阅读说明：本技术 一种石油套管切割等离子喷头 (Plasma nozzle for cutting petroleum casing pipe ) 是由 纪仁杰 崔晓风 刘永红 孙强 刘鹏 王亚婷 董天聪 王保坤 蔡宝平 刘增凯 于 2020-06-01 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于机械制造领域,具体地,涉及一种石油套管切割等离子喷头。该喷头包括：喷嘴、喷嘴冷却罩、连接头、内电极、内电极冷却水管、内电极座、绝缘环套、外壳；其中：喷嘴和喷嘴冷却罩通过螺纹与连接头连接,连接头通过螺纹连接在外壳左端,内电极通过螺纹与内电极座连接,内电极冷却水管通过螺纹连接在内电极座内部,内电极座通过螺纹连接在绝缘环套内,绝缘环套通过螺纹与外壳连接。本发明利用喷嘴和内电极端面间放电产生的高温高速等离子弧进行石油套管切割,具有结构简单、加工成本低、切割效率高等优点。(The invention belongs to the field of mechanical manufacturing, and particularly relates to a plasma nozzle for cutting an oil casing. This shower nozzle includes: the nozzle, the nozzle cooling cover, the connector, the inner electrode cooling water pipe, the inner electrode seat, the insulating ring sleeve and the shell; wherein: the nozzle and the nozzle cooling cover are connected with the connector through threads, the connector is connected to the left end of the shell through threads, the inner electrode is connected with the inner electrode base through threads, the inner electrode cooling water pipe is connected to the inner electrode base through threads, the inner electrode base is connected to the inner insulating ring sleeve through threads, and the insulating ring sleeve is connected with the shell through threads. The invention utilizes the high-temperature and high-speed plasma arc generated by the discharge between the nozzle and the end face of the inner electrode to cut the petroleum casing pipe, and has the advantages of simple structure, low processing cost, high cutting efficiency and the like.)

1. An oil casing cutting plasma nozzle comprising: the nozzle, the nozzle cooling cover, the connector, the inner electrode cooling water pipe, the inner electrode seat, the insulating ring sleeve and the shell; the method is characterized in that: the nozzle and the nozzle cooling cover are connected with the connector through threads, the connector is connected at the left end of the shell through threads, the inner electrode is connected with the inner electrode holder through threads, the inner electrode cooling water pipe is connected inside the inner electrode holder through threads, the inner electrode holder is connected in the insulating ring sleeve through threads, the insulating ring sleeve is connected with the shell through threads, and the cutting of the petroleum sleeve is realized by high-temperature and high-speed plasma arc generated by the discharge between the nozzle and the end face of the inner electrode.

2. The oil casing cutting plasma nozzle of claim 1, wherein: the structure of the connector comprises a cylindrical section, a head thread section, an internal thread section and an external thread section, the nozzle is connected with the internal thread section of the connector through tail threads, the nozzle cooling cover is connected with the head thread section of the connector through tail threads, a round hole and a threaded hole are formed in the nozzle cooling cover, the head of the nozzle is located at the center of the round hole, and the connector is connected to the shell through external threads; the structure of the inner electrode seat is composed of an external thread section, a cylindrical section and three coaxial large, middle and small stepped holes, wherein the middle stepped hole and the small stepped hole are provided with threads; the insulating ring sleeve is composed of a cylindrical section, an external thread section, a long stepped hole, a short stepped hole and a through hole, the insulating ring sleeve is connected inside the shell through external threads, and the short stepped hole is provided with threads for connecting the inner electrode seat.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of mechanical manufacturing, and particularly relates to a plasma nozzle for cutting an oil casing.

Background

In the later stage of exploration and exploitation of an oil field, a sleeve in a waste oil well needs to be cut and recovered, and due to the aging of the oil field and the corrosion of the sleeve, the sleeve cannot be normally separated from the sleeve, and the sleeve can be recovered only after cutting. At present, the method for cutting petroleum casing pipes at home and abroad mainly comprises methods such as mechanical cutting, chemical cutting, energy-gathering explosive cutting and the like.

The mechanical cutting is to cut the petroleum casing pipe to be cut by using a tool such as a mechanical cutter or a hydraulic cutter, and the mechanical cutter of the casing pipe is generally a tungsten carbide cutter. When the mode that adopts mechanical cutting carries out the sleeve pipe cutting, need not heat the sleeve pipe, the sheathed tube material performance after the cutting changes lessly, and mechanical cutting easily realizes automaticly, and the cutting process is for other cutting mode environmental protection, but there are cutter wearing and tearing, the cutting inefficiency scheduling problem in mechanical cutting.

The chemical cutting technology utilizes chemical change of substances filled in the sleeve to generate high-temperature and high-pressure chemical corrosion to cut off the sleeve. The casing formed by the chemical cutting method has a smooth section, the outer diameter of the pipe orifice is slightly larger than the original outer diameter, the cutting is not limited by the material and the size of the casing, and the cutting effect is good. However, chemical cutting has many disadvantages, and when underwater cutting is performed, the internal chemicals are easily affected by moisture, which may cause the chemicals to be ineffective and the cutting of the casing to be impossible.

The energy-gathered explosive cutting is to cut off the sleeve by using energy generated by explosive explosion, a energy-gathered cutting tool is put down to the position to be cut of the sleeve during cutting, and the sleeve is cut off by high-pressure high-speed airflow under the action of high temperature and high pressure after the explosive is detonated. During cutting, the energy gathering cutting knife is placed at the position to be cut of the sleeve, the sleeve is cut off by high-pressure airflow generated after explosive explosion, and the appearance of a fracture is extremely irregular. The dosage of the explosive is not easy to control, the dosage is less, and the sleeve cannot be completely cut off; too much dosage can release huge energy impact, and cause serious damage to the ecological environment around the oil well.

At present, the problems of low cutting efficiency, complex cutting process, high cost and the like generally exist in the common petroleum casing cutting method at home and abroad. The plasma cutting is to cut metal materials by utilizing high-temperature and high-speed plasma arcs, and has the advantages of high cutting efficiency, stable cutting process and the like when being used for cutting petroleum casing pipes. However, the existing plasma cutting nozzle and the supporting facilities generally have the problems of complex structure, large external dimension and the like, cannot be lowered into the petroleum casing for cutting, are mainly used for cutting plates at present, and have not been reported at home and abroad at present.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a plasma nozzle for cutting an oil casing. The nozzle can generate plasma arcs with high energy density, has the advantages of energy concentration, large impact force and stable plasma arcs, melts the sleeve material by utilizing the high-temperature effect generated by the high-temperature plasma arcs, blows the melted sleeve material and slag away from the matrix by utilizing the high-speed plasma arcs to form a cut to complete cutting, and has the advantages of high cutting efficiency, stable cutting process, low cutting cost and the like when being used for cutting petroleum sleeves.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following scheme:

oil casing cutting plasma nozzle includes: the nozzle, the nozzle cooling cover, the connector, the inner electrode cooling water pipe, the inner electrode seat, the insulating ring sleeve and the shell; wherein: the nozzle and the nozzle cooling cover are connected with the connector through threads, the connector is connected at the left end of the shell through threads, the inner electrode is connected with the inner electrode holder through threads, the inner electrode cooling water pipe is connected inside the inner electrode holder through threads, the inner electrode holder is connected in the insulating ring sleeve through threads, the insulating ring sleeve is connected with the shell through threads, and the cutting of the petroleum sleeve is realized by high-temperature and high-speed plasma arc generated by the discharge between the nozzle and the end face of the inner electrode.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. the plasma cutting method is adopted for cutting the petroleum casing, the problems of low cutting efficiency, unstable cutting process, serious cutter abrasion and the like of the traditional cutting method are solved, and the cutting efficiency is improved.

2. The plasma nozzle is designed in a detachable and replaceable mode, so that the plasma nozzle is convenient to machine and assemble, and the machining and maintenance cost of the plasma nozzle for cutting the petroleum casing is effectively reduced.

3. When the plasma cutting parameters are adjusted to cut the petroleum casing, the cutting of the petroleum casing with different inner diameters and wall thicknesses can be realized, and the work is efficient and reliable.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a plasma nozzle for cutting an oil casing;

FIG. 2 is a left side view of a plasma nozzle for cutting an oil casing;

FIG. 3 is a right side view of the oil casing cutting plasma nozzle;

in the figure: 1. the nozzle cooling cover 2, the nozzle 3, the connector 4, the inner electrode 5, the shell 6, the inner electrode cooling water pipe 7, the inner electrode seat 8 and the insulating ring sleeve.

Detailed Description

As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the plasma nozzle for cutting the oil casing comprises: the device comprises a nozzle cooling cover 1, a nozzle 2, a connector 3, an inner electrode 4, a shell 5, an inner electrode cooling water pipe 6, an inner electrode seat 7 and an insulating ring sleeve 8; wherein: the nozzle cooling cover 1 and the nozzle 2 are connected with the connector 3 through threads, a round hole and a threaded hole are formed in the nozzle cooling cover 1, and the head of the nozzle 2 is located at the center of the round hole; the structure of the connector 3 consists of a cylindrical section, a head threaded section, an internal threaded section and an external threaded section, the nozzle cooling cover 1 is connected with the head threaded section of the connector 3 through a tail thread, the nozzle 2 is connected with the internal threaded section of the connector 3 through a tail thread, and the connector 3 is connected on the shell 5 through an external thread; the structure of the inner electrode base 7 is composed of an external thread section, a cylindrical section and three coaxial large, middle and small stepped holes, wherein the middle stepped hole and the small stepped hole are provided with threads, the inner electrode 4 is connected with the middle stepped hole through tail threads, a rubber ring is arranged at the boss of the inner electrode 4 and used for sealing cooling liquid and compressed gas, the inner electrode cooling water pipe 6 is connected with the small stepped hole through the tail threads, and the inner electrode base 7 is connected inside the insulating ring sleeve 8 through external threads; the insulating ring sleeve 8 is composed of a cylindrical section, an external thread section, a long stepped hole, a short stepped hole and a through hole, the insulating ring sleeve 8 is connected inside the shell 5 through external threads, and the short stepped hole is provided with threads for connecting the inner electrode base 7.

When the petroleum casing pipe is cut, the plasma nozzle for cutting the petroleum casing pipe is horizontally arranged at the output end of the driving mechanism and is driven by the driving system to rotate and move up and down. The power supply positive wire is fixed on the shell 5 through a clamp, the power supply negative wire is connected with a threaded hole at the bottom of the inner electrode seat 7 through a threaded joint, and after the power supply is switched on, high-frequency arc striking between the nozzle 2 and the end face of the inner electrode 4 is realized; the gas pipeline is connected with a through hole in the insulating ring sleeve 8 through the PC thread through connector, compressed gas enters the insulating ring sleeve 8, the connector 3 and an annular cavity between the nozzle 2 and the inner electrode 4 through the through hole and is sprayed out through a center hole in the head of the nozzle 2, and the compressed gas can spray ion arcs generated by discharge between the nozzle 2 and the end face of the inner electrode 4 onto the inner wall of the petroleum sleeve, so that melting and slag removal of the petroleum sleeve are realized, the purpose of cutting the petroleum sleeve is achieved, and the cutting efficiency and the cutting stability are effectively improved.

The external cooling pipeline is connected with a threaded hole above the nozzle cooling cover 1 through a threaded joint, external cooling liquid flows in through the external cooling pipeline and flows out through an annular gap between the nozzle cooling cover 1 and the head of the nozzle 2, and cooling of the nozzle 2 is effectively achieved; internal cooling pipeline and power negative pole line integration in an organic whole are connected through the screw hole of screwed joint with the 7 bottoms of interior electrode holder, and internal cooling liquid flows in through internal cooling pipeline, flows through the circular hole outflow on interior electrode holder 7 behind interior electrode condenser tube 6 and the 4 inner chambers of inner electrode of interior electrode, has effectively realized the cooling of inner electrode 4. The nozzle 2 and the inner electrode 4 are cooled internally and externally at the same time, so that the service life of the plasma nozzle is effectively prolonged, and the maintenance cost is reduced.