阅读说明：本技术 一种微波催化剂及制备方法和应用 (Microwave catalyst, preparation method and application ) 是由 卜权 蔡进 汪梅 毛罕平 于 2021-06-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于有机固废微波催化转化领域,具体涉及一种微波催化剂及制备方法和应用。本发明首先设计一类MXene多孔泡沫结构材料,通过微观结构和相组成调控MXene多孔泡沫的微波吸收性能,通过高吸波性MXene多孔泡沫强化吸波传热效率,以调控有机固废解聚过程中活泼中间体的重聚,从而提高有机固废解聚的转化速率,利用MXene材料中丰富的金属缺陷空位和官能团特征,引入过渡金属或贵金属纳米颗粒制备成具有高活性和高稳定性的原子簇限域MXene多孔泡沫催化剂,实现微波辅助解聚过程中催化剂的“吸波传热速率”和“催化高效转化”协同作用调控,该发明制备的催化剂将为有机固废高效转化利用提供一条新途径。(The invention belongs to the field of organic solid waste microwave catalytic conversion, and particularly relates to a microwave catalyst, and a preparation method and application thereof. The invention firstly designs an MXene porous foam structure material, regulates and controls the microwave absorption performance of MXene porous foam through microstructure and phase composition, enhances the wave absorption and heat transfer efficiency through high wave absorption MXene porous foam, regulates and controls the reunion of an active intermediate in the depolymerization process of organic solid wastes so as to improve the conversion rate of the depolymerization of the organic solid wastes, introduces transition metal or noble metal nano-particles to prepare an atomic cluster confinement MXene porous foam catalyst with high activity and high stability by utilizing the characteristics of abundant metal defect vacancies and functional groups in the MXene material, realizes the regulation and control of the synergistic action of the wave absorption and heat transfer rate and the catalytic high-efficiency conversion of the catalyst in the microwave-assisted depolymerization process, and provides a new way for the high-efficiency conversion and utilization of the organic solid wastes.)

1. The preparation method of the microwave catalyst is characterized by comprising the following specific steps of:

step (1): firstly adding lithium fluoride powder into concentrated hydrochloric acid solution, and then adding Ti₃AlC₂(MAX) powder is slowly added into the solution to prepare an etching agent, and the collected mixture is centrifuged and washed by deionized water until the pH value reaches 6 to obtain a mixed solution A;

step (2): mixing the mixed solution A with deionized water, performing ultrasonic treatment and centrifugation in an ice bath, and collecting a dropped Mxene solution B for later use;

and (3): the obtained titanium-containing alloy₃C₂T_XMixing the Mxene solution B with Polystyrene Spheres (PS) or mesoporous ZSM-5/PS, violently stirring and centrifuging to obtain a black precipitate C, and preparing an Mxene/PS composite sphere or an Mxene/mesoporous ZSM-5/PS composite sphere;

and (4): adding the black precipitate C into a solution containing a structure directing agent P123 to prepare a dispersion liquid containing self-assembled Mxene/PS composite spheres or Mxene/mesoporous ZSM-5/PS composite spheres, pouring the dispersion liquid into a mould, freezing by using liquid nitrogen, and drying in a vacuum freeze dryer; finally, 3D independent type Mxene/PS spherical foam or Mxene/mesoporous ZSM-5/PS spherical foam is obtained; and (5): mixing a polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) solution and a transition metal salt solution or a noble metal salt solution containing methanol in a wide-mouth bottle, stirring and refluxing, precipitating transition metal or noble metal nanoparticles by acetone, and centrifugally collecting to obtain a solution D;

and (6): adding the 3D independent Mxene/PS spherical foam or Mxene/mesoporous ZSM-5/PS spherical foam into the solution D containing the nano particles, and stirring to obtain Mxene/PS foam packaged by the transition metal or the noble metal nano particles or Mxene/mesoporous ZSM-5/PS foam packaged by the transition metal or the noble metal nano particles; finally, the PS spheres are removed by high temperature calcination to obtain the encapsulated transition metal or noble metal nanoparticle encapsulated Mxene porous foam catalyst.

2. The method for preparing a microwave catalyst according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the concentration of the concentrated hydrochloric acid is 6-10 mol per liter; lithium fluoride powder, Ti₃AlC₂(MAX) powder to concentrated HCl ratio 1.98 g: 2 g: 30ml, the reaction temperature is 35 ℃; the reaction time was 12 h.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the weight ratio of the mixed solution A to the deionized water is 1: 20; the ultrasonic time is 1 h; centrifuging for 5min at 3500-5000 rpm.

4. The method for preparing a microwave catalyst according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the mass ratio of the Polystyrene Spheres (PS) or the mesoporous ZSM-5/PS to the solution B is 10: 7; the stirring time is 2 h; centrifuging for 20min at 3000 rpm; the mesoporous ZSM-5/PS is prepared as follows: mixing ZSM-5 with NaOH, stirring, washing, drying, and mixing with NH₄Performing ion exchange on Cl, filtering, drying, and mixing with PS balls to obtain the final product; wherein ZSM-5, NaOH and NH₄The ratio of Cl to PS spheres is 10g:50ml:50ml:10 g; wherein the concentration of NaOH is 0.2 mol per liter, NH₄The Cl concentration was 0.2 mol per liter.

5. The method for preparing a microwave catalyst according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the mass ratio of the black precipitate C to the structure directing agent P123 is 2: 1, the size of the die is 22.86mm multiplied by 10.16 mm; the pressure of the vacuum freeze dryer is 0.1Pa, and the time is 48 h.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the volume ratio of the polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) solution to the methanol-containing solution of the transition metal or noble metal salt is 1: 1; the concentration of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) solution is 2 mol per liter, the concentration of transition metal or noble metal salt solution containing methanol is 1 mol per liter, the reflux temperature is 80 ℃, and the time is 3 h.

7. The method for preparing a microwave catalyst according to claim 1, wherein in the step (6), the mass ratio of the 3D independent Mxene/PS spherical foam or Mxene/mesoporous ZSM-5/PS spherical foam to the nanoparticles is 1: 1; the stirring time is 8 h; the high-temperature calcination atmosphere is argon or nitrogen, the time is 2-3h, and the temperature is 500 ℃.

8. Use of the microwave catalyst prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the microwave catalyst is used as a catalyst to solve the problems of conversion rate and directional selectivity of reactants in the microwave catalytic conversion of organic solid wastes.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of organic solid waste microwave catalytic conversion, and particularly relates to a microwave catalyst, and a preparation method and application thereof.

Background

At present, only about 5% of organic solid wastes are reported to be utilized as high-value-added bio-based materials and chemicals, and most of the organic solid wastes are directly burnt or discharged as cheap fuels, so that great resource waste and environmental pollution are caused.

The organic solid waste refers to degradable urban and rural solid waste with high organic matter content, and is mainly divided into two categories: 1) the urban organic solid waste mainly comprises urban kitchen waste and kitchen waste treatment industry, and 2) the agriculture and forestry organic solid waste mainly comprises straw, forest wood residues, livestock and poultry manure and livestock and poultry treatment industry dead of diseases. In the traditional high-valued utilization process, because organic solid waste components are complex, a high-efficiency catalyst must be introduced for oriented depolymerization, and the traditional catalyst has the defects of single component, complex preparation, uncontrollable property and the like, and is easy to inactivate and low in utilization rate in the pyrolysis process. Therefore, in order to improve the activity and catalytic efficiency of the catalyst, the active component of the nano metal particles is usually introduced, but under the reaction conditions of high temperature, high pressure and the like, the agglomeration phenomenon of the metal oxide particles inevitably occurs, so that the catalyst is easy to deactivate, and the service life is generally not high.

A key challenge in the utilization of organic solid waste to produce high value-added products is the development of mild conversion technologies with high conversion efficiency and high selectivity. Microwave heating is also called dielectric heating, and refers to a heating mode in which electromagnetic induction substances in a microwave electromagnetic composite field absorb microwave energy and convert the microwave energy into heat energy. Compared with the conventional heating technology, the microwave-assisted heating technology can change the reaction process and reduce the reaction activation energy through a special non-thermal effect, thereby promoting the chemical reaction of raw materials and reducing the energy consumption, so the microwave-assisted depolymerization technology has attracted particular attention in the high-efficiency conversion of organic solid wastes. In the microwave heating process, the heating state of the substance directly depends on the dielectric property of the substance, and the microwave absorption property of the material has important influence on the regulation and control of the microwave-assisted depolymerization of the organic solid wastes. The microwave-assisted pyrolysis technology can regulate and control the distribution of absorbed microwave energy through a microwave absorbent, and enhance the wave-absorbing and heat-transferring efficiency of reaction molecules of the microwave absorbent and a depolymerization intermediate, thereby improving the conversion efficiency of reactants. However, the method still has the problems of low heat utilization efficiency, high cost and the like in the pyrolysis process, and is difficult to meet the requirements of practical application. Therefore, it is necessary to provide an effective solution to the above problems.

The two-dimensional transition metal carbide (MXene) has a perfect layered structure, ultrahigh conductivity and an easily-regulated active surface, so that the dielectric loss of the MXene is relatively large, the MXene is a microwave absorbing material with excellent performance, and the MXene is widely concerned in the application fields of electrochemical energy storage, electromagnetic shielding and the like; meanwhile, MXene has the advantages of highly adjustable metal components and surface functional groups, large specific surface area, good hydrophilicity and reducibility, so that MXene has great potential in the aspect of realizing high-efficiency catalysis (especially an atomic cluster catalytic material), and exhibits excellent catalytic performance in the fields of heterogeneous catalysis, electrocatalysis and the like. However, no report is found on the research of MXene-based materials in the field of microwave-assisted conversion of organic solid wastes.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical defects, the invention firstly designs an MXene porous foam structure material, regulates the microwave absorption performance of MXene porous foam through microstructure and phase composition, enhances the wave absorption and heat transfer efficiency through high-wave absorption MXene porous foam, regulates the re-polymerization of an active intermediate in the depolymerization process of organic solid wastes so as to improve the conversion rate of the depolymerization of the organic solid wastes, introduces transition metal or precious metal nanoparticles by utilizing the characteristics of metal defect vacancies and functional groups abundant in the MXene material to prepare an atomic cluster confinement MXene porous foam catalyst with high activity and high stability, realizes the regulation and control of the synergistic action of wave absorption and heat transfer rate and catalytic high-efficiency conversion of the catalyst in the microwave-assisted depolymerization process, and provides a new way for the high-efficiency conversion and utilization of the organic solid wastes.

A preparation method of a microwave catalyst comprises the following steps:

step (1): generally, lithium fluoride powder is added to a concentrated hydrochloric acid solution, and then Ti is added₃AlC₂(MAX) powder was slowly added to the above solution to prepareAnd (4) using an etchant, centrifuging the collected mixture by using deionized water, and washing until the pH value reaches 6 to obtain a mixed solution A.

Step (2): and mixing the mixed solution A with deionized water, performing ultrasonic treatment and centrifugation in an ice bath, and collecting a separated Mxene solution B for later use.

And (3): the obtained titanium-containing alloy₃C₂T_XThe Mxene solution B is mixed with Polystyrene Spheres (PS) or mesoporous ZSM-5/PS, and is vigorously stirred and centrifuged to obtain a black precipitate C, so that the Mxene/PS composite sphere or the Mxene/mesoporous ZSM-5/PS composite sphere is prepared. Wherein the mesoporous ZSM-5/PS is prepared as follows: mixing ZSM-5 with NaOH, stirring, washing, drying, and mixing with NH₄Performing ion exchange on Cl, filtering, drying, and mixing with PS balls to obtain the final product; wherein ZSM-5, NaOH and NH₄The ratio of Cl to PS spheres is 10g:50ml:50ml:10 g; wherein the concentration of NaOH is 0.2 mol per liter, NH₄The Cl concentration was 0.2 mol per liter.

And (4): and then adding the black precipitate C into a solution containing a structure directing agent P123 to prepare a dispersion liquid containing self-assembled Mxene/PS composite spheres or Mxene/mesoporous ZSM-5/PS composite spheres. The dispersion was poured into a mold and frozen with liquid nitrogen and dried in a vacuum freeze dryer. Finally, 3D free-standing Mxene/PS spherical foam or Mxene/mesoporous ZSM-5/PS spherical foam is obtained.

And (5): mixing polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) solution and transition metal salt solution or noble metal salt solution containing methanol in a wide-mouth bottle, stirring, and refluxing. The transition metal or noble metal nanoparticles were precipitated by acetone and collected by centrifugation to give solution D.

And (6): adding the 3D independent Mxene/PS spherical foam or Mxene/mesoporous ZSM-5/PS spherical foam into the solution D containing the nano particles, and stirring to obtain Mxene/PS foam packaged by the transition metal or the noble metal nano particles or Mxene/mesoporous ZSM-5/PS foam packaged by the transition metal or the noble metal nano particles; finally, the PS spheres are removed by high temperature calcination to obtain the encapsulated transition metal or noble metal nanoparticle encapsulated Mxene porous foam catalyst.

In the step (1), the concentration of concentrated hydrochloric acid is 6-10 mol per liter; lithium fluoride powder, Ti₃AlC₂(MAX) powder to concentrated HCl ratio 1.98 g: 2 g: 30ml, the reaction temperature is 35 ℃; the reaction time was 12 h.

In the step (2), the weight ratio of the mixed solution A to the deionized water is 1: 20; the ultrasonic time is 1 h; centrifuging for 5min at 3500-5000 rpm.

In the step (3), the mass ratio of the Polystyrene Spheres (PS) or the mesoporous ZSM-5/PS to the solution B is 10: 7; the stirring time is 2 h; centrifuge for 20min at 3000 rpm.

In the step (4), the mass ratio of the black precipitate C to the structure directing agent P123 is 2: 1, the size of the die is 22.86mm multiplied by 10.16 mm; the pressure of the vacuum freeze dryer is 0.1Pa, and the time is 48 h.

In the step (5), the volume ratio of the polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) solution to the transition metal or noble metal salt solution containing methanol is 1: 1; the concentration of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) solution is 2 mol per liter, the concentration of transition metal or noble metal salt solution containing methanol is 1 mol per liter, the reflux temperature is 80 ℃, and the time is 3 h.

In the step (6), the mass ratio of the 3D independent Mxene/PS spherical foam or Mxene/mesoporous ZSM-5/PS spherical foam to the nano particles is 1: 1; the stirring time is 8 h; the high-temperature calcination atmosphere is argon or nitrogen, the time is 2-3h, and the temperature is 500 ℃.

The application of the Mxene porous foam catalyst encapsulated by the metal nano particles is characterized in that the Mxene porous foam catalyst is used as a catalyst to solve the problems of conversion rate and directional selectivity of reactants in organic solid waste microwave catalytic conversion, and the invention provides a new way for high-value utilization of organic solid waste.

Has the advantages that:

1. the MXene porous foam catalyst with high wave absorption is prepared by utilizing the unique microwave absorption performance and catalytic performance characteristics of the MXene material and regulating and controlling the microstructure and phase composition.

2. By utilizing the abundant functional groups and metal defect characteristics in the MXene material, the MXene porous foam structure is used as a single-atom catalyst carrier, so that the metal defect vacancy of Mxene (such as Ti3C2Tx) is limited by transition metal or noble metal, and the catalytic activity and stability of the MXene porous foam structure are improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the preparation of a microwave catalyst.

FIG. 2 is a microwave-assisted fast pyrolysis-two-stage catalytic depolymerization test platform.

FIG. 2 depicts in notation:

1-a transmission device; 2-a spiral stirring device; 3-nitrogen gas cylinder; 4-a microwave emitter; 5-a heat preservation device; 6-material preparation; 7-infrared temperature measurement; 8-M₁(transition metal) @ MXene porous foam; 9-measuring the temperature by a thermocouple; 10-M₁(noble metals) @ MXene porous foam; 11-measuring the temperature by a thermocouple; 12-non-condensable volatiles; 13-U type condenser tube

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a microwave catalytic liquefaction reactor.

FIG. 3 depicts in notation:

1-nitrogen gas cylinder; 2-an air control valve; 3-microwave reaction device; 4-a computer; 5-a pressure sensor; 6-a microwave generating device; 7-a reaction kettle; 8-display screen and operation keyboard; 9-remote sensing infrared sensor; 10-optical fiber probe

Detailed Description

Example 1

1.98g of lithium fluoride powder are initially added to 30ml of 6m/l concentrated hydrochloric acid solution, and 2g of Ti are then added₃AlC₂(MAX) powder was slowly added to the above solution to prepare an etchant, and the collected mixture was centrifuged and washed with deionized water until pH reached 6 to obtain a mixed solution A. Mixing 1g of the mixed solution A with 20g of deionized water in an ice bath, performing ultrasonic treatment for 1h, and centrifuging for 5min at the rotation speed of 4000 rpm. The exfoliated Mxene solution B will be collected for use. 7g of the obtained solution containing Ti₃C₂The Mxene solution B of TX was mixed directly with 10g of Polystyrene Spheres (PS) and stirred vigorously for 2h, centrifuged for 20min at 3000 rpm. A black precipitate C is obtained, and the Mxene/PS composite sphere is prepared. Then 5g of black precipitate C was added to 2.5g of the solution containing structure directing agent P123 to prepare a dispersion containing self-assembled Mxene/PS composite spheres. Pouring the dispersion into a mold, freezing with liquid nitrogen, and drying in a vacuum freeze dryer. In the end of this process,a 3D free-standing Mxene/PS spherical foam will be obtained. 10ml of 2m/l polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and 10ml of 1m/l Fe salt solution containing methanol were mixed in a wide-mouth bottle, stirred and refluxed. The Fe nanoparticles will be precipitated by acetone and collected by centrifugation to give solution D. Adding the 3D independent Mxene/PS spherical foam into the solution D containing the nano particles, and stirring for 8 hours to obtain the Fe nano particle encapsulated Mxene/PS foam; finally, the PS spheres were removed by high temperature calcination to obtain the encapsulated Fe nanoparticle encapsulated Mxene porous foam catalyst. The catalyst preparation scheme is shown in figure 1.

Example 2

1.98g of lithium fluoride powder was added to 30ml of 6m/l concentrated hydrochloric acid solution, and then 2g of Ti was added₃AlC₂(MAX) powder was slowly added to the above solution to prepare an etchant, and the collected mixture was centrifuged and washed with deionized water until pH reached 6 to obtain a mixed solution A. Mixing 1g of the mixed solution A and 20g of deionized water in an ice bath, performing ultrasonic treatment for 1h, and centrifuging for 5min at the rotation speed of 4000 rpm. The exfoliated Mxene solution B will be collected for use. 7g of the obtained solution containing Ti₃C₂T_XThe Mxene solution B is directly mixed with 10g of mesoporous ZSM-5/PS, and is vigorously stirred and centrifuged to obtain a black precipitate C, so that the Mxene/mesoporous ZSM-5/PS composite sphere is prepared. Wherein the mesoporous ZSM-5/PS is prepared as follows: 10g of ZSM-5 is mixed with 50ml of 0.2m/l NaOH and stirred, washed and dried, and then ion exchange is carried out with 50ml of 0.2m/lNH4Cl, filtration and drying are carried out, and then the mixture is mixed with 10gPS balls. Then 5g of black precipitate C was added to 2.5g of a solution containing a structure directing agent P123 to prepare a dispersion containing self-assembled Mxene/mesoporous ZSM-5/PS composite spheres. The dispersion was poured into a mold and frozen with liquid nitrogen and dried in a vacuum freeze dryer. Finally, 3D free-standing Mxene/mesoporous ZSM-5/PS spherical foam is obtained. 10ml of 2m/l polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and 10ml of 1m/l Pt salt solution containing methanol were mixed in a wide-mouth bottle, stirred and refluxed. The Pt nanoparticles will be precipitated by acetone and collected by centrifugation to give solution D. Adding the 3D independent Mxene/mesoporous ZSM-5/PS spherical foam into a solution D containing the nano particles, and stirring to obtain a Pt nano particle encapsulated Mxene/mesoporous ZSM-5/PS foam; finally, the process is carried out in a batch,high temperature calcination removed the PS spheres to obtain an encapsulated Pt nanoparticle encapsulated Mxene porous foam catalyst. The catalyst preparation scheme is shown in figure 1.

In a self-assembled microwave-assisted pyrolysis-two-stage catalytic depolymerization reaction device (as shown in FIG. 2), 50g of wood fiber organic solid waste (rice straw) raw material and 30% (15g) of silicon carbide are taken as wave absorbing agents, the microwave pyrolysis reaction temperature is 400-30 ℃, the microwave input power is 700-1000W, the reaction time is 20-30min, and the stirring speed is 500-1000 r/min. Before the reaction starts, a nitrogen valve is opened, nitrogen is introduced into the reaction system for 15min to create an oxygen-free environment for the reaction, and the nitrogen flow rate is 0.05L/min. Pyrolysis steam generated by the microwave-assisted pyrolysis reactor passes through a first-stage catalytic device filled with a microwave catalyst (Fe @ Mxene), the dosage of the microwave catalyst is 10-20% of that of the wood fiber biomass raw material, the pyrolysis steam passing through the first-stage catalytic conversion device further passes through a second-stage catalytic conversion device filled with a microwave catalyst (Pt @ Mxene), the dosage of the catalyst is 5% -10% of the lignocellulosic biomass raw material, the reaction temperatures of the first-stage catalytic conversion device and the low second-stage catalytic conversion device are respectively 550 ℃ and 650 ℃, the pyrolysis steam after catalytic conversion is separated through a condensation system, high-yield and high-selectivity high value-added liquid products (such as monophenol and hydrocarbons) and gas products (biosynthetic gas) are obtained, the yield of the liquid-phase products is 30-50% of the raw material, and the yield of the gas-phase products is 30-55% of the raw material.

In a self-assembled microwave-assisted pyrolysis in-situ catalytic depolymerization reaction device, 50g of non-wood fiber organic solid waste raw material (waste plastic) and 5-15% of microwave catalyst (Fe @ Mxene) by mass are directly mixed with the raw material, the microwave pyrolysis reaction temperature is 400-. Before the reaction starts, a nitrogen valve is opened, nitrogen is introduced into the reaction system for 15min, an oxygen-free environment is created for the reaction, and the nitrogen flow rate is 0.05L/min. The pyrolysis steam after catalytic pyrolysis conversion is directly separated by a condensing system to obtain high-yield and high-selectivity high-value-added liquid products (such as hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons) and gas products (biosynthetic gas), wherein the yield of the liquid-phase products is 30-50% of the raw material, and the yield of the gas-phase products is 30-55% of the raw material.

Embodiment 3

In a self-assembled microwave-assisted pyrolysis ex-situ catalytic depolymerization reaction device, 50g of non-wood fiber organic solid waste raw material (waste tire) and 30 percent (15g) of silicon carbide are taken as a wave absorbing agent, the temperature of the microwave pyrolysis reaction is 400-1000 ℃, the microwave input power is 700-1000W, the reaction time is 20-30min, and the stirring speed is 500-1000 r/min. Before the reaction starts, a nitrogen valve is opened, nitrogen is introduced into the reaction system for 15min, an oxygen-free environment is created for the reaction, and the nitrogen flow rate is 0.05L/min. Pyrolysis steam generated by a microwave-assisted pyrolysis reactor passes through an ex-situ catalytic conversion device filled with a microwave catalyst (Fe @ Mxene), the dosage of the microwave catalyst is 5% -20% of that of a non-wood fiber organic solid waste raw material, the reaction temperature of the catalytic conversion device is 650 ℃, the pyrolysis steam subjected to catalytic pyrolysis conversion is separated through a condensation system, high-yield and high-selectivity high-added-value liquid products (such as hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons) and gas products (biosynthetic gas) are obtained, the yield of the liquid-phase products is 30-50% of that of the raw material, and the yield of the gas-phase products is 30-55% of that of the raw material.

Example 4

5g of organic solid waste raw material (corncob) and 100mg of catalyst Pt @ Mxene are added into 10ml of solvent (dimethyl sulfoxide), the mixture is uniformly mixed and put into a microwave reactor (shown in figure 3), the reaction time is set to be 0.5-2h, the microwave power is set to be 50-200W, and the reaction temperature is 150-240 ℃. After the reaction is finished, filtering, washing, GC-MS and HPLC component analysis are carried out, and high-yield and high-selectivity liquid phase products (such as liquid phase products rich in phenols, 5-HMF, gamma-valerolactone and hydrocarbons) are obtained.