted.

In the application, always with impurity member in the casting process of the high temperature resistant cast aluminium alloy gold containing Cu-Mn-Mg Element, especially Fe element are easily reduced alloy flowability when Fe constituent content is high, damage the quality of casting, therefore should control Fe The content of element contains Fe element in impurity element, and when the content of Fe element in impurity element≤0.1%, cast properties are more It is excellent.

In the application, a kind of preparation method of high temperature resistant cast aluminium alloy gold containing Cu-Mn-Mg is provided, including walk as follows It is rapid: S1, Al, Cu, Mn, Mg element to be placed at 700 DEG C~760 DEG C and sufficiently melted, after mixing, skimmed, it is molten to obtain first Body, when the fusion temperature is preferably 750 DEG C, better effect；S2, Xiang Wendu maintain described the first of 700 DEG C~760 DEG C The combination of any one interior being added in the elements such as Zr, V, Co, Cr, Ni of melt or any two kinds of elements, sufficiently melts, and mixing is It is even, the second melt is obtained, when the fusion temperature is preferably 750 DEG C, better effect；S3, to the second melt degasification simultaneously The ingredient for adjusting second melt, obtains third melt；The ingredient of third melt is detected, if the ingredient of any a certain element Content is not up to pre-provisioning request, then being added into the melt for kept for 700 DEG C~760 DEG C can make component content reach pre-provisioning request Respective element (such as Cu, Mn, Mg, any one or a few in X element), after the completion of fusing, detected again, constantly weight It is added with into respective element-fusing-detection process, carries out the adjustment of third bath composition, finally reach third bath composition Pre-provisioning request；S4, the third melt is cast, obtains rough-cast aluminium alloy, the technique of the casting is metal mold Casting, low pressure casting, any one in counter-pressure casting；S5, rough-cast aluminium alloy is heat-treated, obtains casting aluminium and closes Gold.In this preparation process, the state when elements such as Al, Cu, Mn, Mg, Zr, V, Co, Cr, Ni are added is pure element or master alloy.

In the application, in order to realize mechanical performance described in cast aluminium alloy gold, heat treatment is essential production link, In the step S5 of the preparation method of high temperature resistant cast aluminium alloy gold containing Cu-Mn-Mg in the casting technique of aluminium alloy at common heat Science and engineering skill includes the heat treatment work by solid solution and Stages of Aging such as T4 heat treatment, T5 heat treatment, T6 heat treatment, T7 heat treatment Skill.It can choose in the application any one in T4 heat treatment, T5 heat treatment, T6 heat treatment, T7 heat treatment, multistage heat treatment etc. Kind, multistage heat treatment is that material passes through multiple solid solutions and Stages of Aging, and a variety of different heat treatment process can be prepared and be provided There is a cast aluminium alloy gold resistant to high temperature, and heat treatment process, which can choose, to be proposed for the requirement of the mechanical performance of different casting, Select different heat treatment process that can save production cost for different casting.T6 is that one kind can provide best surrender The heat treatment process of intensity；T4 can be achieved on the heat treatment process of best elongation percentage；T5 is in not many reduction elongation percentage Under the premise of can properly increase the heat treatment process of yield strength.T6 heat treatment is realized in two steps: the first step is solution heat treatment Reason is homogenization first, and the temperature according to the different homogenization of casting technique are different, generally homogenized temperature is 400 DEG C~ 600 DEG C, the time can be a few minutes, be also possible to several hours, and for gravity casting, temperature is 450 DEG C~520 DEG C left sides The right side, time are 6h to 48h；It followed by quenches, is ok with warm water or hot water.Second step is ageing strengthening, the temperature of general control Degree is 150 DEG C~220 DEG C, and aging time is a few hours, and the specific time determines according to the structure and size of casting.

The casting that the application is prepared for the ingredient and preparation process proved according to provided high temperature resistant cast aluminium alloy gold Aluminium alloy has excellent high temperature resistance, provides three groups of embodiments, prepares hair according to the component provided in three groups of embodiments Base casting aluminium is heat-treated after closing, in heat treatment: the temperature range for being dissolved Homogenization Treatments is 480 DEG C~540 DEG C, and solid solution is equal The time interval for homogenizing processing is 5h~for 24 hours；The temperature range range of ageing strengthening be 150 DEG C~220 DEG C, ageing strengthening when Between section be 8h~for 24 hours.The application in order to verify all had by the Casting Aluminum Alloy Based that different disposal technique is prepared it is resistance to The performance of high temperature also processes the cast aluminium alloy gold prepared by different process, obtains meeting ASTM B557M -10 and want The stretching sample size asked.Then room temperature and 300 DEG C of high-temperature behavior tests, gained knot are carried out to sample according to international standard regulation Fruit is as shown in Table 1.In table one, the step of T4 heat treatment process in: the preferable temperature of solution heat treatment is 510 DEG C, solution heat treatment The preferred time of reason is 10h；In the step of T6 heat treatment process: the preferable temperature of solution heat treatment is 510 DEG C, solution heat treatment The preferred time be 10h, ageing strengthening processing preferable temperature be 180 DEG C, ageing strengthening processing the preferred time be for 24 hours.

Table one: the mechanical performance of Casting Aluminum Alloy Based at different temperatures by different process preparation

As seen from table, the best casting of mechanical performance is by the casting of T6 heat treatment preparation, the application under normal temperature state For the best casting of mechanical performance under room temperature carried out 300 DEG C high-temperature behavior test, compare through performance parameter in table it is found that It is more than 400MPa that mechanical performance of the casting under room temperature (i.e. room temperature) by T6 heat treatment, which reaches yield strength, and tensile strength is super It crosses 500MPa and elongation percentage is more than 5%；Mechanical performance of the casting under 300 DEG C of high temperature by T6 heat treatment reaches yield strength More than 200MPa, tensile strength is more than that 300MPa and elongation percentage are no more than 10%.The title of cast aluminium alloy gold sample in the application Be to name by mass percentage, meaning is as follows, such as: Al-6Cu-0.5Mn-0.3Mg-0.3Ni-0.2Zr indicates that casting aluminium closes Mass percentage in gold comprising Cu, Mn, Mg, Ni, Zr is respectively 6.0%, 0.5%, 0.3%, 0.3% and 0.2%, remaining Amount is Al.

In the application, for the high temperature resistant cast aluminium alloy gold containing Cu-Mn-Mg of offer, the component and content of alloying element Alloy property is served very important, the effect of each element is as follows:

Cu element: solubility of the Cu in aluminium alloy is higher, and Cu can be present in the form of solid solution phase in process of setting In solidified structure, Al element and Cu element generally will form Al in the preparation of cast aluminium alloy gold₂Cu hardening constituent, for containing Cu- The high temperature resistant cast aluminium alloy gold of Mn-Mg, Al₂Cu hardening constituent is the main hardening constituent of cast aluminium alloy gold.

Mg element: for the high temperature resistant cast aluminium alloy gold containing Cu-Mn-Mg, the additional amount of Mg element is lower than 1%, Mg element Additive amount it is although less, but Mg element has higher solid solubility in primary aluminium phase, the overwhelming majority Mg member in process of setting Element can be present in primary aluminium phase in the form of being dissolved state, play solution strengthening effect to matrix.Experiments verify that a small amount of Mg member The addition of element has very big help for thinning solidification structure grain size, and comparison does not add Mg alloy, in same metal mold casting Under the conditions of, (93 μm~107 μm) of Mg containing alloy average grain size than not Mg containing alloy average grain size (102 μm~123 μ M) small by 10%~15%.The effect of Mg element can sum up are as follows: one, alloy strength can be improved；Two, refinement crystal grain can be played Effect.

X element: the combination of any one or any two or more elements in the elements such as X element Zr, V, Co, Cr, Ni, Component for the high temperature resistant cast aluminium alloy gold provided by the invention containing Cu-Mn-Mg it is found that X element additional amount very little, still X element can enable aluminum alloy to increase supercooling ingredient when founding, refine crystal grain, reduce subgrain spacing, reduce the gas in alloy Body and it is mingled with, and constituent phases is made to tend to nodularization, can also reduce smelt surface tension, increases mobility, be conducive to casting ingot-forming, it is right Processing performance has a significant impact.Such as Ti, Zr, Y, Ni element be added after, will form in the alloy AlTi, AlZr, AlY, The high temperature resistants phase such as AlNi, this kind of high temperature resistant is mutually the phase formed at first during solidification of metal melt, therefore tiny of part Grain can be used as forming core fulcrum, refines the primary aluminium being subsequently formed mutually and then realizes the crystal grain refinement of tissue.It is larger-size resistance to High-temperature-phase is then distributed in grain boundaries, plays the role of strengthening nail gadolinium to matrix, controls the speed of growth of hardening constituent at high temperature, And then guarantee that good mechanical performance may be implemented in alloy under the high temperature conditions.Due to the addition of X element, alloy graining can be made Structure refinement, after solidification phase finally formed Al₂Cu phase can be preferably uniformly distributed in solidified structure, therefore X element To control Al₂The distribution of Cu phase also has an important influence.Therefore, the effect of X element can sum up are as follows: and one, crystal grain can be refined, And then improve the mobile performance and casting character of alloy casting process；Two, it is uniformly distributed Al₂Cu hardening constituent, makes cast aluminium alloy gold Ingredient is uniform, has stable mechanical performance；Three, high temperature resistant phase is formed in the tissue, and this High-Temperature Strengthening is mutually closed in casting aluminium Play the role of pinning crystal boundary in payment organization, tissue can be strengthened and controls the speed of growth of hardening constituent at high temperature.

Mn element: can improve release property, prevent aluminium alloy in casting process from sending out under the high temperature conditions with iron/steel die Raw reaction, is alternatively arranged as intermetallic compound needed for forming second-phase strength.

In conclusion the application devises a kind of component of high temperature resistant cast aluminium alloy gold containing Cu-Mn-Mg, pass through Mg member The addition of element, has refined crystal grain, has improved alloy strength, while also added X element, in X element Zr, V, Co, Cr, Ni The combination of any one or any two or more elements, X element form High-Temperature Strengthening phase with Al element, can not only increase alloy Intensity, larger-size High-Temperature Strengthening is mutually distributed in grain boundaries, can control the coarsening rate of hardening constituent at high temperature, thus Guarantee that cast aluminium alloy gold keeps good mechanical performance at high temperature.

The application is described only in conjunction with the most practical preferred embodiment being presently considered above, it is to be understood that Above description is not the limitation to the application, and the application is also not limited to the example above, the ordinary skill people of the art The variations, modifications, additions or substitutions that member is made in the essential scope of the application, also should belong to the protection scope of the application.