阅读说明：本技术 一种高强、耐磨和减摩的铝基复合材料及其制备方法 (High-strength, wear-resistant and antifriction aluminum-based composite material and preparation method thereof ) 是由 李才巨 李宁宇 邢辕 武子翔 杨晨茂月 易健宏 高鹏 冯中学 于 2021-08-09 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开一种高强、耐磨和减摩的铝基复合材料及其制备方法,属于金属基复合材料开发领域。本发明所述的铝基复合材料主要由3部分构成,包括纯铝基体,氧化碳化硅颗粒(氧化SiC-(p))以及固体润滑剂二硫化钨(WS-(2)),其中氧化SiC-(p)含量为10vol%～20vol%,WS-(2)颗粒含量为0.5vol%～2vol%,其余为纯铝,氧化SiC-(p)和WS-(2)颗粒均弥散分布在纯铝基体当中；具体的制备方法为：将纯铝粉、氧化SiC-(p)以及WS-(2)进行高能球磨,得到前驱复合粉体,随后将复合粉体进行放电等离子烧结得到性能优异的块体复合材料；该复合材料极限抗拉强度高,同时具有优良的耐磨减摩性,为当今高强、耐磨材料领域提供重要的技术参考。(The invention discloses a high-strength, wear-resistant and antifriction aluminum-based composite material and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of development of metal-based composite materials. The aluminum matrix composite material mainly comprises 3 parts, including pure aluminum matrix and silicon carbide oxide particles (SiC oxide) p ) And tungsten disulfide (WS) as a solid lubricant 2 ) In which oxygen is presentChemical SiC p Content is 10vol% to 20vol%, WS 2 The content of the particles is 0.5vol% to 2vol%, and the balance is pure aluminum and SiC oxide p And WS 2 The particles are uniformly dispersed in the pure aluminum matrix; the preparation method comprises the following steps: pure aluminum powder and SiC oxide p And WS 2 Performing high-energy ball milling to obtain precursor composite powder, and performing spark plasma sintering on the composite powder to obtain a block composite material with excellent performance; the composite material has high ultimate tensile strength and excellent wear resistance and friction reduction, and provides important technical reference for the field of high-strength and wear-resistant materials.)

1. A high-strength, wear-resistant and friction-reducing aluminum-based composite material is characterized in that: the composite material comprises a pure aluminum matrix and SiC oxide_pSolid lubricant WS₂(ii) a Oxidized SiC_pContent is 10vol% to 20vol%, WS₂The content is 0.5vol% to 2vol%, and the balance is pure aluminum.

2. The method of preparing a high strength, wear resistant and friction reducing aluminum matrix composite of claim 1, comprising the steps of:

(1) weighing the required content of oxidized SiC_p、WS₂Pure aluminum powder, and performing high-energy ball milling on the pure aluminum powder to obtain precursor composite powder;

(2) and carrying out vacuum discharge plasma sintering on the obtained precursor composite powder, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the block aluminum-based composite material with high strength, wear resistance and friction reduction.

3. The method of preparing a high strength, wear resistant and friction reducing aluminum matrix composite as claimed in claim 2, wherein: oxidized SiC_pHas a particle diameter of 500nm to 850nm and is made of SiC_pCalcining at 1100-1400 ℃ for 3-5 h to obtain WS₂Having a particle diameter of300nm to 1 μm, and the grain diameter of the pure aluminum powder is 20 μm to 30 μm.

4. The method of preparing a high strength, wear resistant and friction reducing aluminum matrix composite as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the high-energy ball milling condition in the step (1) is 150 rpm-300 rpm, the ball-material ratio is 10: 1-20: 1, and the total duration time is 15 h-24 h.

5. The method of preparing a high strength, wear resistant and friction reducing aluminum matrix composite as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the sintering conditions in the step (2) are as follows: the sintering temperature is 550-600 ℃, the heat preservation time is 5-15 min, and the sintering pressure is 30 MPa.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a high-strength, wear-resistant and antifriction aluminum-based composite material and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of development of metal-based composite materials.

Background

The aluminum-based composite material has the advantages of small density, high specific strength and specific stiffness, good wear resistance, excellent corrosion resistance and the like, and in order to further improve the frictional wear performance of the composite material, a solid lubricant (graphite, molybdenum disulfide, boron nitride or the like) is added into the aluminum-based composite material to prepare the self-lubricating metal-based composite material. However, according to the current research situation, most self-lubricating metal matrix composite materials have a large amount of solid lubricant added therein, which effectively improves the friction coefficient and the abrasion loss, but greatly increases the brittleness of the composite material, thereby promoting the strength and the elongation to be greatly reduced, and on the contrary, reducing the practicability of the composite material. Therefore, balancing the strength, elongation and frictional wear properties of the composite material, and obtaining the optimum amount of the solid lubricant to be added is a subject to be further studied in this field.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a high-strength, wear-resistant and antifriction aluminum-based composite material which has high strength, good elongation and excellent performanceThe wear resistance and the friction reduction are good, the comprehensive performance is excellent, and the practicability is greatly improved; the high-strength, wear-resistant and antifriction aluminum-based composite material is prepared from a pure aluminum matrix and SiC oxide_pAnd WS₂Composition in which SiC is oxidized_pContent is 10vol% to 20vol%, WS₂The content of (A) is 0.5vol% to 2vol%, and the balance is pure aluminum.

The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the high-strength, wear-resistant and friction-reducing aluminum-based composite material, which comprises the following steps:

(1) weighing the required content of oxidized SiC_p、WS₂And pure aluminum powder, and performing high-energy ball milling on the pure aluminum powder to obtain precursor composite powder.

(2) And carrying out vacuum discharge plasma sintering on the obtained precursor composite powder, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the block aluminum-based composite material with high strength, wear resistance and friction reduction.

Preferably, SiC is oxidized in the step (1) of the present invention_pHas a particle diameter of 500nm to 850nm and is made of SiC_pIs obtained by high-temperature calcination at 1100-1400 ℃ for 3-5 h, WS₂The grain diameter is 300 nm-1 μm, and the grain diameter of the pure aluminum powder is 20 μm-30 μm.

Preferably, the high-energy ball milling condition in the step (1) is 150 rpm-300 rpm, the ball-material ratio is 10: 1-20: 1, and the total duration time is 15 h-24 h.

Preferably, the sintering conditions in step (2) of the present invention are: the sintering temperature is 550-600 ℃, the heat preservation time is 5-15 min, and the sintering pressure is 25-40 MPa.

The principle of the invention is as follows: compared with the original silicon carbide reinforced aluminum-based composite material, the silicon carbide reinforced aluminum-based composite material has higher strength and more excellent wear resistance, benefits from improved interface bonding on one hand, and plays a greater role by virtue of a strengthening mechanism in the silicon carbide reinforced aluminum-based composite material on the other hand; the addition of the tungsten sulfide serving as a solid lubricant can further improve the strength and obviously improve the more uniform dispersion of silicon carbide oxide particles, so that the comprehensive mechanical property of the composite material is obviously improved, and the aluminum matrix composite material with uniformly dispersed reinforcement and excellent performance is obtained. When the composite material is subjected to friction, the silicon carbide oxide particles can well protect the matrix, so that the wear resistance of the material is improved, and the tungsten sulfide can form a lubricating layer to effectively separate the matrix from a wear body, so that the friction reduction of the composite material is obviously improved.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the high-strength, wear-resistant and friction-reducing aluminum-based composite material has the advantages of high strength, good elongation and excellent frictional wear performance, through the preparation steps, the ultimate tensile strength of the prepared aluminum-based composite material can reach 320-60 MPa, the elongation can reach 7.5-9%, the friction coefficient is 0.4-0.55, and the wear loss is 0.4-1.3 mg under the experimental conditions of a load of 2N, a duration of 30min and a sliding rate of 0.15 m/s; compared with the method without adding WS under the same experimental conditions₂Of oxidized SiC_pThe performance of the reinforced pure aluminum matrix composite (the ultimate tensile strength is 250 MPa-285 MPa, the elongation is 9% -13%, the friction coefficient is 0.55-0.75, and the abrasion loss is 1.35 mg-1.5 mg) is greatly improved; compared with the traditional self-lubricating metal matrix composite material, the composite material provided by the invention has excellent frictional wear performance, higher strength and elongation and more excellent practicability.

Drawings

FIG. 1 WS₂-SiC_pTEM picture of microstructure of the/Al composite material;

FIG. 2 WS₂-SiC_pThe friction coefficient and the abrasion loss of the/Al composite material are tested;

FIG. 3 WS₂-SiC_pEngineering tensile stress-strain curve of the/Al composite material.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the examples.

Example 1

A preparation method of a high-strength, wear-resistant and friction-reducing aluminum-based composite material specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) weighing SiC oxide with particle size of 800nm_pAnd 500nm WS₂Particles, and 30 mu m pure aluminum powder, SiC oxide_pAnd WS₂Respectively in an amount of 10vol% and 0.5vol%, with the balance being pure aluminum, the SiC oxide being_pFrom SiC_pCalcining at 1100 deg.C for 5 hr.

(2) Mixing the three materials, and performing high-energy ball milling at the rotation speed of 150rpm in a ball-to-material ratio of 10:1 for a total duration of 15 h.

(3) Performing spark plasma sintering on the obtained precursor composite powder, wherein the sintering temperature is 600 ℃, the heat preservation time is 5min, and the sintering pressure is 30 MPa; according to the above-mentioned process, the high-strength wear-resisting antifriction aluminium base composite material is prepared, in which SiC oxide_pAnd WS₂The contents are respectively 10vol% and 0.5vol%, and the balance is pure aluminum.

WS prepared in this example₂-SiC_pThe microstructure of the/Al composite material is shown in FIG. 1, in which SiO oxide is present₂And WS₂The distribution is uniform; prepared WS₂-SiC_pThe friction and wear performance of the/Al composite material is shown in figure 2, the friction coefficient is 0.55, and the wear loss is 0.4 mg; prepared WS₂-SiC_pThe tensile property of the/Al composite material is shown in figure 3, and the ultimate tensile strength can reach 320 MPa.

Example 2

A preparation method of a high-strength, wear-resistant and friction-reducing aluminum-based composite material specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) weighing SiC oxide with the particle size of 500nm_pAnd WS of 300nm₂Particles, and 20 μm pure aluminum powder, SiC oxide_pAnd WS₂The addition amounts of (A) and (B) are respectively 15vol% and 1.5vol%, the balance is pure aluminum, and the SiC oxide is_pFrom SiC_pObtained by high-temperature calcination at 1400 ℃ for 3 h.

(2) Mixing the three materials, and performing high-energy ball milling at the ball milling rotation speed of 200rpm in the ball-material ratio of 15:1 for a total duration of 20 h.

(3) And (3) performing spark plasma sintering on the obtained precursor composite powder, wherein the sintering temperature is 550 ℃, the heat preservation time is 15min, and the sintering pressure is 30 MPa. According to the process, the high-strength, wear-resistant and antifriction aluminum base is preparedComposite material of oxidized SiC_pAnd WS₂The contents are respectively 10vol% and 0.5vol%, and the balance is pure aluminum.

WS prepared in this example₂-SiC_pThe microstructure of the/Al composite material is similar to that of example 1; prepared WS₂-SiC_pThe friction and wear performance of the/Al composite material is shown in FIG. 2, the friction coefficient is 0.43, and the wear loss is 1.35 mg; prepared WS₂-SiC_pThe tensile property of the/Al composite material is shown in figure 3, and the ultimate tensile strength can reach 330 MPa.

Example 3

A preparation method of a high-strength, wear-resistant and friction-reducing aluminum-based composite material specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) weighing SiC oxide with the particle size of 700nm_pAnd 1 μm WS₂Particles, and 25 mu m pure aluminum powder, SiC oxide_pAnd WS₂The addition amounts of (A) and (B) are respectively 20vol% and 1vol%, the balance is pure aluminum, and the SiC oxide is_pFrom SiC_pObtained by high-temperature calcination at 1300 ℃ for 4 h.

(2) Mixing the three materials, and performing high-energy ball milling at the ball milling rotation speed of 300rpm in a ball-to-material ratio of 20:1 for a total duration of 24 h.

(3) Performing spark plasma sintering on the obtained precursor composite powder, wherein the sintering temperature is 580 ℃, the heat preservation time is 10min, and the sintering pressure is 30 MPa; according to the above-mentioned process, the high-strength wear-resisting antifriction aluminium base composite material is prepared, in which SiC oxide_pAnd WS₂The contents are respectively 10vol% and 0.5vol%, and the balance is pure aluminum.

WS prepared in this example₂-SiC_pThe microstructure of the/Al composite material is similar to that of example 1; prepared WS₂-SiC_pThe friction and wear performance of the/Al composite material is shown in FIG. 2, the friction coefficient is 0.53, and the wear loss is 0.73 mg; prepared WS₂-SiC_pThe tensile property of the/Al composite material is shown in figure 3, and the ultimate tensile strength can reach 360 MPa.

FIG. 1 shows WS obtained in example 1₂-SiC_pTEM images of the microstructure of the/Al composite, from which it can be seen,WS₂more attaches to the surface distribution of the oxidized SiC particles and thus helps promote more uniform dispersion among each other.

FIG. 2 shows WS₂-SiC_pThe friction coefficient and wear resistance test results of the/Al composite material can be seen from the graph, and WS is added₂Later, SiC can be significantly improved_pThe friction coefficient and the amount of wear of the/Al composite material proved WS₂The addition of (2) can obviously improve the friction and wear performance of the composite material.

FIG. 3 shows WS₂-SiC_pThe engineering tensile stress-strain curve of the/Al composite material can be seen by adding WS₂Later, SiC can be significantly promoted_pUltimate tensile strength of the/Al composite, proving WS₂The strength of the composite material can be obviously improved by adding the (C).