阅读说明：本技术 直流电机的控制电路及应用其的电器设备 (Control circuit of direct current motor and electrical equipment applying control circuit ) 是由 李耀聪 潘叶江 于 2020-11-18 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了直流电机的控制电路及应用其的电器设备,其中,直流电机的控制电路包括控制模块、负反馈模块以及电机,所述控制模块与电机电连接用于控制电机的正反转,所述负反馈模块通过控制模块与电机电连接用于实现电机的稳定调速。本发明工作时,控制模块控制电机实现正反转,之后负反馈模块对电机进行稳定调速,其摒弃了传统的通过继电器控制电机的方式,因此摒弃机械寿命控制因素,增长使用寿命；另外,本发明的方案提高了开发人员的开发效率,缩短了开发周期,为产品的可靠性奠定了基础。(The invention discloses a control circuit of a direct current motor and electrical equipment applying the control circuit, wherein the control circuit of the direct current motor comprises a control module, a negative feedback module and a motor, the control module is electrically connected with the motor and used for controlling the positive and negative rotation of the motor, and the negative feedback module is electrically connected with the motor through the control module and used for realizing the stable speed regulation of the motor. When the speed regulation device works, the control module controls the motor to realize positive and negative rotation, and then the negative feedback module stably regulates the speed of the motor, so that the traditional mode of controlling the motor through a relay is abandoned, the mechanical service life control factor is abandoned, and the service life is prolonged; in addition, the scheme of the invention improves the development efficiency of developers, shortens the development period and lays a foundation for the reliability of products.)

1. The control circuit of the direct current motor is characterized by comprising a control module (1), a negative feedback module (2) and a motor (3), wherein the control module (1) is electrically connected with the motor (3) and used for controlling positive and negative rotation of the motor (3), and the negative feedback module (2) is electrically connected with the motor (3) through the control module (1) and used for realizing stable speed regulation of the motor.

2. The control circuit of a direct current motor according to claim 1, characterized in that the negative feedback module (2) comprises an operational amplifier L, the fifth pin of the operational amplifier L is connected with VREF voltage, one path of the sixth pin of the operational amplifier L is connected with the seventh pin of the operational amplifier L through a ninety-four resistor R94 and a ninety-seven capacitor C97 in sequence, the other path of the sixth pin of the operational amplifier L is grounded through a ninety-six capacitor C96, the seventh pin of the operational amplifier L is connected to the base of the twenty-second transistor Q22 through a ninth-thirteenth resistor R93, one path of the emitter of the twenty-second triode Q22 is connected with one end of the ninety-second resistor R92, the other path is grounded through the seventy-five resistor R75, the seventy-fifth resistor R75 is connected in parallel with the fifteenth resistor R15, and the other end of the ninety-second resistor R92 is connected in common with the ninety-sixth capacitor C96, the ninety-fourth resistor R94 and the sixth pin of the operational amplifier L; and the collector of the twenty-second triode Q22 is connected with the control module (1).

3. The control circuit of a direct current motor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the control module (1) comprises a left axle drive unit (11) and a right axle drive unit (12), the left axle drive unit (11) and the right axle drive unit (12) are electrically connected, and the left axle drive unit (11) and the right axle drive unit (12) are in a symmetrical structure.

4. The control circuit of the direct current motor according to claim 3, wherein the left bridge driving unit (11) includes a seventy-second resistor R72 and a seventy-fourth resistor R74, one end of the seventy-second resistor R72 and one end of the seventy-fourth resistor R74 are commonly connected to the signal terminal TG3, the other end of the seventy-second resistor R72 is respectively connected to a base of a fourth diode Q4 and one end of a seventy-third resistor R73, the other end of the seventy-fourth resistor R74 is connected to a base of a third diode Q3, a collector of the third diode Q3 is connected to one end of a seventy-resistor R70, an emitter of a fourth diode Q4 and a gate of a second FET U2, the other end of the seventy-resistor R70 is connected to one end of a seventy-first resistor R71 and a drain of a first FET U1, and a gate of the first FET U1 is connected to a collector of a fourth FET Q4, The other end of the seventy-first resistor R71 is connected, the first field effect transistor U1 is connected with the second field effect transistor U2, and the other end of the seventy-third resistor R73 and the emitter of the third diode Q3 are both grounded.

5. The control circuit of the direct current motor according to claim 4, wherein the right bridge driving unit (12) includes an eighteenth resistor R18 and a seventy-sixth resistor R76, one end of the eighteenth resistor R18 and one end of the seventy-sixth resistor R76 are commonly connected to the signal terminal TG4, the other end of the eighteenth resistor R18 is respectively connected to the base of a fifth diode Q5 and one end of a nineteenth resistor R19, the other end of the seventy-sixth resistor R76 is connected to the base of a twelfth diode Q12, the collector of the twelfth diode Q12 is connected to one end of a seventeenth resistor R17, the emitter of the fifth diode Q5 and the gate of a fourth field-effect transistor U4, the other end of the seventeenth resistor R17 is connected to one end of a sixteenth resistor R16 and the drain of a third field-effect transistor U3, and the gate of the third field-effect transistor U3 is connected to the collector of the fifth diode Q5, The other end of the sixteenth resistor R16 is connected, the third field effect transistor U3 is connected with the fourth field effect transistor U4, and the other end of the nineteenth resistor R19 and the emitter of the twelfth diode Q12 are both grounded.

6. The control circuit of the DC motor of claim 5, wherein the drain of the first FET U1 is connected to the drain of the third FET U3 and then connected to VCC.

7. The control circuit of the DC motor according to claim 6, wherein one end of the motor (3) is connected to the source of the first FET U1, the drain of the second FET U2, and the other end is connected to the source of the third FET U3, the drain of the fourth FET U4.

8. The control circuit of the dc motor of claim 6, wherein the models of the fourth diode Q4, the third diode Q3, the fifth diode Q5 and the twelfth diode Q12 are: s8050.

9. The control circuit of the direct current motor according to claim 8, wherein the first fet U1, the second fet U2, the third fet U3 and the fourth fet U4 are each of a type: NCE 4606.

10. An electric appliance, characterized in that the electric appliance comprises a control circuit of the direct current motor as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9 and an electric appliance body, wherein the control circuit is used for driving the electric appliance body to work.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of motor driving, and particularly relates to a control circuit of a direct current motor and electrical equipment using the control circuit.

Background

In the market, a drive control circuit of a direct current motor generally adopts a reversible phase circuit of a double relay or a full bridge circuit controlled by a single chip microcomputer.

The driving control circuit has the advantages of simple external element, large driving current and the like, so the driving control circuit is widely adopted by the market; but it has the following disadvantages at the same time: short service life (mainly depending on the mechanical life of a relay), damage of peak voltage in the process of switching on and switching off the motor, no short-circuit protection, self-locking function of the motor, high cost, low efficiency and the like; in the past, research and development personnel or enterprises neglect innovation and improvement of the part of application due to ink conservation and formation rules and technical improvement limitation, and directly cause objective phenomena such as low product reliability, high development process cost, reduced brand quality and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a control circuit for a dc motor, which is low in cost and enables the speed of the motor to be adjustable.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an electrical appliance.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

the control circuit of the direct current motor comprises a control module, a negative feedback module and a motor, wherein the control module is electrically connected with the motor and used for controlling positive and negative rotation of the motor, and the negative feedback module is electrically connected with the motor through the control module and used for realizing stable speed regulation of the motor.

Preferably, the negative feedback module includes an operational amplifier L, a fifth pin of the operational amplifier L is connected to the VREF voltage, one path of a sixth pin of the operational amplifier L is connected to a seventh pin of the operational amplifier L through a ninety-fourth resistor R94 and a ninety-seventh capacitor C97 in sequence, the other path of the sixth pin of the operational amplifier L is grounded through a ninety-sixteenth capacitor C96, a seventh pin of the operational amplifier L is connected to a base of a twenty-second triode Q22 through a ninety-thirteen resistor R93, one path of an emitter of the twenty-second triode Q22 is connected to one end of a ninety-second resistor R92, the other path of the emitter of the twenty-second triode Q22 is grounded through a seventy-fifth resistor R75, the seventy-fifth resistor R75 is connected to a fifteenth resistor R15 in parallel, and the other end of the ninety-second resistor R92 is connected to the ninety-sixth capacitor C96, the fourth resistor R94 and the; and the collector of the twenty-second triode Q22 is connected with the control module.

Preferably, the control module comprises a left axle driving unit and a right axle driving unit, the left axle driving unit is electrically connected with the right axle driving unit, and the left axle driving unit and the right axle driving unit are in symmetrical structures.

Preferably, the left axle driving unit includes a seventy-second resistor R72 and a seventy-fourth resistor R74, one end of the seventy-second resistor R72 and one end of the seventy-fourth resistor R74 are connected in common with the signal terminal TG3, the other end of the seventy-second resistor R72 is connected to a base of the fourth diode Q4 and one end of the seventy-third resistor R73, respectively, the other end of the seventy-fourth resistor R74 is connected to a base of the third diode Q3, a collector of the third diode Q3 is connected to one end of the seventy-resistor R70, an emitter of the fourth diode Q4 and a gate of the second field effect transistor U2, the other end of the seventy-fourth resistor R70 is connected to one end of the seventy-first resistor R71 and a drain of the first field effect transistor U1, a gate of the first field effect transistor U1 is connected to a collector of the fourth diode Q4 and the other end of the seventy-first resistor R2, the other end of the seventy-three resistor R73 and the emitter of the third diode Q3 are both grounded.

Preferably, the right bridge driving unit includes an eighteenth resistor R18 and a seventy-sixth resistor R76, one end of the eighteenth resistor R18 and one end of the seventy-sixth resistor R76 are connected to the signal terminal TG4, the other end of the eighteenth resistor R18 is connected to the base of the fifth diode Q5 and one end of the nineteenth resistor R19, respectively, the other end of the seventy-sixth resistor R76 is connected to the base of the twelfth diode Q12, the collector of the twelfth diode Q12 is connected to one end of a seventeenth resistor R17, the emitter of the fifth diode Q5 and the gate of the fourth fet U4, the other end of the seventeenth resistor R17 is connected to one end of the sixteenth resistor R16 and the drain of the third fet U3, the gate of the third fet U3 is connected to the collector of the fifth diode Q5 and the other end of the sixteenth resistor R16, and the third fet U3 is connected to the fourth fet 4, the other end of the nineteenth resistor R19 and the emitter of the twelfth diode Q12 are both grounded.

Preferably, the drain of the first fet U1 is connected to the drain of the third fet U3 and then connected to VCC.

Preferably, one end of the motor is connected with the source electrode of the first field effect transistor U1 and the drain electrode of the second field effect transistor U2, and the other end of the motor is connected with the source electrode of the third field effect transistor U3 and the drain electrode of the fourth field effect transistor U4.

Preferably, the models of the fourth diode Q4, the third diode Q3, the fifth diode Q5 and the twelfth diode Q12 are: s8050.

Preferably, the first fet U1, the second fet U2, the third fet U3 and the fourth fet U4 are all of the following types: NCE 4606.

The electric appliance equipment comprises the control circuit of the direct current motor and an electric appliance body, wherein the control circuit is used for driving the electric appliance body to work.

Compared with the prior art, the speed regulation device has the advantages that when the speed regulation device works, the control module controls the motor to realize positive and negative rotation, then the negative feedback module stably regulates the speed of the motor, and the traditional mode of controlling the motor through a relay is abandoned, so that the mechanical service life control factor is abandoned, and the service life is prolonged; in addition, the scheme of the invention improves the development efficiency of developers, shortens the development period and lays a foundation for the reliability of products.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram of a control circuit of a dc motor according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Description of the reference numerals

1. The control module 2 is a negative feedback module 3 is a motor 11, a left axle driving unit 12 and a right axle driving unit 12.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

Example 1

The embodiment of the invention provides a control circuit of a direct current motor, which comprises a control module 1, a negative feedback module 2 and a motor 3, wherein the control module 1 is electrically connected with the motor 3 and is used for controlling the positive and negative rotation of the motor 3, and the negative feedback module 2 is electrically connected with the motor 3 through the control module 1 and is used for realizing the stable speed regulation of the motor;

like this, control module 1 control motor 3 realizes just reversing, and negative feedback module 2 carries out stable speed governing to motor 3 afterwards, and it has abandoned traditional mode through relay control motor, has consequently abandoned mechanical life's control factor, increases life.

The negative feedback module 2 comprises an operational amplifier L, a fifth pin of the operational amplifier L is connected with VREF voltage, one path of a sixth pin of the operational amplifier L is connected with a seventh pin of the operational amplifier L through a ninety-fourth resistor R94 and a ninety-seventh capacitor C97 in sequence, the other path of the sixth pin of the operational amplifier L is grounded through a ninety-sixteenth capacitor C96, a seventh pin of the operational amplifier L is connected with a base of a twenty-second triode Q22 through a ninety-thirteen resistor R93, one path of an emitter of the twenty-second triode Q22 is connected with one end of a ninety-second resistor R92, the other path of the emitter of the twenty-second triode Q22 is grounded through a seventy-fifth resistor R75, the seventy-fifth resistor R75 is connected with a fifteenth resistor R15 in parallel, and the other end of the ninety-second resistor R92 is connected with a ninety-sixth capacitor C96, a ninety-fourth resistor R94; the collector of the twenty-second triode Q22 is connected with the control module 1;

in a specific embodiment, the type of the operational amplifier L is: LM 2904;

thus, by adopting the negative feedback module 2, the output end of the operational amplifier L drives the base current of the twenty-second triode Q22, so as to control the collector current of the twenty-second triode Q22, and further realize stable control of the current of the motor 3;

specifically, the method comprises the following steps: i _ CN2 ═ IC _ Q22;

in the above equation, I _ CN2 is the current of the motor 3, and IC _ Q22 is the current of the collector of the twenty-second transistor Q22.

Control module 1 includes left axle drive unit 11 and right axle drive unit 12, left side axle drive unit 11 and right axle drive unit 12 electricity are connected, just left side axle drive unit 11 and right axle drive unit 12 are symmetrical structure.

The left bridge driving unit 11 includes a seventy-second resistor R72 and a seventy-fourth resistor R74, one end of the seventy-second resistor R72 and one end of the seventy-fourth resistor R74 are commonly connected to the signal terminal TG3, the other end of the seventy-second resistor R72 is respectively connected to a base of a fourth diode Q4 and one end of a seventy-third resistor R73, the other end of the seventy-fourth resistor R74 is connected to a base of a third diode Q3, a collector of the third diode Q3 is connected to one end of the seventy-first resistor R70, an emitter of the fourth diode Q4 and a gate of the second fet U2, the other end of the seventy-fourth resistor R70 is connected to one end of the seventy-first resistor R71 and a drain of the first fet U1, a gate of the first fet U1 is connected to a collector of the fourth diode Q4 and the other end of the seventy-first resistor R395, and the first fet U5857324 is connected to the second fet 5857324, the other end of the seventy-three resistor R73 and the emitter of the third diode Q3 are both grounded.

The right bridge driving unit 12 includes an eighteenth resistor R18 and a seventy-sixth resistor R76, one end of the eighteenth resistor R18 and one end of the seventy-sixth resistor R76 are connected to the signal terminal TG4, the other end of the eighteenth resistor R18 is connected to a base of a fifth diode Q5 and one end of a nineteenth resistor R19, the other end of the seventy-sixth resistor R76 is connected to a base of a twelfth diode Q12, a collector of the twelfth diode Q12 is connected to one end of a seventeenth resistor R17, an emitter of a fifth diode Q5, and a gate of a fourth fet U4, the other end of the seventeenth resistor R17 is connected to one end of a sixteenth resistor R16 and a drain of a third fet U3, a gate of the third fet U3 is connected to a collector of the fifth diode Q5 and the other end of a sixteenth resistor R16, and the third fet U3 is connected to a fourth fet U4, the other end of the nineteenth resistor R19 and the emitter of the twelfth diode Q12 are both grounded.

The drain electrode of the first field effect tube U1 is connected with the drain electrode of the third field effect tube U3 and then is connected with VCC;

in a specific embodiment, the VCC is 12V;

thus, when the motor 3 is turned off, a huge peak voltage is generated because the magnetic field of the motor cannot suddenly change, and at the moment, magnetic field energy is stored into the VCC _12V power supply through the body diodes in the field effect transistors in the left axle driving unit 11 and the right axle driving unit 12, so that the efficiency is improved.

One end of the motor 3 is connected with the source electrode of the first field effect transistor U1 and the drain electrode of the second field effect transistor U2, and the other end is connected with the source electrode of the third field effect transistor U3 and the drain electrode of the fourth field effect transistor U4.

The models of the fourth diode Q4, the third diode Q3, the fifth diode Q5 and the twelfth diode Q12 are as follows: s8050.

The types of the first field-effect tube U1, the second field-effect tube U2, the third field-effect tube U3 and the fourth field-effect tube U4 are as follows: NCE 4606.

The control circuit of the direct current motor provided by the embodiment can realize the following functions:

firstly, the short-circuit protection function is realized, specifically:

at the moment of power-on, when the signal end TG3 and the signal end TG4 are in a high-level state at the same time, the third diode Q3, the fourth diode Q4, the fifth diode Q5 and the twelfth diode Q12 are turned on at the same time, the first field-effect tube U1 and the third field-effect tube U3 are turned on at the same time, the second field-effect tube U2 and the fourth field-effect tube U4 are turned off at the same time, the risk of short circuit of the first field-effect tube U1, the second field-effect tube U2, the third field-effect tube U3 and the fourth field-effect tube U4 is successfully avoided, and the safe operation of the VCC _12V power supply and the control module is realized;

at the moment of power-on, when the signal terminal TG3 and the signal terminal TG4 are in a low-level state at the same time, the third diode Q3, the fourth diode Q4, the fifth diode Q5 and the twelfth diode Q12 are turned off at the same time, the first field-effect tube U1 and the third field-effect tube U3 are turned off at the same time, the second field-effect tube U2 and the fourth field-effect tube U4 are turned on at the same time, the risk of short circuit of the first field-effect tube U1, the second field-effect tube U2, the third field-effect tube U3 and the fourth field-effect tube U4 is also successfully avoided, and the safe operation of the VCC _12V power supply and the control module is realized.

Secondly, have motor 3 auto-lock protect function, specifically do:

when the control signals TG3 and TG4 are output in normal operation, the motor 3 is conducted simultaneously through the first field effect tube U1, the fourth field effect tube U4 or the second field effect tube U2 and the third field effect tube U3, when the load carried by the motor 3 is turned on or turned off in place (the load can be a turning plate of the range hood), the control signals TG3 and TG4 are changed to be low level simultaneously after the detection of 'PU _ I' (the current signal of the motor 3) judges that the current signal exceeds the threshold value, at the moment, the third diode Q3, the fourth diode Q4, the fifth diode Q5 and the twelfth diode Q12 are turned off simultaneously, the first field effect tube U1 and the third field effect tube U3 are turned off simultaneously, the second field effect tube U2 and the fourth field effect tube U4 are turned on simultaneously, two short-circuit terminals of the motor 3 are equivalent to connecting the motor 3 with an infinite load, if the motor 3 abnormally rotates the closed loop current of the motor itself infinitely large, and cuts the magnetic induction line to block the, thus, a self-locking function can be realized.

In addition, still have the function that motor 3 closed the energy storage, specifically be:

when the motor 3 is turned off, a huge peak voltage is generated because the magnetic field of the motor cannot suddenly change, and at the moment, magnetic field energy is stored into a VCC _12V power supply through body diodes in field effect transistors in the left axle driving unit 11 and the right axle driving unit 12, so that the efficiency is improved.

The principle of controlling the motor 3 to stably regulate the speed by the control circuit of the dc motor provided by the embodiment is as follows:

providing the input of the same phase end of the operational amplifier L through the increase and decrease of the VREF voltage; when the VREF voltage is increased, the current of the motor 3 is increased, and the speed of the motor 3 is increased; when the VREF voltage is reduced, the current of the motor 3 is reduced, and the speed of the motor is reduced;

according to the virtual short and virtual break principle of the operational amplifier L, the following results are obtained:

IE_Q22≈IC_Q22≈I_R75//R15≈I_CN2；

in the above formula, IE _ Q22 is the current of the emitter of the twenty-second transistor Q22, IC _ Q22 is the current of the collector of the twenty-second transistor Q22, I _ R75// R15 is the current after the seventy-fifth resistor R75 and the fifteenth resistor R15 are connected in parallel, and I _ CN2 is the current of the motor 3;

the current of the motor 3 is determined.

The present embodiment realizes negative feedback constant current output by the following processes:

assuming that the output voltage VOUT fluctuates up, there are:

VOUT↑→I_CN2↑→IC_Q22↑→I_R75//R15↑→V_R75//R15↑→Δ(V+_IC2A-V-_IC2A)↓→IB_Q22↓→IC_Q22↓→I_CN2↓；

where Δ (V + _ IC2A-V- _ IC2A) is the difference between the operational amplifier L and the inverted voltage.

The embodiment abandons the factor of mechanical life control and prolongs the service life; in addition, the energy remained in the motor after the motor is closed is stored, and the energy consumption efficiency is improved;

in addition, the motor short circuit protection function caused by the abnormality of the controller is added, and the reliable work of the motor is ensured;

in addition, the embodiment also realizes the self-locking function of the motor limit, and prevents the motor from sliding abnormally.

Example 2

The embodiment 2 of the invention provides electrical equipment which comprises the control circuit of the direct current motor in the embodiment 1 and an electrical appliance body, wherein the control circuit is used for driving the electrical appliance body to work.

The electrical equipment can be a range hood, and the control circuit of the direct current motor is mainly used for controlling the motor, so that the motor opens or closes the turning plate of the range hood.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.