Buoyancy self-elevating type large submarine mineral lifting system
阅读说明：本技术 一种浮力自升式的大块海底矿物提升系统 (Buoyancy self-elevating type large submarine mineral lifting system ) 是由 王华昆 余建星 余杨 李昊达 王彩妹 崔宇朋 于 2019-11-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明实施例公开了一种浮力自升式的大块海底矿物提升系统,包括：水面支持系统,设置在水面,用于接收自海底提升至水面的矿物；锚固系统,水面支持系统通过锚固系统进行定位,且锚固系统的一端固定在海底；提升系统,用于从海底将矿物提升至水面支持系统上,提升体统的两端分别设置在水面支持系统和海底的锚固系统上；其中,提升系统包括设置在水面支持系统与海底之间运行的传输系统,以及在浮力变化作用下沿传输系统交替运动的两个提升舱。本发明无需对矿物进行加工处理,利用两个提升舱之间浮力变化及其相互作用能够快速将大块矿物提升至水面。(The embodiment of the invention discloses a buoyancy self-elevating type large seabed mineral lifting system, which comprises: the water surface support system is arranged on the water surface and used for receiving the minerals lifted to the water surface from the seabed; the water surface support system is positioned through the anchoring system, and one end of the anchoring system is fixed on the seabed; the lifting system is used for lifting the minerals to the water surface supporting system from the seabed, and two ends of the lifting body system are respectively arranged on the water surface supporting system and the seabed anchoring system; the lifting system comprises a transmission system arranged between the water surface support system and the seabed for operation, and two lifting cabins which move along the transmission system alternately under the action of buoyancy change. According to the invention, the processing of minerals is not required, and the bulk minerals can be quickly lifted to the water surface by using the buoyancy change and interaction between the two lifting cabins.)
1. A buoyant jack-up bulk seafloor mineral lifting system, comprising:
the water surface support system is arranged on the water surface and used for receiving the minerals lifted to the water surface from the seabed;
the anchoring system is used for positioning the water surface support system, and one end of the anchoring system is fixed on the seabed;
a lifting system for lifting minerals from the seabed onto the surface support system, both ends of the lifting body system being respectively arranged on the surface support system and the anchoring system on the seabed;
wherein the lifting system comprises a transmission system arranged to operate between the surface support system and the seabed, and two lifting cabins (1) moving alternately along the transmission system under the effect of buoyancy variations.
2. The system for lifting the mineral on the seabed by buoyancy self-elevating type according to claim 1, wherein the water surface supporting system comprises a water surface supporting vessel (2) floating on the water surface, and a front gantry crane (13) and a rear gantry crane (14) arranged on the water surface supporting vessel (2), both ends of the water surface supporting vessel are provided with a sea shaft (3), and one side of the well mouth of each sea shaft (3) close to the center of the water surface supporting vessel is provided with a water surface pulley block supporting seat (4).
3. A buoyant jack-up seafloor mineral lifting system according to claim 2, wherein the anchoring system comprises a plurality of suction anchors (6) fixed to the bottom of the seabed (5), and a plurality of tension legs (7) fixed to the suction anchors (6), the tension legs (7) being fixedly connected to the surface support vessel (2), and a seafloor pulley block support (8) corresponding to the surface pulley block support (4) being fixed to the suction anchors (6).
4. A buoyant jack-up bulk seafloor mineral lifting system according to claim 3, it is characterized in that the transmission system comprises a top guide pulley block (9) arranged on a water surface pulley block supporting seat (4), and a seabed guide pulley block (10) arranged on the seabed pulley block supporting seat (8), wherein the two lifting cabins (1) are respectively arranged below the sea shaft (3) at two sides of the water surface supporting ship (2), one ends of the two lifting cabins (1) are connected by bypassing the outer side of the top guide pulley block (9) through the polyester cable (11), the other ends of the two lifting cabins (1) are connected by bypassing the outer side of the seabed guide pulley block (10) through the polyester cable (11), the polyester cable (11) passes through the sea shaft (3), and a lifting transport line is respectively formed below the sea shafts (3) on both sides of the water surface support ship (2).
5. A buoyant jack-up bulk seafloor mineral lifting system according to claim 4, wherein the suction anchors (6) are arranged in four side-by-side relationship, with the inner two suction anchors (6) being used to mount the seafloor block support (8) and the outer two suction anchors (6) being used to mount the tension legs (7).
6. A buoyant jack-up bulk seafloor mineral lifting system according to claim 5, wherein a seafloor positioning slot (12) is provided at the location of the seafloor pulley block support base (8), the top shape of the seafloor positioning slot (12) matching the bottom profile of the chamber (1) to position the chamber (1) as it travels to the seafloor.
7. A buoyant jack-up bulk seafloor mineral lifting system according to claim 6, wherein the lift capsule (1) is of a capsule configuration.
8. A buoyant jack-up bulk seafloor mineral lifting system according to claim 7, wherein the ends of the lift tank (1) are provided with lifting lugs (101) to which the polyester cables (11) are attached.
9. The system for lifting the mineral on the seabed by buoyancy self-elevating type according to claim 7, wherein four arched mineral inlets are formed at the top of the lifting cabin (1), a top arc door (102) capable of sliding along the lifting cabin (1) in the circumferential direction is arranged on the arched mineral inlets, four cargo bins (103) are arranged on the lifting cabin (1), a cargo outlet is formed at the top of the cargo bins (103), a bottom arc door (104) is arranged on the cargo outlet, and the bottom of the cargo bin (103) is arranged in an outward inclining manner.
10. A buoyant jack-up bulk seafloor mineral lifting system according to claim 9, wherein a ballast tank (105) is provided in the lift tank (1), and a ballast water inlet and outlet (106) is provided at the bottom of the lift tank (1) in communication with the ballast tank (105).
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of submarine mineral development, in particular to a buoyancy self-elevating type large submarine mineral lifting system.
Background
With the gradual depletion of mineral resources on land, the development of mineral resources in deep sea is gradually emphasized. The seabed is rich in a large amount of mineral resources such as manganese nodules, multi-metal sulfides, cobalt-rich crusts and the like, and has a large amount of rare metals, so that the development of the seabed mineral resources becomes an important force for supporting future economic, industrial and scientific development. At present, China totally obtains 5 exclusive exploration areas approved by a seabed management authority, develops deep sea mineral mining equipment, and enhances technical reserve, which is important work for supporting deep sea mining in China. The exploration shows that: most of manganese nodules on the deep sea plain are positioned at water depth of 4000-; the cobalt-rich crusts have the largest reserve in the Pacific ocean and the water depth of 800-. Therefore, the lifting of the submarine minerals to the water surface is an important research content for the mining of deep sea minerals.
Through decades of development, the currently more feasible deep sea mining can be divided into: a dragline mining method, a continuous rope bucket method, a pipeline hoisting method and a shuttle boat mining method. The trailer-type mining method cannot be controlled, the recovery rate is low, and continuous mining cannot be performed, so that the productivity is low. The continuous rope bucket method has the problem that the ropes are too close and are easy to wind. At present, pipeline lifting methods are the most studied, and certain sea tests are also developed. Although continuous production is possible with the pipe-lift method, the system has many limitations:
minerals need to be crushed to a small granularity and then can be conveyed to a water surface supporting system through hydraulic transportation, the energy consumption in the process of crushing the minerals is large, and the marine environment can be greatly polluted.
In this regard, particle erosion is a problem that is difficult to avoid in this system, especially erosion of lift pumps and lift lines is extremely severe; particles tend to clog on the lift pump, resulting in production downtime and even equipment failure; by hydraulic transport, the system is less efficient.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the embodiment of the invention provides a buoyancy self-elevating type large seabed mineral lifting system, which aims to solve the problem that minerals in the prior art need to be crushed to a smaller granularity and can be transported to the water surface through water conservancy.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides the following:
in one aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a buoyant jack-up bulk seafloor mineral lifting system comprising:
the water surface support system is arranged on the water surface and used for receiving the minerals lifted to the water surface from the seabed;
the anchoring system is used for positioning the water surface support system, and one end of the anchoring system is fixed on the seabed;
a lifting system for lifting minerals from the seabed onto the surface support system, both ends of the lifting body system being respectively arranged on the surface support system and the anchoring system on the seabed;
wherein the lifting system comprises a transmission system arranged between the water surface support system and the seabed for operation, and two lifting cabins which move along the transmission system alternately under the action of buoyancy change.
As a preferable scheme of the present invention, the water surface support system includes a water surface support vessel floating on the water surface, and a front gantry crane and a rear gantry crane which are arranged on the water surface support vessel, wherein two ends of the water surface support vessel are both provided with a sea chest, and one side of a wellhead of each sea chest, which is close to the center of the water surface support vessel, is provided with a water surface pulley block support base.
As a preferable scheme of the present invention, the anchoring system includes a plurality of suction anchors fixed at the bottom of the sea bed, and a plurality of tension legs fixed on the suction anchors, the tension legs are fixedly connected to the water surface support vessel, and a subsea pulley block support base corresponding to the surface pulley block support base is fixed on the suction anchors.
As a preferable scheme of the present invention, the transmission system includes a top guide pulley block disposed on a surface pulley block support base, and a seabed guide pulley block disposed on the seabed pulley block support base, two of the lifting cabins are disposed below the sea shafts on both sides of the surface support vessel, respectively, one ends of the two lifting cabins are connected by the polyester cable around the outside of the top guide pulley, the other ends of the two lifting cabins are connected by the polyester cable around the outside of the seabed guide pulley block, the polyester cable passes through the sea shafts, and a lifting transport line is formed below each of the sea shafts on both sides of the surface support vessel.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, four suction anchors are arranged side by side, wherein two inner suction anchors are used for installing the submarine pulley block supporting seat, and two outer suction anchors are used for installing tension legs.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, a seabed positioning groove is arranged at the position of the seabed pulley block supporting seat, and the shape of the top of the seabed positioning groove is matched with the shape of the bottom of the lifting cabin so as to position the lifting cabin when the lifting cabin runs to the seabed.
As a preferable aspect of the present invention, the shape of the hoist chamber is a capsule shape.
As a preferable aspect of the present invention, lifting lugs connected to the polyester cable are provided at both ends of the hoist.
As a preferable scheme of the present invention, four arched mineral inlets are formed at the top of the lifting cabin, a top arc door capable of sliding along the lifting cabin in the circumferential direction is disposed on each arched mineral inlet, four cargo compartments are disposed on the lifting cabin, a cargo outlet is disposed at the top of each cargo compartment, a bottom arc door is disposed at the cargo outlet, and the bottom of each cargo compartment is inclined outward.
As a preferable mode of the present invention, a ballast tank is provided in the lift tank, and a ballast water inlet and outlet communicating with the ballast tank is provided at the bottom of the lift tank.
The embodiment of the invention has the following advantages:
according to the invention, the processing treatment of crushing the minerals is not needed, the minerals are simply cut to the size capable of being placed in the lifting cabins, the bulk minerals can be quickly lifted to the water surface by using the buoyancy change and the interaction between the two lifting cabins, and the environmental pollution can be greatly reduced.
The invention has no problems of erosion and blockage caused by particles and similar to the pipeline lifting system; 3.
through the ballast adjustment of the buoyancy tank, the minerals are lifted to the water surface by means of buoyancy, an additional power system is not needed for acting to lift the minerals, and the efficiency can be greatly improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It should be apparent that the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary, and that other embodiments can be derived from the drawings provided by those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort.
The structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the present specification are only used for matching with the contents disclosed in the specification, so as to be understood and read by those skilled in the art, and are not used to limit the conditions that the present invention can be implemented, so that the present invention has no technical significance, and any structural modifications, changes in the ratio relationship, or adjustments of the sizes, without affecting the effects and the achievable by the present invention, should still fall within the range that the technical contents disclosed in the present invention can cover.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a buoyant jack-up bulk seafloor mineral lifting system provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a right side view of FIG. 1;
fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a lift cabin according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a top view of fig. 3.
In the figure:
1-lifting a cabin; 2-a surface support vessel; 3-sea dredging well; 4-a water surface pulley block supporting seat; 5-the seabed; 6-a suction anchor; 7-a tension leg; 8-a submarine pulley block supporting seat; 9-a top guide pulley block; 10-a subsea guide pulley block; 11-polyester cable; 12-a sea floor positioning slot; 13-front door type crane; 14-rear gantry crane;
101-lifting lugs; 102-top curved door; 103-a cargo hold; 104-bottom curved door; 105-ballast tank; 106-ballast water import and export.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in terms of particular embodiments, other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention and that it is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the invention provides a buoyancy self-elevating type large seabed mineral lifting system, which mainly comprises three parts, namely a water surface supporting system, an anchoring system and a lifting system.
The water surface support system is arranged on the water surface and used for receiving minerals lifted to the water surface from the seabed, and specifically comprises a water
The
The anchoring system is mainly used for positioning a water
Two
The lifting system is used for lifting the minerals to the water surface supporting system from the seabed, and two ends of the lifting body system are respectively arranged on the water surface supporting system and the seabed anchoring system; the lifting system comprises a transmission system arranged between the water surface support system and the seabed, and two lifting cabins 1 which move along the transmission system in an alternating manner under the action of buoyancy change, and the function of automatically lifting the lifting cabins 1 is realized mainly by changing the buoyancy of the two lifting cabins 1.
The transmission system comprises a top guide pulley block 9 arranged on a water surface pulley
A
When one of the lifting cabins is floated to the surface of the supporting
Four
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the shape of the lift chamber 1 is a capsule shape, that is, the upper and lower ends are ellipsoid shapes, which is mainly to improve hydrodynamic performance, reduce the fluid resistance of the lift chamber when the lift chamber passes through water, and increase the transportation speed.
Lifting lugs 101 connected with the
For convenience of explanation, the right hand hoist in fig. 1 is designated as hoist a and the left hand hoist B.
When the mine is lifted, the top of the lifting cabin A is connected with a high-
The left end of the high-strength polyester cable connected with the top of the lifting cabin A is connected with the top of the lifting cabin B, the high-strength polyester cable at the bottom of the lifting cabin A passes through the
After the hoisting cabin A is filled with large mineral blocks, seawater in the ballast tank 24 is removed through a pressurizing pump in the cabin, so that the buoyancy of the cabin body of the hoisting cabin A is larger than the gravity, meanwhile, the goods of the hoisting cabin B are unloaded (no load during first installation), and water is pressurized and loaded in the ballast tank, so that the gravity is larger than the buoyancy.
Subsequently, the gripping means are disengaged and the lift compartment B will submerge under gravity with the empty ballast compartment and the lift compartment a will float under buoyancy with the loaded bin. Due to the combined action of the effective gravity and the effective buoyancy, the lifting cabin A can quickly float to the water surface, and the lifting cabin B can quickly submerge to the seabed.
And when the lifting cabin A and the lifting cabin B are close to the designated parking points, the speed is reduced through the winch system. After the lifting cabin A rises to the water surface to support the ship, the bottom arc-shaped door is opened, minerals are automatically unloaded under the action of gravity through the inclined panel at the bottom of the cargo cabin, and water is pressurized and loaded into the ballast tank after the minerals are unloaded.
And simultaneously, after the ballast tank of the lifting chamber B reaches the seabed, the top arc-shaped door is opened, minerals are added into the cargo hold, and during the period, the seawater in the ballast tank is discharged through the high-pressure pump, so that the buoyancy of the lifting chamber is larger than the gravity. Because the clamping device acts at the moment, the lifting cabin can not float upwards, and when the goods are full, the clamping device is loosened, and the lifting cabin can float upwards.
Specifically, taking a cylindrical steel buoyancy chamber with the diameter of 6m, the height of 10m and the wall thickness of 10mm as an example, if 4 cylindrical cargo carrying chambers with the diameter of 2m and the height of 10m are designed on the buoyancy chamber, the single effective carrying capacity can exceed 130 tons, the size of the buoyancy chamber can be increased if necessary, the effective carrying capacity can be greatly increased, and the effective carrying capacity can also be further increased by adopting a polymer material.
Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
- 上一篇：一种医用注射器针头装配设备
- 下一篇：一种游艇座椅用的双轮滑动机构