阅读说明：本技术 一种钢轨焊接接头的激光强韧化处理方法 (Laser strengthening and toughening treatment method for steel rail welded joint ) 是由 曾晓雁 刘旭 胡乾午 孟丽 王邓志 于 2021-07-12 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种钢轨焊接接头的激光强韧化处理方法,属于铁路钢轨养护领域。该方法为：将低于母材平均硬度,且差值超过第一预设值的区域作为软化区,对其进行激光淬火处理或激光冲击强化处理,以提高其表面硬度和耐磨性；如存在高于母材平均硬度且差值超过第二预设值的区域,则将其作为硬化区,对其进行激光退火处理或激光回火处理,以降低其表面硬度和耐磨性,进而保证钢轨焊接接头与母材耐磨性相同或基本相同。本发明能够实现钢轨焊接接头各区与母材同步磨耗,延长钢轨服役寿命,排除了常规焊补工艺中涂层金属与母材因结合性不强而产生剥离掉块的风险,并且无需繁琐的打磨除锈前道工序,具有更强的适应性,能够有效提高加工效率。(The invention provides a laser strengthening and toughening treatment method for a steel rail welded joint, and belongs to the field of railway steel rail maintenance. The method comprises the following steps: taking a region which is lower than the average hardness of the base material and has a difference value exceeding a first preset value as a softening region, and carrying out laser quenching treatment or laser shock strengthening treatment on the softening region to improve the surface hardness and the wear resistance of the softening region; if the area which is higher than the average hardness of the base material and has the difference value exceeding a second preset value exists, the area is used as a hardening area, and laser annealing treatment or laser tempering treatment is carried out on the area to reduce the surface hardness and the wear resistance of the area, so that the wear resistance of the steel rail welding joint and the wear resistance of the base material are the same or basically the same. The invention can realize synchronous abrasion between each area of the steel rail welding joint and the base metal, prolongs the service life of the steel rail, eliminates the risk of stripping and falling blocks caused by weak bonding of the coating metal and the base metal in the conventional repair welding process, does not need a fussy grinding and rust removing front process, has stronger adaptability and can effectively improve the processing efficiency.)

1. A laser strengthening and toughening treatment method for a steel rail welded joint is characterized by comprising the following steps: taking a region which is lower than the average hardness of the base material and has an absolute value of the difference value exceeding a first preset value as a softening region, and carrying out laser quenching treatment or laser shock strengthening treatment on the softening region to improve the surface hardness and the wear resistance of the softening region; if the area which is higher than the average hardness of the base material and has the absolute value of the difference value exceeding a second preset value exists, the area is used as a hardening area, and laser annealing treatment or laser tempering treatment is carried out on the area to reduce the surface hardness and the wear resistance of the area, so that the same or basically the same wear resistance of the welded joint of the steel rail and the base material is ensured.

2. A method of laser peening a welded rail joint as claimed in claim 1, wherein the softened region is laser treated in a selective manner by lattice strengthening.

3. A method of laser-peening a welded joint on a steel rail according to claim 1, wherein the laser hardening treatment is performed by selecting a transverse interval of the hardening spots, a diameter of the hardening spots, a longitudinal interval of the hardening spots, and a hardening time per spot so that the wear resistance of the softened region is the same as or substantially the same as that of the base material, based on the power of the laser.

4. A method of laser peening a welded rail joint according to claim 1, wherein the first predetermined value is 0 to 3HRC, the second predetermined value is 0 to 3HRC, and the first predetermined value and the second predetermined value are equal or different.

5. A method of laser strengthening and toughening a welded rail joint according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the corners and center of the hardened zone is monitored simultaneously with the laser tempering treatment.

6. A method of laser peening a welded rail joint according to claim 5 wherein the surface temperature is controlled to 500 ℃ to 650 ℃.

7. A method of laser peening a welded joint on a steel rail according to claim 1, wherein when the longitudinal scan length of the hardened zone is shorter than the transverse scan length, annealing or tempering is performed by repeating the longitudinal scan; and when the longitudinal scanning length of the hardening area is greater than the transverse scanning length, annealing or tempering treatment is carried out in a transverse repeated scanning mode.

8. A method for laser strengthening and toughening a steel rail welded joint according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the first preset value and the second preset value are both equal to 0, so as to ensure that the strengthened and toughened steel rail welded joint has the same wear resistance as the base metal; or the first preset value is 2-3 HRC, and the second preset value is 2-3 HRC.

9. A method of laser strengthening a welded rail joint according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the softened and hardened regions are treated with a single beam or multiple beams.

10. A laser strengthening and toughening treatment method for a steel rail welded joint according to claim 3, wherein during laser quenching treatment, the transverse spacing of the quenching spots is 0 to 10mm, the diameter of the quenching spots is 3 to 10mm, the longitudinal spacing of the quenching spots is 0 to 10mm, the quenching time of each spot is 0.1s to 1s, and the laser power is 1800w to 20000 w.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of railway steel rail maintenance, and particularly relates to a laser strengthening and toughening treatment method for a steel rail welded joint.

Background

The application of the seamless steel rail not only obviously slows down the impact of the wheel rail, prolongs the service life of the wheel rail, but also improves the stability, comfort and reliability of the rail. The main technologies for realizing seamless connection of the steel rails comprise steel rail welding technologies such as flash welding, gas pressure welding and thermite welding, and the technologies also bring problems while realizing high-efficiency connection of the steel rails. Taking flash welding as an example, the microstructure of the weld zone and the heat affected zone of the welded joint is obviously different from that of the parent metal due to a large amount of heat input during welding, so that the hardness and the wear resistance of the corresponding areas are also obviously different from those of the parent metal. The hardness and the wear resistance of a heat affected zone of the welded joint are the lowest, and the hardness and the wear resistance of a welding seam zone are the highest. As the service time continues, the tread of the welding joint generates collapse damage in a heat affected zone due to inconsistent wear resistance, namely, a so-called low joint is formed. If the 'low joints' are not treated in time, severe wheel-rail impact can be generated, the damage of the steel rail is aggravated, and even the rail is broken in serious cases, so that serious potential safety hazards are brought to railway transportation.

Currently, there are two methods for treating low splice disease in the industry: one is manual electric arc welding repair welding, the method is time-consuming and labor-consuming, and the repaired joint has the risk of block falling after long-time service, so that new hidden danger is brought; the other method is to adopt a large-scale grinding wagon to carry out overall maintenance grinding, and the method also accelerates the consumption of the parent metal while eliminating the joint collapse, so that the overall service life of the railway line is obviously reduced, and huge economic loss is generated. Therefore, if the rail welding joint can be subjected to strengthening and toughening treatment by adopting a technical means, the hardness and the wear resistance of the rail welding joint are equivalent to those of a rail substrate, the low joint phenomenon generated in the rail welding joint area can be eliminated or even radically treated, various rail breakage accidents are avoided by preventing the rail breakage accidents from happening in the future, the grinding times can be greatly reduced, the maintenance cost of a railway business department is greatly reduced, the safety of a railway transportation line is ensured, and huge economic and social benefits are generated.

Meanwhile, in the prior art, only the problem that the hardness of a heat affected zone is reduced and a 'low joint' is easy to form is considered, and the problem that the hardness of a welding seam zone is increased and a 'high joint' is easy to generate is ignored. For a seamless steel rail, no matter the seamless steel rail is a 'low joint' or a 'high joint', as long as the problem of uneven surface of the rail exists, the safe operation of the railway is seriously influenced, and if the corresponding treatment is not carried out on a welding seam area, the serious potential safety hazard is also brought to railway transportation.

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a laser strengthening and toughening treatment method of a steel rail welding joint, and aims to solve the problems that the existing steel rail welding joint has higher treatment cost and influences the service life of a steel rail.

In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a laser strengthening and toughening treatment method of a steel rail welded joint, which comprises the following steps: the method specifically comprises the following steps: taking a region which is lower than the average hardness of the base material and has an absolute value of the difference value exceeding a first preset value as a softening region, and carrying out laser quenching treatment or laser shock strengthening treatment on the softening region to improve the surface hardness and the wear resistance of the softening region; if the area which is higher than the average hardness of the base material and has the absolute value of the difference value exceeding a second preset value exists, the area is used as a hardening area, and laser annealing treatment or laser tempering treatment is carried out on the area to reduce the surface hardness and the wear resistance of the area, so that the same or basically the same wear resistance of the welded joint of the steel rail and the base material is ensured.

Preferably, the softened region is subjected to selective laser treatment by means of lattice strengthening.

Preferably, when the laser quenching treatment is carried out, the transverse spacing of the quenching spots, the diameter of the quenching spots, the longitudinal spacing of the quenching spots and the quenching time of each spot are selected according to the power of a laser, so that the wear resistance of the softening area and the wear resistance of the base material are the same or basically the same; preferably, in the laser quenching treatment, the transverse spacing of the quenching spots is 0-10 mm, the diameter of the quenching spots is 3-10 mm, the longitudinal spacing of the quenching spots is 0-10 mm, the quenching time of each spot is 0.1-1 s, and the laser power is 1800-20000 w.

Preferably, the first preset value is 0-3 HRC, the second preset value is 0-3 HRC, and the first preset value and the second preset value are equal or different; preferably, the first preset value is 2-3 HRC, and the second preset value is 2-3 HRC; or the first preset value and the second preset value are both equal to 0, so that the abrasion resistance of the welded joint of the steel rail after strengthening and toughening treatment is the same as that of the base metal.

More preferably, the surface temperature of the hardened zone is controlled to 500 to 650 ℃ in the case of performing the laser tempering treatment.

It is further preferred that the laser tempering is performed while monitoring the temperature of the corners and the center of the hardened zone.

Further preferably, when the longitudinal scanning length of the hardening area is smaller than the transverse scanning length, annealing or tempering treatment is carried out in a longitudinal repeated scanning mode; and when the longitudinal scanning length of the hardening area is greater than the transverse scanning length, annealing or tempering treatment is carried out in a transverse repeated scanning mode.

It is further preferred that the softened and hardened zones are treated with a single or multiple beams.

Generally, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution conceived by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. the invention proposes that the softening zone and the hardening zone of the steel rail welding joint are treated by different processes, so as to ensure that the steel rail welding joint and the base metal have the same or basically the same wear resistance, so as to achieve the purposes of synchronous or basically synchronous abrasion of each joint zone and the base metal and prolonging the service life of the steel rail, compared with the steel rail repairing technologies such as arc welding, laser cladding and the like, the method does not need to add external materials, and eliminates the risk of stripping and block falling caused by weak bonding of coating metal and the base metal; the method can directly process the steel rail joint on line or off line without complicated grinding and rust removing front procedures, has stronger adaptability compared with a welding repair process with higher requirement on the surface finish to be repaired, and can effectively improve the processing efficiency;

2. meanwhile, the laser treatment is carried out on the softening region in a selective region by adopting a lattice strengthening mode, so that the isomerous surface composite material with a martensite hardening region embedded in a pearlite matrix can be formed, and the problem of fatigue fracture of the steel rail caused by formation of a martensite structure is effectively avoided; in addition, considering that the specific parameters in the laser quenching process directly influence the wear resistance of the steel rail joint, the service time of the steel rail can be effectively improved by optimizing the parameters such as the quenching spot distance, the quenching spot diameter, the quenching power and the quenching time;

3. the softening area and the hardening area can be selected according to working condition requirements, the steel rail welding joint and the base metal have equal wear resistance, and the difference value of the wear resistance of the steel rail welding joint and the base metal can be within an acceptable range (usually 0-3 HRC), so that the machining area is reduced, the machining efficiency is improved, and the machining cost is reduced;

4. in addition, the surface temperature of the hardening area is optimized, the hardness of the welding seam area can be reduced to the hardness of the steel rail base material, and the problem of high joint is avoided, so that the welding seam joint and the steel rail base material have equal wear resistance.

The laser strengthening and toughening treatment method provided by the invention is particularly suitable for rail maintenance.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of laser peening of a welded rail joint according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the division of the hardened and softened regions of a welded rail joint according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic drawing of a tempering path for a hardened zone provided by a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a longitudinal section hardness curve of a flash welded U75V rail joint in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of the laser strengthening and toughening of a U75V rail flash welded joint in a preferred embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 6 is a longitudinal section hardness curve of a U75V rail thermite weld joint according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of the laser strengthening and toughening of a U75V rail thermite welded joint in a preferred embodiment of the invention.

The same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like elements or structures, wherein:

1-a steel rail; 1.1-parent metal; 1.2-softening zone; 1.3-hardening zone; 1-4-welding ribs; 2-quenching spots; 3, laser; 4-galvanometer.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

As shown in figure 1, the invention provides a laser strengthening and toughening treatment method of a steel rail welded joint, which comprises the following steps: taking the cross section where the central line of the welding rib 1.4 is located as a longitudinal symmetrical plane, taking a region which is lower than the average hardness of the base material 1.1 (steel rail base material) and has an absolute value of difference exceeding a first preset value as a softening region 1.2 (generally a heat affected zone, namely a region L2 and L2' in figure 2), and carrying out laser quenching treatment or laser shock strengthening treatment on the softening region to improve the surface hardness and the wear resistance of the softening region; and taking a region which is higher than the average hardness of the base material and has an absolute value of the difference value exceeding a second preset value as a hardening region 1.3 (generally a welding seam region, namely a region L1 in fig. 2), carrying out laser annealing treatment or laser tempering treatment on the region to reduce the surface hardness and the wear resistance of the region, wherein the width of the transverse quenching and hardening region is the width of a rail head of the type of the joint belonging to the steel rail, so that the welded joint of the steel rail, including the softening region and the hardening region, has the same or basically same wear resistance as the base material, and the occurrence of a low joint and a high joint is avoided.

The method comprises the following specific operation steps:

s1 measuring the width of the welding rib and determining the position of the central line of the welding rib;

s2, defining the area range of a softening area 1.2 and a hardening area 1.3 according to the welding process type, the welding type of the steel rail joint and the position of a central line of a welding rib 1.4;

s3, compiling a processing technology according to the area ranges of the softening area 1.2 and the hardening area 1.3, and determining parameters such as laser quenching spot size, quenching interval, quenching time and quenching power; determining parameters such as the light spot type, the processing temperature, the processing time, the processing path and the like of laser annealing or laser tempering;

s4, adopting a laser selective quenching process based on a galvanometer 4 to process the softening areas on two sides of the central line of the steel rail welding rib, and adopting a circular light spot or square light spot scanning process to process the hardening area of the steel rail.

Further, in the running process of the train, the surface of the steel rail is subjected to very complex alternating stress, if the process mode of laser comprehensive quenching is adopted, a weld softening zone generates a martensite structure and therefore comprehensive strengthening is realized, and then the martensite structure is easy to generate fatigue cracks due to contact fatigue and continuously expands to cause the steel rail to break. Therefore, the steel rail is preferably subjected to selective laser treatment by adopting a lattice strengthening mode to form the isomerous surface composite material with a martensite hardening area embedded in a pearlite matrix, so that the damage of fatigue fracture of the steel rail caused by formation of a martensite structure can be effectively avoided. The softened area of the welding joint tread is processed by adopting the technology, and in consideration of the correlation between the distribution density of the quenching strengthening area in the laser selection area and the hardness of the softened area, the quenching spots are distributed relatively densely in the area with relatively low hardness, and the quenching spots are distributed relatively sparsely in the area with relatively high hardness, so that the softened area and the steel rail base material can be ensured to have the same or basically the same wear resistance.

Further, the first preset value and the second preset value are preferably 0-3 HRC, and the first preset value and the second preset value are equal or unequal. In engineering application, the wear resistance of the strengthened steel rail welding joint can meet the safety requirement, the expected service life is achieved, the machining efficiency is improved, the machining cost is reduced, and the wear resistance of the strengthened steel rail welding joint is not required to be equal to or close to that of a steel rail base material. In specific implementation, only the region significantly lower than the average hardness of the base material (i.e., the absolute value of the difference exceeds the predetermined value) may be subjected to strengthening treatment, and only the region significantly higher than the average hardness of the base material (i.e., the absolute value of the difference exceeds the predetermined value) may be subjected to laser annealing treatment or laser tempering treatment, so the first predetermined value and the second predetermined value are preferably 2 to 3 HRC. In addition, in order to ensure that the wear resistance of the welded joint of the rail after the strengthening and toughening treatment is the same as that of the base metal, the first preset value and the second preset value can be both equal to 0.

The specific parameters in the laser quenching process are generally selected according to the power of a laser, such as the transverse spacing of the quenching spots, the diameter of the quenching spots, the longitudinal spacing of the quenching spots and the quenching time of each light spot, wherein the longitudinal spacing of the quenching spots and the diameter of the quenching spots are mainly used for adjusting and realizing the equal wear resistance of the steel rail, so that the wear resistance of a quenched softening area is the same as or basically the same as that of the parent metal.

The following preferred parameter ranges can be obtained by experimentation: the longitudinal distance between the quenching spots (namely the distance between the edges of two adjacent quenching spots in the longitudinal direction) is controlled to be 0-10 mm, the diameter of each quenching spot is controlled to be 3-10 mm, and the problems that the quenching efficiency is too low and the energy distribution of light spots is uneven can be avoided. The quenching time of a single light spot and the laser power are used for adjusting the depth of a quenching layer, and the service time of the steel rail is favorably prolonged, so that the quenching time of the single light spot is 0.1-1 s, the laser power is 1800-20000 w, the purpose of quenching and strengthening is achieved, and the surface of the steel rail is prevented from melting. Meanwhile, the overlarge transverse distance of the quenching spots is not beneficial to realizing the equal wear resistance of the whole rail head tread, so that the transverse distance of the quenching spots (namely the distance between the edges of two adjacent quenching spots in the transverse direction) is controlled to be 0-10 mm.

Further, the over-high tempering temperature can cause the quenching of the welding seam area, not only does not reduce the hardness of the welding seam area, but also improves the hardness, and further causes the phenomenon of high joint. Therefore, when the laser is used for tempering the hardening area 1.3 of the steel rail welding joint, the real-time temperature of the hardening area is monitored by the thermodetector and fed back to the laser, the laser adopts a constant temperature mode to dynamically adjust the power, and the tempering temperature of the surface of the hardening area is controlled to be 500-650 ℃. Meanwhile, because the corners and the centers of the hardening areas are fast and slow in heat dissipation, in order to prevent the central area of the hardening areas from being quenched due to overhigh temperature, the corners and the centers of the hardening areas need to be monitored simultaneously. As shown in fig. 3 (a), when the longitudinal scanning length of the hardening zone is smaller than the transverse scanning length, annealing or tempering treatment is performed by adopting a longitudinal repeated scanning mode; as shown in fig. 3 (b), when the longitudinal scan length of the hardened zone is longer than the transverse scan length, annealing or tempering treatment is performed in a transverse repeated scan manner, so as to accelerate heat accumulation and shorten tempering time.

Furthermore, when the laser processing is carried out on the softening area 1.2 and the hardening area 1.3 of the steel rail welding joint, the processing can be carried out by adopting a single beam in a divided mode, and the processing can also be carried out by adopting a plurality of beams simultaneously. The laser processing method comprises the steps of processing a softening area and a hardening area in different periods of time by adopting single-beam processing, strengthening the softening area by a vibration mirror in a selective laser quenching mode, and toughening the hardening area in a continuous scanning mode. When the multi-beam processing is adopted, the softening region and the hardening region can be processed by utilizing the multi-vibration mirror and the multi-laser beams at different time periods, and the tempering treatment can be carried out on the hardening region in a scanning mode by adopting circular light spots or square light spots while the softening region is processed.

The laser strengthening and toughening treatment method of the steel rail welding joint provided by the invention has no limitation on the type of the steel rail in application, and can be applied to various types of steel rail welding joints such as 50kg/m, 60kg/m, 75kg/m and the like; meanwhile, the processing method has no limitation on the grade of steel used by the steel rail, and joints welded by the same materials or different materials such as U71Mn, U75V, U78CrV and the like can be strengthened.

The technical solution provided by the present invention is further explained below according to specific embodiments.

Example 1

FIG. 4 is a longitudinal hardness curve of a U75V steel rail flash welded joint, the average hardness of a base material 1.1 is about 320HV, the cross section where the center line of a welding rib 1.4 is located is taken as a symmetry center and a longitudinal coordinate zero point, and the ranges of a softening area and a hardening area are marked: the range of L1 hardening zone +/-15 mm, the range of L2 softening zone-75 mm to-15 mm, the range of L2 'softening zone +15mm to +75mm are influenced by the welding process of the steel rail joint, and the range of L1, L2 and L2' allows 5mm deviation.

As shown in fig. 5, according to the length division of the hardened zone and the softened zone of the U75V rail flash welding joint, the length of the hardened zone L1 is 30mm, the lengths of both L2 and L2' are 60mm, the measured rail is 60kg/m type, the width of the rail head is 70.8mm by consulting the technical condition of ordering rail of 43 kg/m-75 kg/m in the industry standard, the diameter of the light spot is determined to be 5.5mm according to the transverse and longitudinal dimensions of the softened zone, the number of light spots in each row of the softened zone is 6, the lower the longitudinal hardness of the welding joint is, the smaller the distance between the quenching spots is, the distances between the quenching spots arranged along the longitudinal direction away from the welding bar are 0mm, 2mm, 7mm, 8mm and 10mm, the uniform distances are adopted in the transverse direction, the distance between the light spots in each row is 3.7mm, the quenching time of a single light spot is 0.35s, and the laser power 4300w is calculated. The temperature of the hardening area is controlled at 500 ℃, and the round light spot is adopted to temper in a longitudinal reciprocating scanning mode through a vibrating mirror.

Example 2

FIG. 6 is a longitudinal hardness curve of a U75V rail thermite welded joint, the mean value of the hardness of the base material 1.1 is 320HV, and the cross section of the central line of the welding bead 1.4 is taken as the symmetrical center and the zero point of the longitudinal coordinate, so as to mark the range of the softening zone and the hardening zone: the range of L1 hardening zone + -50mm, the range of L2 softening zone-80 mm to-50 mm, the range of L2 'softening zone +50mm to +80mm, is influenced by the welding process of the steel rail joint, and the range of L1, L2 and L2' allows 5mm deviation.

As shown in FIG. 7, according to the length division of the hardened zone and the softened zone of the thermite welded joint of the U75V steel rail, the length of the hardened zone L1 is about 100mm, the lengths of the L2 and the L2' are both 30mm, the measured steel rail is 60kg/m type, the width of the rail head is 70.8mm according to the technical condition of ordering the steel rail from 43kg/m to 75kg/m in the industry standard, the diameter of the light spot is determined to be 6mm according to the transverse and longitudinal dimensions of the softened zone, the number of the light spots in each row of the softened zone is 3, the longitudinal hardness of the welded joint is lower, the distance between the quenching spots is smaller, the distances between the quenching spots arranged in the direction longitudinally far away from the welded rib are 3mm and 9mm sequentially, uniform distances are adopted in the transverse direction, the distance between the light spots in each row is calculated to be 0mm, the quenching time of a single light spot is 1s, and the laser power w is calculated. The temperature of the hardening area is controlled at 650 ℃, and the round light spot is adopted to temper in a transverse reciprocating scanning mode through a vibrating mirror.

Example 3

For a U71Mn rail thermite welded joint, the cross section of the central line of the welding rib 1.4 is taken as a symmetrical center and a longitudinal coordinate zero point, so as to mark the range of a softening zone and a hardening zone: the range of L1 hardening zone +/-48 mm, the range of L2 softening zone-80 mm to-48 mm, the range of L2 'softening zone +48mm to +80mm are influenced by the welding process of the steel rail joint, and the range of L1, L2 and L2' allows 5mm deviation.

According to the length division of the U71Mn steel rail thermite welded joint hardening area and the softening area, the length of the hardening area L1 is about 96mm, the lengths of the L2 and the L2' are both 32mm, the measured steel rail is 60kg/m type, the width of the rail head is 70.8mm according to the technical condition of 43 kg/m-75 kg/m steel rail ordering of the industry standard, the diameter of the light spot is determined to be 3mm according to the transverse and longitudinal sizes of the softening area, the number of the light spots in each row of the softening area is 6, the longitudinal hardness of the welded joint is lower, the distance of the quenching spots is smaller, the distances of the quenching spots arranged along the longitudinal direction far away from the welding rib are sequentially 1mm, 2mm, 3mm, 4mm and 4mm, the uniform distance is adopted transversely, the distance of the light spots in each row is 10mm, the quenching time of a single light spot is 0.1s, and the laser power is 4500 w. The temperature of the hardening area is controlled at 650 ℃, and the round light spot is adopted to temper in a transverse reciprocating scanning mode through a vibrating mirror.

Example 4

For the U71Mn steel rail flash welding joint, the cross section of the central line of the welding rib 1.4 is taken as a symmetrical center and a longitudinal coordinate zero point, so as to mark the range of a softening area and a hardening area: the range of L1 hardening zone +/-18 mm, the range of L2 softening zone-72 mm to-18 mm, the range of L2 'softening zone +18mm to +72mm are influenced by the welding process of the steel rail joint, and the range of L1, L2 and L2' allows 5mm deviation.

According to the length division of the U71Mn steel rail flash welding joint hardening area and the softening area, the length of the hardening area L1 is about 36mm, the lengths of the L2 and the L2' are both 54mm, the measured steel rail is 60kg/m type, the width of the rail head is 70.8mm by consulting the technical condition of 43 kg/m-75 kg/m steel rail ordering in the industry standard, the diameter of the light spot is determined to be 10mm according to the transverse and longitudinal sizes of the softening area, the number of the light spots in each row of the softening area is 4, the lower the longitudinal hardness of the welding joint is, the smaller the quenching spot distance is, the distances of the quenching spots arranged in the direction which is longitudinally far away from the welding rib are 3mm, 5mm and 6mm in sequence, the uniform distance is adopted in the transverse direction, the distance of the light spot in each row is 10mm, the quenching time of a single light spot is 0.25s, and the laser power is 20000 w. The temperature of the hardening area is controlled at 550 ℃, and the round light spot is adopted to temper in a transverse reciprocating scanning mode through a vibrating mirror.

Example 5

For the longitudinal section of the rail head of the steel rail welding joint, a hardness curve in a range of +/-110 mm of the center of a welding line is taken, the average value of the hardness of a base material is 320HV, the first preset value and the second preset value are both assumed to be 3HRC, after the hardness is converted into Vickers hardness, the linear hardness value of the first preset value is 290HV, the linear hardness value of the second preset value is 350HV, the difference value between the hardness value of a softening area and the average value of the hardness of the base material does not exceed the first preset value, and similarly, the difference value between the hardness value of a hardening area and the average value of the hardness of the base material does not exceed the second preset value, namely, the hardness difference values of the softening area and the hardening area are within the allowable range of the preset values, so that the softening area and the hardening area do not need to be subjected to laser treatment and are regarded as equal wear resistance.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included within the scope of the present invention.