阅读说明：本技术 用于利用机动车的电驱动装置的电机和机动车的行车制动设备的制动力矩来使机动车在紧急制动时减速的方法以及机动车 (Method for decelerating a motor vehicle during emergency braking by means of an electric machine of an electric drive of the motor vehicle and a braking torque of a service brake system of the motor v) 是由 B·维特 于 2020-03-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种用于使机动车(1)在紧急制动时减速的方法,其中整个紧急制动都通过所述机动车(1)的纵向动力系统(5)来自动被执行,其中为了紧急制动,通过所述机动车(1)的纵向动力系统(5)来自动产生总制动力矩,而且为此通过所述机动车(1)的电驱动装置(3)的电机(4)在如下时间间隔(t0至t32)内产生第一制动力矩,至少作为所述总制动力矩的部分,所述时间间隔开始于自动引入所述紧急制动并且小于所述紧急制动的总时长,在所述时间间隔内,所述总制动力矩还不仅仅能够通过所述纵向动力系统(5)的行车制动设备(6)来被产生。本发明也涉及一种机动车(1)。(The invention relates to a method for decelerating a motor vehicle (1) during emergency braking, wherein the entire emergency braking is automatically carried out by a longitudinal drive train (5) of the motor vehicle (1), wherein for emergency braking a total braking torque is automatically generated by the longitudinal drive train (5) of the motor vehicle (1), and wherein for this purpose a first braking torque is generated by an electric motor (4) of an electric drive (3) of the motor vehicle (1) in a time interval (t 0 to t 32) which starts from the automatic introduction of the emergency braking and is less than the total duration of the emergency braking, at least as part of the total braking torque, wherein the total braking torque can also be generated not only by a service brake system (6) of the longitudinal drive train (5). The invention also relates to a motor vehicle (1).)

1. A method for decelerating a motor vehicle (1) during emergency braking,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the entire emergency brake is automatically carried out by a longitudinal drive train (5) of the motor vehicle (1), wherein for the emergency brake a total brake torque is automatically generated by the longitudinal drive train (5) of the motor vehicle (1), and wherein for this purpose a first brake torque is generated by an electric motor (4) of an electric drive (3) of the motor vehicle (1) in a time interval (t 0 to t 3) which, at least as part of the total brake torque, begins with the automatic introduction of the emergency brake and is less than the total duration of the emergency brake, in which time interval the total brake torque can also be generated not only by a service brake system (6) of the longitudinal drive train (5).

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first and second light sources are selected from the group consisting of,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

in the event of an automatic initiation of the emergency braking by the longitudinal drive system (5), only a first braking torque of the electric machine (4) is generated for applying the total braking torque for a further time interval (t 0 to t 2) starting from the automatic introduction of the emergency braking until a second braking torque of the service brake system (6) which is generated in a measurable manner.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the first braking torque is automatically generated only up to a maximum braking torque limit value (B)_G) In this case, an anti-lock system (7) of the motor vehicle (1) is activated in the event of the braking torque limit value.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the first and second light sources are selected from the group consisting of,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

wherein the first braking torque is established up to a braking torque limit value (B)_G) Is carried out more quickly than a time interval (t 0 to t 2) starting from the automatic introduction of the emergency brake until a second brake torque of the service brake system (6) which is generated measurably.

5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

during a time interval (t 2 to t 3) which is less than the total duration of the emergency braking and in which the first braking torque and the measurable second braking torque are generated simultaneously, the two braking torques are generated such that the sum of the two braking torques is substantially constant.

6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

during a time interval (t 2 to t 3) of the emergency braking in which the first braking torque and the measurable second braking torque are generated simultaneously, the first braking torque is continuously reduced and the second braking torque is continuously increased.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the first and second light sources are selected from the group consisting of,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

reducing the first brake torque such that when the second brake torque is increased to a brake torque limit value (B) in which an anti-lock braking system of the motor vehicle (1) is activated_G) When mentionedThe first braking torque is zero.

8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

wherein only the first braking torque is generated and established until a braking torque limit value (B) is activated in which an anti-lock braking system (7) of the motor vehicle (1)_G) The first time interval (t 0 to t 2) up to this point is smaller than a second time interval (t 2 to t 3) in which the first braking torque and the measurable second braking torque are generated simultaneously.

9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the motor vehicle (1) is operated autonomously at an autonomous level 5.

10. A motor vehicle (1) having a plurality of wheels (2, 3) and having an electric drive (3) for generating electric drive energy for the motor vehicle (1), and having a longitudinal drive system (5) which uses an electric machine (4) of the electric drive (3) of the motor vehicle (1) at least in the event of emergency braking of the motor vehicle (1) and has a service brake device (6) which is independent of the electric machine, and having an electronic processing unit (9) which is designed to carry out the method according to one of the preceding claims in the event of emergency braking of the motor vehicle (1).

Technical Field

One aspect of the invention relates to a method for decelerating a motor vehicle during emergency braking. Another aspect of the invention relates to a motor vehicle.

Background

Service brake systems of modern motor vehicles, such as passenger vehicles, usually have hydraulic brakes on both the front axle and the rear axle of the motor vehicle. These hydraulic brakes are used as service brakes in order to effectively decelerate the motor vehicle during operation, i.e. during driving, and to brake it accordingly. In the case of hydraulic brakes, brake fluid is displaced into the wheel brakes via a brake line. This volume displacement is necessary due to the elasticity of the brake hose, brake pipe, brake lining and brake float (Bremsenfaust). In this case, up to the intervention threshold of the anti-lock system of the motor vehicle, approximately 15 cm are collected in total on all four wheels in the case of a medium-sized vehicle³The intervention threshold is about 80 bar.

In the case of a motor vehicle which is driven by the driver himself and is also braked in this respect and for which the driver actuates a corresponding brake pedal of the motor vehicle, the driver's pedal force acts on the piston in the master brake cylinder together with the force of the brake booster. Brake pressure is generated here and brake fluid is displaced into the wheel brakes by the forward movement of the brake pedal and the piston connected thereto in the master cylinder.

A motor vehicle controlled by a driver is known from EP 1839985B 1. The driver therefore also actuates the brake pedal and thus the service brake system at the motor vehicle. In addition, in this prior art, there is also provided: in addition, the motor vehicle, which may be an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle, may be decelerated by the electric drive. For this purpose, the motor generator referred to there is operated such that it executes the regenerative braking referred to there and generates a corresponding braking force.

Autonomous or autonomous driving vehicles are also known. In the case of these motor vehicles, the brake pressure must be generated completely by the brake system itself and, in connection therewith, brake fluid must be displaced into the wheel brakes. For this purpose, in the case of an anti-skid Control system (ESC-Electronic Stability Control), the electrically driven return pump of the anti-skid Control system is used. In the case of an active vacuum brake booster, the pressure difference between the two booster chambers increases, so that the force on the piston of the master brake cylinder increases and the brake fluid volume is displaced. In the case of an electromechanical brake booster, the force on the master brake cylinder is increased by the electric motor of the electromechanical brake booster via the spindle or the toothed rack and the brake fluid volume is displaced.

In the currently known designs of these systems, these automated processes last longer than when an experienced driver manipulates the brake pedal with his foot very quickly and forcefully. Here, the time period from the first braking request being made until the point in time when the first front wheel has achieved locking braking is evaluated. From this point in time, the anti-lock system for preventing the wheels from locking up is active and the braking cannot be further increased.

This time period is about 200 ms in the case of an electromechanical brake booster, about 400 ms in the case of a six-piston anti-slip control system, and about 600 ms in the case of a two-piston anti-slip control system. The driver driving the vehicle and operating the brake pedal accomplishes this in about 120 ms under optimum conditions. However, in the case of an autonomous vehicle, the driver is not involved in the driver task and the braking process will not be activated manually.

In particular in the case of an autonomously driven motor vehicle with an autonomous level 5, there is no longer a brake pedal at all. In the case of an autonomously driven vehicle, there are problems, in particular, as follows: the active brake pressure build-up of all current brake systems without foot assistance of the driver is slower than in the case of active braking by the driver himself when he actuates the existing brake pedal. In this way, in the event of emergency braking of the motor vehicle, the stopping distance, which defines the distance from the first establishment of a braking request until the stop, is extended by approximately 4 m, for example from 100 km/h.

Disclosure of Invention

The object of the invention is to provide a method in which a braking torque can be built up as quickly as possible on at least one wheel during emergency braking. I.e. emergency braking, especially in the case of autonomously driven vehicles, should be improved.

This object is achieved by a method and a motor vehicle according to the independent claims.

One aspect of the invention relates to a method for decelerating a motor vehicle during emergency braking. The entire emergency braking is automatically performed by the longitudinal drive system of the motor vehicle. The longitudinal drive train has an electric machine of an electric drive of the motor vehicle, which produces a first braking torque during emergency braking. The longitudinal power system also has a service braking device independent of the electric machine. For emergency braking, the total braking torque is automatically established or generated by the longitudinal drive system of the motor vehicle. The total braking torque acts at least on the drive wheels of the motor vehicle. The total braking torque is generated such that the first braking torque is generated by the electric machine of the electric drive of the motor vehicle in a time interval which, at least as part of the total braking torque, begins with the automatic introduction of an emergency brake and is less than the total duration of the emergency brake, and in which time interval the total braking torque can also be generated not only by the service brake system of the longitudinal drive train.

In order to generate the total braking torque, a first braking torque is generated or established by an electric motor of an electric drive of the motor vehicle, and a second measurable braking torque is generated simultaneously with the first braking torque (zeitweise) by a service brake system of the motor vehicle during emergency braking. That is, emergency braking is automatically initiated by the longitudinal drive system of the motor vehicle and a total braking torque is built up. The second braking torque, which is generated in particular by the service braking system of the motor vehicle, is set up or generated independently or automatically by the service braking system. In addition or alternatively thereto, provision may be made for: for emergency braking, a total braking torque is automatically generated or built up by a longitudinal drive train of the motor vehicle, wherein for this purpose only a first braking torque is built up in a time interval starting from the automatic introduction of the emergency brake which is less than the total duration of the emergency brake, said first braking torque being generated by the electric machine.

It should be noted that: with the initiation of emergency braking, the service brake system is also activated or activated, but no second measurable braking torque is yet present or generated, due to the need to displace the brake fluid.

The proposed method enables: the target braking torque or the total braking torque required for the longitudinal drive train is provided as quickly as possible. In this case, the part of the total braking torque in which the service brake system is applied or cannot be applied within a time interval starting from the emergency braking and shorter than the total time of the emergency braking until the motor vehicle comes to a stop is applied as far as possible by the electric machine alone and/or in addition. This occurs in particular in such a time interval until the total braking torque is formed only by the second braking torque.

The proposed method enables: in the case of motor vehicles designed as electric vehicles or hybrid vehicles, the electric machine of the electric drive is used in this particular deceleration situation, i.e. in emergency braking. The motor can change its drive or braking torque very quickly. In this respect, a time of about 2 ms is technically possible. In such a small time interval, the electric machine can change its torque from a value of 0 up to a maximum torque.

In particular, in the case of a motor vehicle which produces the required braking effect without the driver actuating the brake pedal and thus the establishment of the required braking torque, improved emergency braking can be achieved by this measure. This means that: now, even in such situations in which the driver does not actuate the brake pedal or cannot actuate the brake pedal, a very high braking effect can now be achieved as well as possible. In this respect, it is precisely in this situation that then also an emergency braking can be carried out, in which case the deceleration distance or the stopping distance is not lengthened undesirably.

In this way, the braking torque of the electric machine and the braking torque of the service brake device can be generated simultaneously in a specific time period, so that the best possible deceleration can be achieved here and thus in this specific time period. On the other hand, the braking torque can be established immediately by the electric machine in a further time interval already mentioned at the start of emergency braking. In this respect, the above-described technical advantages of the electric motor, which can build up the braking torque very quickly, can already be used before the service brake device can build up its braking torque.

In the case of autonomous driving of the motor vehicle, this can advantageously be provided. In particular, this situation can be very advantageous in the case of a motor vehicle which is operated autonomously at an autonomous Level 5 (Level 5). By definition, a motor vehicle with an autonomy level 5 has no pedals. In this configuration of the motor vehicle, it is therefore in principle no longer possible for the driver to actuate the brake pedal. It is precisely in such a design that the proposed implementation of emergency braking is also particularly advantageous because of the problems described at the outset.

However, it can also be advantageous if the motor vehicle has a brake pedal and there is in principle the possibility for the driver to actuate the brake pedal. Even in such a configuration, provision can advantageously be made for: in the event of emergency braking, the electronic processing unit first checks whether the brake pedal has been actuated by the driver, in particular within a predetermined time interval, and if this is not the case, the above-described situation with regard to emergency braking is carried out. Thus, even in embodiments of a motor vehicle in which the brake pedal is still present in principle, but this is not actuated by the driver within a very short time interval, the above-described automatic acceleration situation can be carried out. For example, such manipulation of the brake pedal cannot be performed if the driver is, for example, inattentive and does not recognize a traffic situation or does not estimate that emergency braking has been required. On the other hand, it can also be advantageous if an experienced driver, although recognizing a particular traffic situation, incorrectly estimates and thus does not actuate the brake pedal or does not actuate the brake pedal until a delay. In particular, this is also advantageous if the motor vehicle has a brake pedal and the driver is detected as not having identified a critical traffic situation requiring emergency braking, for example due to fatigue or having fallen asleep, and therefore is also likely not to actuate the brake pedal. Furthermore, even in the case of a vehicle having an autonomic level 4 or 3, for example, the following may occur: the driver of a vehicle which still has a brake pedal at the time erroneously estimates the situation and assumes that the vehicle itself solves or executes the traffic situation on the basis of its preset level of autonomy and in this respect may forget or erroneously estimate that he has to operate the brake pedal himself as a driver. This is precisely the situation in which part of the task is performed and completed by the vehicle itself, and in which the driver must perform the corresponding operation himself in other cases. In particular, for example, when, in the case of a sudden occurrence, the driver no longer knows what operation he is currently performing himself at hand because of stress or an unexpected occurrence of this situation. In these cases, if the driver does not actually operate the brake pedal within a certain time interval, this can be recognized and the above-described automatic execution of the emergency braking can then be performed by the longitudinal drive system. This is then achieved without contribution from the driver. This means that: the automatic emergency braking is carried out completely without the driver actuating the brake pedal. This is then also independent of the presence or absence of such a brake pedal.

It can generally be provided that: whether a fully automatically performed emergency braking is required is determined by an electronic processing unit of the motor vehicle. I.e. also when emergency braking is required and has to be initiated. For this purpose, environmental information of the surroundings of the motor vehicle and/or information about the motor vehicle itself, for example operating parameters, can be taken into account. The environmental information can be detected and/or otherwise detected and provided to the motor vehicle, for example, using at least one detection unit of the motor vehicle itself. Thus, emergency braking may also be required if this requirement arises as a result of the operating situation of the motor vehicle during movement, for example as a result of a failure of a functional component of the motor vehicle.

In the case of an automatic initiation of emergency braking by the longitudinal drive system, preferably, only the first braking torque of the electric machine is generated for applying the total braking torque in the time interval starting from the automatic introduction of the emergency braking until the second braking torque of the service brake system, which is generated in a measurable manner. In an advantageous embodiment, provision is therefore made for: in the case of an automatic initiation of emergency braking by the longitudinal drive system, only a first braking torque of the electric machine can be generated measurably. This is then in particular the further time period or the further time interval mentioned above. Since, as already explained above, the electric machine can build up a braking torque very quickly, and in particular much faster than the service brake system, then first of all emergency braking is carried out using only the generated braking torque of the electric machine. In this phase, then only the first braking torque of the electric machine represents the total braking torque.

In particular, the first braking torque is automatically generated only up to the braking torque limit value. In the case of this braking torque limit value, the anti-lock system of the motor vehicle is activated. Preferably, the first braking torque is established very quickly, in particular as quickly as possible. In particular, this is achieved within a time interval of less than 3 ms.

Preferably, the first braking torque is set up until the braking torque limit value is reached more quickly than the time interval starting from the automatic introduction of the emergency braking until the second braking torque of the service braking system, which is generated measurably, is reached. In this way, in the time interval in which the first braking torque is established up to the braking torque limit value, emergency braking is carried out only with the first maximum braking torque, or substantially only with the first maximum braking torque, which corresponds to the braking torque limit value. Provision is made in particular for: the increase in the first braking torque caused by the electric motor of the electric drive is ended if the first braking torque reaches the braking torque limit value. This means that: the first braking torque is not increased beyond the braking torque limit value. In particular, the first braking torque is set in such a way that it maintains the established first braking torque at or essentially at the braking torque limit value. This is carried out in particular until a second braking torque of the service brake system is established. In particular, in this respect, the first braking torque is generated in cooperation with the anti-lock system such that the generation of the first braking torque is substantially constant and in particular remains within a braking torque limit value when the first driving wheel reaches a locking limit.

The drive wheels may be front or rear wheels. In the case of all-wheel drive of a motor vehicle, the front and rear wheels may also both be driving wheels.

In an advantageous embodiment, provision is made for: during a time interval of the emergency braking in which the first braking torque and the measurable second braking torque are generated simultaneously, the two braking torques are generated such that the sum remains substantially constant. This means in particular that: the sum of these braking torques is within a value range of +/-20%, in particular +/-15%, in particular +/-10%, around the braking torque limit value. In this way, the motor vehicle can be decelerated as quickly as possible also in the further, in particular second, time interval, which preferably follows the first time interval mentioned above, in which only the first braking torque is present.

In an advantageous embodiment, provision is made for: in a time interval of the emergency braking in which the first braking torque and the measurable second braking torque are simultaneously generated, the first braking torque is reduced, in particular continuously reduced, and the second braking torque is increased, in particular continuously increased. This also means that: as the second braking torque increases, the first braking torque decreases. For this purpose, if the service brake device can thus build up its braking torque, the braking torque of the service brake device is to some extent at the foreground and the first braking torque of the electric machine can be reduced.

It can be provided that: the increase in the measurable second braking torque over the second time interval is linear or can be regarded as linear at least in a first approximation of the course of the characteristic curve. In addition or alternatively thereto, provision may be made for: the drop in the first braking torque in the second time interval is linear, in particular likewise linear, or at least can be regarded as linear as a first approximation of the characteristic curve. In particular, in such a configuration it can be provided that: the characteristic curves of the braking torques in the second time interval are respectively identical, but are generated in opposite directions.

Mention should be made of: however, other profiles of the braking torques in the second time interval can also be provided. This may also depend, in particular, on what environmental conditions, such as temperature, are present in the surroundings of the motor vehicle. These environmental conditions may affect the brake fluid, and in particular, the viscosity of the brake fluid. In this way, different profiles are also obtained under different environmental conditions, in particular when a second braking torque is built up.

Advantageously, the reduction of the first braking torque in the second time interval is effected as a function of the increase of the second braking torque. This means that: the establishment of the second braking torque determines to a certain extent how the first braking torque is to be reduced, in particular when the sum of the two braking torques should reach a specific sum value of the two braking torques.

In an advantageous embodiment, provision is made for: the first braking torque is reduced such that it is 0 when the second braking torque is increased to a braking torque limit value in which an anti-lock braking system of the motor vehicle is activated. In particular, at this point in time, the contribution of the electric machine to decelerating the motor vehicle during emergency braking is then no longer required, and from this point in time the total braking torque is then generated, preferably also only by the second braking torque.

Provision is preferably made for: in this case, only the first braking torque is generated measurably and therefore only the first braking torque contributes to the total braking torque and is established until a braking torque limit value in which an anti-lock braking system of the motor vehicle is activated is smaller than a second time interval in which the first braking torque and the measurable second braking torque are generated simultaneously. In one embodiment, it may be provided that: the first time interval is at most half of the second time interval. However, this is to be construed as exemplary only and not as limiting. Thus, other ratios of these time intervals may also exist.

It can be provided that: the service brake device is a dual piston anti-skid control system. In particular, in such an embodiment, the time period from the brake application until the point in time at which the second brake torque is initially built up is approximately 200 ms. The time period during which the second braking torque is established in the case of the dual-piston anti-skid control system (from the start of the braking request) up to the braking torque limit is approximately 600 ms.

However, it is also possible to provide: the service brake device is a six piston anti-skid control system. In particular, in such an embodiment, the time period from the brake application until the point in time at which the second brake torque is initially built up is approximately 150 ms. The time period during which the second braking torque is established up to the braking torque limit value (from the start of the braking request) in the case of the six-piston anti-slip control system is approximately 400 ms.

However, it is also possible to provide: the service brake device is an electromechanical brake booster. In particular, in such an embodiment, the time period from the brake application until the point in time at which the second brake torque is initially built up is approximately 30 ms. The second braking torque is established in the case of the electromechanical brake booster (from the brake application), until the braking torque limit value is about 150 ms.

Another aspect of the invention relates to a motor vehicle having a plurality of wheels and having an electric drive for generating electric drive energy for the motor vehicle. The motor vehicle also has a longitudinal drive train which generates a braking torque using an electric motor of an electric drive of the motor vehicle at least in the event of emergency braking of the motor vehicle, and which has a service brake system which is independent of the electric motor. The motor vehicle also has an electronic processing unit which is designed to carry out the method according to the above-mentioned aspect or an advantageous embodiment of this aspect. In particular, the method is carried out with the motor vehicle, in particular by means of the electronic processing unit. The electronic processing unit may be a control and/or regulating unit. The electronic processing unit can be a component of the electric drive and/or of a service brake system, which can also be referred to as a service brake system.

The motor vehicle may also have one or more sensors which detect information which can be supplied to the electronic processing unit, in particular for carrying out the method. This can be both environmental information and information about the components of the motor vehicle itself. This can also be information of the longitudinal power system itself, in particular.

The invention enables in particular: in emergency braking, the electric drive of the motor vehicle is used for a short time for assisting the service brake system. In particular, the electric motor of the electric drive builds up a very high braking torque at the start of emergency braking, preferably in a relatively short time. Preferably, a maximum braking torque of the electric machine is to be established in this case. The maximum braking torque corresponds in particular to a braking torque limit value, from which the anti-lock system of the motor vehicle comes into action. In particular, the braking torque of the electric machine is generated as soon as the service brake device builds up its braking torque with a delayed brake pressure and cannot provide it sufficiently, in particular also not up to a braking torque limit value.

For the purposes of the invention, the average of the motor vehicle is, for example, more than 3 m/s²High deceleration is understood to mean emergency braking. Additionally or alternatively, the dynamics in deceleration exceeds 10 m/s³There may be emergency braking. The dynamics, which may also be referred to as the dynamics, correspond to the time derivative of the decelerationTo reduce the speed (Ruck). Such large values of deceleration and dynamics cannot be achieved in normal driving operation.

In particular when the motor vehicle is preferably operated at autonomous level 5 and thereby fully automated, it is also provided for the weight to be reduced: the brake pedal is omitted. If it is desired to decelerate the motor vehicle and thus to brake the motor vehicle, for example, the automatic driving function of the motor vehicle can request acceleration of the motor vehicle from the electronic processing unit, which can also be referred to as a brake control system. Through the automatic driving function, the autonomous driving operation of the motor vehicle can be realized. The electronic processing unit can determine a desired braking torque distribution of all wheel brakes of the service brake system, taking into account the driving dynamics of the motor vehicle and the known torque build-up dynamics of the service brake system and the electric machine. In the case of a brake caliper associated with at least one drive wheel, a brake piston of the wheel brake can act on a brake lining provided for braking the at least one drive wheel. By activating the service brake system, the brake lining can be pressed, for example, against the brake disk in order to apply a second braking torque to the drive wheel. It can be provided that: a brake pressure for applying the second brake torque is built up by a hydraulic return pump of the service brake system. The hydraulic return pump of the service brake system may be part of an anti-skid control system of the motor vehicle. The antiskid control system may have an anti-lock system. The anti-skid control system may also have a drive skid control device and/or a control device for preventing skidding of the vehicle, also known as a driving dynamics control system.

The invention also comprises combinations of features of the described embodiments.

Drawings

Embodiments of the present invention are described below. Therefore, the method comprises the following steps:

fig. 1 shows a schematic view of an embodiment of a motor vehicle according to the invention; and

fig. 2 shows a simplified diagram in which the course of the total braking torque of the motor vehicle over time during emergency braking is shown.

Detailed Description

The examples set forth below are preferred embodiments of the invention. In this exemplary embodiment, the described components of the exemplary embodiments are features of the invention which are to be considered independently of one another, which features also extend independently of one another and can therefore also be considered as components of the invention, alone or in other combinations than those shown. Furthermore, the described embodiments can also be supplemented by other of the already described features of the invention.

In fig. 1, a motor vehicle 1 is shown in a simplified diagram. The motor vehicle 1 is a passenger car. The motor vehicle 1 has two front wheels, of which the right front wheel 2a can be seen in the side view shown. The motor vehicle 1 also has two rear wheels, of which the right rear wheel 2b is shown in the illustration in fig. 1.

The automobile 1 is a hybrid vehicle or an electric vehicle. For this purpose, the motor vehicle has an electric drive 3. The electric drive 3 has an electric motor 4. The electrical energy is converted bidirectionally into mechanical energy by means of the electric drive 3, by means of which the motor vehicle 1 can be driven and braked.

The motor vehicle 1 also has a longitudinal drive train (L ä ngsdynamiksystem) 5. The longitudinal drive train 5 has a service brake device 6 which is independent of the electric machine 4. The service brake device 6 may be a hydraulic brake, which may also be referred to as a service brake system. The anti-skid control system 7 may belong to the service brake device 6. Furthermore, the motor vehicle 1 may additionally have a driving dynamics control system 8.

The motor vehicle 1 has in particular an electronic processing unit 9. The electronic processing unit 9 may be a control and/or regulating unit.

The motor vehicle 1 can be configured, in particular, by the electronic processing unit 9: the method explained below for decelerating the motor vehicle 1 during emergency braking is carried out. In particular to carry out the method.

For this purpose, fig. 2 shows a diagram in which the braking torque B is shown as a function of time t. In this method, emergency braking is automatically initiated by the longitudinal drive train 5 of the motor vehicle 1. This means in particular that: the emergency braking is carried out completely without actuating the brake pedal. This may be the case if the motor vehicle 1 is a fully autonomous driving vehicle with an autonomous level 5. In such a configuration, the motor vehicle 1 then basically no longer has a brake pedal. However, this can also be the case if the motor vehicle 1 has a brake pedal which is not actuated by the driver for certain reasons during emergency braking. In particular, it is precisely in this case that the electronic processing unit 9 can also be configured to detect and process such situations.

In the case of such a fully automatic emergency braking, the total braking torque is automatically generated by the longitudinal drive train 5 of the motor vehicle 1. In the event of an emergency brake, a first brake torque is generated by the electric machine 4, which can be regarded as a component of the longitudinal drive train 5 in the case of this deceleration. For this purpose, fig. 2 shows: at time t0, an independent emergency braking, automatic or performed by the system, is initiated. At this time t0, the first braking torque is then built up very quickly until the braking torque limit B is reached_GUntil now. In the example shown, the first braking torque reaches the braking torque limit B at time t1_G. This is especially the case after about 2 ms. The service brake system 6 is also operated from time t 0. However, since the brake fluid needs to be displaced, a second measurable braking torque has not yet been established by the service brake system 6 until time t 2. Thus, up to time t2, the total braking torque is composed of only the first braking torque.

Limit value of braking torque B_GIs a braking torque at which the wheel, in particular the front wheel 2 in the case of front-wheel drive or all-wheel drive, would just lock up, that is to say the anti-lock system 7 would be used or would be used from this point in time.

In the diagram according to fig. 2, the course of the first braking torque generated by the electric machine 4 during the emergency braking is shown by the characteristic curve I.

From time t1 until time t2, as already explained above, the total braking torque of the longitudinal drive train 5 is generated during this emergency braking exclusively by the first braking torque of the electric machine 4. Then, at time t2, a second measurable braking torque begins to be built up, which is built up by the service brake system 6. The characteristic curve II of the second braking torque is illustrated by a dashed curve. In this connection it should already be mentioned that: both characteristic curve profile I and characteristic curve profile II are examples. Of particular importance are: at the beginning of the emergency braking, the first braking torque is provided only almost immediately and immediately by the electric machine 4, and in the further time development of the emergency braking the first braking torque and the measurable second braking torque are generated simultaneously in a subsequent time phase, which in the example in fig. 2 is between time points t2 and t 3.

If the service brake device 6 is a two-piston anti-skid control system, the time t2, which has elapsed since the start of emergency braking at time t0, is reached at approximately 200 ms. Alternatively, if the service brake device 6 is a six-piston anti-skid control system, the time t2 is reached at approximately 150 ms. Alternatively, if the service brake system 6 is an electromechanical brake booster, the time t2 is reached at approximately 30 ms.

From this time t2, this measurable buildup of the second braking torque begins. As shown in the diagram in fig. 2, this measurable buildup of the second braking torque is increased in an exemplary manner, in particular continuously until it has advantageously reached the braking torque limit value B at time t3_GUntil now. In the example shown in fig. 2, provision is made for: from time t2, the first braking torque decreases. This continues, in particular, until time t 3. At time t3, the first braking torque is 0. It can be provided that: the two characteristic curves I and II are formed in the time interval between t2 and t3 in such a way that the two braking torques preferably result in an almost constant sum value.

In particular, the sum value is generated over the entire time interval between t2 and t 3. In particular, characteristic curve II may differ in the time interval between t2 and t 3. The course of the characteristic curve may also depend on environmental conditions which may be taken into account.

In particular, provision is made for: in time interval t2 to t3, the first braking torque is reduced as a function of the increase in the second braking torque based on the second characteristic curve profile II. In particular, the correlation is implemented such that the sum of the two braking torques forms the above-mentioned sum value, in particular the above-mentioned sum value over the entire time interval between t2 and t 3.

In the illustration according to the diagram in fig. 2, it is provided that: from time t3, the total braking torque is only formed by the second braking torque. This is also represented by the corresponding characteristic curve II. In particular, the second braking torque from time t3 is preferably determined from the braking torque limit value B_GThis is maintained until the vehicle 1 is stopped. In particular, the second braking torque can also be held at the braking torque limit value B in this time interval from t3_GAnd a value in the interval between values corresponding to the lowest 5 percent of the value.

If the service brake device 6 is a dual-piston anti-skid control system, the time t3 is reached after approximately 600 ms. If the service brake device 6 is a six-piston anti-skid control system, the time t3 is reached after approximately 400 ms. If the service brake system is an electromechanical brake booster, time t3 is reached after approximately 200 ms.

List of reference numerals

1 Motor vehicle

2a right front wheel

2b right rear wheel

3 electric drive

4 electric machine

5 longitudinal power system

6 service brake equipment

7 antiskid control system

8-driving dynamic control system

9 electronic processing unit

Characteristic curve I

B braking moment

B_GLimit value of braking torque

time t

t0 time point

t1 time point

t2 time point

t3 time point.