阅读说明：本技术 一种铝合金铸棒的制备工艺 (Preparation process of aluminum alloy cast rod ) 是由 崔清磊 王满意 于 2021-09-02 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种铝合金铸棒的制备工艺,包括如下步骤：采用卧式正向挤压机对铝合金铸件进行挤压,将铝棒加热到400～430℃后输送至挤压筒内,挤压筒的温度为400～420℃,挤压速度为0.5～1mm/s；在挤压棒材头端打孔、固定,装入立式淬火炉进行淬火处理,固溶温度为480～510℃,固溶保温时间大于45分钟；将型材矫直,并在尾部取样做组织检测；将矫直的型材进行36～60h的自然时效处理；在型材的头、尾部取样进行力学性能测试。本发明修改优化现有的合金生产工艺,使得铝合金挤压棒材获得良好的力学性能及很浅的粗晶环。(The invention provides a preparation process of an aluminum alloy cast rod, which comprises the following steps: extruding the aluminum alloy casting by using a horizontal forward extruder, heating the aluminum bar to 400-430 ℃, and conveying the aluminum bar into an extrusion cylinder, wherein the temperature of the extrusion cylinder is 400-420 ℃, and the extrusion speed is 0.5-1 mm/s; punching and fixing the head end of an extruded bar, and putting the extruded bar into a vertical quenching furnace for quenching treatment, wherein the solid solution temperature is 480-510 ℃, and the solid solution heat preservation time is more than 45 minutes; straightening the section bar, and sampling at the tail part for tissue detection; carrying out natural aging treatment on the straightened section for 36-60 h; and sampling at the head and the tail of the section bar to carry out mechanical property test. The invention modifies and optimizes the existing alloy production process, so that the aluminum alloy extruded bar obtains good mechanical property and shallow coarse crystal ring.)

1. A preparation process of an aluminum alloy cast rod is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

extruding the aluminum alloy casting by using a horizontal forward extruder, heating the aluminum bar to 400-430 ℃, and conveying the aluminum bar into an extrusion cylinder, wherein the temperature of the extrusion cylinder is 400-420 ℃, and the extrusion speed is 0.5-1 mm/s;

punching and fixing the head end of an extruded bar, and putting the extruded bar into a vertical quenching furnace for quenching treatment, wherein the solid solution temperature is 480-510 ℃, and the solid solution heat preservation time is more than 45 minutes;

straightening the section bar, and sampling at the tail part for tissue detection;

carrying out natural aging treatment on the straightened section for 36-60 h;

and sampling at the head and the tail of the section bar to carry out mechanical property test.

2. A process for producing an aluminum alloy cast rod according to claim 1, characterized in that: the chemical components of the aluminum alloy cast rod meet the following conditions: calculated by mass percent, the silicon is less than or equal to 0.5 percent, the iron is less than or equal to 0.5 percent, the copper is 3.8 to 4.9 percent, the manganese is 0.3 to 0.9 percent, the magnesium is 1.2 to 1.8 percent, the zinc is less than or equal to 0.3 percent, the nickel is less than or equal to 0.5 percent, the titanium is less than or equal to 0.15 percent, and the balance is aluminum.

3. A process for producing an aluminum alloy cast rod according to claim 2, characterized in that: the chemical components of the aluminum alloy cast rod meet the following conditions: calculated by mass percent, 0.129 percent of silicon, 0.188 percent of iron, 4.34 percent of copper, 0.566 percent of manganese, 1.55 percent of magnesium, 0.13 percent of zinc, 0.102 percent of nickel, 0.06 percent of titanium and the balance of aluminum.

4. A process for producing an aluminum alloy cast rod according to claim 1, characterized in that: the extrusion factor of the aluminum alloy casting was 20.89.

5. A process for producing an aluminum alloy cast rod according to claim 1, characterized in that: the width of a guide plate adopted by a die of the horizontal forward extruder is not more than 30mm or no guide plate is adopted.

6. A process for producing an aluminum alloy cast rod according to claim 1, characterized in that: the quenching mode adopts water quenching.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy processing technology, in particular to a preparation technology of an aluminum alloy cast rod.

Background

The 2A12 aluminum alloy is a typical high-strength Al-Cu-Mg aluminum alloy and is widely used as military and civil structural parts, but the alloy forward extrusion product is easy to generate coarse crystal ring defects after quenching. Long-term production practice proves that the depth of the macrocrystalline ring of the 2A12 aluminum alloy product is difficult to control. The surface layer of the aluminum alloy extruded product is an annular or crescent coarse crystal ring, the grain size of the coarse crystal ring in a normal area can be increased by several times, and the mechanical property, the welding property and the machinability of the material are obviously reduced, so that the wide application of the 2A12 aluminum alloy extruded product is limited.

Scholars at home and abroad have more researches on the heat treatment process and the mechanical property of the 2A12 aluminum alloy. However, for the problem of the coarse grain ring of the extruded bar of the 2a12 aluminum alloy, there are few reports on how to perform systematic research on effective control on the whole production process.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention provides a preparation process of an aluminum alloy cast rod, which modifies and optimizes the existing alloy production process to enable an aluminum alloy extruded rod to obtain good mechanical properties and a shallow coarse crystal ring.

In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a preparation process of an aluminum alloy cast rod, which comprises the following steps:

extruding the aluminum alloy casting by using a horizontal forward extruder, heating the aluminum bar to 400-430 ℃, and conveying the aluminum bar into an extrusion cylinder, wherein the temperature of the extrusion cylinder is 400-420 ℃, and the extrusion speed is 0.5-1 mm/s;

punching and fixing the head end of an extruded bar, and putting the extruded bar into a vertical quenching furnace for quenching treatment, wherein the solid solution temperature is 480-510 ℃, and the solid solution heat preservation time is more than 45 minutes;

straightening the section bar, and sampling at the tail part for tissue detection;

carrying out natural aging treatment on the straightened section for 36-60 h;

and sampling at the head and the tail of the section bar to carry out mechanical property test.

Further, the chemical composition of the aluminum alloy cast rod meets the following conditions: calculated by mass percent, the silicon is less than or equal to 0.5 percent, the iron is less than or equal to 0.5 percent, the copper is 3.8 to 4.9 percent, the manganese is 0.3 to 0.9 percent, the magnesium is 1.2 to 1.8 percent, the zinc is less than or equal to 0.3 percent, the nickel is less than or equal to 0.5 percent, the titanium is less than or equal to 0.15 percent, and the balance is aluminum.

Further, the chemical composition of the aluminum alloy cast rod meets the following conditions: calculated by mass percent, 0.129 percent of silicon, 0.188 percent of iron, 4.34 percent of copper, 0.566 percent of manganese, 1.55 percent of magnesium, 0.13 percent of zinc, 0.102 percent of nickel, 0.06 percent of titanium and the balance of aluminum.

Further, the extrusion coefficient of the aluminum alloy casting was 20.89.

Furthermore, the width of a guide plate adopted by the die of the horizontal forward extruder is not more than 30mm or no guide plate is adopted.

Furthermore, the quenching mode adopts water quenching.

The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. the tensile strength and the yield strength of the aluminum alloy bar are greatly improved, so that the tensile strength reaches 488MPa, and the yield strength reaches 349 MPa.

2. More qualified products with the thickness of the coarse crystal ring being less than or equal to 0.4mm are obtained, the mechanical property and the fatigue resistance of the aluminum alloy bar are obviously improved, the surface is smoother and the subsequent processing is facilitated.

3. The length of the extrusion forming waste of the aluminum alloy bars is greatly reduced, the production efficiency is improved, and the manpower and material resources consumed by producing the aluminum alloy bars in fixed units are greatly reduced.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the described embodiments of the invention, are within the scope of the invention.

Example one

The embodiment provides a preparation process of an aluminum alloy cast rod, which comprises the following steps:

extruding the aluminum alloy casting by adopting a horizontal forward extruder, heating an aluminum bar to 415 ℃, and conveying the aluminum bar into an extrusion cylinder, wherein the temperature of the extrusion cylinder is 410 ℃, and the extrusion speed is 0.75 mm/s;

punching and fixing the head end of an extruded bar, and putting the extruded bar into a vertical quenching furnace for quenching treatment, wherein the solid solution temperature is 495 ℃, and the solid solution heat preservation time is more than 45 minutes;

straightening the section bar, and sampling at the tail part for tissue detection;

carrying out natural aging treatment on the straightened section for 48 hours;

and sampling at the head and the tail of the section bar to carry out mechanical property test.

The chemical components of the aluminum alloy cast rod meet the following conditions: calculated by mass percent, 0.129 percent of silicon, 0.188 percent of iron, 4.34 percent of copper, 0.566 percent of manganese, 1.55 percent of magnesium, 0.13 percent of zinc, 0.102 percent of nickel, 0.06 percent of titanium and the balance of aluminum.

The extrusion factor of the aluminum alloy casting was 20.89.

The die of the horizontal forward extruder has no guide plate.

The quenching mode adopts water quenching.

Example two

The embodiment provides a preparation process of an aluminum alloy cast rod, which comprises the following steps:

extruding the aluminum alloy casting by adopting a horizontal forward extruder, heating an aluminum bar to 410 ℃, and conveying the aluminum bar into an extrusion cylinder, wherein the temperature of the extrusion cylinder is 405 ℃, and the extrusion speed is 0.6 mm/s;

punching and fixing the head end of the extrusion bar, and putting the extrusion bar into a vertical quenching furnace for quenching treatment, wherein the solid solution temperature is 490 ℃, and the solid solution heat preservation time is more than 45 minutes;

straightening the section bar, and sampling at the tail part for tissue detection;

carrying out natural aging treatment on the straightened section for 48 hours;

and sampling at the head and the tail of the section bar to carry out mechanical property test.

The chemical components of the aluminum alloy cast rod meet the following conditions: calculated by mass percent, 0.129 percent of silicon, 0.188 percent of iron, 4.34 percent of copper, 0.566 percent of manganese, 1.55 percent of magnesium, 0.13 percent of zinc, 0.102 percent of nickel, 0.06 percent of titanium and the balance of aluminum.

The extrusion factor of the aluminum alloy casting was 20.89.

The die of the horizontal forward extruder has no guide plate.

The quenching mode adopts water quenching.

EXAMPLE III

The embodiment provides a preparation process of an aluminum alloy cast rod, which comprises the following steps:

extruding the aluminum alloy casting by adopting a horizontal forward extruder, heating an aluminum bar to 420 ℃, and conveying the aluminum bar into an extrusion cylinder, wherein the temperature of the extrusion cylinder is 415 ℃, and the extrusion speed is 0.9 mm/s;

punching and fixing the head end of an extruded bar, and putting the extruded bar into a vertical quenching furnace for quenching treatment, wherein the solid solution temperature is 500 ℃, and the solid solution heat preservation time is more than 45 minutes;

straightening the section bar, and sampling at the tail part for tissue detection;

carrying out natural aging treatment on the straightened section for 48 hours;

and sampling at the head and the tail of the section bar to carry out mechanical property test.

The chemical components of the aluminum alloy cast rod meet the following conditions: calculated by mass percent, 0.129 percent of silicon, 0.188 percent of iron, 4.34 percent of copper, 0.566 percent of manganese, 1.55 percent of magnesium, 0.13 percent of zinc, 0.102 percent of nickel, 0.06 percent of titanium and the balance of aluminum.

The extrusion factor of the aluminum alloy casting was 20.89.

The die of the horizontal forward extruder has no guide plate.

The quenching mode adopts water quenching.

In the first to third embodiments, the process conditions are adjusted, and finally, the bar is sampled at the head and the tail to perform mechanical property tests. And (3) observing a metallographic structure by using an MR3000 metallographic microscope, taking a corrosive solution as a NaOH reagent, and testing the mechanical property of the bar by using a WDW-100 mechanical property testing machine. The mechanical properties of the alloy are detected according to the GB/T6892-2015 standard and are as follows:

example four

The embodiment provides a preparation process of an aluminum alloy cast rod, which comprises the following steps:

extruding the aluminum alloy casting by adopting a horizontal forward extruder, heating an aluminum bar to 415 ℃, and conveying the aluminum bar into an extrusion cylinder, wherein the temperature of the extrusion cylinder is 410 ℃, and the extrusion speed is 0.75 mm/s;

punching and fixing the head end of an extruded bar, and putting the extruded bar into a vertical quenching furnace for quenching treatment, wherein the solid solution temperature is 495 ℃, and the solid solution heat preservation time is more than 45 minutes;

straightening the section bar, and sampling at the tail part for tissue detection;

carrying out natural aging treatment on the straightened section for 48 hours;

and sampling at the head and the tail of the section bar to carry out mechanical property test.

The chemical components of the aluminum alloy cast rod meet the following conditions: calculated by mass percent, 0.129 percent of silicon, 0.188 percent of iron, 4.34 percent of copper, 0.566 percent of manganese, 1.55 percent of magnesium, 0.13 percent of zinc, 0.102 percent of nickel, 0.06 percent of titanium and the balance of aluminum.

The extrusion factor of the aluminum alloy casting was 20.89.

The width of a guide plate adopted by a die of the horizontal forward extruder is 30 mm.

The quenching mode adopts water quenching.

EXAMPLE five

The embodiment provides a preparation process of an aluminum alloy cast rod, which comprises the following steps:

extruding the aluminum alloy casting by adopting a horizontal forward extruder, heating an aluminum bar to 415 ℃, and conveying the aluminum bar into an extrusion cylinder, wherein the temperature of the extrusion cylinder is 410 ℃, and the extrusion speed is 0.75 mm/s;

punching and fixing the head end of an extruded bar, and putting the extruded bar into a vertical quenching furnace for quenching treatment, wherein the solid solution temperature is 495 ℃, and the solid solution heat preservation time is more than 45 minutes;

straightening the section bar, and sampling at the tail part for tissue detection;

carrying out natural aging treatment on the straightened section for 48 hours;

and sampling at the head and the tail of the section bar to carry out mechanical property test.

The chemical components of the aluminum alloy cast rod meet the following conditions: calculated by mass percent, 0.129 percent of silicon, 0.188 percent of iron, 4.34 percent of copper, 0.566 percent of manganese, 1.55 percent of magnesium, 0.13 percent of zinc, 0.102 percent of nickel, 0.06 percent of titanium and the balance of aluminum.

The extrusion factor of the aluminum alloy casting was 20.89.

The width of a guide plate adopted by a die of the horizontal forward extruder is 15 mm.

The quenching mode adopts water quenching.

The first embodiment, the fourth embodiment and the fifth embodiment detect the mechanical properties of the bar under different die structure conditions of the same process system, and finally the bar is sampled at the head and the tail to carry out the mechanical property test. And (3) observing a metallographic structure by using an MR3000 metallographic microscope, taking a corrosive solution as a NaOH reagent, and testing the mechanical property of the bar by using a WDW-100 mechanical property testing machine. The mechanical properties of the alloy are detected according to the GB/T6892-2015 standard and are as follows:

	tensile strength (Mpa)	Yield strength (Mpa)	Elongation percentage	(coarse crystal ring is less than or equal to 0.4 mm) length of waste material (m)
					Example one	488	349	13%	0.75
Example four	432	323	16%	1.4
					EXAMPLE five	456	341	15%	1.1

EXAMPLE six

The embodiment provides a preparation process of an aluminum alloy cast rod, which comprises the following steps:

extruding the aluminum alloy casting by adopting a horizontal forward extruder, heating an aluminum bar to 415 ℃, and conveying the aluminum bar into an extrusion cylinder, wherein the temperature of the extrusion cylinder is 410 ℃, and the extrusion speed is 0.75 mm/s;

punching and fixing the head end of an extruded bar, and putting the extruded bar into a vertical quenching furnace for quenching treatment, wherein the solid solution temperature is 495 ℃, and the solid solution heat preservation time is more than 45 minutes;

straightening the section bar, and sampling at the tail part for tissue detection;

carrying out natural aging treatment on the straightened section for 48 hours;

and sampling at the head and the tail of the section bar to carry out mechanical property test.

The chemical components of the aluminum alloy cast rod meet the following conditions: calculated by mass percent, 0.136 percent of silicon, 0.192 percent of iron, 4.01 percent of copper, 0.423 percent of manganese, 1.29 percent of magnesium, 0.13 percent of zinc, 0.114 percent of nickel, 0.06 percent of titanium and the balance of aluminum.

The extrusion factor of the aluminum alloy casting was 20.89.

The die of the horizontal forward extruder has no guide plate.

The quenching mode adopts water quenching.

EXAMPLE seven

The embodiment provides a preparation process of an aluminum alloy cast rod, which comprises the following steps:

extruding the aluminum alloy casting by adopting a horizontal forward extruder, heating an aluminum bar to 415 ℃, and conveying the aluminum bar into an extrusion cylinder, wherein the temperature of the extrusion cylinder is 410 ℃, and the extrusion speed is 0.75 mm/s;

punching and fixing the head end of an extruded bar, and putting the extruded bar into a vertical quenching furnace for quenching treatment, wherein the solid solution temperature is 495 ℃, and the solid solution heat preservation time is more than 45 minutes;

straightening the section bar, and sampling at the tail part for tissue detection;

carrying out natural aging treatment on the straightened section for 48 hours;

and sampling at the head and the tail of the section bar to carry out mechanical property test.

The chemical components of the aluminum alloy cast rod meet the following conditions: calculated by mass percent, 0.123 percent of silicon, 0.185 percent of iron, 4.78 percent of copper, 0.796 percent of manganese, 1.74 percent of magnesium, 0.15 percent of zinc, 0.998 percent of nickel, 0.06 percent of titanium and the balance of aluminum.

The extrusion factor of the aluminum alloy casting was 20.89.

The die of the horizontal forward extruder has no guide plate.

The quenching mode adopts water quenching.

The first embodiment, the sixth embodiment and the seventh embodiment detect the mechanical properties of the bar under the conditions of different component formulas of the same process system, and finally the bar is sampled at the head and the tail to carry out the mechanical property test. And (3) observing a metallographic structure by using an MR3000 metallographic microscope, taking a corrosive solution as a NaOH reagent, and testing the mechanical property of the bar by using a WDW-100 mechanical property testing machine. The mechanical properties of the alloy are detected according to the GB/T6892-2015 standard and are as follows:

while the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.