阅读说明：本技术 一种枇杷产地采后预冷包装技术 (Precooling packaging technology for harvested loquat production areas ) 是由 黄晓德 王壮伟 赵伯涛 陈斌 钱骅 于 2020-07-06 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种枇杷产地采后预冷包装技术,是基于枇杷现代电商物流开发的产地预冷包装技术,包括采后喷雾补水、分级装箱、覆盖隔温、真空预冷、密封包装等环节。该技术实现了枇杷采后田间热的快速消除和物流途中低温的保持,具有预冷速度快,保鲜效果好的优点,适合于枇杷电商流通的冷链前端应用。(A pre-cooling packaging technology for harvested loquat in a producing area is a producing area pre-cooling packaging technology developed based on modern electronic commerce logistics of loquat, and comprises the steps of spraying and replenishing water after harvesting, grading and boxing, covering and insulating, vacuum pre-cooling, sealing and packaging and the like. The technology realizes the rapid elimination of field heat after loquat picking and the low-temperature maintenance in the logistics way, has the advantages of high precooling speed and good fresh-keeping effect, and is suitable for the application of the cold chain front end of loquat E-commerce circulation.)

1. A pre-cooling packaging technology for harvested loquat production places is characterized by comprising the following steps: after the loquat is harvested, classification is carried out within 1-2 hours, water with the weight of 6% -12% is uniformly sprayed on the surface of the classified fruit, 100 g-300 g of water is uniformly sprayed on the inner wall of a foam box and the surface of a fruit support, the humidified loquat fruit is placed in a foam packing box, a heat insulation interlayer covers the upper layer of the fruit and then is placed in a vacuum precooler with the humidifying function, the vacuum precooling is carried out to 3 ℃ -5 ℃, and after water replenishing and pressure boosting, the loquat fruit is hermetically packed.

2. The method for packaging loquat in the pre-cooling mode after harvest as claimed in claim 2, wherein the spray humidifying technology is adopted, and the spray humidifying equipment is any one of a manual spray can, an electric spray can, a manual sprayer and an electric sprayer, and the amount of added water for spraying is 6% -12% of the weight of the loquat.

3. The method for pre-cooling and packaging loquat after harvest as claimed in claim 3, wherein the packaging container is used for humidification, and the packaging technology is characterized in that a foam box and a fruit tray for containing loquat fruits are used, and before the loquat fruits are placed, 100 g-300 g of clean water is uniformly sprayed on the surface of the loquat fruits to increase the surface humidity.

4. The method for pre-cooling and packaging the harvested loquat in the production area is characterized in that a vacuum pre-cooling technology is adopted in the processing process, the adopted vacuum pre-cooling equipment is a fixed type, semi-fixed type or movable type vacuum pre-cooler, the final temperature of the vacuum pre-cooling is 3-5 ℃, the pressure is increased in an auxiliary manner by adopting a pre-cooling bin atomization water supplementing mode after the pre-cooling is finished, and the water supplementing amount is 30-50 g.

5. The loquat post-harvest precooling and packaging technology as claimed in claim 4 and claim 1, characterized in that in the processing process, a heat insulating interlayer heat insulating technology is adopted, the heat insulating interlayer material is any one or more of absorbent packaging paper, non-woven fabric and gauze, the heat insulating interlayer material is subjected to spray humidification before vacuum precooling, the humidification solution is 30 mg/L-80 mg/L chlorine dioxide solution, the spray humidification amount is 100 g-150 g per piece of heat insulating interlayer material, and the number of layers covered by the heat insulating interlayer is 1-3.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of postharvest preservation of agricultural products, and particularly relates to postharvest production area precooling of loquat fruits.

Background

The loquat is a special fruit in southern areas of China, mostly takes fresh food as a main part, and is deeply loved by consumers due to the delicious flavor. In recent years, the development of an agricultural product electronic commerce mode develops a new channel for loquat circulation, but higher requirements are provided for the quality of agricultural products, particularly special fruits, consumers not only demand 'eating' and demand 'eating well', but as the mature harvesting period of the loquats is a high-temperature season, heat accumulation in the field after fruit harvesting is realized, physiological metabolism after harvesting is vigorous, and if proper treatment is not performed, soft rot and quality deterioration of the fruits are easily caused by high temperature in the package in the express logistics process. Therefore, how to ensure the quality of the loquat in the circulation process after being picked becomes a problem to be solved urgently in the current loquat electric merchant sales.

In recent years, researches on the loquat preservation technology are concentrated on the aspects of modified atmosphere storage, preservative treatment and low-temperature storage. At present, most of the retrieved granted patents related to the preservation of loquat are focused on the aspects of modified atmosphere storage, preservative treatment and low-temperature storage, such as: the invention relates to a loquat film coating preservation technology applied to Feng Zhijia in 2014 (application number 201410586313. X), a loquat fruit nano-packaging composite plant essential oil treatment preservation technology applied to Zheng Yonghua and the like (application number 201410289256.9), and a preparation technology of a loquat preservative film master batch containing rare earth complexes applied to Ruiyun and the like (application number 201610177258.8). The problems of loquat postharvest storage are solved to a certain extent by the technologies, but because the treatment adopts or combines a refrigeration house cooling mode, the cooling time usually needs 3-4 hours, and the current demand of loquat commodity flow 'picking and transporting immediately' cannot be met.

Aiming at the field heat existing in the initial 1 km of loquat cold-chain logistics and the temperature maintenance requirement in the logistics, the invention combines the characteristics of loquat E-commerce mode logistics, solves the problems of rapidness, energy conservation, moisture loss and the like of precooling in a production place through vacuum precooling after loquat picking, and establishes a precooling technology at the front end of loquat logistics; meanwhile, the quality of the loquats in the logistics process is maintained through low-temperature maintenance, so that a loquat fresh-keeping technology suitable for the logistics requirements of the electronic commerce is established. The system of the loquat electricity merchant cold chain logistics is perfected, the technical level of the freshness preservation of the picked fruits is improved, and meanwhile, the safety quality of loquat products is improved by greatly promoting the healthy development of the loquat Internet of things and the Internet economy.

The invention aims to establish a technology of precooling a post-harvest producing area of loquat for eliminating field heat after the loquat is picked and maintaining the quality of the loquat in the logistics process aiming at the demand of the loquat electronic commerce logistics.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention relates to a pre-cooling packaging technology for harvested loquat production areas, which mainly comprises the following steps:

1. after the picked loquat is graded, grading treatment is carried out in the field or the harvesting treatment place within 2-3 hours according to the sales demand.

2. Uniformly spraying water with the weight of 5-10% on the loquat fruits subjected to water supplementing, humidifying and grading, placing the loquat fruits into a foam packing box, uniformly spraying 50-100 g of water on the inner wall of the foam box and the surface of a fruit support before placing, covering the uppermost layer of the loquat fruits with heat insulation paper and cotton, placing the foam box in a vacuum precooler with active humidification, precooling the loquat fruits to 4 ℃ in vacuum, and boosting the pressure by supplementing water. And (7) sealing and packaging.

3. A pre-cooling package technique for loquat after harvest is characterized in that a thermal insulation layer heat insulation technique is adopted in the treatment process, and the interlayer material is any one or more of absorbent packaging paper, non-woven fabric and gauze. The interlayer material is sprayed and humidified before being pre-cooled in vacuum, the solution used for humidification is 0.02 percent chlorine dioxide solution, and the spraying humidification amount is 150 g of 100-fold thermal insulation layer material.

4. A vacuum precooling technique for packing the picked loquat seeds in the field features that a vacuum precooling technique is used and the vacuum precooling equipment is fixed, semi-fixed or movable one. The final temperature of vacuum precooling is 3-5 ℃. After the pre-cooling is finished, the pressure is released by adopting a secondary pre-cooling bin atomization water supplementing mode, and the water supplementing quantity is 10-20 g.

5. After the sealed package vacuum pre-cooling is finished, the foam box cover is immediately taken out from the pre-cooling bin and sealed by adhesive tape paper, and the packaged loquat can be sent out through logistics or express delivery as soon as possible.

The specific implementation mode is as follows:

the invention is further illustrated by reference to examples of embodiments.

Embodiment 1

8-9 ripe green loquat fruits, 28 days in 2019, collected from loquat bases of the Limited company of the national modern agricultural district of Suzhou gold within 1 hour, conveying the collected fruits to a post-collection packaging warehouse of the company, selecting 20 kg of fruits with uniform maturity according to the sizes, spraying and humidifying the surfaces of the fruits by using a handheld spraying pot, wherein the humidifying water amount is 1.5 kg, taking 54 loquat packaging boxes for express logistics, spraying 150 g of clear water onto the surfaces of the foam boxes and fruit fixing partition plates, placing the humidified loquat fruits for packaging, covering packing paper for adsorbing 150 g of 0.02% chlorine dioxide solution of 100 g on the fruits, placing the fruits in a vacuum precooler for precooling to 4 ℃, stopping vacuumizing, starting atomization and water supplement to atomize, supplement, pressure relief, starting the vacuum precooler after 15 g of water supplement, carrying out vacuum pressure relief on the precooler for pressure relief, and after pressure relief is finished, and opening the pre-cooling bin immediately, taking out the foam box cover, sealing the foam box cover by using an adhesive tape, and sending out the packaged loquat immediately through express delivery.

TABLE 1 Effect of Pre-Cooling treatment on post-harvest temperature of loquat

TABLE 2 Effect of Pre-Cooling treatment on loquat Logistics packaging temperature

Example 2

8-9 ripe green loquat fruits, 28 days in 2019, collected from loquat base of the limited company of the national modern agricultural district of Suzhou gold, the collected fruits are transported to a post-collection packaging warehouse within 1 hour, 20 kg of fruits with uniform size and consistent maturity are selected, the surfaces of the fruits are sprayed and humidified by a handheld spraying pot, the humidifying water amount is 1.8 kg, 72 loquat packaging boxes for express logistics are taken, 250 g of clear water is sprayed to the surfaces of the foam boxes and the fruit fixing partition plates, the humidified loquat is placed in the packaging box, the fruits are covered with non-woven fabrics for adsorbing 150 g of 0.02% chlorine dioxide solution, the non-woven fabrics are placed in a vacuum precooler to be precooled to 4 ℃, vacuumizing is stopped, atomized water supplement is started to atomize and supplement water into the precooler, a pressure relief valve of the vacuum precooler is started after 15 g of water supplement is carried out, the vacuum ventilation and pressure relief are carried out in the precooler, the pressure relief is finished, and opening the pre-cooling bin immediately, taking out the foam box cover, sealing the foam box cover by using an adhesive tape, and sending out the foam box in an express way.

TABLE 3 Effect of Pre-cooled packaging on the rotting Rate of loquat fruits