阅读说明：本技术 一种可用于激光增材制造的高强度Al-Fe-Sc合金 (High-strength Al-Fe-Sc alloy capable of being used for laser additive manufacturing ) 是由 李瑞迪 王悦婷 袁铁锤 于 2020-06-28 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开一种可用于激光增材制造的高强度Al-Fe-Sc合金；其中,可用于激光增材制造的高强度Al-Fe-Sc合金的制备方法,其包括,按照成分配比,称取原料配制成混合料,通过真空熔炼、氩气雾化；其中,按质量分数计,所述原料为Fe:2.5～5.5wt％；Sc:0.3～0.6wt％；Zr:0.1～0.3wt％；Ti:0.1～0.15％；Si:0.2～0.28wt％；Mn:0.3～0.5％；Mg:0.3～0.5wt％；Cu:0.2～0.3wt％；其余为Al。本发明的3D打印Al-Fe合金是一种超饱和固溶体,Fe元素几乎全部溶解于Al的晶格中,Fe元素的固溶度最大能达到5.5wt％,解决了传统Al-Fe合金无法超饱和固溶的难题,比现有熔炼铸造和锻造制备的Al-Fe合金的力学性能好,屈服强度高,各向异性低。(The invention discloses a high-strength Al-Fe-Sc alloy for laser additive manufacturing; the preparation method of the high-strength Al-Fe-Sc alloy for laser additive manufacturing comprises the steps of weighing raw materials according to component proportions to prepare a mixture, and carrying out vacuum melting and argon atomization; wherein the raw material is 2.5-5.5 wt% of Fe by mass; 0.3 to 0.6 wt% of Sc; 0.1-0.3 wt% of Zr; 0.1 to 0.15 percent of Ti; 0.2 to 0.28 wt% of Si; 0.3 to 0.5 percent of Mn; 0.3 to 0.5 wt% of Mg; 0.2 to 0.3 wt% of Cu; the balance being Al. The 3D printed Al-Fe alloy is a supersaturated solid solution, the Fe element is almost completely dissolved in the crystal lattice of Al, the solid solubility of the Fe element can reach 5.5 wt% to the maximum, the problem that the traditional Al-Fe alloy cannot be supersaturated and dissolved is solved, and the Al-Fe alloy prepared by the method has better mechanical property, high yield strength and low anisotropy compared with the Al-Fe alloy prepared by the conventional smelting casting and forging.)

1. A preparation method of high-strength Al-Fe-Sc alloy for laser additive manufacturing is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the steps of (a) preparing a mixture of a plurality of raw materials,

weighing raw materials according to the component ratio to prepare a mixture, and carrying out vacuum melting and argon atomization;

wherein the raw material is 2.5-5.5 wt% of Fe by mass; 0.3 to 0.6 wt% of Sc; 0.1-0.3 wt% of Zr; 0.1 to 0.15 percent of Ti; 0.2 to 0.28 wt% of Si; 0.3 to 0.5 percent of Mn; 0.3 to 0.5 wt% of Mg; 0.2 to 0.3 wt% of Cu; the balance being Al.

2. The method for preparing the high-strength Al-Fe-Sc alloy for laser additive manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: under the conditions of rapid cooling typical of 3D printing,

the addition of Fe element can form a long-range ordered periodic structure, play a role in strengthening and toughening, play a role in solid solution strengthening, reduce the stacking fault energy of the alloy and form high-density stacking faults and twin crystals;

fe and Mn form intermetallic compounds, which hinder the growth of crystal grains in the printing process;

si and Mg form eutectic and strengthening phases, simultaneously the solidification temperature range of the alloy is reduced, the cracking sensitivity of the alloy in the solidification later period in the printing process is reduced, the stacking fault energy of the alloy is reduced, and high-density stacking faults and twin crystals are formed;

ti element forming TiAl₃The phase is used as a core during crystallization and plays a role in refining and melting pool organization;

mg element can form supersaturated solid solution, greatly improve the effect of solid solution strength, and form intermetallic compounds with Al element to control the recrystallization process, refine crystal grains and reduce the sensitivity of cracks.

3. The method for preparing the high-strength Al-Fe-Sc alloy used for laser additive manufacturing according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the vacuum smelting is carried out, wherein the smelting temperature is 600-850 ℃, and the air pressure in a smelting furnace is 0.5-0.6 MPa; atomizing to prepare powder, wherein the gas atomization pressure is 7-8.5 MPa; the drying treatment is carried out at the temperature of 90 ℃ for 8 hours; the raw materials comprise one or more of component elements and intermediate alloys.

4. The special powder obtained by the preparation method of the high-strength Al-Fe-Sc alloy for laser additive manufacturing according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the special powder is obtained by the following steps: the average particle diameter is 15 to 53 μm.

5. Use of the specialty powder of claim 4, wherein: and 3D printing is carried out by using the special powder, and a printed product is obtained by heat treatment and heat preservation annealing.

6. Use of the specialty powder according to claim 5, wherein: the heat treatment temperature is 300-325 ℃, the heating speed is 50 ℃/min, the heat preservation time is 3-4 h, and Si and Al are added in the heat treatment process₃Zr/Al₃The precipitation of Sc and the like generates precipitation strengthening and dispersion strengthening effects, the grain size is stabilized in the heat treatment process, and cracks are inhibited.

7. Use of the specialty powder according to claim 5, wherein: the parameters of the 3D printing are,

the laser power is 300-400W; the scanning speed is 800-1200 mm/s; the scanning distance is 0.05-0.1 mm; the thickness of the scanning layer is 0.03-0.05 mm; the powder feeding rate is 1205.76-2110.08 mm³And/min, wherein the flow of the powder feeding gas is 5-10L/min.

8. Use of the specialty powder according to claim 5, wherein: and during 3D printing, the heating temperature of the substrate is increased to 250-300 ℃.

9. Use of the specialty powder according to claims 5-8, wherein: the density of the obtained printed part reaches 99 percent, and the average hardness reaches 160HV_0.2The tensile strength exceeds 498Mpa, the structure is fine and uniform, the density is high, the anisotropy is low, and the corrosion resistance and the high-temperature oxidation resistance are excellent.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of materials special for additive manufacturing, and particularly relates to a high-strength Al-Fe-Sc alloy for laser additive manufacturing.

Background

The Al-Fe alloy has high strength, excellent weldability, erosion resistance and thermal shock resistance, low cracking sensitivity, brazeability, low cost and good mechanical property at high temperature, and can be widely applied to building materials, automobiles, machine manufacturing, aluminum intermediate alloys of ships and chemical industry. This alloy has high quenching sensitivity and cannot be hardened by quenching treatment, and a work hardening method is generally used to obtain good mechanical properties. To date, such alloy articles have been predominantly produced by conventional methods: after smelting and casting, a casting blank obtained is formed by processing methods such as rolling, extrusion, forging and the like, and alloy products prepared by the methods have the following problems:

(1) the traditional method can not prepare the Al-Fe supersaturated solid solution. Because of the great difference in lattice structures of Fe and Al, the solid solubility of iron in aluminum in the traditional Al-Fe is low, and the content of Fe element is only about 0.1-0.2%, but the 3D printing Al-Fe alloy is a supersaturated solid solution, under the condition of rapidly-cooled unbalanced solidification, the Fe element is almost completely dissolved in the lattice of Al, and can reach 5.5 wt% to the maximum extent, so that the problem that the traditional fusion casting method can not prepare the saturated Al-Fe solid solution is solved.

(2) The traditional method has multiple preparation processes, and comprises multiple links of melt purification, modification treatment, casting blank forming, processing and forming, surface treatment and the like. Each link has many control factors, and the preparation difficulty is increased.

(3) The traditional production and processing method can not manufacture alloy products with complex shapes, and has the advantages of low yield, high cost, low finished product rate and high processing cost.

With the rapid development of industries such as automobiles, various structural members are being transformed to be small, light, high in performance and the like, which puts higher demands on the preparation of the structural members. The laser 3D printing can solve the problem that the Al-Fe alloy is difficult to form into a complex shape. The Al-Fe alloy has higher strength and corrosion resistance than the existing mature Al-Si additive manufacturing alloy. If the traditional Al-Fe alloy is directly subjected to laser 3D printing, the problems of poor mechanical property, easiness in cracking and the like of a product can be caused, and in order to adapt to the dynamic metallurgy of the 3D printing and improve the performance of the prefabricated aluminum alloy, an Al-Fe alloy formula, a printing process and a heat treatment process specially suitable for the 3D printing need to be invented.

Disclosure of Invention

This section is for the purpose of summarizing some aspects of embodiments of the invention and to briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. In this section, as well as in the abstract and the title of the invention of this application, simplifications or omissions may be made to avoid obscuring the purpose of the section, the abstract and the title, and such simplifications or omissions are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned technical drawbacks.

Accordingly, in one aspect of the present invention, the present invention overcomes the deficiencies of the prior art and provides a high strength Al-Fe-Sc alloy that can be used for laser additive manufacturing.

The invention overcomes the defects in the existing Al-Fe alloy 3D printing technology and provides a preparation method of a high-strength Al-Fe-Sc alloy for laser additive manufacturing, which comprises the steps of weighing raw materials according to component proportion to prepare a mixture, and carrying out vacuum melting and argon atomization; wherein the raw material is 2.5-5.5 wt% of Fe by mass; 0.3 to 0.6 wt% of Sc; 0.1-0.3 wt% of Zr; 0.1 to 0.15 percent of Ti; 0.2 to 0.28 wt% of Si; 0.3 to 0.5 percent of Mn; 0.3 to 0.5 wt% of Mg; 0.2 to 0.3 wt% of Cu; the balance being Al.

As a preferable scheme of the preparation method of the high-strength Al-Fe-Sc alloy for laser additive manufacturing, according to the present invention, wherein: under the condition of special rapid cooling of 3D printing, the addition of the Fe element enables a long-range ordered periodic structure to be formed, the effect of strengthening and toughening is achieved, meanwhile, the effect of solid solution strengthening can be achieved, the stacking fault energy of the alloy is reduced, and high-density stacking faults and twin crystals are formed; fe and Mn elementsForming intermetallic compounds which hinder the growth of crystal grains in the printing process; si and Mg form eutectic and strengthening phases, simultaneously the solidification temperature range of the alloy is reduced, the cracking sensitivity of the alloy in the solidification later period in the printing process is reduced, the stacking fault energy of the alloy is reduced, and high-density stacking faults and twin crystals are formed; ti element forming TiAl₃The phase is used as a core during crystallization and plays a role in refining and melting pool organization; mg element can form supersaturated solid solution, greatly improve the effect of solid solution strength, and form intermetallic compounds with Al element to control the recrystallization process, refine crystal grains and reduce the sensitivity of cracks.

As a preferable scheme of the preparation method of the high-strength Al-Fe-Sc alloy for laser additive manufacturing, according to the present invention, wherein: the vacuum smelting is carried out, wherein the smelting temperature is 600-850 ℃, and the air pressure in a smelting furnace is 0.5-0.6 MPa; atomizing to prepare powder, wherein the gas atomization pressure is 7-8.5 MPa; the drying treatment is carried out at the temperature of 90 ℃ for 8 hours; the raw materials comprise one or more of component elements and intermediate alloys.

As another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a special powder obtained by a method for preparing a high-strength Al-Fe-Sc alloy that can be used for laser additive manufacturing, wherein: the average particle diameter is 15 to 53 μm.

As another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a use of a specialty powder, which is: and 3D printing is carried out by using the special powder, and a printed product is obtained by heat treatment and heat preservation annealing.

As a preferred solution for the application of the special powder according to the invention, wherein: the heat treatment temperature is 300-325 ℃, the heating speed is 50 ℃/min, the heat preservation time is 3-4 h, and Si and Al are added in the heat treatment process₃Zr/Al₃The precipitation of Sc and the like generates precipitation strengthening and dispersion strengthening effects, the grain size is stabilized in the heat treatment process, and cracks are inhibited.

As a preferred solution for the application of the special powder according to the invention, wherein: the 3D printing parameters are that the laser power is 300-400W; the scanning speed is 800-1200 mm/s; the scanning distance is 0.05-0.1 mm; scanning the layer thickness:0.03-0.05 mm; the powder feeding rate is 1205.76-2110.08 mm³And/min, wherein the flow of the powder feeding gas is 5-10L/min.

As a preferred solution for the application of the special powder according to the invention, wherein: and during 3D printing, the heating temperature of the substrate is increased to 250-300 ℃.

As a preferred solution for the application of the special powder according to the invention, wherein: the density of the obtained printed part reaches 99 percent, and the average hardness reaches 160HV_0.2The tensile strength exceeds 498Mpa, the structure is fine and uniform, the density is high, the anisotropy is low, and the corrosion resistance and the high-temperature oxidation resistance are excellent.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1) the 3D printing Al-Fe alloy is a supersaturated solid solution, the Fe element is almost completely dissolved in the crystal lattice of Al, the solid solubility of the Fe element can reach 5.5 wt% to the maximum, and the problem that the traditional Al-Fe alloy cannot be supersaturated and solid-dissolved is solved.

2) The part of the Al-Fe supersaturated solid solution component after laser 3D printing has excellent mechanical property at high temperature, low metallurgical defect, high density, high thermal stability and lasting strength, and has better mechanical property, high yield strength and low anisotropy compared with the Al-Fe alloy prepared by the existing smelting casting and forging.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without inventive exercise. Wherein:

FIG. 1 is a sample of Al-Fe supersaturated solid solution printed in example 13D;

FIG. 2 is a phase diagram of 3D printed Al-Fe supersaturated solid solution gold prepared in example 1;

FIG. 3 is a graph of a 3D printed Al-Fe supersaturated solid solution powder morphology used in example 1, wherein a) is the 3D printed Al-Fe supersaturated solid solution powder morphology with a scale bar of 200 microns, b) is an enlarged view of the 3D printed Al-Fe supersaturated solid solution powder morphology with a scale bar of 20 microns;

FIG. 4 is the corroded morphology of the 3D printed Al-Fe supersaturated solid solution powder used in example 1, a) is the corroded morphology of the 3D printed Al-Fe supersaturated solid solution powder, and the scale bar is 50 micrometers, b) is the corroded enlarged view of the 3D printed Al-Fe supersaturated solid solution powder, and the scale bar is 20 micrometers;

FIG. 5 is a feature map of the distribution of elements of the 3D-printed Al-Fe supersaturated solid solution prepared in example 1, wherein a) is a side back-scattering map of the 3D-printed Al-Fe supersaturated solid solution part, b) is a distribution feature of Fe elements in the 3D-printed Al-Fe alloy, c) is a distribution feature of Zr elements in the 3D-printed Al-Fe alloy, D) is a distribution feature of Mg elements in the 3D-printed Al-Fe alloy, and e) is a distribution feature of Sc elements in the 3D-printed Al-Fe alloy.

Detailed Description

In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with examples are described in detail below.

In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described and will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and therefore the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

Furthermore, reference herein to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one implementation of the invention. The appearances of the phrase "in one embodiment" in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments.

Example 1:

the SLM printing Al-Fe supersaturated solid solution comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5.5 wt% of Fe; 0.6 percent of Sc; 0.3 wt% of Zr; 0.15 percent of Ti; 0.28 wt% of Si; 0.3 percent of Mn; 0.5 wt% of Mg; 0.3 wt% of Cu; the balance being Al.

The preparation method of the 3D printing Al-Fe supersaturated solid solution powder comprises the following steps of vacuum melting, and then adopting argon atomization to prepare powder: the smelting temperature is 850 ℃, and the air pressure in the smelting furnace is 0.6 MPa; then, the metal molten drops are atomized by adopting argon as a medium, and the atomization pressure is 8.5 MPa. The prepared powder is spherical in particle shape, 15-53 mu m of powder is sieved out, and the powder can be used for SLM printing.

Drying the screened powder at 90 ℃ for 8 hours in a vacuum drying oven, and heating the substrate to 300 ℃ during printing.

The 3D printing aluminum alloy powder optical fiber laser SLM printing process comprises the steps of enabling laser power to be 400W; the scanning speed is 800 mm/s; the scanning distance is 0.1 mm; the thickness of the scanning layer is 0.05 mm; the powder feeding speed is 1205.76-2110.08 mm3/min, and the powder feeding gas flow is 5-10L/min.

Carrying out heat treatment: the heat treatment temperature is 325 ℃, the heating speed is 50 ℃/min, and the heat preservation time is 4 h; through mechanical property tests of parts, the compactness reaches 99%, the tensile strength exceeds 489MPa, and the average hardness is 160HV_0.2The above.

The 3D printing Al-Fe supersaturated solid solution sample is shown in figure 1, the prepared 3D printing Al-Fe supersaturated solid solution metallographic pattern is shown in figure 2, the Al-Fe supersaturated solid solution powder morphology is shown in figures 3 and 4, the electronic probe element distribution diagram is shown in figure 5, Fe obtained by the Fe element characteristic diagram is uniformly distributed in an Al matrix, and the highest solid solubility is 5.5%.

The laser 3D printing part with the components has the advantages that the printed part is high in size precision, fine in structure and free of segregation of the components; the composite performance is excellent, the yield stress is about 388MPa before annealing, the tensile strength exceeds 489MPa, the tensile performance is not reduced after annealing, a nano precipitated phase is generated to inhibit the growth of crystal grains and a submicron dispersed phase is generated, and the tensile strength reaches 510 MPa.

The part subjected to laser 3D printing of the alloy component has high tensile property and high elongation, wherein the elongation before annealing exceeds 3%, and the elongation after annealing is increased by more than 5%;

according to the part of the alloy component subjected to laser 3D printing, the heating temperature of the substrate is increased, the metallurgical defect is reduced, the density is higher, the mechanical property, particularly the yield strength, of the Al-Fe alloy prepared by the conventional technology is obviously improved, the yield strength of the Al-Fe alloy prepared by the conventional technology is only 101MPa at most, the yield strength can be improved but the tensile rate is reduced by increasing the Fe, and the tensile rate is only 0.9-1.5%. The part of the alloy component of the invention after laser 3D printing has low anisotropy, the alloy is compact and does not crack, and the problem of low mechanical property of the traditional Al-Fe alloy system is solved.

Example 2:

the SLM printing Al-Fe supersaturated solid solution comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5.5 wt% of Fe; 0.5 percent of Sc; 0.2 wt% of Zr; 0.15 percent of Ti; 0.28 wt% of Si; 0.3 percent of Mn; 0.5 wt% of Mg; 0.3 wt% of Cu; the balance being Al.

The preparation method of the 3D printing Al-Fe supersaturated solid solution powder comprises the following steps of vacuum melting, and then adopting argon atomization to prepare powder: the smelting temperature is 850 ℃, and the air pressure in the smelting furnace is 0.6 MPa; then, the metal molten drops are atomized by adopting argon as a medium, and the atomization pressure is 8.5 MPa. The prepared powder is spherical in particle shape, 15-53 mu m of powder is sieved out, and the powder can be used for SLM printing.

Drying the screened powder at 90 ℃ for 8 hours in a vacuum drying oven, and heating the substrate to 300 ℃ during printing.

The 3D printing aluminum alloy powder optical fiber laser SLM printing process comprises the steps of enabling laser power to be 400W; the scanning speed is 900 mm/s; the scanning distance is 0.1 mm; the thickness of the scanning layer is 0.05 mm; the powder feeding speed is 1205.76-2110.08 mm3/min, and the powder feeding gas flow is 5-10L/min.

Carrying out heat treatment: the heat treatment temperature is 325 ℃, the heating speed is 50 ℃/min, and the heat preservation time is 4 h; in a density test, the density reaches 98.5 percent, and the average hardness is 150HV_0.2Above, the yield strength is 350MPa, and the tensile strength exceeds 450 MPa.

Example 3:

the SLM printing Al-Fe supersaturated solid solution comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 2.0 wt% of Fe; 0.6 percent of Sc; 0.3 wt% of Zr; 0.15 percent of Ti; 0.28 wt% of Si; 0.2 percent of Mn; 0.3 wt% of Mg; 0.3 wt% of Cu; the balance being Al.

The preparation method of the 3D printing Al-Fe supersaturated solid solution powder comprises the following steps of vacuum melting, and then adopting argon atomization to prepare powder: the smelting temperature is 850 ℃, and the air pressure in the smelting furnace is 0.6 MPa; then, the metal molten drops are atomized by adopting argon as a medium, and the atomization pressure is 8.5 MPa. The prepared powder is spherical in particle shape, 15-53 mu m of powder is sieved out, and the powder can be used for SLM printing.

Drying the screened powder at 90 ℃ for 8 hours in a vacuum drying oven, and heating the substrate to 250 ℃ during printing.

The 3D printing aluminum alloy powder optical fiber laser SLM printing process comprises the steps of enabling laser power to be 400W; the scanning speed is 1000 mm/s; the scanning distance is 0.1 mm; the thickness of the scanning layer is 0.05 mm; the powder feeding speed is 1205.76-2110.08 mm3/min, and the powder feeding gas flow is 5-10L/min.

Carrying out heat treatment: the heat treatment temperature is 325 ℃, the heating speed is 50 ℃/min, and the heat preservation time is 4 h; through mechanical property tests of parts, the compactness reaches 97 percent, and the average hardness is only 130HV_0.2The yield strength is 310MPa, and the tensile strength is over 400 MPa.

Example 4:

the SLM printing Al-Fe supersaturated solid solution comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 2.0 wt% of Fe; 0.6 percent of Sc; 0.3 wt% of Zr; 0.15 percent of Ti; 0.2 wt% of Si; 0.2 percent of Mn; 0.3 wt% of Mg; 0.2 wt% of Cu; the balance being Al.

The preparation method of the 3D printing Al-Fe supersaturated solid solution powder comprises the following steps of vacuum melting, and then adopting argon atomization to prepare powder: the smelting temperature is 850 ℃, and the air pressure in the smelting furnace is 0.6 MPa; then, the metal molten drops are atomized by adopting argon as a medium, and the atomization pressure is 8.5 MPa. The prepared powder is spherical in particle shape, 15-53 mu m of powder is sieved out, and the powder can be used for SLM printing.

Drying the screened powder at 90 ℃ for 8 hours in a vacuum drying oven, and heating the substrate to 250 ℃ during printing.

The 3D printing aluminum alloy powder optical fiber laser SLM printing process comprises the steps of enabling laser power to be 400W; the scanning speed is 1200 mm/s; the scanning distance is 0.1 mm; the thickness of the scanning layer is 0.05 mm; the powder feeding speed is 1205.76-2110.08 mm3/min, and the powder feeding gas flow is 5-10L/min.

Carrying out heat treatment: the heat treatment temperature is 325 ℃, the heating speed is 50 ℃/min, the heat preservation time is 4h, the density is 95 percent, and the average hardness is only 120HV_0.2Above, the yield strength is 270MPa, and the tensile strength exceeds 350 MPa.

The invention relates to a method for preparing Al-Fe alloy by using a 3D printing method, which is characterized in that the Al-Fe alloy prepared by using the traditional technology has the problems of uneven structure, low component segregation strength and limited product applicability, and Sc, Zr, Mn, Mg, Si and Cu elements are added into the Al-Fe alloy in an innovative way, so that the multi-scale collaborative strengthening of the Al-Fe alloy is realized by using the 3D printing method.

In conclusion, the aluminum-iron supersaturated solid solution alloy is added with the elements Sc, Zr, Mn, Mg, Si and Cu in proper percentage, so that the cracking sensitivity of the 3D printed aluminum-chromium alloy is greatly reduced, the mechanical property at high temperature is excellent, the metallurgical defect is low, the density is high, and the high thermal stability and the lasting strength are realized. Wherein the trace amount of Sc and Zr is used for forming Al with low volume fraction₃The (Sc, Zr) nano phase obviously refines grains, and after heat treatment, the grains are dispersed in the matrix and completely coherent with the crystallography structure of the matrix, so that recrystallization can be effectively inhibited, and the alloy strength is improved, which is proved by the experimental results of the first example and the second example; the effect of adding Si and Cu is to form a submicron dispersed phase with high volume fraction, and because the dispersed phase has high thermal stability, the dispersion strengthening becomes an effective strengthening method, the alloy is particularly remarkable when being in a high-temperature environment, and the experimental results of the third example and the fourth example can prove; the added Mg and Mn form Al-Mg and Al-Mn and the matrix phase Al-Fe is a solid solution phase and plays a role in solid solution strengthening, which can be proved by experimental results of the first example and the third example, and the strengthening effect of the Fe element is dominant by experimental results of the second example and the third example. Therefore, the 3D printing Al-Fe supersaturated solid solution can be proved to improve the room temperature performance and the high temperature performance of the alloy through the synergistic effect of three strengthening mechanisms.

The high content of Fe element mainly plays a role in solid solution strengthening andthe alloy has reduced stacking fault energy and high-density stacking fault and twin crystal. Meanwhile, due to the fact that a long-range ordered periodic structure is formed in the non-equilibrium process of 3D printing, the toughening effect is achieved. The 3D printing Al-Fe alloy with the supersaturated solid solution has excellent high-temperature performance and a complex part shape, and solves the problem that the traditional smelting and plastic processing method cannot prepare parts with ultrahigh and complex shapes of the supersaturated solid solution. The invention has the particularity that a certain amount of Sc, Zr, Ti and Si elements are added, and the content of Fe element is improved. Wherein Si promotes liquid phase compensation and improves strength at high temperature; zr element and Sc element can form low volume fraction Al with Al₃The (Sc, Zr) nano phase obviously refines crystal grains and improves the alloy strength; ti element promotes grain refinement and crack inhibition effect.

More importantly, the addition of the elements also has a synergistic effect, so that the mechanical property and plasticity of the 3D printing Al-Fe alloy are greatly improved. The Al-Fe supersaturated solid solution powder has excellent high-temperature mechanical properties of parts after laser 3D printing, low metallurgical defects, high density, high thermal stability and endurance strength, and higher mechanical properties, especially yield strength, yield stress of about 388MPa before annealing, tensile strength of over 489MPa and low anisotropy compared with Al-Fe alloy prepared by existing smelting casting and forging; the microhardness reaches 160Hv, the size precision of the printed part is high, the structure is fine, the components are free of segregation, and the comprehensive performance is excellent.

It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should be covered by the claims of the present invention.