阅读说明：本技术 一种无人机载高光谱成像仪反演亚热带植被叶面积指数的方法 (Method for inverting subtropical vegetation leaf area index by unmanned aerial vehicle-mounted hyperspectral imager ) 是由 蔡建楠 何甜辉 于 2019-08-12 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种基于无人机和高光谱技术反演亚热带植被叶面积指数的方法,其特征在于：利用无人机载高光谱成像仪、GPS模块、时间模块、数据运算模块,获得目标区域植被高光谱数据和几何参数数据；将获得的高光谱数据进行特征光谱提取,得到8个波段的特征光谱数据；基于PROSAIL辐射传输模型,将提取的特征光谱数据和几何参数数据作为输入数据,采用人工神经网络算法进行叶面积指数反演。本发明提供了一种同时具备高空间分辨率和高光谱分辨率的亚热带植被叶面积指数遥感测量方法。(A method for inverting the leaf area index of subtropical vegetation based on an unmanned aerial vehicle and a hyperspectral technology is characterized by comprising the following steps: acquiring high spectral data and geometric parameter data of vegetation in a target area by utilizing an unmanned aerial vehicle-mounted high spectral imager, a GPS module, a time module and a data operation module; extracting the characteristic spectrum of the obtained hyperspectral data to obtain characteristic spectrum data of 8 wave bands; based on a PROSAIL radiation transmission model, the extracted characteristic spectrum data and geometric parameter data are used as input data, and an artificial neural network algorithm is adopted to carry out leaf area index inversion. The invention provides a method for remotely sensing and measuring the leaf area index of subtropical vegetation, which has high spatial resolution and high spectral resolution.)

1. A method for inverting the leaf area index of subtropical vegetation by an unmanned airborne hyperspectral imager is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) Synchronously carrying a hyperspectral imager, a GPS module, a time module and a data operation module by an unmanned aerial vehicle platform, aerobating in an object area, shooting and synchronously acquiring continuous hyperspectral images and space-time parameter data of vegetation in a research area;

(2) The data operation module solves and records the solar zenith angle corresponding to the hyperspectral data through the time-space parameter data acquired by the GPS module and the time module, so that the synchronous acquisition of the hyperspectral data and the geometric parameter data required by the inversion model is realized;

(3) Performing radiance correction and geometric correction processing on the acquired hyperspectral data to obtain vegetation canopy top reflectivity data with high spatial precision;

(4) resampling the obtained hyperspectral data of the reflectivity of the top of the vegetation canopy to form a plurality of characteristic wave band data:

(5) Distinguishing vegetation from non-vegetation by using the obtained characteristic wave band data, and extracting vegetation partial areas to reduce subsequent data processing amount;

(6) Constructing a BP neural network model based on a canopy reflection model PROSAIL, carrying out model training by adopting 1000 measured data, and carrying out verification by adopting 300 measured data to determine a leaf area index inversion model;

(7) And (4) performing inversion to obtain a leaf area index result of the vegetation area based on the BP neural network model determined in the last step by using the extracted characteristic waveband data in the vegetation area and the obtained flight geometric parameter data.

2. the method of claim 1 for inverting the leaf area index of subtropical vegetation with the unmanned airborne hyperspectral imager, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the aviation flying finger uses a polygonal tool of space geographic data browsing and plotting software to plan a flying area and an acquisition area; the hyperspectral imager adopts GPS position to trigger shooting, namely the imager flies into the area to start collecting, and flies out of the area to stop collecting.

3. The method of claim 1 for inverting the leaf area index of subtropical vegetation with the unmanned airborne hyperspectral imager, wherein the method comprises the following steps: according to the canopy reflection model PROSAIL, the geometric parameters required for inversion of the vegetation leaf area index include: the hyperspectral imager is carried on a three-axis pan-tilt in the step (1) of sun zenith angle (theta s), observation zenith angle (theta v) and relative azimuth angle, the shooting direction of the imager is stably kept perpendicular to the ground in the aviation flight and shooting processes, so that the observation zenith angle (theta v) and the relative azimuth angle are both constant to 0 degrees, and the solving of three geometric parameters is simplified into the solving of the sun zenith angle (theta s).

4. the method of claim 1 for inverting the leaf area index of subtropical vegetation with the unmanned airborne hyperspectral imager, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the data operation module inversely calculates the solar zenith angle (theta s) under the condition of known longitude and latitude and time by adopting the following method:

In the formula, thetas is a solar zenith angle and represents a geographical latitude, delta represents a solar declination, and t represents a time angle; the formula for calculating the declination of the sun is as follows:

δ(deg)＝0.006918-0.399912cos(b)+0.070257sin(b)-0.006758cos(2b)+ 0.000907sin(2b)-0.002697cos(3b)+0.00148sin(3b)

Wherein, b is 2 pi (N-1)/365, N is the product day, namely the sequence number of the date in the year;

The formula for calculating the time angle is as follows: t is (S × 12) × 15 °, where S denotes true sun;

The calculation formula in real sun is as follows: and S-4 (120-gamma) multiplied by delta t, wherein S represents the time sun of Beijing Pink, gamma represents the local longitude, and delta t represents the time difference.

5. The method of claim 1 for inverting the leaf area index of subtropical vegetation with the unmanned airborne hyperspectral imager, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the hyperspectral imager in the step (1) is a Nano-Hyperspec full-waveband hyperspectral imager, the wavelength range is 400-1000nm, the number of spectral channels is 270, the number of spatial channels is 640, the spectral sampling interval is 2.2nm/pixel, and the maximum frame rate is 350 fps.

6. The method of claim 1 for inverting the leaf area index of subtropical vegetation with the unmanned airborne hyperspectral imager, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the radiance correction of the hyperspectral data in the step (3) refers to a processing process of converting a digital quantization value (DN) of a hyperspectral image into a reflectivity, and the specific method is as follows: the hyperspectral imager collects original data which is 12-bit DN value data, the DN value data is converted into radiance data by loading a configuration file which corresponds to integration time and is calibrated by radiance when leaving a factory, the relation between the DN value and the radiance is established by the following formula, and the DN value data is converted into radiance data: DN is L1 XG Xtexp + DF, wherein DN is the original light intensity value recorded by the hyperspectral imager and has no dimension; LI is the radiance value of only considering the first-order light splitting of the grating; g is the camera gain; texp is the integration time of the photosensitive element; DF is dark current noise.

7. The method of claim 1 for inverting the leaf area index of subtropical vegetation with the unmanned airborne hyperspectral imager, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the plurality of characteristic wave bands and the central wavelengths thereof in the step (4) are B1561.5nm, B2665.9nm, B3705.4nm, B4740.2nm, B5782.0nm, B6865.6nm, B7909.7nm and B8949.1nm respectively; wherein the B2 and B6 characteristic bands are used to distinguish vegetation and the B1 to B8 characteristic bands are used to invert the leaf area index.

8. The method of claim 7 for inverting the leaf area index of subtropical vegetation with the unmanned airborne hyperspectral imager, wherein: the resampling method of the hyperspectral data in the step (4) is to perform convolution calculation on the hyperspectral data by using a wave band response function, convert the hyperspectral data into multispectral data of 8 wave bands in total, and the calculation formula is as follows: ρ M is ρ H × DR/sum (DR), where ρ M represents the multispectral reflectance, ρ H represents the hyperspectral reflectance, DR is the band response function, and sum (DR) represents the sum of the response values as the band response function.

9. The method of claim 8 for inverting the leaf area index of subtropical vegetation with the unmanned airborne hyperspectral imager, wherein: the algorithm for distinguishing vegetation from non-vegetation in the step (5) is to calculate the normalized vegetation index (NDVI) of the pixel according to the spectral information of the pixel, and divide the land and plant components in the pixel into vegetation and non-vegetation according to the obtained NDVI value; the NDVI is calculated by the formula: and (B6-B2)/(B6+ B2) wherein B2 and B6 are respectively the reflectivities of the characteristic wave band in the step (4), and the pixels with the NDVI less than 0.3 are non-vegetation pixels and are subjected to masking treatment.

10. The method of claim 9 for inverting the leaf area index of subtropical vegetation with an unmanned airborne hyperspectral imager, wherein: the BP neural network model in the step (6) is a BP neural network model constructed based on a canopy reflection model PROSAIL, the input quantities of the BP neural network model are respectively 9 neurons of B1-B8 and cos (theta s), and the output quantity of the BP neural network model is 1 neuron, namely the leaf area index; the BP neural network adopts a hidden layer, and the hidden layer is 5 neurons; the BP neural network model adopts 1000 actually measured sample data to train the neural network sample, adopts 300 samples to verify and determines a leaf area index inversion model.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of ecological environment monitoring, in particular to a vegetation information detection system and method based on inversion of an unmanned airborne hyperspectral imager.

Background

the Leaf Area Index (LAI) refers to the Area of the perpendicular projection of a single plant Leaf per unit surface Area. The leaf area index can reflect carbon dioxide, energy and material environment in a plant canopy, is an important index of forest growth and health condition, and is also a basis for estimating ecological parameters such as evapotranspiration, soil moisture, canopy cut-off quantity and the like, so that the leaf area index is widely applied to the fields of agriculture, forestry, biology, ecology and the like, and becomes an important plant parameter and evaluation index.

The method for measuring the leaf area index mainly comprises a direct measuring method (a leaf area measuring method, a fallen leaf collecting method and a layered harvesting method) and an indirect method (an extinction coefficient method, an empirical formula method, a remote sensing monitoring method) and the like. The direct measurement method usually requires workers to enter a sample plot to carry out measurement, consumes a lot of manpower and time, and is not suitable for leaf area index measurement of vegetation in a large area. The indirect method is mainly based on the spectral characteristics of the satellite remote sensing image, and the leaf area index of the image pixel is inverted according to a specific model and an algorithm; however, due to the limitation of insufficient spatial resolution and spectral resolution of the satellite remote sensing image, the leaf area index measured by the method is generally low in precision and difficult to meet the requirement of real management. Meanwhile, the imaging quality of the satellite remote sensing image is easily influenced by weather, and effective satellite remote sensing data cannot be obtained in rainy weather. The satellite remote sensing monitoring in the same area needs to be separated for a certain time due to the limitation of the satellite re-return period, and the monitoring cannot be flexibly carried out according to the actual management requirement.

The development of the unmanned aerial vehicle technology provides conditions for monitoring the vegetation leaf area index close to the ground and in a large area. Under the condition of meeting certain weather and illumination, the unmanned aerial vehicle can monitor the vegetation according to the air route of setting for, has greatly improved the flexibility of monitoring work and the timeliness of obtaining data, has great advantage than current direct determination method and indirect determination method.

At present, an airborne optical imager for inversion of vegetation leaf area indexes is mainly a multispectral imager, and the main spectral band of the airborne optical imager is fixed and the spectral resolution is insufficient. The hyperspectral remote sensing technology has the characteristics of high spatial resolution, continuous spectrum and rich data information, and provides further possibility for accurately and quantitatively extracting surface feature information. The hyperspectral remote sensing technology and the unmanned aerial vehicle technology are combined, and a proper data model and an inversion method are adopted, so that the requirements of rapid, continuous and accurate monitoring of the area index of the planted leaves in a research area can be met.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the existing defects of a vegetation leaf area index remote sensing monitoring technology and provides a method for inverting the vegetation leaf area index by using an unmanned aerial hyperspectral imager.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.

A method for inverting the leaf area index of subtropical vegetation by an unmanned airborne hyperspectral imager comprises the following steps: 1. synchronously carrying a hyperspectral imager, a GPS module, a time module and a data operation module by an unmanned aerial vehicle platform, aerobating in an object area, shooting and synchronously acquiring continuous hyperspectral images and space-time parameter data of vegetation in a research area; 2. the data operation module solves and records the solar zenith angle corresponding to the hyperspectral data through the time-space parameter data acquired by the GPS module and the time module, so that the synchronous acquisition of the hyperspectral data and the geometric parameter data required by the inversion model is realized; 3. performing radiance correction and geometric correction processing on the acquired hyperspectral data to obtain vegetation canopy top reflectivity data with high spatial precision; 4. resampling the obtained hyperspectral data of the reflectivity of the top of the vegetation canopy to form a plurality of characteristic wave band data; 5. distinguishing vegetation from non-vegetation by using the obtained characteristic wave band data, and extracting vegetation partial areas to reduce subsequent data processing amount; 6. constructing a BP neural network model based on a canopy reflection model PROSAIL, carrying out model training by adopting 1000 measured data, and carrying out verification by adopting 300 measured data to determine a leaf area index inversion model; 7. and (4) performing inversion to obtain a leaf area index result of the vegetation area based on the BP neural network model determined in the last step by using the extracted characteristic waveband data in the vegetation area and the obtained flight geometric parameter data.

Preferably, the aviation flying finger in the step 1 plans a flying area and an acquisition area by using a polygonal tool of space geographic data browsing and plotting software; the hyperspectral imager adopts GPS position to trigger shooting, namely the imager flies into the area to start collecting, and flies out of the area to stop collecting.

According to the canopy reflection model PROSAIL, the geometric parameters required for inversion of the vegetation leaf area index include: the sun zenith angle (theta s), the observation zenith angle (theta v) and the relative azimuth angle are preferred, the hyperspectral imager used by the invention is carried on the three-axis pan-tilt, the photographing direction of the imager is stably kept vertical to the ground in the aviation flight and photographing processes, so that the observation zenith angle (theta v) and the relative azimuth angle are both constant to 0 degree, and the solution of three geometric parameters is simplified into the solution of the sun zenith angle (theta s).

Preferably, the data operation module inversely calculates the solar zenith angle (θ s) under the condition of known longitude and latitude and time by adopting the following method: in the formula, thetas is a solar zenith angle and represents a geographical latitude, delta represents a solar declination, and t represents a time angle. Wherein, the formula for calculating the solar declination is as follows:

δ(deg)＝0.006918-0.399912cos(b)+0.070257sin(b)-0.006758cos(2b)+ 0.000907sin(2b)

-0.002697cos(3b)+0.00148sin(3b)

Wherein, b is 2 pi (N-1)/365, N is the product day, namely the sequence number of the date in the year;

The formula for calculating the time angle is as follows: t is (S × 12) × 15 °, where S denotes true sun;

The calculation formula in real sun is as follows: and S-4 (120-gamma) multiplied by delta t, wherein S represents the time sun of Beijing Pink, gamma represents the local longitude, and delta t represents the time difference.

Preferably, the hyperspectral imager in the step 1 is a Nano-Hyperspec full-waveband hyperspectral imager, the wavelength range is 400-1000nm, the number of spectral channels is 270, the number of spatial channels is 640, the spectral sampling interval is 2.2nm/pixel, and the maximum frame rate is 350 fps.

Preferably, the radiance correction of the hyperspectral data in the step (2) is a processing procedure of converting a digital quantization value (DN) of the hyperspectral image into a reflectivity, and the specific method is as follows: the hyperspectral imager collects original data which is 12-bit DN value data, the DN value data is converted into radiance data by loading a configuration file of factory radiance calibration corresponding to integration time, the relation between the DN value and radiance is established by the following formula, and the DN value data is converted into radiance data. The DN value is calculated by the formula: DN is L1 XG Xtexp + DF, wherein DN is the original light intensity value recorded by the hyperspectral imager and has no dimension; l1 is the radiance value considering only one order of the beam split of the grating; g is the camera gain; texp is the integration time of the photosensitive element; DF is dark current noise.

Preferably, the plurality of characteristic bands and the central wavelengths thereof in the step (4) are respectively B1(561.5nm), B2(665.9nm), B3(705.4nm), B4(740.2nm), B5(782.0nm), B6(865.6nm), B7(909.7nm) and B8(949.1 nm); wherein the B2 and B6 characteristic bands are used to distinguish vegetation and the B1 to B8 characteristic bands are used to invert the leaf area index.

Preferably, the method for resampling the hyperspectral data in the step (4) is to perform convolution calculation on the hyperspectral data by using a band response function, and convert the hyperspectral data into multispectral data of 8 bands in total, and the calculation formula is as follows: ρ M is ρ H × DR/sum (DR), where ρ M represents the multispectral reflectance, ρ H represents the hyperspectral reflectance, DR is the band response function, and sum (DR) represents the sum of the response values as the band response function.

Preferably, the method for distinguishing vegetation from non-vegetation in step (5) is to calculate a normalized vegetation index (NDVI) of the pixel according to the spectral information of the pixel, and divide the land and object components in the pixel into vegetation and non-vegetation according to the obtained NDVI value. The NDVI is calculated by the formula: NDVI ═ B6-B2)/(B6+ B2), where B2 and B6 are the reflectivities of the characteristic band in step (4), respectively. Pixels with NDVI less than 0.3 are non-vegetation pixels and are subjected to mask treatment.

Preferably, the BP neural network model in the step (6) is a BP neural network model constructed based on a canopy reflex model PROSAIL, the input quantities of the BP neural network model are respectively B1-B8 and cos (θ s) 9 neurons, and the output is 1 neuron, namely the leaf area index.

Preferably, the BP neural network in step (6) adopts a hidden layer, and the hidden layer is 5 neurons.

Preferably, the BP neural network model constructed by the invention adopts 1000 actually measured sample data to train the neural network sample, adopts 300 samples to verify, and determines the leaf area index inversion model.

The invention provides a subtropical vegetation leaf area index remote sensing measurement method with high spatial resolution and high spectral resolution, which has the beneficial effects that:

1. when the hyperspectral data of the monitored object are obtained, geometric parameter data are synchronously obtained, all input parameters of the leaf area index of the PROSAIL radiation transmission model are obtained, and the accuracy of the inversion result is improved;

2. Compared with the traditional vegetation leaf area index field measurement method, the method has the advantages of large measurement coverage, strong accessibility of a measurement area and low measurement cost;

3. compared with a measurement method for inversion by using satellite remote sensing data, the method has the characteristics of all weather (no limitation of satellite transit time and adverse weather influence), strong flexibility (flexible arrangement of measurement time), high spectral resolution (the obtained data contains a plurality of spectra and is not limited by the number of wave bands of a remote sensing satellite imager) and the like.

the invention fully exerts the advantages of the inversion of the vegetation leaf area index by the unmanned aerial vehicle and the hyperspectral imager and further improves the inversion precision of the vegetation leaf area index.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for extracting a leaf area index of subtropical urban vegetation by hyperspectral data remote sensing according to an embodiment of the invention.

fig. 2 is a hyperspectral image map obtained.

FIG. 3 is a continuous spectral curve of a typical vegetation pixel.

FIG. 4 is a spectral curve of a typical vegetation pixel after resampling and band synthesis.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart of the BP neural network algorithm.

fig. 6 is a diagram of a neural network structure.

FIG. 7 is a diagram of the prediction result of the BP neural network.

Detailed Description

In order to facilitate understanding of the purpose and the operation flow of the invention, a specific inversion example is performed on hyperspectral data of a research area in Zhongshan city of Guangdong province in 2019, 6 months and 15 days. The vegetation types in the research area comprise grasslands, green seedlings, wild herbaceous plants and the like, and are subtropical urban vegetation types with good representativeness. The inversion operation comprises the following steps:

1. By means of an unmanned aerial vehicle platform (adopting M600 PRO six-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle in Dajiang + a special three-axis holder), a hyper-spectral imager (Nano-Hyperspec full-waveband hyper-spectral imager), a GPS module, a time module and a data operation module are synchronously carried, aviation flight is carried out in an object area, and continuous hyper-spectral images and time-space parameter data of vegetation in a research area are shot and synchronously obtained; the hyperspectral image data obtained is shown in fig. 2 (true color composite image). The continuous spectral curve of a typical vegetation pixel is shown in figure 3.

2. The data operation module solves and records the solar zenith angle corresponding to the hyperspectral data through the time-space parameter data acquired by the GPS module and the time module, so that the synchronous acquisition of the hyperspectral data and the geometric parameter data required by the inversion model is realized; the data of the solar zenith angles corresponding to part of the representative pixels are obtained and are shown in table 1.

TABLE 1

latitude (° N)	Longitude (° N)	Clock time	sSun zenith angle theta s (°)	cos(θs)
					22.234	113.437	14：00	27.64	0.885880
22.236	113.439	14：05	28.78	0.876475
					22.238	113.441	14：10	29.92	0.866723
22.24	113.443	14：15	31.07	0.856537
					22.242	113.445	14：20	32.21	0.846100
22.244	113.447	14：25	33.35	0.835328
					22.246	113.449	14：30	34.50	0.824126
22.248	113.451	14：35	35.64	0.812694
					22.25	113.453	14：40	36.78	0.800940
22.252	113.455	14：45	37.92	0.788870

3. And carrying out radiance correction and geometric correction on the acquired hyperspectral data to obtain vegetation canopy top reflectivity data with high spatial precision. The data radiance correction and the geometric correction are both carried out by adopting SpectraLView software of Headwall company in the United states, and the specific steps are as follows: firstly, a radiance scaling file of a hyperspectral imager is provided in SpectraLView software, and original data can be automatically converted into radiance data. Secondly, selecting pixel points of a reflectivity reference plate in the data as references, and calculating the reflectivity of all strip data of the same folder. Thirdly, loading reflectivity data into the SpectraLView software, and modifying altitude compensation according to DEM data of a research area to obtain a relative altitude which is about the altitude of the unmanned aerial vehicle on the ground during flying; the SpectralView software can be used for recording attitude information in real time through an IMU/GPS module according to data collected by an unmanned aerial vehicle, mainly comprises the translation speeds of three axes of Altitude (Altitude), latitude (Altitude), Longitude (Longitude) and XYZ, a Roll angle (Roll), a Pitch angle (Pitch) and a course angle (Yaw), and outputs data registered with the actual geographic position of a shot ground object through the processing of a geometric correction algorithm carried by the software.

4. And resampling the obtained hyperspectral data of the reflectivity of the top of the vegetation canopy to form a plurality of required characteristic waveband data. The operation is realized by using a Layer Stacking tool in ENVI 5.5 software. The method comprises the following specific steps: loading the hyperspectral data of the top reflectivity of the vegetation canopy by using ENVI 5.5 software. And secondly, opening a band synthesis window by using a Layer Stacking tool, and clicking the Import file to open a band input window. And thirdly, selecting 8 characteristic wave bands required by leaf area index inversion from the hyperspectral data original wave bands, and selecting the nerest Neighber by a resampling method to finally obtain the characteristic wave band data of the required research area. The spectrum curve of a typical vegetation pixel after resampling and waveband synthesis is shown in figure 4.

5. And distinguishing vegetation from non-vegetation by using the obtained characteristic waveband data and adopting a specific algorithm, and extracting partial vegetation areas so as to reduce subsequent data processing capacity. The operation is realized by using a Band Math tool in ENVI 5.5 software, and the specific steps are as follows: loading the vegetation canopy top reflectivity characteristic spectrum data obtained in the previous step by using ENVI 5.5 software. Secondly, Band calculation is carried out by using a Band Math tool, mathematical operation is carried out on pixel values corresponding to each pixel point, and an operational expression (Enter an expression) is input: (b1-b2)/(b1+ b 2). Thirdly, opening a Variables to Bands pairing dialog box, assigning value image Bands to each variable in the operational expression, in the operation, designating the variable B2 as a B2(665.9nm) Band in the characteristic Band data acquired in the previous step, designating the variable B1 as a B6(865.6nm) Band, and then performing Band Math tool calculation. And fourthly, inputting an operational expression (b1 lt 0.3) × (0) + (b1 ge 0) × b1 into the Band Math tool, assigning a variable b1 as a calculation result of the wave Band in the previous step, and extracting the pixel with the calculation result value larger than 0.3 as a vegetation pixel by setting a threshold value.

6. Constructing a BP neural network model based on a canopy reflection model PROSAIL, carrying out model training by adopting 1000 measured data, and carrying out verification by adopting 300 measured data to determine a leaf area index inversion model. The adopted actual measurement data is the vegetation leaf area index measured by adopting an LAI-2000 type canopy analyzer for sample plots of different vegetation types in different seasons, and the information of the actual measurement data is shown in a table 2.

TABLE 2

Sample type	Dominant plant	range of measured leaf area index
			Coniferous forest	Chinese fir and slash pine	2.37-6.43
Evergreen broad-leaved forest	Acacia plus Manglietia	1.49-7.78
			Evergreen broad-leaved forest	Schima superba and schefflera	1.82-7.32
Rain forest in valley	Mouse thorn and short-sequence Machilus	2.01-6.32
			Needle-broad mixed forest	fir and camphor tree	2.38-6.98
Evergreen broad-leaved forest	schima superba	2.16-8.01
			Needle-broad mixed forest	Schisandra chinensis and masson pine	1.12-5.98
evergreen broad-leaved forest	Rice capsule for curing rheumatism and facial paralysis	2.17-6.09
			Evergreen broad-leaved forest	Acacia plus schima superba	1.68-7.23
Coniferous forest	Masson pine	1.09-6.34
			evergreen broad-leaved forest	Shu capsule + missing	1.85-4.65
Evergreen broad-leaved forest	Schima chinensis and schizandra chinensis	2.34-7.97
			Evergreen broad-leaved forest	Missing plus masson pine	1.88-6.34
Shrub and shrub	All-grass of Japanese Artocarpus and Duckweed	1.23-1.72
			Shrub and shrub	Golden bamboo	0.98-3.36
Shrub and shrub	Yellow wolfberry and Lingnan mangosteen	1.23-3.28
			Shrub and shrub	Myrtle and mallow	0.45-0.76
Shrub and shrub	Baeckong (a kind of fruit and pine)	0.56-1.17
			grass mat	Partridge grass	0.34-0.30
Grass mat	Wild grass	0.23-0.59
			Grass mat	Ciliate desert-grass	0.12-0.15
Grass mat	Rhizome of dryopteris	0.23-0.52

The adopted BP neural network algorithm flow chart and the neural network structure chart are shown in figure 5 and figure 6.

the modeling operation of the BP neural network model is realized in MATLAB software. Firstly, sample data is normalized, a node transfer function tansig is used for transferring, a training function trainlm is used for training, and an output layer purelin is used for predicting. The prediction result of the BP neural network is shown in figure 7.

7. And (4) performing inversion to obtain a leaf area index result of the vegetation area based on the BP neural network model determined in the last step by using the extracted characteristic waveband data in the vegetation area and the obtained flight geometric parameter data.