阅读说明：本技术 一种热能与冷能回收利用的lng冷藏车 (LNG refrigerator car capable of recycling heat energy and cold energy ) 是由 赵盼盼 黄磊 张欢 孙云 贾磊 吴俊峰 李光曼 贾甲 于 2019-10-31 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种热能与冷能回收利用的LNG冷藏车。本发明包括：涡轮增压器：用于发动机进气增压；相变储热装置：用于发动机排气余热回收；第二换热器：用于为冷藏车车厢提供冷量；天然气供应单元：用于驱动第一膨胀机旋转并带动所述涡轮增压器旋转,另外用于驱动第二膨胀机旋转发电以供冷藏车用电；所述天然气供应单元中液态天然气中的冷量经第二换热器回收后经所述相变储热装置加热后形成气态天然气并分别进入所述第一膨胀机和/或第二膨胀机,之后进入发动机为发动机提供燃料。本发明实现了LNG冷能和发动机排气余热的回收利用,具有节能环保、降低LNG冷藏车运营成本的特点。(The invention relates to an LNG refrigerator car capable of recycling heat energy and cold energy. The invention comprises the following steps: a turbocharger: for engine intake supercharging; phase change heat storage device: the device is used for recovering the exhaust waste heat of the engine; a second heat exchanger: the refrigerating system is used for providing refrigerating capacity for the refrigerator car carriage; a natural gas supply unit: the first expander is used for driving the first expander to rotate and driving the turbocharger to rotate, and the second expander is used for driving the second expander to rotate to generate electricity for the refrigeration vehicle; and cold energy in the liquid natural gas in the natural gas supply unit is recovered by the second heat exchanger, is heated by the phase-change heat storage device to form gaseous natural gas, and enters the first expander and/or the second expander respectively and then enters the engine to provide fuel for the engine. The LNG refrigeration vehicle has the advantages that LNG cold energy and engine exhaust waste heat are recycled, energy is saved, the environment is protected, and the operation cost of the LNG refrigeration vehicle is reduced.)

1. The utility model provides a heat energy and cold energy recycle's LNG refrigerator car which characterized in that includes:

turbocharger (1): for engine intake supercharging;

phase change heat storage device (4): the device is used for recovering the exhaust waste heat of the engine;

second heat exchanger (7): the refrigerating system is used for providing refrigerating capacity for the refrigerator car carriage;

a natural gas supply unit: the system is used for driving the first expansion machine (2) to rotate and driving the turbocharger (1) to rotate, and is also used for driving the second expansion machine (13) to rotate to generate electricity for a refrigeration vehicle;

the cold energy in the liquefied natural gas in the natural gas supply unit is recovered by the second heat exchanger (7), then is heated by the phase-change heat storage device (4) to form gaseous natural gas, and then enters the first expander (2) and/or the second expander (13) respectively, and then enters the engine (3) to provide fuel for the engine.

2. A heat and cold energy recovery LNG chiller as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the LNG refrigerator car also comprises a first heat exchanger (5) for recovering the waste heat of the cooling water of the engine, wherein the cold energy in the liquefied natural gas is recovered by a second heat exchanger (7) and then is heated by the first heat exchanger (5) and then is heated by the phase-change heat storage device (4).

3. A heat and cold energy recovery LNG chiller as claimed in claim 2 wherein: the natural gas supply unit comprises a natural gas main pipeline, a first natural gas branch pipeline and a second natural gas branch pipeline, the first natural gas branch pipeline and the second natural gas branch pipeline are connected with an outlet of the natural gas main pipeline, an inlet of the natural gas main pipeline is connected with a liquefied natural gas storage tank (10), an outlet of the liquefied natural gas storage tank (10) is provided with a working medium pump (9) which is used for conveying natural gas to enable the natural gas to sequentially pass through a second heat exchanger (7), a first heat exchanger (5) and a phase change heat storage device (4), a first electric switch valve (11) which enables the natural gas to enter a first expander (2) is arranged on the first natural gas branch pipeline, and a second electric switch valve (12) which enables the natural gas to enter a second expander (13) is arranged on the.

4. A heat and cold energy recovery LNG chiller as claimed in claim 3 wherein: the outlet of the working medium pump (9) is provided with a three-way regulating valve (8) used for regulating the cold quantity of the second heat exchanger (7), one outlet of the three-way regulating valve (8) is connected with the inlet of the second heat exchanger (7), and the other outlet of the three-way regulating valve (8) is connected to the outlet of the second heat exchanger (7).

5. A heat and cold energy recovery LNG chiller as claimed in claim 3 wherein: and a gaseous natural gas storage tank (14) is arranged at an outlet of the second expander (13), an outlet of the gaseous natural gas storage tank (14) is connected to a fuel inlet of the engine, and a third electric switch valve (15) is arranged at an outlet of the gaseous natural gas storage tank (14).

6. A heat and cold energy recovery LNG chiller as claimed in claim 3 wherein: be equipped with the wind channel on the refrigerator car, the wind channel passes through return air inlet (17) and supply-air outlet (18) and realizes that air flows in refrigerator car carriage (20), be equipped with in the wind channel second heat exchanger (7) and blow fan (6) to the refrigerator car carriage with the cold volume of second heat exchanger (7), supply-air outlet department is equipped with cold storage tank (19) that are used for collecting more than cold volume, cold storage tank (19) import is equipped with automatic start/stop control flap.

7. A heat and cold energy recovery LNG chiller as claimed in claim 3 wherein: a temperature sensor (16) is arranged in the refrigerator car carriage (20).

Technical Field

The invention belongs to an LNG refrigerator car for refrigerated transport of goods, and particularly relates to an LNG refrigerator car capable of recycling heat energy and cold energy.

Background

With the improvement of the life quality of people, the requirements on the quality of fresh fruits and vegetables and medicines are higher and higher, and the development of refrigeration logistics is greatly promoted. The traditional refrigerating system of the refrigerator car supplies energy to the refrigerating unit by consuming fuel oil through an engine, drives the refrigerating unit to work, consumes a large amount of chemical energy of petroleum in the refrigerating process, is high in transportation cost due to high fuel oil cost, belongs to non-renewable fossil energy, increases the emission of automobile exhaust, and aggravates environmental pollution, so that the refrigerating system of the refrigerator car needs to be improved under the great trend of energy conservation, emission reduction and environmental protection.

Meanwhile, in the automobile industry to which the refrigerator car belongs, along with the rapid development of the automobile industry technology, energy and environmental problems are brought correspondingly. Relevant research shows that the heat equivalent converted into effective work by the engine accounts for 20-45% of the fuel combustion heat quantity. The energy discharged out of the vehicle in the form of waste heat accounts for 55-80% of the total energy of combustion. The energy generated by the combustion of the automobile fuel is only about one third effectively utilized, and most energy loss is dissipated in the form of high-temperature exhaust waste heat of the engine. If the part of energy can be utilized, the method has important effects on improving the utilization rate of the exhaust energy and reducing the environmental pollution.

An LNG refrigerated vehicle is a type of refrigerated vehicle that is fueled by Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG). LNG, whose main component is methane, is recognized as the cleanest fossil energy source on earth. The LNG is colorless, tasteless, nontoxic and noncorrosive, has obvious environmental benefit and social benefit as clean energy for sustainable development, can reduce 90 percent of sulfur dioxide emission and 80 percent of nitrogen oxide emission after the LNG replaces fuel oil, has obvious environmental benefit, and is a high-quality substitute fuel for automobiles. Liquid LNG can release a large amount of cold before entering an engine for combustion, and the part of cold is wasted uselessly in the running process of the LNG refrigerated vehicle.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides an LNG refrigerator car capable of recycling heat energy and cold energy. The refrigerator car can recover LNG cold energy and engine exhaust waste heat energy, and has the characteristics of energy conservation, environmental protection and reduction of refrigerator car operation cost.

In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

an LNG refrigerator car of heat energy and cold energy recycle, includes:

a turbocharger: for engine intake supercharging;

phase change heat storage device: the device is used for recovering the exhaust waste heat of the engine;

a second heat exchanger: the refrigerating system is used for providing refrigerating capacity for the refrigerator car carriage;

a natural gas supply unit: the first expander is used for driving the first expander to rotate and driving the turbocharger to rotate, and the second expander is used for driving the second expander to rotate to generate electricity for the refrigeration vehicle;

and cold energy in the liquid natural gas in the natural gas supply unit is recovered by the second heat exchanger, is heated by the phase-change heat storage device to form gaseous natural gas, and enters the first expander and/or the second expander respectively and then enters the engine to provide fuel for the engine.

The further technical scheme is as follows: the LNG refrigerator car also comprises a first heat exchanger for recovering the waste heat of the cooling water of the engine, and the cold energy in the liquefied natural gas is recovered by a second heat exchanger, then is heated by the first heat exchanger, and then is heated by the phase-change heat storage device.

The further technical scheme is as follows: the natural gas supply unit comprises a natural gas main pipeline, a first natural gas branch pipeline and a second natural gas branch pipeline, the first natural gas branch pipeline and the second natural gas branch pipeline are connected with a natural gas main pipeline outlet, a natural gas main pipeline inlet is connected with a liquefied natural gas storage tank, a working medium pump used for conveying natural gas to enable the natural gas to sequentially pass through the second heat exchanger, the first heat exchanger and the phase change heat storage device is arranged at an outlet of the liquefied natural gas storage tank, a first electric switch valve used for enabling the natural gas to enter the first expander is arranged on the first natural gas branch pipeline, and a second electric switch valve used for enabling the natural gas to enter the second expander is arranged on the second natural gas branch pipeline.

The further technical scheme is as follows: and a three-way regulating valve for regulating the cold quantity of the second heat exchanger is arranged at the outlet of the working medium pump, one outlet of the three-way regulating valve is connected with the inlet of the second heat exchanger, and the other outlet of the three-way regulating valve is connected to the outlet of the second heat exchanger.

The further technical scheme is as follows: the outlet of the second expander is provided with a gaseous natural gas storage tank, the outlet of the gaseous natural gas storage tank is connected to the fuel inlet of the engine, and the outlet of the gaseous natural gas storage tank is provided with a third electric switch valve.

The further technical scheme is as follows: the refrigerator car is provided with an air duct, the air duct realizes air flow in a refrigerator car carriage through an air return port and an air supply port, the air duct is internally provided with the second heat exchanger and a fan which blows cooling capacity of the second heat exchanger into the refrigerator car carriage, the air supply port is provided with a cold accumulation tank used for collecting the cooling capacity, and an inlet of the cold accumulation tank is provided with an automatic opening and closing control valve.

The further technical scheme is as follows: and a temperature sensor is arranged in the refrigerator car carriage.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) according to the invention, the phase-change heat storage device is adopted to recover the exhaust waste heat of the engine, the second heat exchanger is adopted to recover the cold energy of the liquefied natural gas in the LNG refrigerator car, and the recovered cold energy is used for cooling the carriage of the refrigerator car. The natural gas is used as a power source of the refrigerator car, absorbs heat stored in the phase-change heat storage device and is beneficial to acting/generating electricity. The LNG refrigeration vehicle has the advantages that LNG cold energy and engine exhaust waste heat are recycled, energy is saved, the environment is protected, and the operation cost of the LNG refrigeration vehicle is reduced.

(2) The invention utilizes the first heat exchanger to recover the waste heat of the cooling water of the engine, thereby primarily heating the liquefied natural gas and further realizing the recovery of the heat energy of the refrigerator car.

(3) The gas natural gas is used in two ways, wherein one way of gas natural gas enters the first expansion machine to drive the first expansion machine to rotate and drive the turbocharger to rotate so as to realize air suction and pressurization of the engine; and the other path of the refrigerant enters the second expander to drive the second expander to rotate to generate power for the running of the refrigeration vehicle. The gaseous natural gas flowing out of the first expander and the second expander finally flows into the engine to be combusted, so that a power source is provided for the refrigerator car. The invention can continuously utilize LNG cold energy and engine exhaust heat energy for cooling and power generation.

(4) The three-way regulating valve can regulate the flow of LNG flowing through the second heat exchanger, and when the refrigeration capacity required by the refrigerator car is larger, the two-way opening degree of the three-way regulating valve is regulated, so that the flow flowing through the second heat exchanger is increased, and the increase of the supplied refrigeration capacity can be realized.

(5) The gaseous natural gas storage tank can be used for storing the gaseous natural gas flowing out through the second expander in the stop process of the LNG refrigerator car, the third electric switch valve is used for controlling the opening and closing of the gaseous natural gas storage tank, and when the LNG refrigerator car runs, the third electric switch valve is opened, and the gaseous natural gas storage tank can provide fuel for the engine.

(6) According to the invention, the cold energy absorbed by the second heat exchanger from the LNG is released into the compartment of the refrigerator car from the air duct through the fan, and meanwhile, when the temperature in the compartment of the refrigerator car is too low, the cold energy released by the second heat exchanger can be stored through the cold storage tank. The air duct can realize the circulation of air in the carriage of the refrigerator car, and is favorable for rapid and accurate cooling.

(7) The temperature sensor, the electric switch valve and the three-way regulating valve are all connected with the controller, so that the automatic control of the electric switch valve and the automatic regulation of the flow of the three-way regulating valve are realized.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement positions of the main components of the present invention.

The designations in the drawings have the following meanings:

1-a turbocharger; 2-a first gas expander; 3, an engine; 4-phase change heat storage device; 5-a first heat exchanger; 6-a fan; 7-a second heat exchanger; 8-three-way regulating valve; 9-a working medium pump; 10-a liquefied natural gas storage tank; 11-a first electrically operated on-off valve; 12-a second electrically operated on-off valve; 13-a second gas expander; 14-a gaseous natural gas storage tank; 15-a third electrically operated on-off valve; 16-a temperature sensor; 17-air return; 18-air supply outlet; 19-cold storage tank; 20-a refrigerated vehicle compartment; 21-cab.

Detailed Description

The technical scheme of the invention is more specifically explained by combining the following embodiments:

the LNG refrigerator car of the invention includes:

the turbocharger 1: for engine intake supercharging;

phase change heat storage device 4: the device is used for recovering the exhaust waste heat of the engine;

first heat exchanger 5: the waste heat recovery device is used for recovering the waste heat of the cooling water of the engine;

the second heat exchanger 7: the refrigerating system is used for providing refrigerating capacity for the refrigerator car carriage;

a natural gas supply unit: the expansion device is used for driving the first expansion machine 2 to rotate and driving the turbocharger 1 to rotate, and is also used for driving the second expansion machine 13 to rotate to generate electricity for a refrigeration vehicle;

the cold energy in the liquefied natural gas in the natural gas supply unit is recovered by the second heat exchanger 7, then is heated by the first heat exchanger 5 and the phase change heat storage device 4 to form gaseous natural gas, and then enters the first expander 2 and/or the second expander 13 respectively, and then enters the engine 3 to provide fuel for the engine. The phase change heat storage device 4 and the first heat exchanger 5 are arranged at the bottom of the LNG refrigerator car body.

In the invention, an exhaust outlet of an engine 3 is connected with a phase change heat storage device 4 and then is exhausted into the atmospheric environment.

The natural gas supply unit comprises a natural gas main pipeline, a first natural gas branch pipeline and a second natural gas branch pipeline, the first natural gas branch pipeline and the second natural gas branch pipeline are connected with an outlet of the natural gas main pipeline, an inlet of the natural gas main pipeline is connected with a liquefied natural gas storage tank 10, an outlet of the liquefied natural gas storage tank 10 is provided with a working medium pump 9 which is used for conveying natural gas to enable the natural gas to sequentially pass through a second heat exchanger 7, a first heat exchanger 5 and a phase change heat storage device 4, a first electric switch valve 11 which enables the natural gas to enter the first expander 2 is arranged on the first natural gas branch pipeline, and a second electric switch valve 12 which enables the natural gas to enter the second expander 13 is arranged on the second natural gas.

And the outlet of the working medium pump 9 is provided with a three-way regulating valve 8 for regulating the cold quantity of the second heat exchanger 7, one outlet of the three-way regulating valve 8 is connected with the inlet of the second heat exchanger 7, and the other outlet of the three-way regulating valve 8 is connected to the outlet of the second heat exchanger 7.

And a gaseous natural gas storage tank 14 is arranged at the outlet of the second expansion machine 13, the outlet of the gaseous natural gas storage tank 14 is connected to the fuel inlet of the engine, and a third electric switch valve 15 is arranged at the outlet of the gaseous natural gas storage tank 14. The gaseous natural gas storage tank 14 and the liquefied natural gas storage tank 10 are respectively disposed at positions between the cab 21 and the refrigerator car compartment 20.

The refrigerator car compartment 20 is provided with a temperature sensor 16. The refrigerator car is provided with an air duct, the air duct realizes air flow in a refrigerator car compartment 20 through an air return opening 17 and an air supply opening 18, and the second heat exchanger 7 and a fan 6 for blowing cold energy of the second heat exchanger 7 into the refrigerator car compartment are arranged in the air duct. The supply air outlet 18 is formed of a stainless steel orifice plate.

The air supply opening is provided with a cold accumulation tank 19 used for collecting more cold, an inlet of the cold accumulation tank 19 is provided with an automatic opening and closing control valve, and phase-change material encapsulation with proper phase-change temperature can be selected in the cold accumulation tank 19.

The specific working modes of the invention are mainly divided into the following two types:

firstly, in the driving process of the refrigerator car, the first electric switch valve 11, the second electric switch valve 12, the third electric switch valve 15 and the three-way regulating valve 22 are opened simultaneously to form a straight loop. The phase change material in the phase change heat storage device 4 is heated by the exhaust gas of the engine to store the exhaust heat in the phase change heat storage device 4. The liquid working medium in the liquefied natural gas storage tank 10 is pumped into the second heat exchanger 7 arranged inside the air channel of the refrigerator car carriage through the working medium pump 9, and the cold output of LNG is realized by blowing air through the fan 6 to reduce the temperature in the refrigerator car carriage, and the flow passes through the three-way regulating valve 8 in the circulation process, and when the cold quantity required by the refrigerator car carriage is large, the two-way opening degree of the three-way regulating valve is regulated, so that the flow passing through the second heat exchanger 7 is increased, and the cold quantity supply is increased. The LNG medium flowing through the compartment of the refrigerated vehicle absorbs the heat of engine cooling water through the first heat exchanger 5 to realize temperature rise, then flows into the phase-change heat storage device 4, absorbs the exhaust heat of the engine stored in the phase-change heat storage device 4, and the formed gaseous natural gas medium is divided into two parts, wherein one part of the gaseous natural gas medium enters the first expander 2, drives the first expander 2 to rotate to drive the turbocharger 1 to rotate, realizes air suction and pressurization of the engine, and provides a stronger power source for the refrigerated vehicle; and the other path of the electric power enters the second expander 13 to drive the second expander 13 to rotate for generating power, and the electric quantity is stored in a storage battery of the refrigerator car so as to supply power to the refrigerator car. The gaseous natural gas at the outlet of the third electric switch valve 15 and the first expander 2 flows into the engine to be combusted so as to provide a power source for the refrigerated vehicle.

Secondly, in the process of stopping the refrigerator car, the first electric switch valve 11 and the third electric switch valve 15 are closed, the second electric switch valve 12 is opened, the bypass loop of the three-way regulating valve 22 is opened, the three-way regulating valve 8 is regulated to a proper position, and the refrigerating requirement inside the refrigerator car carriage is met. The phase-change heat storage device 4 stores engine exhaust waste heat energy in the running process of the refrigerator car. The liquid working medium in the liquefied natural gas storage tank 10 is pumped into the second heat exchanger 7 arranged inside the air channel of the refrigerator car carriage through the working medium pump 9, and the cold output of LNG is realized by blowing air through the fan 6 to reduce the temperature in the refrigerator car carriage, and the flow passes through the three-way regulating valve 8 in the circulation process, and when the cold quantity required by the refrigerator car carriage is large, the two-way opening degree of the three-way regulating valve is regulated, so that the flow passing through the second heat exchanger 7 is increased, and the cold quantity supply is increased. The LNG medium that flows through the refrigerator car carriage directly flows into phase change heat-retaining device 4 through the bypass circuit of three-way control valve 22, absorbs the engine exhaust heat of storing in the phase change heat-retaining device 4, and the gaseous state natural gas medium of formation directly gets into second expander 13 in, drives the rotatory power generation of second expander 13, and the electric quantity is stored in the refrigerator car from taking the battery to supply the refrigerator car power consumption demand. The gaseous natural gas exiting the second expander 13 is stored in the gaseous LNG storage tank 14 for use when the refrigerated vehicle is in operation.

The LNG refrigerator car has the advantages that:

the waste heat of cooling water of the engine of the refrigerated vehicle and the waste heat of exhaust gas of the engine are recovered to be used as a heat source in the LNG gasification process, so that a power source is provided for the whole LNG work-applying power generation system, the use of primary energy is saved, and the beneficial effect of energy conservation is realized;

LNG cold energy is recycled, the refrigeration carriage is cooled by recycling the LNG cold energy, and the existing refrigeration system of the refrigerator car, such as a compressor, a condenser and an expansion valve, are removed, so that the manufacturing cost of the refrigerator car is greatly reduced;

the energy recovery is realized by adopting a phase-change material, and the phase-change heat storage device and the cold accumulation tank are arranged in the system, so that the energy saving and the constant temperature control in the heat exchange process are realized, and the requirements of continuous heat and cold utilization in the parking process of the refrigerator car are met; the phase-change heat storage device is adopted to ensure that the heat source is stably output when the engine works under different load conditions;

meanwhile, the heat and cold using requirements of the refrigerator car during parking are considered, and the phase change heat storage device and the cold storage device are adopted, so that the defect that the conventional refrigerator car cannot refrigerate and keep cold during parking is overcome;

the LNG is used as a refrigerating vehicle power fuel for operation and as an operation working medium for power generation by the system, so that the complexity of the system is greatly reduced;

the gaseous natural gas storage tank and the liquid natural gas storage tank are arranged between the cab and the refrigerator carriage body, so that the installation is more stable, and the stable and constant flow output of the working medium is ensured;

the refrigerator compartment temperature control system can simultaneously adjust the three-way adjusting valve and the fan frequency, so that the temperature of the refrigerator compartment can be quickly adjusted, and the control precision of the temperature of the refrigerator compartment can be improved by adopting an accurate closed-loop control loop.