阅读说明：本技术 一种新能源轻卡驱动桥用减速器 (Speed reducer for new energy light truck drive axle ) 是由 黄苏刚 饶剑文 唐思成 邹兵凤 姜致强 于 2020-06-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种新能源轻卡驱动桥用减速器,包括包括相互连接的壳盖和壳体,壳盖和壳体上均设有三轴轴承孔、二轴轴承孔以及一轴轴承孔,壳体的一侧安装有差速器总成,差速器总成上带有差速器轴承孔,差速器总成包括差速器左壳和差速器右壳,差速器左壳和差速器右壳内设有行星齿轮,十字轴,半轴齿轮,行星齿轮的数量为四个,半轴齿轮的数量为两个,四个行星齿轮套入十字轴上,再与两个半轴齿轮一起装入差速器右壳中,与差速器左壳合盖后通过差速器壳螺栓紧固,组装成差速器总成；差速器轴承孔与壳盖或壳体三轴轴承孔、二轴轴承孔、一轴轴承孔的圆心连线从侧视角度形成“N”字型结构。结构布置紧凑、安装便捷。(The invention relates to a speed reducer for a new energy light truck drive axle, which comprises a shell cover and a shell body which are connected with each other, wherein the shell cover and the shell body are respectively provided with a three-shaft bearing hole, a two-shaft bearing hole and a one-shaft bearing hole; the bearing hole of the differential mechanism and the shell cover or the circle center connecting line of the three-shaft bearing hole, the two-shaft bearing hole and the one-shaft bearing hole of the shell form an N-shaped structure from a side view angle. Compact structure arrangement and convenient installation.)

1. A speed reducer for a new energy light truck drive axle comprises a shell cover and a shell body which are connected with each other, wherein three-shaft bearing holes, two-shaft bearing holes and one-shaft bearing holes are formed in the shell cover and the shell body respectively;

the bearing hole of the differential mechanism and the shell cover or the connecting line of the circle centers of the three-shaft bearing hole, the two-shaft bearing hole and the one-shaft bearing hole of the shell form an N-shaped structure from a side view angle;

a first shaft bearing is installed in a first shaft bearing hole, a second shaft bearing is installed in a second shaft bearing hole, a third shaft bearing is installed in a third shaft bearing hole, a differential bearing is installed in a differential bearing hole, a first driving gear is sleeved on the first shaft bearing, a first driven gear is sleeved on the second shaft bearing and connected with a second driving gear, the first driven gear is meshed with the first driving gear, a third driving gear is sleeved on the third shaft bearing and connected with a second driven gear, the second driven gear is meshed with the second driving gear, the third driving gear is meshed with a third driven gear, and the power output end of the third driven gear is connected with a differential assembly.

2. The reducer for the new energy light truck drive axle according to claim 1, wherein the shell cover and the shell are separately designed and connected through a hexagon bolt.

3. The reducer for the new energy light truck drive axle according to claim 2, wherein the three-shaft bearing hole, the two-shaft bearing hole and the one-shaft bearing hole in the housing cover are arranged in a triangular shape, the reinforcing ribs arranged at the bottoms of the one-shaft bearing hole and the three-shaft bearing hole provide an oil storage chamber for the bearing, a V-shaped oil baffle plate with an inclined angle is arranged right above the one-shaft bearing hole, a dark oil groove is arranged at the bottom of the V-shaped oil baffle plate, and gear oil splashed at a high speed by the gear is collected and guided into and lubricates the one-shaft bearing through the dark oil groove.

4. The decelerator for new forms of energy light truck transaxles of claim 3, wherein an inclined sump is provided above the side of the triaxial bearing aperture, the other end of the sump being located at the cover and housing mounting surface, to direct gear oil collected by the housing into the triaxial bearing aperture at low-to-high speeds to lubricate the triaxial bearing.

5. The reducer for the new energy light truck drive axle according to claim 4, wherein a diamond-shaped open oil groove is obliquely and downwardly arranged between the three-shaft bearing hole and the one-shaft bearing hole, and the diamond-shaped open oil groove naturally guides gear oil at the three-shaft bearing hole into the one-shaft bearing hole, collects gear oil adhered above the open oil groove and guides the gear oil into the one-shaft bearing hole, thereby supplementing the hidden danger that the oil collecting effect of the V-shaped oil baffle plate above the one-shaft bearing hole at a low speed is weak or even ineffective.

6. The reducer for the new energy light truck drive axle according to claim 2, wherein the casing is also provided with a three-axis bearing hole, a two-axis bearing hole and a one-axis bearing hole, the three-axis bearing hole, the two-axis bearing hole and the one-axis bearing hole are arranged in a triangular shape in the casing, and a reinforcing rib arranged at the bottom of the three-axis bearing hole provides an oil storage cavity for the bearing.

7. The reducer for the new energy light truck drive axle according to claim 6, wherein an inclined V-shaped oil baffle is arranged right above a bearing hole of a shaft in the shell, and a sump is arranged at the bottom of the V-shaped oil baffle; a step-shaped L-shaped oil baffle plate with an inclined angle is arranged above the side of the triaxial bearing hole, and an inclined oil groove is arranged at the bottom of the L-shaped oil baffle plate so as to collect and guide gear oil adhered or splashed by the three-stage driven gear under low-high speed into the triaxial bearing hole;

a hidden oil groove is obliquely and downwards arranged between the three-shaft bearing hole and the first shaft bearing hole, gear oil at the three-shaft bearing hole is naturally guided into the first shaft bearing hole by the hidden oil groove, and the hidden danger that the oil collecting effect of the V-shaped oil baffle plate above the low-speed next shaft bearing hole is weak or even ineffective is supplemented.

8. The decelerator for new energy light truck drive axle according to claim 7, wherein the casing is provided with a double V-shaped oil baffle distributed up and down near the upper region of the differential assembly, the double V-shaped oil baffle includes an upper oil baffle and a lower oil baffle, the bottom of the upper oil baffle is provided with a through hole to allow the oil collected by the upper oil baffle to be guided to the lower oil baffle, the lower bottom of the double V-shaped oil baffle is provided with a downward inclined blind oil groove at the side, the other end of the blind oil groove is located at the mounting surface of the casing and the casing cover, and the gear oil collected by the double V-shaped oil baffle at low-high speed is guided into the triaxial bearing hole of the casing cover through the blind oil groove of the casing cover.

9. The reducer for the new-energy light truck drive axle according to claim 8, wherein the distance between the stepped L-shaped oil baffle and the adjacent gear is set to be 5mm in a state that the gears are assembled on the double V-shaped oil baffle, and when the gears at all levels rotate reversely at low speed, gear oil is extruded into the oil baffles by virtue of the oil pumping action of the gears, so that the reliable lubrication of the bearing in the reduction gearbox is ensured when the whole vehicle retreats.

10. The decelerator for new energy light truck transaxles of claim 1, wherein the decelerator housing is assembled by:

s1, pressing outer rings of the first shaft bearing, the second shaft bearing and the third shaft bearing into corresponding bearing holes of the shell cover, wherein a gasket with a pre-selected thickness needs to be added at the outer ring end of each bearing before assembly;

s2, further sequentially pressing and installing the oil seal and the outer rings of the first shaft bearing, the second shaft bearing, the third shaft bearing and the differential bearing into corresponding mounting holes of the shell, and adding a gasket with a pre-selected thickness in front of the outer ring of the differential bearing on the shell cover side in a pressing mode;

s3, further pressing the inner ring with roller assemblies of the pair of shaft bearings on the primary driving gear; assembling a primary driven gear to a secondary driving gear, and pressing an inner ring with roller assembly of a pair of two-shaft bearings on the secondary driving gear; assembling a secondary driven gear to a tertiary driving gear, and pressing an inner ring with roller assembly of a pair of three-shaft bearings on the tertiary driving gear;

s4, further sequentially placing the components of the pressed gear and the bearing into a shell of the pressed bearing outer ring;

s5, further covering the shell cover with the bearing outer ring in a press fit mode with the shell, and connecting and fastening the shell cover and the shell through a plurality of hexagon head bolts;

s6, sleeving four planet gears on a cross shaft, then placing the cross shaft and two half axle gears into a right differential shell, and fastening the right differential shell and a left differential shell by bolts after the right differential shell and the left differential shell are closed to form a differential assembly;

s7, further connecting the three-stage driven gear with the differential assembly through a hexagon head bolt, and then pressing the three-stage driven gear into an inner ring belt roller assembly of the differential bearing;

s8, further placing the differential assembly with the assembled gear and bearing into a shell, covering a bearing cover tightly and fastening by using a bearing cover bolt; and assembling the reducer assembly.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the key technical field of new energy light truck drive axles, in particular to a speed reducer for a new energy light truck drive axle, which is compact in arrangement, convenient to install, high in lubricating performance and impact resistance, and capable of meeting the market requirements of energy conservation, emission reduction, weight reduction and cost reduction of a whole automobile on the basis of ensuring the performance of a traditional fuel automobile of the new energy light truck.

Background

Along with the steady popularization and application of new energy automobile technology in the world, especially the electromotion process of the traditional fuel oil vehicle is abnormally rapid. The electric driving axle has the advantages that a plurality of subdivided vehicle types are developed on the basis of commercial light truck chassis, the electric driving requirements of vehicle types such as urban logistics vehicles, sanitation vehicles, scenic spot sightseeing vehicles and the like are increasingly vigorous, a parallel shaft type electric driving axle with a high-speed motor directly connected with a speed reducer is generally adopted in the industry at present to replace a power system and a transmission system of a traditional fuel vehicle, and the parallel shaft type electric driving axle adopts a reduction ratio higher than 15 to effectively control the product overall dimensions of the high-speed motor and the speed reducer.

Chinese patent application publication No. CN202812153U discloses a gear reducer for a crown block, which is characterized in that: the device comprises a machine body and a machine cover, wherein the machine body is connected with the machine cover, a three-level gear, a hollow shaft and an input shaft which are meshed in parallel are arranged in the machine body, the uppermost end of the input shaft is meshed with the three-level gear, and a third-level gear of the three-level gear is fixed on the hollow shaft; the lubricating device is connected with the oil pouring port through an oil pipe, and is connected with the oil returning port through an oil pipe. The utility model provides a gear reducer for overhead traveling crane, the one end of watering opening in the organism is the shower head, be equipped with small-size oil pump in the lubricating arrangement, the hollow shaft hole is the taper hole, the organism is equipped with a lug outward, and its lug is the footing.

Although the gear reducer is a three-stage speed reducer, the speed reducer does not contain a differential mechanism structure, and three pairs of gears are arranged in a straight line, and the gears and the bearings are lubricated by pouring oil from top to bottom through an oil pump and an oil pipe which are installed on an input shaft. The gear reducer is wide in appearance, the weight and the cost of the product are increased rapidly due to the installed oil pump and the installed oil pipe, the practicability of the product is greatly reduced, and the design concept of energy conservation and emission reduction of a new energy vehicle is not met.

Chinese patent application publication No. CN208221550U discloses a reduction gear casing, including the casing that is hollow structure, has and accepts the chamber, the casing includes procapsid and back casing, the procapsid with back casing sets up relatively, the procapsid with back casing relative position has set gradually input part, transmission portion and output, oil inlet and oil-out have been seted up to the outer wall of casing, reduction gear casing still includes: the oil guide wall is accommodated in the accommodating cavity, the edge of the oil guide wall is abutted against the inner wall of the accommodating cavity to form an oil guide cavity, the input part, the transmission part and the output part are positioned in the oil guide cavity, and the oil inlet and the oil outlet are respectively communicated with the oil guide cavity;

the oil guide wall is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the accommodating cavity through a fixing structure, and the density of the oil guide wall is smaller than that of the shell.

The input part, the transmission part and the output part of the speed reducer form a V-shaped arrangement form, and although the shell of the speed reducer has certain functions of lubrication and differential speed, the mechanism is only suitable for the speed reducer with two pairs of gears with small speed ratio, and is not suitable for the speed reducer with three pairs of gears with large speed ratio and high torque capacity. The method is characterized in that no speed reducer with high speed ratio, high torque capacity, high-efficiency lubrication and impact resistance exists at present, and a lubrication path and a design concept when the whole vehicle moves forwards or backwards at low speed are not involved.

The invention aims to provide a speed reducer for a new energy light truck drive axle, which is compact in arrangement, convenient and fast to install, has high-efficiency lubricating performance and shock resistance, and is an important part and a key technology for upgrading a traditional drive axle into an electric drive axle.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a speed reducer for a new energy light truck drive axle.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

a speed reducer for a new energy light truck drive axle comprises a shell cover and a shell body which are connected with each other, wherein three-shaft bearing holes, two-shaft bearing holes and one-shaft bearing holes are formed in the shell cover and the shell body respectively;

the bearing hole of the differential mechanism and the shell cover or the connecting line of the circle centers of the three-shaft bearing hole, the two-shaft bearing hole and the one-shaft bearing hole of the shell form an N-shaped structure from a side view angle;

a first shaft bearing is installed in a first shaft bearing hole, a second shaft bearing is installed in a second shaft bearing hole, a third shaft bearing is installed in a third shaft bearing hole, a differential bearing is installed in a differential bearing hole, a first driving gear is sleeved on the first shaft bearing, a first driven gear is sleeved on the second shaft bearing and connected with a second driving gear, the first driven gear is meshed with the first driving gear, a third driving gear is sleeved on the third shaft bearing and connected with a second driven gear, the second driven gear is meshed with the second driving gear, the third driving gear is meshed with a third driven gear, and the power output end of the third driven gear is connected with a differential assembly.

Further, the shell cover and the shell are designed in a split mode and are connected through a hexagon bolt.

Further, triaxial dead eye, two dead eyes, the dead eye of the first axle in the cap are triangle-shaped and arranges, and the strengthening rib that the dead eye of the first axle set up bottom the dead eye of the third axle provides the oil storage chamber for the bearing, sets up the V-arrangement oil baffle at a band angle of inclination directly over the dead eye of the first axle, and V-arrangement oil baffle bottom sets up a dark oil groove, collects the gear oil that splashes at a high speed of gear and via the leading-in and lubricated first axle bearing of dark oil groove.

Furthermore, an inclined oil groove is arranged above the side of the triaxial bearing hole, the other end of the oil groove is positioned at the mounting surface of the shell cover and the shell, and gear oil collected by the shell is guided into the triaxial bearing hole under the low-high speed condition to lubricate the triaxial bearing.

Furthermore, a diamond-shaped open oil groove with a cross section is obliquely and downwards arranged between the three-shaft bearing hole and the one-shaft bearing hole, the diamond-shaped open oil groove naturally guides gear oil at the three-shaft bearing hole into the one-shaft bearing hole, collects gear oil adhered to the upper side of the open oil groove and guides the gear oil into the one-shaft bearing hole, and hidden danger that an oil collecting effect of a V-shaped oil baffle plate above the lower-speed one-shaft bearing hole is weak or even invalid is supplemented.

Furthermore, also be equipped with triaxial dead eye, two dead eyes and one shaft dead eye on the casing, triaxial dead eye, two dead eyes and one shaft dead eye are triangle-shaped in the casing and arrange, and the strengthening rib that triaxial dead eye bottom set up provides the oil storage chamber for the bearing.

Furthermore, an inclined V-shaped oil baffle plate is arranged right above a bearing hole of a shaft in the shell, and a dark oil groove is arranged at the bottom of the V-shaped oil baffle plate; a step-shaped L-shaped oil baffle plate with an inclined angle is arranged above the side of the triaxial bearing hole, and an inclined oil groove is arranged at the bottom of the L-shaped oil baffle plate so as to collect and guide gear oil adhered or splashed by the three-stage driven gear under low-high speed into the triaxial bearing hole;

a hidden oil groove is obliquely and downwards arranged between the three-shaft bearing hole and the first shaft bearing hole, gear oil at the three-shaft bearing hole is naturally guided into the first shaft bearing hole by the hidden oil groove, and the hidden danger that the oil collecting effect of the V-shaped oil baffle plate above the low-speed next shaft bearing hole is weak or even ineffective is supplemented.

Furthermore, the area of the shell above the differential assembly is provided with a double-V-shaped oil baffle plate which has an inclination angle and is distributed up and down, the double-V-shaped oil baffle plate comprises an upper oil baffle plate and a lower oil baffle plate, the bottom of the upper oil baffle plate is provided with a through hole, so that oil collected by the upper oil baffle plate can be led into the lower oil baffle plate, the lateral side of the lower bottom of the double-V-shaped oil baffle plate is provided with a downward-inclined blind oil groove, the other end of the blind oil groove is positioned on the mounting surface of the shell and the shell cover, and gear oil collected by the double-V-shaped oil baffle plate at low-high speed is led into a triaxial bearing hole of the shell cover through the shell cover blind oil groove.

Furthermore, the space between the stepped L-shaped oil baffle and the adjacent gear is set to be 5mm in the state that the gears are assembled on the double-V-shaped oil baffle, and when the gears at all levels rotate reversely at low speed, gear oil is extruded into the oil baffles under the oil pumping action of the gears, so that the reliable lubrication of bearings in the reduction gearbox when the whole vehicle retreats is ensured.

Further, when the speed reducer case is assembled:

s1, pressing outer rings of the first shaft bearing, the second shaft bearing and the third shaft bearing into corresponding bearing holes of the shell cover, wherein a gasket with a pre-selected thickness needs to be added at the outer ring end of each bearing before assembly;

s2, further sequentially pressing and installing the oil seal and the outer rings of the first shaft bearing, the second shaft bearing, the third shaft bearing and the differential bearing into corresponding mounting holes of the shell, and adding a gasket with a pre-selected thickness before pressing and installing the outer ring of the differential bearing on the shell cover side;

s3, further pressing the inner ring with roller assemblies of the pair of shaft bearings on the primary driving gear; assembling a primary driven gear to a secondary driving gear, and pressing an inner ring with roller assembly of a pair of two-shaft bearings on the secondary driving gear; assembling a secondary driven gear to a tertiary driving gear, and pressing an inner ring with roller assembly of a pair of three-shaft bearings on the tertiary driving gear;

s4, further sequentially placing the components of the pressed gear and the bearing into a shell of the pressed bearing outer ring;

s5, further covering the shell cover with the bearing outer ring in a press fit mode with the shell, and connecting and fastening the shell cover and the shell through a plurality of hexagon head bolts;

s6, sleeving four planet gears on a cross shaft, then placing the cross shaft and two half axle gears into a right differential shell, and fastening the right differential shell and a left differential shell by bolts after the right differential shell and the left differential shell are closed to form a differential assembly;

s7, further connecting the three-stage driven gear with the differential assembly through a hexagon head bolt, and then pressing the three-stage driven gear into an inner ring belt roller assembly of the differential bearing;

s8, further placing the differential assembly with the assembled gear and bearing into a shell, covering a bearing cover tightly and fastening by using a bearing cover bolt; and assembling the reducer assembly.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the speed reducer is a key technology of a drive axle for a new energy light truck drive axle, is compact in structural arrangement, convenient and fast to install, has high-efficiency lubricating performance and impact resistance, can replace the traditional speed reducer of the drive axle and upgrade the traditional speed reducer into a high-performance electric drive axle, meets the market demands of energy conservation, emission reduction, weight reduction and cost reduction of a finished automobile, and has wide market application prospect.

Compared with the prior art, in the patent with publication number CN202812153U, three pairs of gears of the speed reducer are arranged in a straight line shape, the gears and the bearings are lubricated by additionally mounting an oil pump and an oil pipe on the input shaft for pouring oil up and down, and the product does not have a differential function; in the patent of CN208221550U, two pairs of gears of the speed reducer are arranged in a V shape, the number of gears and bearings required to be lubricated is less, and the used differential has weak shock resistance and is not suitable for the use working condition that a new energy vehicle is frequently and rapidly accelerated and decelerated.

The invention relates to a speed reducer in which three pairs of gears are arranged in an N shape, and the technical creativity is as follows: 1. the spacing distance between each pair of gears is small and compact, the requirement of the product on the speed ratio of more than 15 is met, and the overall dimension of the product is reduced to the maximum extent; 2. according to different positions of each bearing and each gear, each L-shaped, V-shaped and double-V-shaped oil baffle plate is designed on the shell and the shell cover of the speed reducer and close to each gear, and the designed cross sections are rhombic open oil grooves and rhombic dark oil grooves, so that efficient lubrication of the new energy vehicle during low-high speed forward movement or low-speed backward movement is ensured; 3. the cross axle type differential with strong torque capacity is adopted, so that the differential is more suitable for the impact brought by frequent and rapid acceleration and deceleration of a new energy vehicle; 4. the bearing all adopts the tapered roller bearing of high bearing capacity and controls the pretension of bearing through the gasket of selecting to add suitable thickness at the cap side, makes the assembly maintenance more simple convenient when reducing part quantity.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an assembled axial expanded view of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a side view of the housing cover of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the direction of gear oil flow when the cover is in a forward operating condition;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the direction of gear oil flow when the housing cover is in a reverse operating condition;

FIG. 6 is a side view of the housing;

FIG. 7 is a schematic representation of the gear oil flow direction of the housing in a forward condition;

FIG. 8 is a schematic representation of the gear oil flow direction for the case in the reverse condition;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing the direction of oil flow to the gear at the end of the housing connected to the cover.

Detailed Description

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the speed reducer for the new energy light truck drive axle comprises a shell cover 1 and a shell 2 which are connected with each other, wherein a three-shaft bearing hole, a two-shaft bearing hole and a one-shaft bearing hole are respectively formed in the shell cover 1 and the shell 2, a differential assembly 8 is installed on one side of the shell 2, the differential assembly 8 is provided with a differential bearing hole, and a differential bearing 9, a bearing cover 10 and a bearing cover bolt 11 are arranged on the differential assembly 8;

the differential assembly 8 comprises a left differential case 13 and a right differential case 12, wherein the left differential case 13 and the right differential case 12 are internally provided with a planetary gear 16, a cross shaft 15 and half-shaft gears 17, the number of the planetary gears 16 is four, the number of the half-shaft gears 17 is two, the four planetary gears 16 are sleeved on the cross shaft 15, then the four planetary gears are arranged in the right differential case 12 together with the two half-shaft gears 17, and the four planetary gears are fastened through differential case bolts 14 after being covered with the left differential case 13 to form the differential assembly 8.

The bearing hole of the differential mechanism and the circle center connecting lines of the three-shaft bearing hole, the two-shaft bearing hole and the one-shaft bearing hole on the shell cover 1 form an N-shaped structure from a side view angle; the bearing hole of the differential mechanism and the circle center connecting line of the three-shaft bearing hole, the two-shaft bearing hole and the one-shaft bearing hole on the shell 2 form an N-shaped structure from a side view angle;

the "N" configuration is in a "one" configuration relative to the three pairs of gears described in the CN202812153U patent and in a "V" configuration relative to the two pairs of gears described in the CN208221550U patent; compared with the straight-line structure and the V-shaped structure, the N-shaped structure is more compact in arrangement and worse in lubricating condition of the bearing, and especially the lubricating path design when the whole vehicle moves forwards or backwards at low speed is considered.

A first shaft bearing 4 is installed in a first shaft bearing hole, a second shaft bearing 6 is installed in a second shaft bearing hole, a third shaft bearing 7 is installed in a third shaft bearing hole, a differential bearing 9 is installed in a differential bearing hole, a first driving gear 01 is sleeved on the first shaft bearing 4, a first driven gear 02 is sleeved on the second shaft bearing 6, the first driven gear 02 is connected with a second driving gear 03, the first driven gear 02 is meshed with the first driving gear 01, a third driving gear 05 is sleeved on the third shaft bearing 7, the third driving gear 05 is connected with a second driven gear 04, the second driven gear 04 is meshed with the second driving gear 03, the third driving gear 05 is meshed with a third driven gear 06, and the power output end of the third driven.

The invention adopts three pairs of gears which are arranged in an N shape, the spacing distance between the gears is small and compact, the requirement of a product with a large speed ratio of more than 15 is met, and the overall dimension of the product is reduced to the maximum extent; the cross axle type differential with strong torque capacity is adopted, so that the differential is more suitable for the impact brought by frequent and rapid acceleration and deceleration of a new energy vehicle; each bearing adopts a tapered roller bearing with high bearing capacity, and the pre-tightening of the bearing is controlled by selectively adding a gasket 07 with proper thickness at the shell cover side, so that the assembly and maintenance are simpler and more convenient while the number of parts is reduced. Note: the prior art does not find an assembly mode of applying a cross shaft type differential and a tapered roller bearing on a new energy reducer.

Further, the housing cover 1 and the housing 2 are designed separately and connected by a hexagon head bolt 3.

When the speed reducer shell is assembled, the method comprises the following steps:

1. installing outer rings of a first shaft bearing 4, a second shaft bearing 6 and a third shaft bearing 7 into corresponding bearing holes of a shell cover 1, and adding a gasket 07 with a pre-selected thickness at the end of each bearing outer ring before assembly;

2. further pressing outer rings of the oil seal 5, the first shaft bearing 4, the second shaft bearing 6, the third shaft bearing 7 and the differential bearing 9 into corresponding mounting holes of the shell 2 in sequence, and particularly adding a gasket 07 with a pre-selected thickness before pressing and mounting the outer ring of the differential bearing 9 on the shell cover side;

3. further press-fitting the inner ring belt roller assemblies of the pair of one-shaft bearings 4 on the primary driving gear 01; assembling a primary driven gear 02 to a secondary driving gear 03, and press-fitting an inner ring belt roller assembly of a pair of two-shaft bearings 6 on the secondary driving gear 03; pressing the secondary driven gear 04 onto the tertiary driving gear 05, and pressing the inner ring with roller assemblies of the pair of three-shaft bearings 7 onto the tertiary driving gear 05;

4. further, the components of the pressed gear and the bearing are sequentially placed into a shell 2 of the pressed bearing outer ring;

5. further closing the shell cover 1 with the bearing outer ring pressed and mounted thereon with the shell 2, and connecting and fastening the shell cover and the shell cover through a plurality of hexagon bolts 3;

6. further, 4 planetary gears 16 are sleeved on a cross shaft 15, then are arranged in a right differential case 12 together with 2 side gears 17, and then are covered by a left differential case 13 and fastened by a plurality of differential case bolts 14 to form a differential assembly 8;

7. further connecting the third-stage driven gear 06 with a differential assembly 8 through a hexagon head bolt 3, and then pressing the third-stage driven gear into an inner ring belt roller assembly of a differential bearing 9;

8. further putting the differential assembly 8 assembled with the gear and the bearing into the shell 2, covering the bearing cover 10 tightly and fastening by a bearing cover bolt 11; and assembling the reducer assembly.

Furthermore, a three-shaft bearing hole, a two-shaft bearing hole and a one-shaft bearing hole in the shell cover 1 are arranged in a triangular shape. The reinforcing ribs arranged at the bottoms of the first shaft bearing hole and the third shaft bearing hole provide an oil storage cavity for the bearing, and the oil storage cavity or other oil grooves are not needed to be arranged because the second shaft bearing hole is positioned at the lowest end and part of the area is covered by gear oil;

a V-shaped oil baffle plate 001 with an inclined angle is arranged right above a first shaft bearing hole (the distance between the V-shaped oil baffle plate 001 and a gear is about 5mm in a gear assembling state), a hidden oil groove 002 is arranged at the bottom of the V-shaped oil baffle plate 001, gear oil splashed at a high speed by the gear can be collected by the V-shaped oil baffle plate 001 and is guided into a first shaft bearing 4 through the hidden oil groove 002, and effective lubrication of the first shaft bearing 4 on the side of the shell cover 1 at a high speed is guaranteed;

an inclined oil groove 003 is arranged above the side of the triaxial bearing hole, and the other end of the oil groove 003 is positioned at the mounting surface of the shell cover 1 and the shell 2 (the oil groove at the corresponding position on the shell can be communicated when the shell is closed) so as to guide the gear oil collected by the low-high speed lower shell into the triaxial bearing hole; an open oil groove 004 with a rhombic cross section is obliquely and downwards arranged between the three-shaft bearing hole and the first shaft bearing hole, the rhombic open oil groove 004 can naturally guide gear oil at the three-shaft bearing hole into the first shaft bearing hole and can also collect gear oil adhered above the open oil groove 004 and guide the gear oil into the first shaft bearing hole, and the hidden danger that the oil collecting effect of a V-shaped oil baffle above the lower shaft bearing hole at a low speed is weak or even invalid can be effectively supplemented.

In addition, a three-shaft bearing hole, a two-shaft bearing hole and a one-shaft bearing hole are also formed in the shell 2, the three-shaft bearing hole, the two-shaft bearing hole and the one-shaft bearing hole are arranged in the shell 2 in a triangular mode, reinforcing ribs arranged at the bottom of the three-shaft bearing hole provide an oil storage cavity for the bearing, and the one-shaft bearing hole is an input shaft hole, the two-shaft bearing hole part can be covered by gear oil and is not provided with the oil storage cavity; an inclined V-shaped oil baffle plate 101 is arranged right above a bearing hole of the first shaft, a hidden oil groove 102 is arranged at the bottom of the V-shaped oil baffle plate 101, gear oil splashed at a high speed by the gear can be collected by the V-shaped oil baffle plate 101 and guided into the first shaft bearing 4 through the hidden oil groove 102, and effective lubrication of the first shaft bearing 4 on the side of the shell 2 at a high speed is ensured; a step-shaped L-shaped oil baffle plate 103 with an inclined angle is arranged above the side of the triaxial bearing hole, and an inclined oil sump 104 is arranged at the bottom of the L-shaped oil baffle plate 103 so as to collect and guide gear oil adhered or splashed by the low-high speed lower three-stage driven gear 06 into the triaxial bearing hole; a hidden oil groove 105 is obliquely and downwards arranged between the three-shaft bearing hole and the one-shaft bearing hole, gear oil at the three-shaft bearing hole can be naturally guided into the one-shaft bearing hole by the hidden oil groove 105, and the hidden danger that the oil collecting effect of the V-shaped oil baffle plate above the lower-speed one-shaft bearing hole is weak or even invalid can be effectively supplemented. The other side of the shell 2 needs to be covered with the shell cover 1 through the hexagon head bolts 3, and the region of the side close to the upper part of the differential assembly 8 is provided with a double V-shaped oil baffle plate 106 which has an inclined angle and is distributed up and down. The upper bottom of the double-V-shaped oil baffle 106 is provided with a through hole, so that oil collected by the upper oil baffle can be guided into the lower oil baffle, the lower bottom of the double-V-shaped oil baffle is laterally provided with a downward inclined oil groove 107, and the other end of the oil groove 107 is positioned at the mounting surface of the shell 2 and the shell cover 1 (the oil groove can be communicated with the corresponding position on the shell cover when the shell cover is closed), so that gear oil collected by the double-V-shaped oil baffle at low-high speed is guided into the triaxial bearing hole of the shell cover through the shell cover oil groove. The space between the stepped L-shaped oil baffle plate 103 and the adjacent gear is set to be about 5mm in the state that the gears are assembled by the double-V-shaped oil baffle plate 106, so that when all stages of gears are reversely rotated at low speed, gear oil can be extruded into the oil baffle plates by virtue of the oil pumping action of the gears, and the reliable lubrication of the gear and the bearing in the reduction gearbox when the whole vehicle retreats is ensured.

It is worth mentioning that the prior art does not mention the design of differentiated shapes of the oil baffle plates, does not mention that each oil baffle plate should be designed with reasonable height and width to ensure reasonable distance with the similar gear, and does not mention the oil sump arranged at the bottom of each oil baffle plate; the prior art also does not provide the technical application of the open oil groove with the rhombic cross section for collecting gear oil adhered to the shell for auxiliary lubrication. These are all part of the inventive step of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 3, 4 and 5, the gear oil level is positioned at the two-shaft bearing hole 1/3 at the lowest end when the two-shaft bearing 6 is in a standing state, and can be normally lubricated; when the whole vehicle runs at a high speed in a middle-high speed, effective lubrication of each gear and a bearing can be ensured by virtue of the splashing effect of the gear and the oil guide function of each oil baffle plate and each oil groove;

when the whole vehicle advances at a low speed, the gear oil collected by the oil baffle plate 106 and the dark oil groove 107 of the shell 2 at a low speed can be guided into and lubricate the triaxial bearing 7 by the dark oil groove 003 arranged above the hole side of the triaxial bearing, and then the gear oil at the hole of the triaxial bearing is guided into and lubricate the first shaft bearing 4 by the rhombic bright oil groove 004; meanwhile, gear oil adhered to the upper side of the open oil groove can naturally flow into a shaft bearing hole, and the hidden danger that the oil baffle 001 and the dark oil groove 002 above the lower shaft bearing 4 at a low speed are weak in oil collecting effect or even ineffective can be effectively supplemented.

When the whole vehicle moves backwards at a low speed, the oil baffle 106 and the dark oil groove 107 of the shell 2 can still collect gear oil adhered to the three-stage driven gear 06 to guide in and lubricate the three-shaft bearing 7, and then guide in and lubricate the one-shaft bearing 4 through the diamond-shaped bright oil groove 004; meanwhile, an oil baffle 001 and a dark oil groove 002 which are arranged right above the first shaft bearing 4 can collect gear oil splashed by the reverse rotation of the second-stage driven gear 04 and guide the gear oil into the first shaft bearing 4 for lubrication; the effective lubrication of each bearing during low-speed backing is ensured;

fig. 6 to 9 are schematic diagrams illustrating a side view of the housing and a flow direction of the gear oil under forward and backward operating conditions according to the present invention; FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the direction of oil flow of the gear at the end of the housing to which the cover is attached according to the present invention; this example is further illustrated:

when the gear oil is placed still, the liquid level of the gear oil is positioned at the position of the two-shaft bearing hole 1/3 at the lowest end, and the two-shaft bearing 6 can be normally lubricated; when the whole vehicle runs at a high speed in a middle-high speed, effective lubrication of each gear and a bearing can be ensured by virtue of the splashing effect of the gear and the oil guide function of each oil baffle plate and each oil groove;

when the whole vehicle advances at a low speed, gear oil adhered to the third-stage driven gear 06 is squeezed into the oil baffle plate 103 and the oil groove 104 above the side of the three-shaft bearing hole to lubricate the three-shaft bearing 7, and then the gear oil at the three-shaft bearing hole is led into the lubricating one-shaft bearing 4 through the oil groove 105 arranged between the three-shaft bearing hole and the two-shaft bearing hole;

when the whole vehicle moves backwards at a low speed, gear oil adhered to the third-stage driven gear 06 can still be reversely pumped into the oil baffle plate 103 above the side of the triaxial bearing hole and is guided into and lubricates the triaxial bearing 7 through the dark oil groove 104, and then lubricates the first shaft bearing 4 through the dark oil groove 105; meanwhile, an oil baffle plate 101 and a dark oil groove 102 which are arranged right above the first shaft bearing 4 can collect gear oil splashed by the reverse rotation of the third-stage driving gear 05 and guide the gear oil into the first shaft bearing 4 for lubrication; the effective lubrication of each bearing during low-speed backing is ensured;

no matter the whole vehicle moves forward at low speed or high speed or moves backward at low speed, because the distance between the oil baffle plate 106 of the shell 2 and the third-stage driven gear 06, the second-stage driven gear 04 and the differential assembly 8 is very close, gear oil adhered on the third-stage driven gear 06, the second-stage driven gear 04 and the differential assembly 8 can be pumped into the oil baffle plate 106 under the action of the self rotating force, continuous gear oil flows into the shell cover 1 through the dark oil groove 107 and the dark oil groove 003 on the shell cover 1, and each bearing and gear assembled at the shell cover 1 are lubricated efficiently.

The connecting line of the bearing hole of the differential mechanism and the shell cover or the circle centers of the three-shaft bearing hole, the two-shaft bearing hole and the one-shaft bearing hole of the shell form an N-shaped compact structure arrangement from a side view angle, thereby meeting the requirement of a product with a speed ratio of more than 15, reducing the overall dimension of the product to the maximum extent, and realizing the energy conservation, emission reduction, weight reduction and cost reduction of the whole vehicle; the cross axle type differential with strong torque capacity is adopted, so that the differential is more suitable for the impact brought by frequent and rapid acceleration and deceleration of a new energy vehicle; the bearing all adopts the tapered roller bearing of high bearing capacity and controls the pretension of bearing through the gasket of selecting to add suitable thickness at the cap side, makes the assembly maintenance more simple convenient when reducing part quantity. The oil baffle plates and the oil grooves which are ingeniously designed on the shell and the shell cover of the speed reducer and the compact arrangement of the gears ensure the efficient lubrication of the new energy vehicle when the new energy vehicle advances at a low speed or retreats at a low speed. The invention can replace the speed reducer of the traditional drive axle and upgrade the traditional drive axle into a high-performance electric drive axle

The speed reducer is a key technology of a drive axle for a new energy light truck drive axle, is compact in structural arrangement, convenient and fast to install, has high-efficiency lubricating performance and impact resistance, can replace the traditional speed reducer of the drive axle and upgrade the traditional speed reducer into a high-performance electric drive axle, meets the market demands of energy conservation, emission reduction, weight reduction and cost reduction of a finished automobile, and has wide market application prospect.

The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent changes in shape and structure made by using the contents of the present specification and drawings, or applied directly or indirectly to other related technical fields are included in the scope of the present invention.