阅读说明：本技术 一种高强度高韧度铝合金螺栓及其制备方法 (High-strength high-toughness aluminum alloy bolt and preparation method thereof ) 是由 钟孝贤 卜志强 于 2021-09-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种高强度高韧度铝合金螺栓,属于复合材料技术领域,该螺栓具有质量轻、抗拉强度高、韧性好的特点；是由以下百分比的材料组成：铝80～90％,锌0.5～12％,铜0.5～2.6％,镁0.5～3.0％,镍0.5～8％,钇0.5～2％,锆0.1～0.5％,百分比总和为100％。发明还公开了该紧固螺栓的制备方法,利用该制备方法能够制备出质量稳定的紧固螺栓。(The invention discloses a high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy bolt, which belongs to the technical field of composite materials and has the characteristics of light weight, high tensile strength and good toughness; the material consists of the following materials in percentage by weight: 80-90% of aluminum, 0.5-12% of zinc, 0.5-2.6% of copper, 0.5-3.0% of magnesium, 0.5-8% of nickel, 0.5-2% of yttrium and 0.1-0.5% of zirconium, wherein the total percentage is 100%. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the fastening bolt, and the fastening bolt with stable quality can be prepared by the preparation method.)

1. The high-strength high-toughness aluminum alloy bolt is characterized by being composed of the following materials in percentage: 80-90% of aluminum, 0.5-12% of zinc, 0.5-2.6% of copper, 0.5-3.0% of magnesium, 0.5-8% of nickel, 0.5-2% of yttrium, 0.1-0.5% of zirconium, and the total percentage of the total materials is 100%.

2. The method for preparing the high-strength high-toughness aluminum alloy bolt according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following preparation steps of:

(1) taking aluminum, zinc, copper, magnesium, nickel, yttrium and zirconium according to a proportion, and smelting, refining, advecting, casting and casting to obtain a thin quasi-amorphous strip;

(2) shearing the quasi-amorphous strip obtained in the step (1) into quasi-amorphous small slices;

(3) prepressing the quasi-amorphous small slices obtained in the step (2) into a column blank, and performing hot extrusion molding to obtain an aluminum alloy bar;

(4) and (4) carrying out heat treatment crystallization on the aluminum alloy bar obtained in the step (3), and carrying out rolling finish machining to obtain the aluminum alloy bar.

3. The method for preparing the high-strength high-toughness aluminum alloy bolt according to claim 2, wherein in the step (1), the rotating speed of a horizontal flow casting copper plate is 3000-5000 r/s, the water cooling temperature of the copper plate is 15-20 ℃, and the thickness of the obtained quasi-amorphous strip is 0.1-0.5 mm.

4. A preparation method of a high-strength high-toughness aluminum alloy bolt as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the step (2), the cut quasi-amorphous small slice size is 3 x 3-5 x 5 mm.

5. The method for preparing the high-strength high-toughness aluminum alloy bolt according to claim 2, wherein in the step (3), the hot extrusion temperature is 350-400 ℃, and the extrusion ratio is 5-12.

6. The method for preparing the high-strength high-toughness aluminum alloy bolt according to claim 2, wherein in the step (4), the heat treatment comprises three processes of tempering, quenching and aging, the tempering temperature is 450-480 ℃, and the time is 2-12 hours; the quenching temperature is 50-65 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 10-15 seconds and 6 seconds; the aging temperature is 130-160 ℃, and the time is 12-25 hours.

7. The method for preparing the high-strength high-toughness aluminum alloy bolt according to claim 2, further comprising the step (5): the surface of the obtained fastening bolt is subjected to coating treatment.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of composite materials, in particular to a high-strength high-toughness aluminum alloy bolt; the invention also relates to a preparation method of the bolt.

Background

The aerospace craft needs to be connected by a large number of fastening bolts, at present, a part of the fastening bolts are made of special steel materials or titanium alloys, and the specific gravity of the fastening bolts made of the materials is more important than that of aerospace aluminum alloys and composite materials, so that the self weight of the spacecraft is increased, and the performance and the cost are influenced. With the progress of the aerospace technology and the aggravation of market competition, the lightweight of the aerospace material is a key point of the technology and the market competition, the weight of each kilogram of weight of the spacecraft can be reduced by 2 ten thousand dollars, the effective load capacity of the spacecraft can be improved, and the lightweight of the structural material of the spacecraft is significant. The density of the aluminum alloy is 1/3 of the steel alloy, and the use of the ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy fastening bolt to replace the steel alloy fastening bolt has great significance. However, the fastening bolt for the spacecraft is used as an important structural mechanical part and has high requirement on the quality consistency of a substitute, the existing manufacturing method of the special high-performance aluminum alloy material is generally high-alloy-content strengthening and is obtained by adopting cast extrusion molding or spray deposition, the problems of component segregation and coarse grains exist when the traditional cast extrusion molding preparation method is used for preparing the high-alloy-content aluminum alloy material, and the quality consistency of the material is difficult to guarantee; although the grain of the high-content aluminum alloy material prepared by the jet deposition preparation method is fine, the laminated streamline is difficult to eliminate, and the reliability of the material quality is difficult to guarantee. Therefore, it is desirable to design a fastening bolt with overall performance and safety meeting the requirements of a spacecraft to solve the above problems.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy bolt which has the characteristics of light weight, high tensile strength and good toughness. The invention also provides a preparation method of the bolt.

The former technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a high-strength high-toughness aluminum alloy bolt is composed of the following materials in percentage by weight: 80-90% of aluminum, 0.5-12% of zinc, 0.5-2.6% of copper, 0.5-3.0% of magnesium, 0.5-8% of nickel, 0.5-2% of yttrium, 0.1-0.5% of zirconium, and the total percentage of the total materials is 100%.

The latter technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

the preparation method of the high-strength high-toughness aluminum alloy bolt comprises the following preparation steps:

(1) taking aluminum, zinc, copper, magnesium, nickel, yttrium and zirconium according to a proportion, and smelting, refining, advecting, casting and casting to obtain a thin quasi-amorphous strip;

(2) shearing the quasi-amorphous strip obtained in the step (1) into quasi-amorphous small slices;

(3) prepressing the quasi-amorphous small slices obtained in the step (2) into a column blank, and performing hot extrusion molding to obtain an aluminum alloy bar;

(4) and (4) carrying out heat treatment crystallization on the aluminum alloy bar obtained in the step (3), and carrying out rolling finish machining to obtain the aluminum alloy bar.

Further, in the step (1), the rotating speed of the horizontal flow casting copper plate is 3000-5000 r/s, the water cooling temperature of the copper plate is 15-20 ℃, and the thickness of the obtained quasi-amorphous strip is 0.1-0.5 mm.

Furthermore, in the step (2), the size of the cut quasi-amorphous small slice is 3 × 3-5 × 5 mm.

Further, in the step (3), the hot extrusion temperature is 350-400 ℃, and the extrusion ratio is 5-12.

Further, in the step (4), the heat treatment comprises three processes of tempering, quenching and aging, wherein the tempering temperature is 450-480 ℃, and the time is 2-12 hours; the quenching temperature is 50-65 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 10-15 seconds; the aging temperature is 130-160 ℃, and the time is 12-25 hours.

Further, the method also comprises the step (5): the surface of the obtained fastening bolt is subjected to coating treatment.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the high-strength high-toughness aluminum alloy bolt disclosed by the invention is composed of materials such as aluminum, zinc, copper, magnesium, nickel, yttrium and zirconium, the raw materials are matched and combined with one another, the density of the high-strength high-toughness aluminum alloy bolt is 1/3 of that of a steel bolt and 2/3 of that of a titanium bolt, the high-strength high-toughness aluminum alloy bolt is lighter in weight, the aerospace fastener bolt is lightened, the tensile strength reaches 1000MPa, the elongation is about 15%, the fatigue safety is high, and the high-strength high-toughness aluminum alloy bolt can replace the steel alloy fastening bolt and can be applied to the aerospace field.

2. The invention relates to a preparation method of a high-strength high-toughness aluminum alloy bolt, which is characterized in that raw materials of various materials are melted to prepare a quasi-amorphous strip, the quasi-amorphous strip is cut into quasi-amorphous small slices, the quasi-amorphous small slices are pre-pressed into a column material, the column material is subjected to hot extrusion molding to obtain an aluminum alloy bar, and the fastening bolt is obtained after heat treatment, crystallization, rolling and finish machining. The aluminum alloy material is prepared by a rapid solidification method and precise heat treatment, the grain size of the aluminum alloy material reaches below 5um, which is greatly lower than that of the traditional cast aluminum alloy by about 200um, the comprehensive performance of the tensile strength and toughness of the bolt is comprehensively improved, the fatigue safety is high, and the quality performance of the bolt meets the requirement of high damage tolerance in the aerospace field.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention without limiting the invention. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is an enlarged view of a quasi-amorphous strip obtained in the process of manufacturing a fastening bolt of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the molecular structure of the high strength and toughness aluminum alloy of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following embodiments, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

The invention relates to a high-strength high-toughness aluminum alloy bolt which is composed of the following materials in percentage by weight: 80-90% of aluminum, 0.5-12% of zinc, 0.5-2.6% of copper, 0.5-3.0% of magnesium, 0.5-8% of nickel, 0.5-2% of yttrium, 0.1-0.5% of zirconium, and the total percentage of the total materials is 100%. Through the mutual matching and combination of the raw materials, the density of the high-strength steel bolt is 1/3 of a steel bolt and 2/3 of a titanium bolt, the high-strength steel bolt is lighter in weight, the tensile strength of the high-strength steel bolt reaches 1000Mpa, the elongation of the high-strength steel bolt reaches about 15%, the fatigue safety is high, and the high-strength steel bolt can replace a steel alloy fastening bolt and is applied to the field of aerospace.

A preparation method of a high-strength high-toughness aluminum alloy bolt comprises the following preparation steps:

(1) taking aluminum, zinc, copper, magnesium, nickel, yttrium and zirconium in proportion, smelting, refining, and carrying out advection casting and strip casting to obtain a thin quasi-amorphous strip, as shown in figure 1. Wherein the rotating speed of the advection casting copper plate is 3000-5000 r/s, the water cooling temperature of the copper plate is 15-20 ℃, and the thickness of the obtained quasi-amorphous strip is 0.1-0.5 mm.

(2) And (2) cutting the quasi-amorphous strip obtained in the step (1) into quasi-amorphous small slices, wherein the size of the cut quasi-amorphous small slices is 3 multiplied by 3-5 multiplied by 5 mm.

(3) Prepressing the quasi-amorphous small slices obtained in the step (2) into a column blank, and performing hot extrusion molding to obtain the aluminum alloy bar. Wherein the hot extrusion temperature is 350-400 ℃, the extrusion ratio is 5-12: 1.

(4) and (4) carrying out heat treatment crystallization on the aluminum alloy bar obtained in the step (3), and carrying out rolling finish machining to obtain the aluminum alloy bar.

The heat treatment comprises three processes of tempering, quenching and aging, wherein the tempering temperature is 450-480 ℃, and the time is 2-12 hours; the quenching temperature is 50-65 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 10-15 seconds; the aging temperature is 130-160 ℃, and the time is 12-25 hours.

(5) The surface of the obtained fastening bolt is subjected to coating treatment.

The enlarged molecular structure of the bolt prepared by the preparation method of the high-strength high-toughness aluminum alloy bolt is shown in fig. 2 and can be obtained from fig. 2, when the aluminum alloy is prepared by the preparation method, the grain size of an aluminum alloy material reaches below 5um through a rapid solidification method and precise heat treatment, the grain size is greatly lower than that of a traditional cast aluminum alloy by about 200um, the density of the bolt is greatly higher than that of the traditional cast aluminum alloy, the high-strength aluminum alloy material with stable quality can be prepared by the preparation method, the problems of finished product segregation, coarse crystals, laminated flow and the like possibly existing in the aluminum alloy material prepared by the traditional process are avoided, the comprehensive performance of the tensile strength and the toughness of the bolt prepared by the material is comprehensively improved, the fatigue safety is high, and the quality performance of the bolt can meet the application requirements of the aerospace field. The aluminum alloy material prepared by the preparation method can also be applied to lightweight design in other intelligent industrial fields.

Example 1

The invention relates to a high-strength high-toughness aluminum alloy bolt which is composed of the following materials in percentage by weight: 85.55% of aluminum, 8.2% of zinc, 2.2% of copper, 1.8% of magnesium, 1.5% of nickel, 0.5% of yttrium and 0.25% of zirconium.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a high-strength high-toughness aluminum alloy bolt, which comprises the following preparation steps:

(1) taking aluminum, zinc, copper, magnesium, nickel, yttrium and zirconium according to the proportion, smelting, refining, advecting, casting and casting to obtain the thin quasi-amorphous strip. Wherein the rotating speed of the advection casting copper disc is 3000r/s, the water cooling temperature of the copper disc is 20 ℃, and the thickness of the obtained quasi-amorphous strip is 0.2 mm.

(2) And (2) cutting the quasi-amorphous strip obtained in the step (1) into quasi-amorphous small slices, wherein the size of the cut quasi-amorphous small slices is 3 x 3 mm.

(3) Prepressing the quasi-amorphous small slices obtained in the step (2) into a column blank, wherein the diameter of the column blank is 80 multiplied by the height of 500mm, and then carrying out hot extrusion to obtain an aluminum alloy bar with the diameter of 20 mm. Wherein the hot extrusion temperature is 400 ℃ and the extrusion ratio is 8.

(4) And (4) carrying out heat treatment crystallization on the aluminum alloy bar obtained in the step (3), and carrying out rolling finish machining to obtain the aluminum alloy bar.

Wherein the heat treatment comprises three processes of tempering, quenching and aging, the tempering temperature is 480 ℃, and the time is 12 hours; the quenching temperature is 50 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 15 seconds; the ageing temperature is 160 ℃ and the time is 12 hours.

(5) The surface of the obtained fastening bolt is subjected to coating treatment.

Example 2

The invention relates to a high-strength high-toughness aluminum alloy bolt which is composed of the following materials in percentage by weight: 80.45% of aluminum, 10.5% of zinc, 2.2% of copper, 1.8% of magnesium, 4% of nickel, 0.8% of yttrium and 0.25% of zirconium.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a high-strength high-toughness aluminum alloy bolt, which comprises the following preparation steps:

(1) taking aluminum, zinc, copper, magnesium, nickel, yttrium and zirconium according to the proportion, smelting, refining, advecting, casting and casting to obtain the thin quasi-amorphous strip. Wherein the rotating speed of the advection casting copper disc is 2000r/s, the water cooling temperature of the copper disc is 20 ℃, and the thickness of the obtained quasi-amorphous strip is 0.12 mm.

(2) And (2) cutting the quasi-amorphous strip obtained in the step (1) into quasi-amorphous small slices, wherein the size of the cut quasi-amorphous small slices is 3 x 4 mm.

(3) Prepressing the quasi-amorphous small slices obtained in the step (2) into a column blank, wherein the diameter of the column blank is 80 multiplied by the height of 500mm, and then carrying out hot extrusion to obtain an aluminum alloy bar with the diameter of 20 mm. Wherein the hot extrusion temperature is 385 ℃ and the extrusion ratio is 8.

(4) And (4) carrying out heat treatment crystallization on the aluminum alloy bar obtained in the step (3), and carrying out rolling finish machining to obtain the aluminum alloy bar.

The heat treatment comprises three processes of tempering, quenching and aging, wherein the tempering temperature is 450-480 ℃, and the time is 2-12 hours; the quenching temperature is 50-65 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 10-15 seconds; the aging temperature is 130-160 ℃, and the time is 12-25 hours.

(5) The surface of the obtained fastening bolt is subjected to coating treatment.

Comparative experiment 1

Selecting materials according to the component proportion provided by the example 1, trisecting the obtained materials to obtain three materials of a first experimental group, a second experimental group and a third experimental group, preparing a fastening bolt 1 from the material of the first experimental group according to the preparation method of the example 1, preparing a fastening bolt 2 from the material of the second experimental group according to the traditional spray deposition method, preparing a fastening bolt 3 from the material of the third experimental group according to the traditional casting method, testing the tensile strength, the yield strength, the elongation and the elastic modulus of the obtained 3 fastening bolts, and recording data as shown in the table 1.

TABLE 1 comparison of Performance of respective fastening bolts

According to the table 1, the performance and the comprehensive performance of the fastening bolt prepared by the preparation method of the high-strength high-toughness aluminum alloy bolt are comprehensively improved compared with those of the fastening bolt prepared by the traditional method, the tensile strength, the yield strength, the elongation and the elastic modulus of the fastening bolt are all superior to those of the fastening bolt prepared by the traditional spray deposition preparation method and the casting preparation method, and therefore, the fastening bolt of the high-strength high-toughness aluminum alloy has high strength and good toughness, meets the mechanical property requirement of an aerospace bolt, the ultra-fine grain high-strength high-toughness aluminum alloy is the most ideal material for the use safety performance of the lightweight aerospace bolt, the production process flow and the cost are equivalent to those of the traditional aluminum alloy powder extrusion method, and the fine grain superplasticity provides an industrial beneficial factor for cold and hot processing of the bolt. The method has good industrial scale production conditions, and meanwhile, the good comprehensive performance of the method also has wide application in the fields of aerospace high-performance aluminum alloy rivets and intelligent manufacturing equipment.

Comparative experiment 2

Selecting materials according to the component proportion provided by the example 2, trisecting the obtained materials to obtain a fourth experimental group, a fifth experimental group and a sixth experimental group, preparing a fastening bolt 4 from the fourth experimental group according to the preparation method of the example 1, preparing a fastening bolt 5 from the fifth experimental group according to the traditional spray deposition method, preparing a fastening bolt 6 from the sixth experimental group according to the traditional casting method, testing the tensile strength, the yield strength, the elongation and the elastic modulus of the obtained 3 fastening bolts, and recording data as shown in the table 2.

TABLE 2 comparison of Performance of respective fastening bolts

According to the table 2, the fastening bolt prepared by the preparation method of the high-strength high-toughness aluminum alloy bolt has better tensile strength, yield strength, elongation and elastic modulus than the fastening bolt prepared by the traditional spray deposition preparation method and casting preparation method, the fastening bolt of the high-strength high-toughness aluminum alloy bolt has high strength and good toughness, and is the most ideal material for the use safety performance of the aerospace bolt.

The above description is only exemplary of the invention, and any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and scope of the present invention should be considered within the scope of the present invention.