阅读说明：本技术 一种颅骨缺失保护性外骨骼贴 (Skull-missing protective exoskeleton patch ) 是由 刘先波 王婕 王登 于 2019-10-28 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种颅骨缺失保护性外骨骼贴,包括外骨骼贴和环形双面胶,所述外骨骼贴由外表层、外骨骼板和包裹层组成,所述外骨骼贴上装有排气阀门。本颅骨缺失保护性外骨骼贴能在颅骨缺失部位的头皮外装备外骨骼支撑,不但能抵挡外力损伤颅内组织,维持正常稳定的颅内压,而且能恢复颅腔正常形态,恢复颅内组织正常解剖位置,起到良好保护和支撑作用,避免颅内组织和脑室系统塌陷,有利于改善脑组织供血,降低颅内出血、癫痫、脑积水等并发症的发生率,并为后续颅骨修补术创造有利条件,使患者获得更好的预后。(The invention provides a skull-defect protective exoskeleton sticker which comprises an exoskeleton sticker and annular double-sided adhesive tapes, wherein the exoskeleton sticker consists of an outer surface layer, an exoskeleton plate and a wrapping layer, and an exhaust valve is arranged on the exoskeleton sticker. The skull-missing protective exoskeleton patch can be used for providing exoskeleton support outside the scalp of a skull-missing part, can resist external force to damage intracranial tissues, maintain normal and stable intracranial pressure, can restore the normal shape of cranial cavities, restore the normal anatomical position of the intracranial tissues, play good protection and support roles, avoid the collapse of the intracranial tissues and a ventricular system, be beneficial to improving the blood supply of brain tissues, reduce the incidence rate of complications such as intracranial hemorrhage, epilepsy, hydrocephalus and the like, create favorable conditions for subsequent skull repair and enable patients to obtain better prognosis.)

1. A skull-loss protective exoskeleton sticker is characterized in that: the exoskeleton patch comprises an exoskeleton patch (1) and an annular double-sided adhesive tape (2), wherein the exoskeleton patch (1) consists of an outer surface layer (3), an exoskeleton plate (4) and a wrapping layer (5), and an exhaust valve (8) is arranged on the exoskeleton patch (1).

2. The skull loss protective exoskeleton patch as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outer surface layer (3) is made of a smooth transparent soft material, has a thickness of 0.1 ~ 0.5.5 mm, and is tightly adhered to the outer side surface of the exoskeleton patch (1).

3. The skull loss protective exoskeleton patch as claimed in claim 1, wherein the exoskeleton plate (4) is made of high-hardness transparent lightweight material, has a thickness of 1 ~ 2mm, and covers 0.5 ~ 1cm beyond the edge of the bone window (11).

4. The skull-loss protective exoskeleton patch as claimed in claim 1, wherein the wrapping layer (5) is made of transparent soft and flexible material, tightly wraps the edges and the inner side surfaces of the exoskeleton plates (4) and is 1 ~ 4mm thick.

5. The skull loss protective exoskeleton patch of claim 1, wherein: the wrapping layer (5) is divided into an attaching part (6) and a sticking part (7).

6. The skull loss protective exoskeleton patch of claim 5, wherein: the attaching part (6) is a part of which the wrapping layer covers the inner side surface of the outer skeleton plate (4).

7. The skull-loss protective exoskeleton patch as claimed in claim 5, wherein the adhesive part (7) is a ring-shaped part formed by extending the wrapping layer (5) outwards from the edge of the exoskeleton plate (4) and having a width of 1 ~ 2 cm.

8. The skull loss protective exoskeleton patch of claim 1, wherein: the pasting range of the annular double-sided adhesive tape (2) is matched with the range of the pasting part (7).

9. The skull loss protective exoskeleton patch of claim 1, wherein: the three-dimensional curved surface shape of the exoskeleton plate (4) is matched with the curved surface shape of the missing skull, and the three-dimensional curved surface shapes of the annular double-faced adhesive tape (2) and the sticking part (7) are matched with the scalp curved surface shape of the sticking part.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of medical instruments, in particular to a skull-missing protective exoskeleton patch.

Background

Craniectomy is a common surgical procedure used in craniocerebral surgery. Partial craniocerebral trauma, cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarction patients can relieve intracranial hypertension by cutting off partial cranium, and avoid the life threatening caused by cerebral hernia and brain tissue necrosis due to the intracranial hypertension. Some patients need to remove the damaged skull due to the pathological changes of the skull and cannot repair the damaged skull at the same time. The patients can leave behind the sequelae of skull deletion.

The skull can be repaired only when the patient has better disease and the skin has good condition after the skull is lost, and the skull is lost as a hazard when the patient generally needs to wait for 3-6 months after the craniectomy. Without skull protection, intracranial tissues can be easily injured by external force. After the integrity of cranial cavity is destroyed, when the position of a patient changes, coughs and sneezes repeatedly, the pressure of cranial cavity fluctuates sharply, so that intracranial tissues swell and collapse repeatedly, and the tissues are shifted and pulled to cause the harm of intracranial hemorrhage, encephalic tissue incarceration and the like. Aiming at the risks, the family members need to strengthen the monitoring of the patient with the skull loss to avoid the trauma. Clinically, soft materials such as cotton and gauze are often filled in the bone window, and bandaged to maintain stable intracranial pressure, or a protective plate is further covered outside the bone window or a protective cap is worn to avoid external force damage.

However, the above treatment methods do not restore the normal physiological morphology of the cranial cavity, nor the normal anatomical position of the tissue within the cranial cavity. When the tamponade is pressed for a long time and the atmospheric pressure directly acts on unsupported soft intracranial tissues, the intracranial tissues and a cerebral ventricular system can be caused to collapse, cerebral blood flow disorder and cerebrospinal fluid circulation disorder are caused, the repair of damaged cerebral tissues is not facilitated, even complications such as cerebral swelling, hydrocephalus and the like are caused, and the cerebral tissues are further damaged. The formation of brain swelling and hydrocephalus is not beneficial to the follow-up skull repair operation, and partial patients even need to be compensated by ventricular shunt. When a patient is in a skull-missing state for a long time and carries out skull repair operation, under the condition of suddenly recovering the normal form of a cranial cavity, the suddenly changed anatomical position of intracranial tissues and intracranial pressure can influence the cerebral blood supply and the cerebrospinal fluid circulation, and complications such as intracranial hemorrhage, epilepsy, hydrocephalus and the like can be caused.

Therefore, aiming at a patient with cranialescectomy, the cranialescectomy device not only needs to resist external force to directly damage intracranial tissues and maintain normal and stable intracranial pressure, but also needs to recover the normal physiological form of the cranial cavity as early as possible, recover the normal anatomical position of the tissues in the cranial cavity and avoid the collapse of the intracranial tissues and a ventricular system, thereby being beneficial to improving the blood supply of the cerebral tissues, reducing the probability of the occurrence of complications such as intracranial hemorrhage, epilepsy, hydrocephalus and the like, creating favorable conditions for the subsequent cranioplasty and enabling the patient to obtain better prognosis.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a skull-missing protective exoskeleton patch which can be used for preparing an exoskeleton support outside the scalp of a bone window part, can resist external force to damage intracranial tissues, maintain normal and stable intracranial pressure, recover the normal shape of cranial cavities, recover the normal anatomical position of the intracranial tissues, play a good role in protection and support, avoid the collapse of the intracranial tissues and a ventricular system, be beneficial to improving the blood supply of the cerebral tissues, reduce the incidence rate of complications such as intracranial hemorrhage, epilepsy, hydrocephalus and the like, create favorable conditions for the subsequent cranioplasty, and enable patients to obtain better prognosis.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:

the skull-defect protective exoskeleton sticker comprises an exoskeleton sticker and an annular double-sided adhesive tape, wherein the exoskeleton sticker consists of an outer surface layer, an exoskeleton plate and a wrapping layer, and an exhaust valve is arranged on the exoskeleton sticker.

Preferably, the outer surface layer is made of a smooth transparent soft material, has a thickness of 0.1 ~ 0.5.5 mm, and is tightly adhered to the outer side of the exoskeleton.

Preferably, the exoskeleton plate is made of high-hardness transparent lightweight material, has the thickness of 1 ~ 2mm, and covers 0.5 ~ 1cm beyond the edge of the bone window.

Preferably, the wrapping layer is made of transparent soft and flexible material, tightly wraps the edge and the inner side surface of the exoskeleton plate and has the thickness of 1 ~ 4 mm.

Preferably, the wrapping layer is divided into an attaching portion and an adhering portion.

Preferably, the attaching part is a part of the wrapping layer covering the inner side surface of the exoskeleton plate.

Preferably, the adhesive part is a ring-shaped part formed by extending the wrapping layer outwards from the edge of the outer bone plate and having a width of 1 ~ 2 cm.

Preferably, the adhering range of the annular double-sided adhesive tape is matched with the adhering part range.

Preferably, the three-dimensional curved surface shape of the exoskeleton plate is matched with the curved surface shape of the missing skull, and the three-dimensional curved surface shape of the annular double-faced adhesive and the adhering part is matched with the curved surface shape of the scalp of the adhering part.

The beneficial effects of the invention are:

the exoskeleton paster is sealed and fixed in a bone window area by using annular double-sided adhesive tape, a medical injector or a negative pressure device is connected with an exhaust valve, air between the exoskeleton paster and a scalp is pumped out through the exhaust valve, the exoskeleton paster is tightly attached to the scalp at the bone window by using the negative pressure effect, and an exoskeleton support is formed outside the scalp without skull support.

The exoskeleton plate can be made of high-hardness plastics or polymer synthetic materials and the like, is light in texture and is beneficial to wearing the device.

The outer surface layer can be made of soft plastics or polymer synthetic materials, and the like, has smooth outer surface, covers the outer side surface of the exoskeleton paster, reduces the friction force between the exoskeleton paster and clothes, quilts and other objects to the maximum extent, and effectively avoids the exoskeleton paster and surrounding objects from being rubbed and displaced in daily life.

The wrapping layer can be made of medical silica gel, plastic or polymer synthetic materials and the like, is soft in texture and good in toughness, can effectively buffer shearing force even if the exoskeleton sticker is scraped and rubbed with surrounding articles, avoids tissue traction damage such as scalps and the like, is used as a soft inner liner of the exoskeleton sticker, further buffers compression damage of external force to the scalps and surrounding tissues, and improves wearing comfort of patients.

The coverage range of each part of the exoskeleton patch is shown in fig. 4, (9) the range in the ring is an exoskeleton patch coverage area, (10) the range in the ring is an exoskeleton plate coverage area, (11) the edge of a bone window, (12) the scalp area pasted by annular double-sided adhesive tape, (13) the mutual lap joint area of the exoskeleton plate and the skull around the bone window, and (14) the bone window. As shown in the figure, the coverage range of the exoskeleton plate exceeds the edge of the bone window, namely, a mutual lap joint area exists between the edge of the exoskeleton plate and the skull at the edge of the bone window, so that the exoskeleton is pasted with a supporting and fixing area, the exoskeleton paste can be stably pasted on the missing part of the skull, and the displacement and the collapse of the exoskeleton paste are avoided.

The outer surface layer, the exoskeleton plate and the wrapping layer of the exoskeleton patch are all made of transparent materials, so that the attachment degree between the exoskeleton patch and the scalp can be directly observed, air under the exoskeleton patch is pumped out through the exhaust valve at any time, and the sealing state of the exoskeleton patch can be efficiently monitored and maintained.

When the scalp hair grows or a large number of secretions cause that the device can not maintain the sealing state, the exoskeleton sticker is torn off, the skin is prepared again and the scalp is cleaned, the annular double-sided adhesive tape is replaced and fixed, the exoskeleton sticker can be repeatedly used, and the device is simple to maintain and low in cost.

The device comprises a skull CT thin-layer scanning device, a skull and scalp three-dimensional reconstruction device, a three-dimensional model line mirror image processing device, an exoskeleton plate, an adhesive part and a ring-shaped double-faced adhesive tape, wherein the three-dimensional curved surface form of the exoskeleton plate is matched with the curved surface form of a missing skull, the three-dimensional curved surface form of the ring-shaped double-faced adhesive tape and the adhesive part is matched with the curved surface form of a scalp adhered to the skull, and the wearing success rate of the exoskeleton adhesive tape is guaranteed.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the application, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification.

Fig. 1 is a schematic side view of a skull-missing protective exoskeleton patch.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the inner side of the exoskeleton patch.

Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the skull-missing protective exoskeleton patch.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of coverage of various parts of the exoskeleton patch.

Wherein: 1. an exoskeleton patch; 2. annular double faced adhesive tape; 3. an outer skin layer; 4. an exoskeleton plate; 5. a wrapping layer; 6. an attaching part; 7. an adhesive part; 8. an exhaust valve; 9. an exoskeleton attachment coverage area; 10. an exoskeleton plate footprint; 11. a bone window edge; 12. a scalp adhesive area; 13. an exoskeleton plate-skull lap zone; 14. the bone window.

Detailed Description

Example 1 wearing of a skull-missing protective exoskeleton patch, which is to remove and clean hair on the scalp within a range of 1 ~ 3cm outside a bone window position and the edge of the bone window, seal and stick the inner side surface of an annular double-sided adhesive tape to a scalp sticking area after the scalp is air-dried, open an exhaust valve on the exoskeleton patch, stick a sticking part on the exoskeleton patch to the outer side surface of the annular double-sided adhesive tape correspondingly, so that the exoskeleton patch is sealed and fixed on the bone window position, for example, a gap exists between the exoskeleton patch and the scalp at the bone window position, draw out air in the gap through the exhaust valve by using an injector or a negative pressure device, observe the sticking condition of the sticking part and the scalp at the bone window position through the exoskeleton patch, close the exhaust valve after the scalp is tightly stuck on the sticking part, and finish wearing.

(example 2) removal and replacement of skull loss protective exoskeleton patches: when the sticking part and the scalp are not stuck to be sealed, the exhaust valve is opened, the exoskeleton sticker is slowly torn off from the scalp, a new annular double-sided adhesive tape is replaced, and the exoskeleton sticker is installed again according to the corresponding operation steps of the embodiment 1.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.