阅读说明：本技术 一种高强度抗疲劳铝合金及其制备方法 (High-strength anti-fatigue aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof ) 是由 金义泉 于 2019-09-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种高强度抗疲劳铝合金及其制备方法,合金的成分按质量百分比包括：Cu：3.6-4.1％、Mg：0.6-1.1％、Mn：0.57-0.69％、Ti+La：0.35-0.72％、Ni：0.15-0.31％、Fe：0.41-0.53％、Si：0.11-0.27％、Zr：0.04-0.13％、Ce：0.12-0.26％、W：0.1-0.18％、Y：0.12-0.19％、Ge：0.32-0.46％、Sn：0.03-0.12％、Pr+Nd+Er：0.16-0.29％、V：0.05-0.09％、余量为Al。本发明提出的铝合金的制备方法过程简单,得到的铝合金强度高、韧性好、热稳定性和抗疲劳性优异。(The invention discloses a high-strength anti-fatigue aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, wherein the alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cu: 3.6-4.1%, Mg: 0.6-1.1%, Mn: 0.57-0.69%, Ti + La: 0.35-0.72%, Ni: 0.15-0.31%, Fe: 0.41-0.53%, Si: 0.11 to 0.27%, Zr: 0.04-0.13%, Ce: 0.12-0.26%, W: 0.1-0.18%, Y: 0.12-0.19%, Ge: 0.32-0.46%, Sn: 0.03-0.12%, Pr + Nd + Er: 0.16-0.29%, V: 0.05-0.09% and the balance of Al. The preparation method of the aluminum alloy provided by the invention has the advantages that the process is simple, and the obtained aluminum alloy has high strength, good toughness, excellent thermal stability and excellent fatigue resistance.)

1. The high-strength anti-fatigue aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: cu: 3.6-4.1%, Mg: 0.6-1.1%, Mn: 0.57-0.69%, Ti + La: 0.35-0.72%, Ni: 0.15-0.31%, Fe: 0.41-0.53%, Si: 0.11 to 0.27%, Zr: 0.04-0.13%, Ce: 0.12-0.26%, W: 0.1-0.18%, Y: 0.12-0.19%, Ge: 0.32-0.46%, Sn: 0.03-0.12%, Pr + Nd + Er: 0.16-0.29%, V: 0.05-0.09% and the balance of Al.

2. The high-strength fatigue-resistant aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the composition of Cu, Mg, Ce and W in percentage by mass satisfies the following relation: 3.9-4.6 percent of Cu/Mg, and more than or equal to 0.31 percent and less than or equal to 0.38 percent of Ce + W.

3. The high-strength fatigue-resistant aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the composition comprises, in mass percent, Ti and La in the following relationship: 3 × La is less than or equal to Ti.

4. The high-strength fatigue-resistant aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the composition of Pr, Nd, Er satisfies the following relationship in mass percent: er is more than or equal to 2.2 x (Pr + Nd).

5. The high-strength fatigue-resistant aluminum alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the composition thereof comprises, in mass percent: cu: 3.9%, Mg: 1%, Mn: 0.59%, Ti: 0.49%, La: 0.16%, Ni: 0.22%, Fe: 0.47%, Si: 0.19%, Zr: 0.09%, Ce: 0.21%, W: 0.12%, Y: 0.17%, Ge: 0.38%, Sn: 0.08%, Pr: 0.03%, Nd: 0.06%, Er: 0.2%, V: 0.06 percent and the balance of Al.

6. A method for producing a high strength, fatigue resistant aluminum alloy as defined in any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:

s1, taking Al-Cu intermediate alloy, pure magnesium, Al-Mn intermediate alloy, Al-Ti intermediate alloy, Al-La intermediate alloy, Al-Ni intermediate alloy, Al-Fe intermediate alloy, Al-Si intermediate alloy, Al-Zr intermediate alloy, Al-Ce intermediate alloy, Al-W intermediate alloy, Al-Y intermediate alloy, pure germanium, Al-Sn intermediate alloy, Al-Pr intermediate alloy, Al-Nd intermediate alloy, Al-Er intermediate alloy, Al-V intermediate alloy and high-purity aluminum as raw materials, smelting the raw materials, and casting to obtain an alloy ingot;

s2, carrying out homogenization treatment, hot rolling, intermediate annealing, cold rolling, solution treatment, quenching and artificial aging treatment on the alloy ingot in sequence to obtain the high-strength anti-fatigue aluminum alloy.

7. The method for producing a high-strength fatigue-resistant aluminum alloy according to claim 6, wherein in S2, the homogenizing treatment process includes: heating to 230-plus-one temperature at a heating rate of 1-3 ℃/min, preserving heat for 3.5-5h at 270 ℃, then heating to 420-plus-one temperature at a heating rate of 2-4 ℃/min, preserving heat for 5.5-8.5h at 450 ℃, and then heating to 525-plus-one temperature at a heating rate of 5-7 ℃/min, preserving heat for 12-18h at 533 ℃.

8. The method for preparing a high-strength fatigue-resistant aluminum alloy as recited in claim 6, wherein in S2, the hot rolling temperature is 455-475 ℃; the deformation amount of the cold rolling is 63-72%.

9. The method of claim 6, wherein the solution treatment temperature in S2 is 540-555 ℃ for 22-35 min.

10. The method for preparing a high-strength fatigue-resistant aluminum alloy as recited in any one of claims 6 to 9, wherein the temperature of the artificial aging treatment is 180-190 ℃ for 60-120min in S2.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum materials, in particular to a high-strength anti-fatigue aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The aluminum alloy is a general term of alloy taking aluminum as a matrix element, is used as a non-ferrous metal structural material which is most widely applied in industry, has the advantages of small density, high strength, good plasticity, easy processing, corrosion resistance, electric conduction, excellent heat conduction and corrosion resistance, easy surface coloring, recoverability and regeneration and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of aviation, aerospace, automobiles, building packaging, ships, chemical industry and the like at present. With the rapid development of scientific technology and industrial economy in recent years, new requirements on the performance of materials are provided, aluminum alloy sections face unprecedented challenges, and although China really obtains a lot of achievements in aluminum alloy research, the types of aluminum alloys in the market are various at present, but certain gaps are still left between the aluminum alloy sections and foreign countries. Some properties of the existing aluminum alloy profiles are still not ideal, such as strength, fatigue resistance and heat resistance, so that the aluminum alloy members are not effective in practical application, and the application range of the aluminum alloy members is limited.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems in the background art, the invention provides a high-strength anti-fatigue aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.

The invention provides a high-strength anti-fatigue aluminum alloy which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cu: 3.6-4.1%, Mg: 0.6-1.1%, Mn: 0.57-0.69%, Ti + La: 0.35-0.72%, Ni: 0.15-0.31%, Fe: 0.41-0.53%, Si: 0.11 to 0.27%, Zr: 0.04-0.13%, Ce: 0.12-0.26%, W: 0.1-0.18%, Y: 0.12-0.19%, Ge: 0.32-0.46%, Sn: 0.03-0.12%, Pr + Nd + Er: 0.16-0.29%, V: 0.05-0.09% and the balance of Al.

Preferably, the composition of the alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 3.9-4.6 percent of Cu/Mg, and more than or equal to 0.31 percent and less than or equal to 0.38 percent of Ce + W.

Preferably, the composition of the alloy comprises the following relation formula in percentage by mass of Ti and La: 3 × La is less than or equal to Ti.

Preferably, the composition of the material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: er is more than or equal to 2.2 x (Pr + Nd).

Preferably, the high-strength fatigue-resistant aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cu: 3.9%, Mg: 1%, Mn: 0.59%, Ti: 0.49%, La: 0.16%, Ni: 0.22%, Fe: 0.47%, Si: 0.19%, Zr: 0.09%, Ce: 0.21%, W: 0.12%, Y: 0.17%, Ge: 0.38%, Sn: 0.08%, Pr: 0.03%, Nd: 0.06%, Er: 0.2%, V: 0.06 percent and the balance of Al.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the high-strength anti-fatigue aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps:

s1, taking Al-Cu intermediate alloy, pure magnesium, Al-Mn intermediate alloy, Al-Ti intermediate alloy, Al-La intermediate alloy, Al-Ni intermediate alloy, Al-Fe intermediate alloy, Al-Si intermediate alloy, Al-Zr intermediate alloy, Al-Ce intermediate alloy, Al-W intermediate alloy, Al-Y intermediate alloy, pure germanium, Al-Sn intermediate alloy, Al-Pr intermediate alloy, Al-Nd intermediate alloy, Al-Er intermediate alloy, Al-V intermediate alloy and high-purity aluminum as raw materials, smelting the raw materials, and casting to obtain an alloy ingot;

s2, carrying out homogenization treatment, hot rolling, intermediate annealing, cold rolling, solution treatment, quenching and artificial aging treatment on the alloy ingot in sequence to obtain the high-strength anti-fatigue aluminum alloy.

Preferably, in S2, the homogenizing process includes: heating to 230-plus-one temperature at a heating rate of 1-3 ℃/min, preserving heat for 3.5-5h at 270 ℃, then heating to 420-plus-one temperature at a heating rate of 2-4 ℃/min, preserving heat for 5.5-8.5h at 450 ℃, and then heating to 525-plus-one temperature at a heating rate of 5-7 ℃/min, preserving heat for 12-18h at 533 ℃.

Preferably, in S2, the temperature of the hot rolling is 455-475 ℃; the deformation amount of the cold rolling is 63-72%.

Preferably, in S2, the temperature of the solution treatment is 540-555 ℃ and the time is 22-35 min.

Preferably, in S2, the temperature of the artificial aging treatment is 180-190 ℃ and the time is 60-120 min.

Preferably, in S1, the purity of the high-purity aluminum is more than or equal to 99.9 percent; the purity of the pure magnesium is more than or equal to 99.99 percent.

Preferably, in S2, the quenching is a cold water quenching, the temperature of the cold water used being 20-25 ℃.

Preferably, in S2, the temperature of the intermediate annealing is 375-395 ℃ and the time is 50-120 min.

According to the high-strength anti-fatigue aluminum alloy, multiple elements of Cu, Mg, Mn, Ti, La, Ni, Fe, Si, Zr, Ce, W, Y, Ge, Sn, Pr, Nd, Er and V are added, the content of the alloy is optimized, the preparation process conditions are adjusted, the elements play a synergistic effect, and the obtained aluminum alloy is high in strength, good in toughness and excellent in heat resistance and fatigue resistance; specifically, the contents and the proportion of Cu and Mg are controlled, and Ce, W and Y are added for microalloying, so that the mass content of Ce and W is more than or equal to 0.31 percent and less than or equal to 0.3 percent of Ce + W8% of the total amount of S (Al) in the matrix₂CuMg) phase, theta (Al)₂Cu)、θ′(Al₂Cu) content and form finely dispersed Al_x(Ce，W)、CeAl₄And Al₈Cu₄The microstructure of the alloy is improved, matrix deformation, grain boundary movement and grain growth are inhibited, Al volatilization is prevented, the obtained aluminum alloy has higher strength at high temperature, and the aluminum alloy is endowed with excellent heat resistance and strength; v and Sn are added into the system in a matching way, and the V and the Sn have a synergistic effect, so that the fracture toughness and the fatigue resistance of the alloy are improved; ge. La is added into the system and is matched with Si, so that the precipitation of an S phase in a matrix is promoted, the growth speed of crystal grains is reduced, and the hardness and tensile strength of the alloy are improved; pr, Nd and Er are added into the system, and the mass content of the Pr, Nd and Er is adjusted to meet the condition that the Er is more than or equal to 2.2 x (Pr + Nd), so that the Pr, Nd and Er have synergistic action, and the strength of the alloy is further improved; zr and Ti are added into the system, and meanwhile, the mass content of Ti and La is more than or equal to 3 multiplied by La, so that the Zr, Ti and La have a synergistic effect, the structure is refined, the recrystallization temperature of the alloy is adjusted, and the strength and toughness of the obtained aluminum alloy are good; in the preparation method of the aluminum alloy, the homogenization treatment process is controlled, the dendritic crystal segregation in the alloy is eliminated, meanwhile, the coarse second-phase particles generated by adding Er and the like in the alloy can be dissolved, the fatigue crack propagation resistance of the alloy is improved, and the tensile strength, the yield strength and the elongation of the alloy are improved; specifically, 455-475 ℃ is selected as the hot rolling temperature, and a solid solution process of solid solution treatment for 22-35min at 540-555 ℃ is selected, so that the alloy is dynamically recrystallized to form more recrystallization textures with certain orientation, the fatigue crack propagation rate of the alloy is reduced, and the fatigue resistance of the alloy is effectively improved; the cold rolling deformation is specifically controlled to be 63-72%, a large amount of dislocation with strong interaction is generated, finer grains are formed, the expansion of fatigue cracks is hindered, and the fatigue performance of the matrix is further improved; the artificial aging treatment is carried out for 60-120min at the temperature of 180-190 ℃, a precipitation phase which is fine and dispersed and has the coherent interface characteristic with the alloy matrix is formed in the alloy, the dislocation motion is hindered, and the yield strength of the alloy is improved under the condition of not reducing the fatigueAnd (4) degree.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples.