阅读说明：本技术 油菜联合收获系统试验台 (Rape combined harvesting system test bed ) 是由 万星宇 廖庆喜 汤旭东 廖宜涛 袁佳诚 杨佳 于 2021-07-12 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种油菜联合收获系统试验台,包括输送带式物料喂入装置、割台、纵轴流脱粒分离装置及旋风分离清选装置割台安装在输送带式物料喂入装置的尾端,还包括位于旋风分离清选装置吸杂口处的第一风速风压传感器及位于旋风分离清选装置入口处的第二风速风压传感器；根据第一风速风压传感器采集的旋风分离筒吸杂口风速x-(1)和第二风速风压传感器采集的旋风分离筒入口风速x-(2)获得旋风分离清选装置的籽粒清洁率Y-(q)、损失率Y-(S)的预测模型。通过内置预测模型的测控系统,可预测联合收获关键部件性能评价指标和物料质量分布规律,通过设定目标函数可得到较优参数组合,实现试验台关键部件的可控可调。(The invention discloses a rape combined harvesting system test bed which comprises a conveyor belt type material feeding device, a cutting table, a longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device, a cyclone separating and cleaning device, a first wind speed and wind pressure sensor and a second wind speed and wind pressure sensor, wherein the cutting table is arranged at the tail end of the conveyor belt type material feeding device; cyclone separation barrel impurity suction port wind speed x acquired according to first wind speed and wind pressure sensor 1 And the inlet wind speed x of the cyclone separating cylinder collected by the second wind speed and pressure sensor 2 Cyclone separating cleaning deviceSeed kernel cleaning rate Y q Loss ratio Y S The predictive model of (1). Through a measurement and control system with a built-in prediction model, performance evaluation indexes of key parts of the combined harvest and a material quality distribution rule can be predicted, a better parameter combination can be obtained through setting a target function, and the controllability and adjustability of the key parts of the test bed are realized.)

1. A test bed of a rape combined harvesting system comprises a conveyor belt type material feeding device (1), a cutting table (2), a longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device (3) and a cyclone separating and cleaning device (4), wherein the cutting table (2) is installed at the tail end of the conveyor belt type material feeding device (1), the longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device (3) is connected with the tail end of the cutting table (2), and the cyclone separating and cleaning device (4) is installed at the rear end of the longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device (3); the method is characterized in that: the device also comprises a first wind speed and pressure sensor (5.5) positioned at a foreign matter suction port of the cyclone separation cleaning device (4) and a second wind speed and pressure sensor (5.2) positioned at an entrance of the cyclone separation cleaning device (4); the air speed x of the impurity suction port of the cyclone separating cylinder is collected according to a first air speed and pressure sensor (5.5)₁And the wind speed x at the inlet of the cyclone separating cylinder collected by a second wind speed and pressure sensor (5.2)₂Obtain the grain cleaning rate Y of the cyclone separation cleaning device_qLoss ratio Y_SThe prediction model of (2) is as follows:

2. the rape combine harvesting system test stand of claim 1, wherein: according to the rotational speed X of a screw propeller (2.1) of the cutting table (2)₁Chain harrow type conveying device (2.5) rotating speed X of cutting table (2)₂Threshing gap X₃Longitudinal axis of the longitudinal axis flow threshing and separating device (3)Rotating speed X of flow threshing cylinder (3.3)₄And rape feed amount X₅And obtaining a material ratio prediction model as follows:

wherein, Y₄Is the ratio of the extract to the extract, Y₅The ratio of grains in the threshed material is Y₆The ratio of the materials at the grass discharge port is Y₇The material ratio Y is lost before the removal₈The ratio of residues in the harvester is shown.

3. The rape combine harvesting system test stand of claim 2, wherein: the threshing material collector (3.7) in the longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device (3) comprises n seed collecting boxes, each seed collecting box is provided with a mass sensor (5.4), and the mass m of the threshing material in each seed collecting box collected by each sensor (5.4) is_iObtaining the total mass M of the rape fed and the mass M of the seeds in a single seed collecting box by combining a material ratio prediction model_ziMass m of mixed fish_yiTotal mass m of kernel in the threshed material_zAnd mass m of impurities_yRespectively is as follows:

4. the rape combine harvesting system test stand of claim 1, wherein: according to the rotational speed X of a screw propeller (2.1) of the cutting table (2)₁Chain harrow type conveying device (2.5) rotating speed X of cutting table (2)₂Threshing gap X₃The rotating speed X of a longitudinal axial flow threshing cylinder (3.3) of the longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device (3)₄And rape feed amount X₅Obtaining the threshing rate Y of the longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device (3)₁Entrainment loss ratio Y₂And degree of shredding of grass₃The prediction model of (2) is as follows:

5. the rape combine harvesting system test stand of claim 1, wherein: according to the seed cleaning rate Y of the cyclone separation cleaning device_qLoss ratio Y_SThe prediction model of (2) establishes an optimized objective function:

wherein: a is cleaning rate weight, b is loss rate weight

6. The rape combine harvesting system test stand of claim 1, wherein: the conveyer belt type material feeding device (1) comprises a bearing frame (1.1) for supporting, a conveyer belt (1.2) positioned on the bearing frame (1.1) and a transmission motor (1.3) installed below the bearing frame (1.1), wherein the transmission motor (1.3) provides power for the conveyer belt (1.2) in a belt transmission mode.

7. The rape combine harvesting system test stand of claim 1, wherein: the cutting table (2) comprises a cutting table bearing frame (2.3), a spiral propeller (2.1) fixed on the cutting table bearing frame (2.3) and a chain-rake type conveying device (2.5) hinged with the outer part of the spiral propeller (2.1), and the tail end of a discharge hole of the chain-rake type conveying device (2.5) is connected with an inlet of a longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device (3) which is inclined by 10-30 degrees; the spiral propeller (2.1) is matched with the transmission shaft (2.7) through belt transmission, and the transmission shaft (2.7) obtains power from the header motor (2.4) through the transmission mechanism (2.2).

8. The rape combine harvesting system test stand of claim 1, wherein: the longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device (3) comprises a support frame (3.12), a threshing cylinder housing (3.9) obliquely arranged on the support frame (3.12), a longitudinal axial flow threshing cylinder (3.3) arranged in the separation cylinder housing (3.9), a guide top cover (3.1) positioned above the longitudinal axial flow threshing cylinder (3.3), a concave screen (3.2) positioned below the longitudinal axial flow threshing cylinder (3.3), a detachable threshing material collector (3.7) positioned below the concave screen (3.2), a feeding port (3.8) arranged at one side of the separation cylinder housing (3.9), a grass discharging port (3.5) fixed at the other side of the separation cylinder housing (3.9) and a threshing material lifting auger (3.11) positioned below the threshing material collector (3.7).

9. The rape combine harvesting system test stand of claim 8, wherein: an observation window (3.6) is arranged on the threshing cylinder housing (3.9) along the axial direction of the longitudinal shaft separating cylinder (3.3), and a high-speed photographic system (5.3) is arranged at the position right opposite to the observation window (3.6) of the longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device (3).

10. The rape combine harvesting system test stand of claim 1, wherein: the cyclone separation cleaning device (4) comprises a throwing machine (4.4) positioned below an outlet of a threshed material lifting auger (3.11) of the longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device (3), a cyclone separating cylinder (4.7) connected with an outlet section of the throwing machine (4.4) through a bolt, a seed lifting auger (4.6) positioned below the cyclone separating cylinder (4.7), a grain tank (4.3) positioned on the side of the cyclone separating cylinder (4.7), a centrifugal fan (4.1) positioned above the grain tank (4.3), an impurity suction pipeline (4.2) connected with an impurity suction port of the cyclone separating cylinder (4.7) and an inlet of the centrifugal fan (4.1), a first motor (4.8) for providing power for the centrifugal fan (4.1) and a second motor (4.5) for providing power for the seed lifting auger (4.6).

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of harvesting in agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to a test bed of a rape combined harvesting system.

Background

Rape is the most important oil crop in China, multifunctional development such as appreciation, honey source, feeding and the like in the growth period of the rape is also developed rapidly, and the comprehensive economic benefit is gradually improved. The combined harvest is one of the main modes of rape mechanized harvest, can finish the main procedures of cutting, conveying, threshing, separating, cleaning and the like of rape plants at one time by depending on a rape combined harvester, directly obtains clean grains, and has the advantages of centralized harvesting period, time and labor saving, high production efficiency and the like.

At present, the rape combine harvester has been widely used in rape centralized planting fields, but is influenced by factors such as difference in rape growth characteristics, non-uniform field area, rugged and rugged topography, and the like, so that superior matching is difficult to realize between structural parameters and operational parameters of a header, a threshing and separating device, a cleaning device and the like of the rape combine harvester, and the rape combine harvester has poor adaptability to special biological characteristics such as tall and big rape plants, numerous branches, inconsistent maturity, high water content and the like, and leads to high combined harvesting comprehensive loss rate. In addition, key parts of the traditional rape combined harvester are mostly designed by adopting empirical formulas, and field operation is difficult to accurately obtain real-time operation parameters, material migration tracks, internal airflow field distribution, wind speed and wind pressure and the like under the condition of fluctuation of feeding quantity, and prediction and control of combined harvest performance evaluation indexes (such as entrainment loss rate and threshing rate of a threshing and separating device, grain cleaning rate and loss rate of a cleaning device) and component mass ratio change (such as grain and impurity mass ratio in the threshing product) in the material migration process are lacked, so that the practical problems that the rape high-efficiency low-loss combined harvester mechanism is unclear, the machine and tool development and field test period is long, the development cost is high and the like are caused.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a rape combined harvesting system test bed which solves the problems that the parameter matching of a combined harvester is difficult, the working performance is difficult to predict and monitor, and the test bed is high in efficiency and low in loss aiming at the defects of the technology.

In order to achieve the purpose, the rape combined harvesting system test bed comprises a conveyor belt type material feeding device, a header, a longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device and a cyclone separating and cleaning device, wherein the header is arranged at the tail end of the conveyor belt type material feeding device and is connected with the tail end of the header, and the cyclone separating and cleaning device is arranged at the rear end of the longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device; the device also comprises a first wind speed and pressure sensor positioned at a foreign matter suction port of the cyclone separation cleaning device and a second wind speed and pressure sensor positioned at an inlet of the cyclone separation cleaning device; cyclone separation barrel impurity suction port wind speed x acquired according to first wind speed and wind pressure sensor₁And the inlet wind speed x of the cyclone separating cylinder collected by the second wind speed and pressure sensor₂Obtain the grain cleaning rate Y of the cyclone separation cleaning device_qLoss ratio Y_SThe prediction model of (2) is as follows:

further, according to the rotating speed X of the spiral propeller of the cutting table₁Chain harrow type conveying device rotating speed X of cutting table₂Threshing gap X₃Rotating speed X of longitudinal axial flow threshing cylinder of longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device₄And rape feed amount X₅And obtaining a material ratio prediction model as follows:

wherein, Y₄Is the ratio of the extract to the extract, Y₅The ratio of grains in the threshed material is Y₆The ratio of the materials at the grass discharge port is Y₇The material ratio Y is lost before the removal₈The ratio of residues in the harvester is shown.

Furthermore, the threshing material collector in the longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device comprises n seed collecting boxes, each seed collecting box is provided with a mass sensor, and the mass m of the threshing material in each seed collecting box collected by each sensor is_iObtaining the total mass M of the rape fed and the mass M of the seeds in a single seed collecting box by combining a material ratio prediction model_ziMass m of mixed fish_yiTotal mass m of kernel in the threshed material_zAnd mass m of impurities_yRespectively is as follows:

further, according to the rotating speed X of the spiral propeller of the cutting table₁Chain harrow type conveying device rotating speed X of cutting table₂Threshing gap X₃Rotating speed X of longitudinal axial flow threshing cylinder of longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device₄And rape feed amount X₅Obtaining the threshing rate Y of the longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device₁Entrainment loss ratio Y₂And degree of shredding of grass₃The prediction model of (2) is as follows:

further, according to the grain cleaning rate Y of the cyclone separation cleaning device_qLoss ratio Y_SThe prediction model of (2) establishes an optimized objective function:

maxY_(A,B)＝a·Y_q-b·Y_s

wherein: a is cleaning rate weight, b is loss rate weight

Furthermore, the conveyer belt type material feeding device comprises a bearing frame for supporting, a conveyer belt positioned on the bearing frame and a transmission motor arranged below the bearing frame, wherein the transmission motor provides power for the conveyer belt in a belt transmission mode.

Furthermore, the header comprises a header bearing frame, a spiral propeller fixed on the header bearing frame and a chain-rake type conveying device hinged with the outer part of the spiral propeller, wherein the tail end of a discharge port of the chain-rake type conveying device is connected with an inlet of a longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device which is inclined by 10-30 degrees; the spiral propeller is matched with a transmission shaft through belt transmission, and the transmission shaft obtains power from a header motor through a transmission mechanism.

Furthermore, the longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device comprises a support frame, a threshing cylinder housing which is obliquely arranged on the support frame, a longitudinal axial flow threshing cylinder which is arranged in the separation cylinder housing, a guide top cover which is positioned above the longitudinal axial flow threshing cylinder, a concave plate sieve which is positioned below the longitudinal axial flow threshing cylinder, a detachable threshing material collector which is positioned below the concave plate sieve, a feeding port which is arranged at one side of the separation cylinder housing, a grass discharging port which is fixed at the other side of the separation cylinder housing and a threshing material lifting auger which is positioned below the threshing material collector.

Furthermore, an observation window is arranged on the threshing cylinder cover shell along the axial direction of the longitudinal axis separating from the cylinder, and a high-speed photographing system is arranged at the position right opposite to the observation window of the longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device.

Furthermore, the cyclone separation cleaning device comprises a throwing machine positioned below the outlet of the longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device threshing and grain lifting auger, a cyclone separating cylinder connected with the outlet section of the throwing machine through a bolt, a grain lifting auger positioned below the cyclone separating cylinder, a grain tank positioned on the side of the cyclone separating cylinder, a centrifugal fan positioned above the grain tank, an impurity suction pipeline connected with an impurity suction port of the cyclone separating cylinder and an inlet of the centrifugal fan, a first motor providing power for the centrifugal fan and a second motor providing power for the grain lifting auger.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the rape combined harvesting system test bed, the performance evaluation indexes and the material quality distribution rule of the combined harvesting key components can be predicted through the measurement and control system with the built-in prediction model, the optimal parameter combination can be obtained through setting the target function, and the controllability and adjustability of the key components of the test bed are realized.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a test bed of the rape combine harvesting system of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the conveyor-type material feeding apparatus shown in FIG. 1;

fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the header of fig. 1;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of the cyclone separating cleaning plant in FIG. 1;

fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the measurement and control system in fig. 1.

In the figure: the device comprises a conveyor belt type material feeding device 1, a header 2, a longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device 3, a cyclone separating and cleaning device 4, a measurement and control system 5, a support frame 1.1, a conveyor belt 1.2, a transmission motor 1.3, a screw propeller 2.1, a transmission mechanism 2.2, a header bearing frame 2.3, a header motor 2.4, a chain rake type conveying device 2.5, a motor frame 2.6, a transmission shaft 2.7, a guide top cover 3.1, a notch plate sieve 3.2, a longitudinal axial flow threshing cylinder 3.3, a cylinder transmission shaft 3.4, a grass discharge port 3.5, an observation window 3.6, a threshing object collector 3.7, a feed port 3.8, a threshing cylinder housing 3.9, a separating motor 3.10, a threshing object lifting auger 3.11, a support frame 3.12, a centrifugal fan 4.1, a foreign matter suction pipeline 4.2, a grain tank 4.3, a throwing machine 4.4, a second motor 4.5, a cyclone grain lifting auger 4.6, a wind speed separating barrel 4.7, a first motor 4.8, a first motor 5.5, a wind pressure control cabinet 4.5, a high-speed quality sensor, a high-speed camera system quality sensor, a high-speed sensor and a high-speed sensor, a high-, And a first wind speed and wind pressure sensor 5.5.

Detailed Description

The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to figures and specific embodiments for the understanding of those skilled in the art.

The test bed of the rape combine harvesting system shown in fig. 1 comprises a conveyor belt type material feeding device 1, a header 2, a longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device 3, a cyclone separating and cleaning device 4 and a measurement and control system 5, wherein the header 2 is installed at the tail end of the conveyor belt type material feeding device 1, the longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device 3 is connected with the tail end of the header 2, and the cyclone separating and cleaning device 4 is installed at the rear end of the longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device 3.

Referring to fig. 2, the conveyor type material feeding device 1 includes a carrier 1.1 for supporting, a conveyor belt 1.2 located on the carrier 1.1, and a transmission motor 1.3 installed below the carrier 1.1, wherein the transmission motor 1.3 provides power to the conveyor belt 1.2 through a belt transmission manner.

Referring to fig. 3, the header 2 includes a header carrier 2.3, a screw propeller 2.1 fixed on the header carrier 2.3, and a chain-rake type conveying device 2.5 hinged to the outside of the screw propeller 2.1, and the end of the discharge port of the chain-rake type conveying device 2.5 is connected to the inlet of the longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device 3 disposed with an inclination of 10 to 30 °. The spiral propeller 2.1 is matched with the transmission shaft 2.7 through belt transmission, the transmission shaft 2.7 obtains a power source from the header motor 2.4 through the transmission mechanism 2.2, and the header motor 2.4 is fixed on the motor frame 2.6.

Referring to fig. 4, the longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device 3 includes a support frame 3.12, a threshing cylinder housing 3.9 obliquely arranged on the support frame 3.12, a longitudinal axial flow threshing cylinder 3.3 installed in the threshing cylinder housing 3.9, a guide top cover 3.1 positioned above the longitudinal axial flow threshing cylinder 3.3, a concave sieve 3.2 positioned below the longitudinal axial flow threshing cylinder 3.3, a detachable thresher collector 3.7 positioned below the concave sieve 3.2, a feed inlet 3.8 arranged at one side of the threshing cylinder housing 3.9, a grass outlet 3.5 fixed at the other side of the threshing cylinder housing 3.9, and a thresher lifting auger 3.11 positioned below the thresher collector 3.7, wherein an observation window 3.6 is arranged on the threshing cylinder housing 3.9 along the axial direction of the longitudinal axial flow threshing cylinder 3.3 and used for observing the real-time condition inside the threshing cylinder housing 3.9.

The longitudinal axis threshing cylinder 3.3 obtains power through a cylinder transmission shaft 3.4, the cylinder transmission shaft 3.4 provides power through a header motor 2.8, the cylinder transmission shaft 3.4 can be matched with and replace threshing cylinders of different models through a shaft coupling to meet test results of various requirements, and the tail part of a threshing product lifting auger 3.11 is connected with a separation motor 3.10. The longitudinal axial flow threshing cylinder 3.3 threshing section consists of 4-6 rows of round pipes and a breadth disc, wherein the round pipes are provided with threshing elements at intervals, the threshing elements are arranged on the round pipes in a single-head or double-head spiral arrangement mode through bolts, the outer diameter of the threshing cylinder and the gap between the concave plate screens are adjusted by adjusting the extension height of the threshing elements, and the spike-tooth type, knife-tooth type and rasp bar type threshing elements can be replaced according to different materials. The concave plate sieve 3.2 comprises an upper layer woven sieve and a lower layer grid, and the mesh aperture of the concave plate sieve is adjusted by adjusting the relative position of the upper layer woven sieve and the lower layer grid. The threshing material collector 3.7 is arranged by n seed collecting boxes in a matrix form and is used for receiving the rape threshing materials after the threshing and separating process, and further used for analyzing the quality distribution characteristics of the threshing materials, the threshing material collector 3.7 can be horizontally pulled away from the side, so that the rape threshing materials fall into a threshing material lifting screw conveyor 3.11 and enter a cleaning device.

Referring to fig. 5, the cyclone separating and cleaning device 4 includes a throwing machine 4.4 located below the outlet of a threshed material lifting auger 3.11 of the longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device 3, a cyclone separating cylinder 4.7 connected with the outlet section of the throwing machine 4.4 through bolts, a seed lifting auger 4.6 located below the cyclone separating cylinder 4.7, a grain tank 4.3 located at the side of the cyclone separating cylinder 4.7, a centrifugal fan 4.1 located above the grain tank 4.3, an impurity suction pipeline 4.2 connecting the impurity suction port of the cyclone separating cylinder 4.7 and the inlet of the centrifugal fan 4.1, a first motor 4.8 providing power for the centrifugal fan 4.1 and a second motor 4.5 providing power for the seed lifting auger 4.6.

As shown in fig. 6, the measurement and control system 5 includes a control cabinet 5.1 located at the side of the conveyer belt type material feeding device 1, a high-speed photography system 5.3 facing the observation window 3.6 of the longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device 3, a mass sensor 5.4 located on each grain collecting box, a first wind speed and pressure sensor 5.5 located at the suction port of the cyclone separating and cleaning device 4 and a second wind speed and pressure sensor 5.2 located at the inlet of the cyclone separating and cleaning device 4, and the high-speed photography system 5.3, the mass sensor 5.4, the first wind speed and pressure sensor 5.5 and the second wind speed and pressure sensor 5.2 are all connected with the control cabinet 5.1.

During operation, the control cabinet starts all motors and working parts, rape enters the header 2 through the conveyor belt type material feeding device 1, is broken into short stems in the header 2, the short stems are collected to the material conveying channel and then enter the longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device 3, rape pods are broken through being hit by the longitudinal axial flow threshing roller, the high-speed camera system can capture the motion trail of rape seeds and send the results back to the control cabinet, if the spatial distribution characteristics of the rape seeds need to be analyzed, the threshing object collector 3.7 can be placed below the concave plate sieve 3.2, the mass of each seed collecting box is obtained through the mass sensor, and the results are sent back to computer software to complete the spatial distribution characteristic test of the rape seeds; if the analysis is not needed, the threshed material collector can be drawn out, so that the rapeseeds and partial sundries directly enter the threshed material lifting auger below through the concave plate sieve and are conveyed into the throwing machine of the cyclone separation cleaning system, and the separated short stalks are discharged from the rear part of the threshing and separating device; the seeds and partial impurities entering the throwing machine are thrown into the cyclone separating cylinder under the high-speed rotation action of the impeller of the throwing machine, the impeller of the centrifugal fan rotates at high speed and forms a negative-pressure airflow field in the cyclone separating cylinder along the impurity absorbing pipeline, heavier rape seeds fall from the grain outlet, enter the seed lifting auger and are lifted into the grain tank, and lighter impurities rise under the action of the negative-pressure airflow, enter the fan and are discharged out of the machine, so that the whole harvesting process is completed.

In the harvesting process, the measuring and controlling system 5 can obtain the rotating speed X of the spiral propeller₁Chain-harrow type conveying device rotating speed X₂Threshing gap X₃Longitudinal axial flow threshing cylinder rotating speed X₄Rape feeding amount X₅Wind speed x of impurity suction port of cyclone separation cylinder₁Cyclone separation cylinder inlet wind speed x₂The threshing rate Y of the longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device₁Entrainment loss ratio Y₂And degree of shredding of grass₃The prediction model of (2) is as follows:

ratio of removed matter Y₄The ratio of seeds in the extract is Y₅The material proportion of the grass discharge port is Y₆Loss material ratio before stripping Y₇The ratio of the residue in the harvester is Y₈The material ratio prediction model is as follows:

the quality sensor obtains the mass m of the threshing material in each grain collecting box_iThe total mass M of the rapes fed and the mass M of the seeds in a single seed collecting box can be analyzed by combining a material ratio prediction model_ziMass m of mixed fish_yiTotal mass m of kernel in the threshed material_zAnd mass m of impurities_yRespectively as follows:

seed cleaning rate Y of cyclone separation cleaning device_qLoss ratio Y_SThe prediction model of (2) is as follows:

the supporting software of the measurement and control system 5 can also set an optimization objective function of the harvest performance evaluation index, and a better parameter combination is obtained by setting the boundary condition optimization of key parameters, so that the control of the parameters is realized. Taking a cyclone separation cleaning device as an example, the requirements of cleaning rate and loss rate are different, and the low loss rate needs to be ensured firstly, and the high cleaning rate needs to be ensured secondly. Adopting a weighted comprehensive grading method for processing, drawing a cleaning rate weight as a, a loss rate weight as b, and establishing an optimization objective function by taking the weighted value as an evaluation standard:

wherein:

after setting the range of the air speed of the impurity suction port and the air speed of the inlet, reversely calculating a better parameter through a multivariate quadratic function prediction model, and when a is 0.35 and b is 0.65, optimizing to obtain the best parameter consisting of the air speed of the impurity suction port of 15.3m/s and the air speed of the inlet of 4.2m/s, wherein the cleaning rate of the seeds of the cyclone separation cleaning device is 96.77 percent. By setting different weights, objective functions and boundary conditions, key parameter combinations meeting different requirements can be obtained.