Metal cleaning composition comprising furoate ester and use thereof
阅读说明：本技术 包含糠酸酯的金属清洁组合物及其用途 (Metal cleaning composition comprising furoate ester and use thereof ) 是由 迈克尔·法提加蒂 威廉·法隆 罗西奥·里瓦拉 道奈尔·豪普特 大卫·麦克里瑞 德文·维普 于 2019-01-18 设计创作，主要内容包括：公开了金属清洁制剂和使用方法。本教导的制剂包含一种或多种糠酸酯,如5-甲基-2-糠酸乙酯和5-甲基-2-糠酸甲酯。制剂还包含基础油,基础油例如可以是环烷油、合成油或其组合。在一些实施方案中,制剂可进一步包含金属保护添加剂和润滑添加剂。多种基础油、金属保护添加剂和润滑添加剂适用于本教导。本教导的制剂特别适用于诸如枪支的金属产品的清洁。本教导的制剂的清洁能力能超过美国军事规范所要求的清洁能力。(Metal cleaning formulations and methods of use are disclosed. The formulations of the present teachings comprise one or more esters of furoic acid, such as ethyl 5-methyl-2-furoate and methyl 5-methyl-2-furoate. The formulation also includes a base oil, which may be, for example, a naphthenic oil, a synthetic oil, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the formulation may further comprise metal protection additives and lubricity additives. A variety of base oils, metal protection additives, and lubricity additives are suitable for use in the present teachings. The formulations of the present teachings are particularly useful for cleaning of metal products such as firearms. The cleaning ability of the formulations of the present teachings can exceed that required by U.S. military regulations.)
1. A metal cleaner comprising:
i)20 to 70 wt% of at least one base oil; and
ii)3 to 60 wt% of at least one furoate ester.
2. The metal cleaner of claim 1, further comprising:
iii)0.1 to 15 wt% of at least one metal protection additive; and
iv)0.5 to 20 wt% of at least one lubricious additive.
3. The metal cleaner according to claim 1 or 2, wherein 20 wt% to 70 wt% of the at least one base oil is 20 wt% to 50 wt% of the at least one base oil.
4. The metal cleaner of claim 2, wherein 0.1 wt% to 20 wt% of the at least one metal protection additive is 0.1 wt% to 5 wt% of the at least one metal protection additive, and 0.5 wt% to 15 wt% of the at least one lubricity additive is 1 wt% to 15 wt% of the at least one lubricity additive.
5. The metal cleaner according to claim 1 or 2, wherein 20 to 70 wt% of the at least one base oil is 35 to 50 wt% of the at least one base oil, and 3 to 60 wt% of the at least one furoate ester is 10 to 40 wt% of the at least one furoate ester.
6. The metal cleaner of claim 2, wherein 0.1 wt% to 15 wt% of the at least one metal protection additive is 0.2 wt% to 5 wt% of the at least one metal protection additive, and 0.5 wt% to 20 wt% of the at least one lubricity additive is 1 wt% to 10 wt% of the at least one lubricity additive.
7. The metal cleaner according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the at least one base oil is selected from the group consisting of: naphthenic oils, synthetic oils, and combinations thereof.
8. The metal cleaner according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the at least one furoate ester is selected from the group consisting of: ethyl 5-methyl-2-furoate, methyl 5-methyl-2-furoate, and combinations thereof.
9. The metal cleaner according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the at least one furoate ester is ethyl 5-methyl-2-furoate.
10. The metal cleaner according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the at least one base oil is selected from the group consisting of: 22cSt naphthenic oil, 280cSt naphthenic oil, 16-17cSt polyalphaolefin oil, and combinations thereof.
11. The metal cleaner according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the at least one base oil is a 22cSt naphthenic oil.
12. The metal cleaner of any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the at least one base oil is a 16-17cSt polyalphaolefin oil.
13. The metal cleaner according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the at least one base oil is a combination of 22St naphthenic oil and 280St naphthenic oil.
14. The metal cleaner of any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the at least one base oil is a combination of 16-17cSt polyalphaolefin oil and 22cSt naphthenic oil.
15. The metal cleaner of any one of claims 2, 4, 6, wherein the at least one lubricious additive is selected from the group consisting of: alkyl amine phosphates, inert sulfurized olefins, sulfurized fatty acid esters, and combinations thereof.
16. The metal cleaner of any one of claims 2, 4, 6, wherein the at least one lubricity additive comprises an alkylphosphoramide ester.
17. The metal cleaner of any one of claims 2, 4, 6, wherein the at least one lubricity additive comprises an inert sulfurized olefin.
18. The metal cleaner of any one of claims 2, 4, 6, wherein the at least one lubricity additive comprises a sulfurized fatty acid ester.
19. The metal cleaner of any one of claims 2, 4, 6, or 15 to 18, wherein the at least one metal protection additive is selected from the group consisting of: triazole metal protectors, mixtures of amino acids and imidazoline derivatives, p-chlorobenzotrifluoride, at least one sulfonate-containing carrier oil, and combinations thereof.
20. The metal cleaner of any one of claims 2, 4, 6, or 15-19, wherein the at least one metal protection additive comprises a triazole metal protectant.
21. The metal cleaner of any one of claims 2, 4, 6, or 15 to 19, wherein the at least one metal protection additive comprises a mixture of amino acids and imidazoline derivatives.
22. The metal cleaner of any one of claims 2, 4, 6, or 15 to 19, wherein the at least one metal protection additive comprises p-chlorobenzotrifluoride.
23. The metal cleaner of any one of claims 2, 4, 6, or 15 to 19, wherein the at least one metal protection additive comprises at least one carrier oil comprising 2 wt% to 6 wt% of at least one sulfonate.
24. The metal cleaner of claim 23, wherein the at least one sulfonate is calcium dinonylnaphthalenesulfonate.
25. The metal cleaner of claim 2, wherein:
i)20 wt% to 70 wt% of the at least one base oil is about 43.8 wt% of 22cSt naphthenic oil and about 10 wt% of 280cSt naphthenic oil;
ii) 3% to 60% of the at least one furoate ester is about 33% by weight of ethyl 5-methyl-2-furoate;
iii) 0.1% to 15% of the at least one metal protection additive is about 0.2 wt% of the metal protection additive comprising the triazole metal protectant and about 12 wt% of at least one carrier oil comprising a sulfonate salt; and is
iv)0.1 to 15 wt% of the at least one lubricious additive is about 1 wt% of the alkylphosphoramide ester-containing lubricious additive.
26. The metal cleaner of claim 2, wherein:
i)20 to 70 wt% of the at least one base oil is about 68 wt% of a 22cSt naphthenic oil;
ii) 3% to 60% of the at least one furoate ester is about 5% ethyl 5-methyl-2-furoate;
iii)0.1 to 15 wt% of the at least one metal protection additive is about 12 wt% p-chlorobenzotrifluoride, about 0.3 wt% of a metal protection additive comprising a triazole metal protectant, and about 12 wt% of at least one sulfonate-containing carrier oil; and is
iv)0.5 wt% to 15 wt% of the at least one lubricious additive is about 2 wt% of the alkylphosphoramide ester-containing lubricious additive.
27. The metal cleaner of claim 2, wherein:
i)20 to 70 wt% of the at least one base oil is about 49 wt% of a 16-17cSt polyalphaolefin oil and about 16.8 wt% of a 22cSt naphthenic oil;
ii) 3% to 60% of the at least one furoate ester is about 12.8 wt% of ethyl 5-methyl-2-furoate;
iii)0.1 to 15 weight percent of the at least one metal protection additive is about 1.9 weight percent of a metal protection additive comprising a mixture of amino acids and imidazoline derivatives, about 0.1 weight percent of a metal protection additive comprising a triazole metal protectant, and about 12.4 weight percent of at least one carrier oil comprising calcium dinonylnaphthalenesulfonate; and is
iv)0.5 to 15 wt% of the at least one lubricious additive is about 1 wt% of the alkylphosphoramide ester-containing lubricious additive and about 6 wt% of the inert sulfurized olefin-containing lubricious additive.
28. The method of claim 2, wherein:
i)20 wt% to 70 wt% of the at least one base oil is about 49.9 wt% of a 16-17cSt polyalphaolefin oil and about 16.1 wt% of a 22cSt naphthenic oil;
ii)3 to 60 weight percent of the at least one furoate ester is about 12.3 weight percent of ethyl 5-methyl-2-furoate;
iii)0.1 to 15 weight percent of the at least one metal protection additive is about 1.8 weight percent of a metal protection additive comprising a mixture of amino acids and imidazoline derivatives, about 0.1 weight percent of a metal protection additive comprising a triazole metal protectant, and about 11.9 weight percent of a carrier oil comprising calcium dinonylnaphthalenesulfonate; and is
iv)0.5 wt% to 15 wt% of the at least one lubricious additive is about 2.0 wt% of the alkylphosphoric acid amine ester-containing lubricious additive and about 5.8 wt% of the sulfurized fatty acid ester-containing lubricious additive.
29. The metal cleaner of claim 2, wherein:
i)20 wt% to 70 wt% of the at least one base oil is about 42.8 wt% of 22cSt naphthenic oil and about 8.0 wt% of 280cSt naphthenic oil;
ii) 3% to 60% of the at least one furoate ester is about 33.0 wt% of ethyl 5-methyl-2-furoate;
iii)0.1 to 15 wt% of the at least one metal protection additive is about 0.2 wt% of the metal protection additive comprising a triazole metal protectant and about 12.0 wt% of at least one carrier oil comprising a sulfonate salt; and is
iv)0.5 to 15 wt% of the at least one lubricious additive is about 1.0 wt% of the alkylphosphoramide ester-containing lubricious additive and about 3.0 wt% of the inert sulfurized olefin-containing lubricious additive.
30. The metal cleaner of claim 2, wherein:
i)20 wt% to 70 wt% of the at least one base oil is about 42.8 wt% of 22cSt naphthenic oil and about 8.0 wt% of 280cSt naphthenic oil;
ii) 3% to 60% of the at least one furoate ester is about 33.0 wt% of ethyl 5-methyl-2-furoate;
iii)0.1 to 15 wt% of the at least one metal protection additive is about 0.2 wt% of the metal protection additive comprising a triazole metal protectant and about 12.0 wt% of at least one carrier oil comprising a sulfonate salt; and is
iv)0.5 wt% to 15 wt% of the at least one lubricious additive is about 1.0 wt% of the alkylphosphoric acid amine ester-containing lubricious additive and about 3.0 wt% of the sulfurized fatty acid ester-containing lubricious additive.
31. A method of cleaning a metal comprising applying the formulation of any one of claims 1 to 30 to a metal surface.
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of environmentally sustainable cleaning formulations.
Background
Formulations for cleaning, lubrication and protection of metals typically contain a base oil, a solvent and various additives for lubricating and protecting the metal. Such formulations are used for cleaning, lubrication and corrosion protection of machinery, automotive and agricultural equipment and firearms.
Furoates are a class of compounds that can be made from renewable resources such as sugars, starch, and cellulosic materials. The furoate ester has the structure
There is a need for formulations for metal cleaning, lubrication and protection that contain renewable materials or can be made from renewable chemicals so as to be ecologically sustainable while reducing reliance on petroleum resources.
Disclosure of Invention
Compositions comprising esters of furoic acid, such as ethyl furoate and methyl furoate, have been developed. These formulations are useful for cleaning, lubrication and/or corrosion protection of metal products.
In various embodiments, the compositions of the present teachings can comprise at least one base oil and at least one furoate ester. In various embodiments, the compositions of the present teachings can further comprise at least one metal protection additive. In various embodiments, the compositions of the present teachings may further comprise at least one lubricious additive.
In various formulations, the metal cleaner of the present teachings can comprise 20 wt% to 70 wt% of at least one base oil. In various formulations, the metal detergents of the present teachings can comprise from 3 wt% to 60 wt% of at least one furoate ester. In various formulations, the metal cleaner can further comprise 0.1 wt% to 15 wt% of at least one metal protectant. In various formulations, the metal cleaner may further comprise 0.5 wt% to 20 wt% of at least one lubricious additive.
In some formulations, the compositions of the present teachings can comprise at least one base oil in an amount of 20 wt% to 50 wt%. In some formulations, the compositions of the present teachings can comprise at least one furoate ester in an amount from 3 wt% to 60 wt%.
In some formulations, the compositions of the present teachings can comprise 0.1 wt% to 5 wt% of at least one metal protection additive, and 1 wt% to 15 wt% of at least one lubricity additive.
In some formulations, the compositions of the present teachings can comprise 35 wt% to 50 wt% of at least one base oil and 10 wt% to 40 wt% of at least one furoate ester.
In some formulations, the compositions of the present teachings can comprise 0.2 wt% to 5 wt% of at least one metal protection additive and 1 wt% to 10 wt% of at least one lubricity additive.
In some formulations, the base oil of the compositions of the present teachings can be, can comprise, can consist essentially of, or can consist of a naphthenic oil, a synthetic oil, or a combination thereof.
In some formulations, the furoate ester of the compositions of the present teachings can be ethyl 5-methyl-2-furoate.
In some formulations, the furoate ester of the compositions of the present teachings can be 5-methyl-2-furoate methyl ester.
In some formulations, a composition of the present teachings can include ethyl 5-methyl-2-furoate, methyl 5-methyl-2-furoate, or a mixture of ethyl 5-methyl-2-furoate and methyl 5-methyl-2-furoate.
In some formulations, the base oil of the compositions of the present teachings can be, can comprise, can consist of, or consist essentially of 22cSt naphthenic oil, 280cSt naphthenic oil, 16-17cSt polyalphalecithin oil, or a combination thereof.
In some formulations, the base oil of the compositions of the present teachings may be, may comprise, may consist of, or may consist essentially of 22cSt naphthenic oil.
In some formulations, the base oil of the compositions of the present teachings can be, can comprise, can consist of, or can consist essentially of 16-17cSt poly α lecithin oil, or 16-17cSt poly α lecithin oil.
In some formulations, the base oil of the compositions of the present teachings can be, can comprise, can consist of, or can consist essentially of a combination of 22cSt naphthenic oil and 280cSt naphthenic oil, and can be 22cSt naphthenic oil and 280cSt naphthenic oil.
In some formulations, the base oil of the compositions of the present teachings can be, can comprise, can consist of, or can consist essentially of 16-17cSt poly alpha olefin oils and 22cSt naphthenic oils, 16-17cSt poly alpha olefin oils and 22cSt naphthenic oils.
In some formulations, the lubricious additive of the compositions of the present teachings can be, can comprise, can consist essentially of, or can consist of at least one active ingredient, such as an alkylphosphoramide ester, an inert sulfurized olefin, a sulfurized fatty acid ester, or a combination thereof.
In some formulations, the lubricious additive of the compositions of the present teachings may be, may comprise, may consist of, or may consist essentially of an alkyl amine phosphate ester.
In some formulations, the lubricious additive of the compositions of the present teachings can be, can comprise, or can consist essentially of an inert sulfurized olefin.
In some formulations, the lubricious additive of the compositions of the present teachings may comprise, may be, may consist essentially of, or may consist of a sulfurized fatty acid ester.
In some formulations, the metal protection additive of the compositions of the present teachings can be a triazole metal protectant, a mixture of an amino acid and an imidazoline derivative, a p-chlorobenzotrifluoride ether, a sulfonate-containing carrier oil, or a combination thereof, can comprise a triazole metal protectant, a mixture of an amino acid and an imidazoline derivative, a p-chlorobenzotrifluoride ether, a sulfonate-containing carrier oil, or a combination thereof, can consist of a triazole metal protectant, a mixture of an amino acid and an imidazoline derivative, a p-chlorobenzotrifluoride ether, a sulfonate-containing carrier oil, or can consist essentially of a triazole metal protectant, a mixture of an amino acid and an imidazoline derivative, a p-chlorobenzotrifluoride ether, a sulfonate-containing carrier oil, or a combination thereof.
In some formulations, the metal protection additive of the compositions of the present teachings can be, can comprise, can consist of, or can consist essentially of the triazole metal protectant.
In some formulations, the metal protection additive of the compositions of the present teachings can comprise, can be, consist essentially of, or consist of a mixture of amino acids and imidazoline derivatives.
In some formulations, the metal protection additive of the compositions of the present teachings can comprise, can be, can consist essentially of, or can consist of p-chlorobenzotrifluoride ether.
In some formulations, the metal protection additive of the compositions of the present teachings can comprise, can be, can consist of, or can consist essentially of a carrier oil, wherein the carrier oil can comprise from 2 wt% to 6 wt%, or from about 2 wt% to about 6 wt%, of at least one sulfonate salt, which can be, but is not limited to, calcium dinonylnaphthalenesulfonate. In various formulations, the carrier oil may comprise from 1 wt% to 6 wt%, or from about 1 wt% to about 6 wt%, of at least one sulfonate salt, which may be, but is not limited to, calcium dinonylnaphthalenesulfonate.
In some formulations, the compositions of the present teachings may comprise about 43.8 wt% of 22cSt naphthenic oil, about 10 wt% of 280cSt naphthenic oil, about 33 wt% of ethyl 5-methyl-2-furoate, about 0.2 wt% of a metal protection additive comprising a triazole metal protection agent, about 12 wt% of a carrier oil comprising a sulfonate salt, and about 1 wt% of a lubricant additive comprising an alkyl amine phosphate ester, may be made from about 43.8 wt% of 22cSt naphthenic oil, about 10 wt% of naphthenic oil, about 280 wt% of furfuryl oil, about 33 wt% of ethyl 5-methyl-2-furoate, About 0.2 wt% of a metal protection additive comprising a triazole metal protectant, about 12 wt% of a carrier oil comprising a sulfonate salt, and about 1 wt% of a lubricant additive comprising an alkyl amine phosphate ester, or may consist essentially of about 43.8 wt% of 22cSt naphthenic oil, about 10 wt% of 280cSt naphthenic oil, about 33 wt% of 5-methyl-2-furoic acid ethyl ester, about 0.2 wt% of a metal protection additive comprising a triazole metal protectant, about 12 wt% of a carrier oil comprising a sulfonate salt, and about 1 wt% of a lubricant additive comprising an alkyl amine phosphate ester.
In some formulations, compositions of the present teachings may comprise about 43.8 wt% of 22cSt naphthenic oil, about 10 wt% of 280cSt naphthenic oil, about 33 wt% of ethyl 5-methyl-2-furoate, about 0.2 wt% of a metal protection additive comprising a triazole metal protection agent, about 12 wt% of at least one carrier oil comprising a sulfonate salt, and about 1 wt% of a lubricant additive comprising an alkyl amine phosphate ester, may consist of about 43.8 wt% of 22cSt naphthenic oil, about 10 wt% of 280cSt naphthenic oil, about 33 wt% of ethyl 5-methyl-2-furoate, about 0.2 wt% of a metal protection additive comprising a triazole metal protection agent, about 12 wt% of at least one carrier oil comprising a sulfonate salt, and about 1 wt% of a lubricant additive comprising an alkyl amine phosphate ester, or may consist essentially of about 43.8 wt% of 22cSt naphthenic oil, about 10 wt% of 280cSt oil, and, About 33 wt% ethyl 5-methyl-2-furoate, about 0.2 wt% metal protection additive comprising a triazole metal protectant, about 12 wt% of at least one carrier oil comprising a sulfonate salt, and about 1 wt% of a lubricity additive comprising an alkylphosphoramide ester.
In some formulations, a composition of the present teachings may comprise about 68 wt% of 22cSt naphthenic oil, 5 wt% of 5-methyl-2-furoate ethyl ester, about 12 wt% of p-chlorobenzotrifluoromethane, 0.3 wt% of a metal protection additive comprising a triazole metal protectant, about 12 wt% of a carrier oil comprising a sulfonate salt, and about 2 wt% of a lubricant additive comprising an alkylphosphoramide ester, may consist of about 68 wt% of 22cSt naphthenic oil, 5 wt% of 5-methyl-2-furoate ethyl ester, about 12 wt% of p-chlorobenzotrifluoromethane, 0.3 wt% of a metal protection additive comprising a triazole metal protectant, about 12 wt% of a carrier oil comprising a sulfonate salt, and about 2 wt% of a lubricant additive comprising an alkylphosphoramide ester, or may consist essentially of about 68 wt% of 22cSt naphthenic oil, 5 wt% of 5-methyl-2-furoate ethyl ester, About 12 wt% of p-chlorobenzotrifluoromethane, 0.3 wt% of a metal protection additive comprising a triazole metal protector, about 12 wt% of a carrier oil comprising a sulfonate salt, and about 2 wt% of a lubricity additive comprising an alkylphosphoramide ester.
In some formulations, the compositions of the present teachings may comprise about 68 wt% of 22cSt naphthenic oil, about 5% of ethyl 5-methyl-2-furoate, about 12 wt% of p-chlorobenzotrifluoride, about 0.3 wt% of a metal protection additive comprising a triazole metal protectant, about 12 wt% of at least one carrier oil comprising a sulfonate salt, and about 2 wt% of a lubricant additive comprising an alkyl amine phosphate ester, may consist of about 68 wt% of 22cSt naphthenic oil, about 5% of ethyl 5-methyl-2-furoate, about 12 wt% of p-chlorobenzotrifluoride, about 0.3 wt% of a metal protection additive comprising a triazole metal protectant, about 12 wt% of at least one carrier oil comprising a sulfonate salt, and about 2 wt% of a lubricant additive comprising an alkyl amine phosphate ester, or may consist essentially of about 68 wt% of 22cSt naphthenic oil, about 5 wt% of ethyl 5-methyl-2-furoate, about 12 wt% of a lubricant additive comprising an alkyl amine phosphate ester, or may be substantially free of 22cSt naphthenic oil, about 68 wt%, and/, About 5% ethyl 5-methyl-2-furoate, about 12% p-chlorobenzotrifluoride, about 0.3% metal protection additive including triazole metal protectors, about 12% at least one sulfonate containing carrier oil, and about 2% lubricating additive composition including alkylphosphoramide ester.
In some formulations, compositions of the present teachings may comprise about 49 wt% of 16-17cSt polyalphaolefin oil, about 16.8 wt% of 22cSt naphthenic oil, about 12.8 wt% of ethyl 5-methyl-2-furoate, about 1.9 wt% of a metal protection additive comprising a mixture of amino acids and imidazoline derivatives, about 0.1 wt% of a metal protection additive comprising a triazole metal protectant, about 12.4 wt% of a carrier oil comprising calcium dinonylnaphthalene sulfonate, about 1 wt% of a lubricating additive comprising an alkylphosphoramide ester, and about 6 wt% of a lubricating additive comprising an inert sulfurized olefin, may be formed from about 49 wt% of 16-17cSt polyalphaolefin oil, about 16.8 wt% of 22cSt naphthenic oil, about 12.8 wt% of ethyl 5-methyl-2-furoate, about 1.9 wt% of a metal protection additive comprising a mixture of amino acids and imidazoline derivatives, a metal protection additive, and a lubricant additive, About 0.1 wt% of a metal protection additive comprising a triazole metal protectant, about 12.4 wt% of a carrier oil comprising calcium dinonylnaphthalene sulfonate, about 1 wt% of a lubricant additive comprising an alkylphosphoramide ester, and about 6 wt% of a lubricant additive comprising an inert sulfurized olefin, or may consist essentially of about 49 wt.% of 16-17cSt polyalphaolefin oil, about 16.8 wt.% of 22cSt naphthenic oil, about 12.8 wt.% of ethyl 5-methyl-2-furoate, about 1.9 wt.% of a metal protection additive comprising a mixture of amino acids and imidazoline derivatives, about 0.1 wt.% of a metal protection additive comprising a triazole metal protectant, about 12.4 wt.% of a carrier oil comprising calcium dinonylnaphthalene maleate, about 1 wt.% of a lubricant additive comprising an alkylphosphoramide ester, and about 6 wt.% of a lubricant additive comprising an inert sulfurized olefin.
In some formulations, compositions of the present teachings may comprise about 49 wt% of 16-17cSt polyalphaolefin oil, about 16.8 wt% of 22cSt naphthenic oil, about 12.8 wt% of ethyl 5-methyl-2-furoate, about 1.9 wt% of a metal protection additive comprising a mixture of amino acids and imidazoline derivatives, about 0.1 wt% of a metal protection additive comprising a triazole metal protectant, about 12.4 wt% of at least one carrier oil comprising calcium dinonylnaphthalene sulfonate, about 1 wt% of a lubricity additive comprising an alkylphosphonate, and about 6 wt% of a lubricity additive comprising an inert sulfurized olefin, and may be prepared from about 49 wt% of 16-17cSt polyalphaolefin oil, about 16.8 wt% of 22cSt naphthenic oil, about 12.8 wt% of ethyl 5-methyl-2-furoate, about 1.9 wt% of a metal protection additive comprising a mixture of amino acids and imidazoline derivatives, About 0.1 wt% of a metal protection additive comprising a triazole metal protectant, about 12.4 wt% of at least one carrier oil comprising calcium dinonylnaphthalene sulfonate, about 1 wt% of a lubricity additive comprising an alkylphosphoramide ester, and about 6 wt% of a lubricity additive comprising an inert sulfurized olefin, or may consist essentially of about 49 weight percent of 16-17cSt polyalphaolefin oil, about 16.8 weight percent of 22cSt naphthenic oil, about 12.8 weight percent of ethyl 5-methyl-2-furoate, about 1.9 weight percent of a metal protection additive comprising a mixture of amino acids and imidazoline derivatives, about 0.1 weight percent of a metal protection additive comprising a triazole metal protectant, about 12.4 weight percent of at least one carrier oil comprising calcium dinonylnaphthalene mahogany sulfonate, about 1 weight percent of a lubricant additive comprising an alkylphosphoramide ester, and about 6 weight percent of a lubricant additive comprising an inert sulfurized olefin.
In some formulations, compositions of the present teachings may comprise about 49.9 wt% of 16-17cSt polyalphaolefin oil and about 16.1 wt% of 22cSt naphthenic oil, about 12.3 wt% of ethyl 5-methyl-2-furoate, about 1.8 wt% of a metal protection additive comprising a mixture of amino acids and imidazoline derivatives, 0.1 wt% of a metal protection additive comprising a triazole metal protectant, about 11.9 wt% of a carrier oil comprising calcium dinonylnaphthalene sulfonate, about 2.0 wt% of a lubricity additive comprising an alkylphosphonate ester and about 5.8 wt% of a lubricity additive comprising a sulfurized fatty acid ester, and may be made up of about 49.9 wt% of 16-17cSt polyalphaolefin oil and about 16.1 wt% of 22cSt naphthenic oil, about 12.3 wt% of ethyl 5-methyl-2-furoate, about 1.8 wt% of a metal protection additive comprising a mixture of amino acids and imidazoline derivatives, 0.1 wt% of a metal protection additive comprising a triazole metal protectant, about 11.9 wt% of a carrier oil comprising calcium dinonylnaphthalene sulfonate, about 2.0 wt% of a lubricant additive comprising an alkylphosphoric acid amine ester, and about 5.8 wt% of a lubricant additive comprising a sulfurized fatty acid ester, or consisting essentially of, about 49.9 wt% of 16-17cSt polyalphaolefin oil and about 16.1 wt% of 22cSt naphthenic oil, about 12.3 wt% of ethyl 5-methyl-2-furoate, about 1.8 wt% of a metal protection additive comprising a mixture of amino acids and imidazoline derivatives, 0.1 wt% of a metal protection additive comprising a triazole metal protectant, about 11.9 wt% of a carrier oil comprising calcium dinonylnaphthalene sulfonate, about 2.0 wt% of a lubricant additive comprising an alkylphosphoric acid amine ester, and about 5.8 wt% of a lubricant additive comprising a sulfurized fatty acid ester.
In some formulations, compositions of the present teachings may comprise about 49.9 wt% of a 16-17cSt polyalphaolefin oil, about 16.1 wt% of a 22cSt naphthenic oil, about 12.3 wt% of ethyl 5-methyl-2-furoate, about 1.8 wt% of a metal protection additive comprising a mixture of amino acids and imidazoline derivatives, 0.1 wt% of a metal protection additive comprising a triazole metal protectant, about 11.9 wt% of at least one carrier oil comprising calcium dinonylnaphthalene sulfonate, about 2.0 wt% of a lubricant additive comprising an alkylphosphonate ester, and about 5.8 wt% of a lubricant additive comprising a sulfurized fatty acid ester, and may be comprised of about 49.9 wt% of a 16-17cSt polyalphaolefin oil, about 16.1 wt% of a 22cSt naphthenic oil, about 12.3 wt% of ethyl 5-methyl-2-furoate, about 1.8 wt% of a metal protection additive comprising a mixture of amino acids and imidazoline derivatives, 0.1 wt% of a metal protection additive comprising a triazole metal protectant, about 11.9 wt% of at least one carrier oil comprising calcium dinonylnaphthalenesulfonate, about 2.0 wt% of a lubricity additive comprising an alkylphosphoramide ester, and about 5.8 wt% of a lubricity additive comprising a sulfurized fatty acid ester, or consisting essentially of about 49.9 wt.% of 16-17cSt polyalphaolefin oil, about 16.1 wt.% of 22cSt naphthenic oil, about 12.3 wt.% of ethyl 5-methyl-2-furoate, about 1.8 wt.% of a metal protection additive comprising a mixture of amino acids and imidazoline derivatives, 0.1 wt.% of a metal protection additive comprising a triazole metal protector, about 11.9 wt.% of at least one carrier oil comprising calcium dinonylnaphthalene sulfonate, about 2.0 wt.% of a lubricant additive comprising an alkylphosphonate ester, and about 5.8 wt.% of a lubricant additive comprising a sulfurized fatty acid ester.
In some formulations, a composition of the present teachings may comprise about 42.8 wt% of 22cSt naphthenic oil, about 8.0 wt% of 280cSt naphthenic oil, about 33.0 wt% of ethyl 5-methyl-2-furoate, about 0.2 wt% of a metal protection additive comprising a triazole metal protectant, about 12.0 wt% of a carrier oil comprising a sulfonate salt, about 1.0 wt% of a lubricating additive comprising an alkylphosphoric acid amine, and about 3.0 wt% of a lubricating additive comprising an inert sulfurized olefin, may consist of about 42.8 wt% of 22cSt naphthenic oil, about 8.0 wt% of 280cSt naphthenic oil, about 33.0 wt% of ethyl 5-methyl-2-furoate, about 0.2 wt% of a metal protection additive comprising a triazole metal protectant, about 12.0 wt% of a carrier oil comprising a sulfonate salt, about 1.0 wt% of a lubricating additive comprising an alkylphosphoric acid amine, and about 3.0 wt% of a lubricating additive comprising an inert sulfurized olefin, or may consist essentially of about 42.8 wt.% 22cSt naphthenic oil, about 8.0 wt.% 280cSt naphthenic oil, about 33.0 wt.% ethyl-5-methyl-2-furoate, about 0.2 wt.% metal protection additive including triazole metal protection agent, about 12.0 wt.% carrier oil including sulfonate, about 1.0 wt.% lubricating additive including alkylphosphoric acid amine, and about 3.0 wt.% lubricating additive including inert sulfurized olefin.
In some formulations, a composition of the present teachings may comprise about 42.8 wt% of 22cSt naphthenic oil, about 8.0 wt% of 280cSt naphthenic oil, about 33.0 wt% of ethyl 5-methyl-2-furoate, about 0.2 wt% of a metal protection additive comprising a triazole metal protection agent, about 12.0 wt% of at least one carrier oil comprising a sulfonate salt, about 1.0 wt% of a lubricating additive comprising an alkyl amine phosphate ester, and about 3.0 wt% of a lubricating additive comprising an inert sulfurized olefin, may consist of about 42.8 wt% of 22cSt naphthenic oil, about 8.0 wt% of 280cSt naphthenic oil, about 33.0 wt% of ethyl 5-methyl-2-furoate, about 0.2 wt% of a metal protection additive comprising a triazole metal protection agent, about 12.0 wt% of at least one carrier oil comprising a lubricating sulfonate salt, about 1.0 wt% of a lubricating additive comprising an alkyl amine phosphate ester, and about 3.0 wt% of a sulfurized olefin-containing additive, or may consist essentially of about 42.8 wt.% 22cSt naphthenic oil, about 8.0 wt.% 280cSt naphthenic oil, about 33.0 wt.% ethyl-5-methyl-2-furoate, about 0.2 wt.% metal protection additive comprising triazole metal protection agent, about 12.0 wt.% of at least one carrier oil comprising sulfonate, about 1.0 wt.% of a lubricating additive comprising alkylphosphoric acid amine ester, and about 3.0 wt.% of a lubricating additive comprising inert sulfurized olefin.
In some formulations, the compositions of the present teachings may comprise about 42.8 wt% of 22cSt naphthenic oil, about 8.0 wt% of 280cSt naphthenic oil, about 33.0 wt% of ethyl 5-methyl-2-furoate, about 0.2 wt% of a metal protection additive comprising a triazole metal protection agent, about 12.0 wt% of at least one carrier oil comprising a sulfonate salt, about 1.0 wt% of a lubricating additive comprising an alkyl amine phosphate ester, and about 3.0 wt% of a lubricating additive comprising a sulfurized fatty acid ester, may consist of about 42.8 wt% of 22cSt naphthenic oil, about 8.0 wt% of 280cSt naphthenic oil, about 33.0 wt% of ethyl 5-methyl-2-furoate, about 0.2 wt% of a metal protection additive comprising a triazole metal protection agent, about 12.0 wt% of at least one carrier oil comprising a sulfonate salt, about 1.0 wt% of a lubricating additive comprising an alkyl amine phosphate ester, and about 3.0 wt% of a sulfurized fatty acid ester, or may consist essentially of about 42.8 wt.% 22cSt naphthenic oil, about 8.0 wt.% 280cSt naphthenic oil, about 33.0 wt.% ethyl-5-methyl-2-furoate, about 0.2 wt.% metal protection additive comprising triazole metal protection agent, about 12.0 wt.% of at least one carrier oil comprising a sulfonate salt, about 1.0 wt.% of a lubricating additive comprising an alkyl amine phosphate ester, and about 3.0 wt.% of a lubricating additive comprising a sulfurized fatty acid ester.
In some formulations, a composition of the present teachings may comprise about 42.8 wt% of 22cSt naphthenic oil, about 8.0 wt% of 280cSt naphthenic oil, about 33.0 wt% of ethyl 5-methyl-2-furoate, about 0.2 wt% of a metal protection additive comprising a triazole metal protection agent, about 12.0 wt% of a carrier oil comprising a sulfonate salt, about 1.0 wt% of a lubricating additive comprising an alkyl amine phosphate ester, and about 3.0 wt% of a lubricating additive comprising a sulfurized fatty acid ester, may consist of about 42.8 wt% of 22cSt naphthenic oil, about 8.0 wt% of 280cSt naphthenic oil, about 33.0 wt% of ethyl 5-methyl-2-furoate, about 0.2 wt% of a metal protection additive comprising a triazole metal protection agent, about 12.0 wt% of a carrier oil comprising a sulfonate salt, about 1.0 wt% of a lubricating additive comprising an alkyl amine phosphate ester, and about 3.0 wt% of a sulfurized fatty acid ester, or may consist essentially of about 42.8 wt.% 22cSt naphthenic oil, about 8.0 wt.% 280cSt naphthenic oil, about 33.0 wt.% ethyl-5-methyl-2-furoate, about 0.2 wt.% metal protection additive including triazole metal protection agent, about 12.0 wt.% carrier oil including sulfonate, about 1.0 wt.% lubricant additive including alkylphosphoramide ester, and about 3.0 wt.% lubricant additive including sulfurized fatty acid ester.
In some embodiments, the present teachings include methods of cleaning metals. These methods include applying the formulations disclosed herein to a metal.
The present disclosure is set forth in, but not limited to, the following aspects.
The metal cleaner of the present teachings may comprise: i)20 to 70 wt% of at least one base oil; and ii)3 to 60 wt% of at least one furoate ester. In some formulations, 20 wt% to 70 wt% of the at least one base oil can be 20 wt% to 50 wt% of the at least one base oil.
In various formulations, the at least one base oil may be selected from naphthenic oils, synthetic oils, and combinations thereof. In some formulations, the at least one base oil may be selected from 22cSt naphthenic oils, 280cSt naphthenic oils, 16-17cSt polyalphaolefin oils, and combinations thereof. In some formulations, the at least one base oil may be a 22cSt naphthenic oil. In various formulations, the at least one base oil may be a poly alpha olefin oil of 16-17 cSt. In various formulations, the at least one base oil can be a combination of 22cSt naphthenic oil and 280cSt naphthenic oil. In various formulations, the at least one base oil may be a combination of 16-17cSt poly alpha olefin oil and 22cSt naphthenic oil.
In various formulations, the at least one furoate ester may be selected from ethyl 5-methyl-2-furoate, methyl 5-methyl-2-furoate, and combinations thereof. In some formulations, the at least one furoate ester may be ethyl 5-methyl-2-furoate.
In various formulations, the metal cleaner can further comprise iii)0.1 wt% to 15 wt% of at least one metal protection additive; and iv)0.5 to 20 wt% of at least one lubricious additive. In some formulations, iii)0.1 wt% to 20 wt% of the at least one metal protection additive can be 0.1 wt% to 5 wt% of the at least one metal protection additive; and iv)0.5 wt% to 15 wt% of the at least one lubricious additive can be 1 wt% to 15 wt% of the at least one lubricious additive. In various formulations, the at least one lubricious additive may be selected from alkyl amine phosphates, inert sulfurized olefins, sulfurized fatty acid esters, and combinations thereof. In various formulations, at least one lubricious additive may comprise an alkylphosphoramide ester. In various formulations, at least one lubricious additive may comprise an inert sulfurized olefin. In various formulations, the at least one lubricious additive may comprise a sulfurized fatty acid ester. In various formulations, the at least one metal protection additive may be selected from the group consisting of triazole metal protectors, mixtures of amino acids and imidazoline derivatives, p-chlorobenzotrifluoromethane, sulfonate-containing carrier oils, and combinations thereof. In various formulations, the at least one metal protection additive may be selected from the group consisting of triazole metal protectors, mixtures of amino acids and imidazoline derivatives, p-chlorobenzotrifluoride, at least one sulfonate-containing carrier oil, and combinations thereof. In various formulations, the at least one metal protection additive may comprise a triazole metal protectant. In various formulations, the at least one metal protection additive may comprise a mixture of amino acids and imidazoline derivatives. In various formulations, the at least one metal protection additive may comprise p-chlorobenzotrifluoride. In various formulations, the at least one metal protection additive may comprise at least one carrier oil comprising from 2 wt% to 6 wt% of at least one sulfonate salt. In various formulations, the at least one metal protection additive may comprise at least one carrier oil comprising from 1 wt% to 6 wt% of at least one sulfonate salt. In various formulations, the at least one sulfonate may be calcium dinonylnaphthalenesulfonate.
In some formulations, in the metal cleaner of the present teachings, i)20 wt% to 70 wt% of the at least one base oil is 35 wt% to 50 wt% of the at least one base oil; and ii) 3% to 60% of the at least one furoate ester is 10% to 40% of the at least one furoate ester. In some formulations, the metal cleaner may further comprise: iii) 0.2% to 5% of at least one metal protection additive; and 1% to 10% of at least one lubricious additive.
In various formulations, i)20 to 70 wt% of the at least one base oil can be about 43.8 wt% of 22cSt naphthenic oil and about 10 wt% of 280cSt naphthenic oil; ii) 3% to 60% of at least one furoate ester can be about 33% by weight of ethyl 5-methyl-2-furoate; iii) 0.1% to 15% of the at least one metal protection additive can be about 0.2 wt% of the metal protection additive comprising a triazole metal protectant and about 12 wt% of at least one carrier oil comprising a sulfonate salt; and iv)0.1 wt% to 15 wt% of the at least one lubricious additive may be about 1 wt% of the lubricious additive comprising the alkylphosphoramide ester.
In various formulations, i)20 to 70 wt% of the at least one base oil can be about 68 wt% of a 22cSt naphthenic oil; ii) 3% to 60% of the at least one furoate ester can be about 5% ethyl 5-methyl-2-furoate; iii)0.1 to 15 wt% of at least one metal protection additive, which may be about 12 wt% p-trichlorotrifluorophenylene ether, about 0.3 wt% of a metal protection additive comprising a triazole metal protectant, and about 12 wt% of at least one sulfonate-containing carrier oil; and iv)0.5 wt% to 15 wt% of the at least one lubricious additive may be about 2 wt% of the lubricious additive comprising the alkylphosphoramide ester.
In various formulations, i)20 wt% to 70 wt% of the at least one base oil can be about 49 wt% of a 16-17cSt polyalphaolefin oil and about 16.8 wt% of a 22cSt naphthenic oil; ii) 3% to 60% of the at least one furoate ester can be about 12.8 wt% of ethyl 5-methyl-2-furoate; iii)0.1 to 15 wt% of the at least one metal protection additive can be about 1.9 wt% of a metal protection additive comprising a mixture of amino acids and imidazoline derivatives, about 0.1 wt% of a metal protection additive comprising a triazole metal protectant, and about 12.4 wt% of at least one carrier oil comprising calcium dinonylnaphthalenesulfonate; iv)0.5 wt% to 15 wt% of the at least one lubricious additive can be about 1 wt% of the lubricious additive comprising the alkylphosphoramide ester and about 6 wt% of the lubricious additive comprising the inert sulfurized olefin.
In various formulations, i)20 wt% to 70 wt% of the at least one base oil can be about 49.9 wt% of 16-17cSt polyalphaolefin oil and about 16.1 wt% of 22cSt naphthenic oil; ii)3 to 60 wt% of the at least one furoate ester can be about 12.3 wt% of ethyl 5-methyl-2-furoate; iii)0.1 to 15 wt% of the at least one metal protection additive can be about 1.8 wt% of a metal protection additive comprising a mixture of amino acids and imidazoline derivatives, 0.1 wt% of a triazole metal protectant, and about 11.9 wt% of at least one carrier oil comprising calcium dinonylnaphthalenesulfonate; and iv)0.5 wt% to 15 wt% of the at least one lubricious additive can be about 2.0 wt% of the lubricious additive comprising the alkylphosphonate ester and about 5.8 wt% of the lubricious additive comprising the sulfurized fatty acid ester.
In various formulations, i)20 wt% to 70 wt% of the at least one base oil can be about 42.8 wt% of 22cSt naphthenic oil and about 8.0 wt% of 280cSt naphthenic oil; ii)3 to 60 wt% of the at least one furoate ester can be about 33.0 wt% of ethyl 5-methyl-2-furoate; iii)0.1 wt% to 15 wt% of the at least one metal protection additive can be about 0.2 wt% of the metal protection additive comprising a triazole metal protectant and about 12.0 wt% of at least one carrier oil comprising a sulfonate salt; and iv)0.5 wt% to 15 wt% of the at least one lubricious additive can be about 1.0 wt% of the lubricious additive comprising the alkylphosphoramide ester and about 3.0 wt% of the lubricious additive comprising the inert sulfurized olefin.
In various formulations, i)20 wt% to 70 wt% of the at least one base oil can be about 42.8 wt% of 22cSt naphthenic oil and about 8.0 wt% of 280cSt naphthenic oil; ii) 3% to 60% of the at least one furoate ester can be about 33.0 wt% of ethyl 5-methyl-2-furoate; iii)0.1 wt% to 15 wt% of the at least one metal protection additive can be about 0.2 wt% of the metal protection additive comprising a triazole metal protectant and about 12.0 wt% of at least one carrier oil comprising a sulfonate salt; and iv)0.5 wt% to 15 wt% of the at least one lubricious additive can be about 1.0 wt% of the lubricious additive comprising the alkylphosphonate ester and about 3.0 wt% of the lubricious additive comprising the sulfurized fatty acid ester.
In some formulations, a method of cleaning metals according to the present teachings can include applying any formulation according to the present teachings to the metal. In various formulations, the metal may comprise a metal surface.
In various formulations, the methods of the present teachings can include applying the formulations of the present teachings to a metal surface. The metal surface that can be cleaned can be, for example, but not limited to, a manufactured or forged metal surface, such as, but not limited to, a sheet, a coating, a blank, and an object made of metal, such as, but not limited to, a firearm or an automobile.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows
Detailed Description
The inventors used ethyl 5-methyl-2-furoate (ET 408)TMxFTtechnologies, Albertki, New Mexico) and methyl 5-methyl-2-furoate (ME 408)TMXftech technologies, albertky, new mexico) developed a variety of metal cleaning, lubricating, and corrosion inhibiting formulations. These formulations may comprise: one or more base oils such as, but not limited to, naphthenic oils or synthetic oils, such as Polyalphaolefins (PAO), and one or more esters of furoic acid. These formulations may further comprise one or more metal protection additives and one or more lubricious additives.
The inventors have discovered that certain combinations of furoates with other materials can result in phase separation into two or more liquid layers, or precipitation of solids or precipitates, which can make these combinations unusable for metal cleaning, lubrication, or corrosion protection. In view of these problems, the present inventors have developed a formulation comprising a furoate ester. In these formulations, the furoate ester is mixed with the base oil and other additives. In various formulations, the formulations of the present teachings may comprise furoate esters in admixture with base oils and other additives in proportions that the present inventors have determined do not cause reaction or phase separation. The formulations can exhibit useful cleaning and solvating properties.
In some formulations, formulations having useful cleaning properties include furoate-containing formulations, such as ET 408TM(xF Technologies, Ararkki, New Mexico). These formulations are useful, for example, in removing mixtures of oily and carbonaceous residues (e.g., firearm residues) from metals or metal surfaces. Some examples of metal surfaces that can be cleaned include sheets, coatings, billets, and from metalThe surface of the object being fabricated. Examples of metal surfaces that can be cleaned include firearms, cars, counters, appliances, tables, household devices such as water heating and metal lighting fixtures, household tools, and industrial devices such as manufacturing equipment and power tools.
Formulation components
Base oil (base oil): the base oil may comprise any of a variety of oils that may be used in a base oil depot for oil-based formulations. For example, the base oil may have a viscosity suitable for blending to achieve the desired viscosity of the formulations of the present teachings. The standard viscosity units used are centipoise (cP) and centistokes (cSt), usually specified at 40 ℃ or 100 ° F. Unless otherwise indicated, the formulations of the present teachings can be specified according to the type of oil, and the viscosity of the oil can be measured by ASTM D445 at 40 ℃ and can be expressed in centistokes (cSt).
Examples of base oils suitable for use in the formulations of the present teachings include naphthenic oils and synthetic oils, such as Polyalphaolefins (PAO). Naphthenic oils suitable for use in the formulations of the present teachings include 22cSt naphthenic oils and 280cSt naphthenic oils. Synthetic oils useful in the formulations of the present teachings include 16-17cSt poly alpha olefin oils. One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that many other oils may be used while achieving similar results.
Metal protectant additives: as used herein, a metal protectant additive is a corrosion inhibitor that can deactivate metals with which it comes into contact. Suitable metal protectors for use in the formulations of the present teachings include, for example, but are not limited to, triazoles, mixtures of amino acids and imidazoline derivatives (i.e., structural analogs of imidazolines), p-chlorobenzotrifluoride, and sulfonates, such as, but not limited to, calcium dinonylnaphthalene sulfonate. Examples of triazole metal protectors include ashless yellow liquid metal deactivators, for example under the trade name NF-200 (King Industries, Inc., Nowack, Connecticut).
Suitable mixtures of organic acids and imidazoline derivatives for use in the formulations of the present teachings include, for example, organic amino acids and imidazoline derivativesMixtures, such as oil-soluble, liquid corrosion inhibiting additives having an infrared spectrum, as shown in FIG. 1, which additives are sold under the trade name
Imidazole is of formula (CH)2N (NH) CH, i.e.The organic compound of (1). Imidazole is a compound containing 1,3-C3N2The heterocyclic ring of (1). Imidazole derivatives (i.e. structural analogues of imidazole), commonly referred to as imidazole analogues, contain 1,3-C3N2But with different substituents. Examples of imidazoles include, but are not limited to, imidazole triflate, imidazole-2-carboxylic acid, imidazole-2-boronic acid, 1- (m-tolyl) imidazole, 1- (3-aminopropyl) imidazole, 1H-imidazole-4-carbothioamide, Benzimidazole (BZIM), aminobenzimidazole, and methylimidazole. Members of the imidazole family include imidazole compounds and imidazole salts which may be formed from imidazole or imidazole compounds, for example imidazolium chloride, imidazole compounds, for example imidazole salts of sodium imidazole. Additionally, in some formulations, imidazoles may be functionalized by the addition of functional groups such as amines, nitro groups, phenols, which extend from nitrogen-containing functional groups, mixtures of organic acids and imidazoline derivatives including mixtures such as organic amino acids and carbamates, such as oil-soluble, liquid corrosion inhibiting additives having infrared spectra substantially as shown in FIG. 1; for example under the trade name 1227 (King Industries, Inc., Nowack, Connecticut).1227 contains 50 to<60% of carboxylic ester derivative having CAS number 110-25-8 and 50 to<60% of imidazole derivatives. The imidazole derivatives are soluble in water.
Para-chlorotrifluoromethylene (CAS 98-56-6, also 4-chlorotrifluoromethylene or PCBTF) may be obtained from various Chemical manufacturers (e.g., The Chemical Company) at about 99% purity, with The sulfonate-containing carrier oil including carrier oils under The trade name
Lubricating additive: lubricity additives that may be used in the formulations of the present teachings include, for example, but are not limited to, antiwear agents, lubricants, extreme pressure agents, and friction modifiers. Non-limiting examples of such additives include metal dialkyldithiophosphates, metal diaryldithiophosphates, alkylphosphates, tricresyl phosphate, 2-alkyl-4-mercapto-1, 3, 4-thiadiazoles, metal dialkyldithiocarbamates, and metal dialkyldithiophosphates, where the metal may be, for example, but not limited to, zinc, molybdenum, or tungsten. Other examples of lubricious additives include phosphated fats, phosphated olefins, sulfurized fats, sulfurized olefins, and sulfurized paraffins; fatty acids, sulfurized carboxylic acids and salts thereof, esters of fatty acids, organo molybdenum compounds, molybdenum disulfide, graphite, and borate dispersions. In various formulations of the present teachings, the lubricious additive may be And is, or consists essentially of, a carboxylic acid and salts thereof, an olefin and/or a fatty acid ester, and may include, consist of, or consist essentially of a carboxylic acid and salts thereof, an olefin and/or a fatty acid ester. In some formulations, the lubricious additive may be an alkyl amine phosphate, an inert sulfurized olefin, or a sulfurized fatty acid ester. In some formulations, the alkylphosphate amine ester lubricant may be present as an additive, such as an ashless rust and corrosion inhibitor or anti-wear additive, for example, but not limited to, under the trade nameProduct sold by AW-6110 (King Industries, Inc., Nowack, Connecticut). The sulfurized fatty acid ester may be present in an inert sulfur carrier, such as under the trade nameEP-5210 (King industries, Inc., of Nowack, Connecticut). Typical characteristics include, according to the manufacturer's opinion, a sulfur content of 10.0%; active sulfur content (ASTM D1662)<1.0 percent; color (ASTM D1500 net content): 3.5; viscosity @40 ℃ (ASTM D445, DIN 51550): 25mm2Second (cSt); density @20.0 ℃ (ASTM D941): 0.95 g/ml; weight per gallon at 25 ℃: 7.91 pounds; hash point COC (ASTM D92, DIN 51376): 170 deg.C (338 deg.F). The inert sulfurized olefin may be present in an extreme pressure lubricant additive such as that sold under the trade name EP-5120 (King Industries, Inc., Nowack, Connecticut). The formulations and examples of the present teachings indicate the wt% of the commercial formulation used, not the wt% of the active ingredient therein.
Furoic acid ester: furoates that may be used in the compositions of the present teachings include, for example, but are not limited to, ethyl 5-methyl-2-furoate (ET 408)TMXF Technologies, Albertky, New Mexico) and methyl 5-methyl-2-furoate (ME 408)TMxF Technologies, albertky, new mexico). ET408 used in the embodiments described hereinTM(xF Technologies, Ararkki, New Mexico) furoate is a commercial productA grade product comprising minor amounts of methyl furoate and ethyl levulinate. The inventors have determined that these trace impurities do not adversely affect the function of the primary esters of furoic acid.
Definition is referred to as ET408TM(xF Technologies, Ararkki, New Mexico) has a furoate ester of about 95% ethyl furoate, 2.5% methyl furoate, and 2.5% ethyl levulinate. The amounts of the components of the furoate ester in the formulations of the present teachings are based on commercial formulations, rather than on the use of pure ethyl furoate or pure methyl furoate. However, the inventors have determined that ET408TM(xF Technologies, Ararkki, New Mexico) or ME408TMPurity of up to 99% (xF Technologies, albertky, new mexico) did not significantly change the results. Commercial product ME408 TMEthyl furoate and ethyl levulinate may be present in small amounts and provided by xF Technologies of alberty, new mexico in 97% purity.