阅读说明：本技术 一种钕铁硼磁铁制造方法 (Method for manufacturing neodymium iron boron magnet ) 是由 苑红新 于 2020-12-22 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种钕铁硼磁铁制造方法,本发明提供可以抑制烧结时具有单磁畴粒径的磁铁粒子的晶粒生长并且可提高磁性能的永久磁铁制造方法。将原料放入筛分破碎装置分解成较小的颗粒,进行初步筛分并对小颗粒进行粉碎,在粉碎而得到的钕磁铁的微粉末中加入添加有M-(OR)x(式中,M为V、Mo、Zr、Ta、Ti、W或Nb,R为由烃构成的取代基,可以为直链或支链,x为任意的整数)表示的有机金属化合物的有机金属化合物溶液,使有机金属化合物均匀地附着于钕磁铁的粒子表面；然后,将干燥后的磁铁粉末通过等离子体加热进行煅烧处理,并且将煅烧后的粉末状的煅烧体在成形后进行烧结,由此制造永久磁铁；本发明通过筛选减少了原料中杂质的含量,提高了永久磁铁。(The invention discloses a method for manufacturing a neodymium iron boron magnet, and provides a method for manufacturing a permanent magnet, which can inhibit the grain growth of magnet particles with single magnetic domain grain diameter during sintering and can improve the magnetic performance. Decomposing raw materials into smaller particles by a sieving and crushing device, primarily sieving and crushing the small particles, adding an organic metal compound solution containing an organic metal compound represented by M- (OR) x (wherein M is V, Mo, Zr, Ta, Ti, W OR Nb, R is a substituent group composed of hydrocarbon and may be linear OR branched, and x is an arbitrary integer) to fine powder of a neodymium magnet obtained by crushing, and uniformly attaching the organic metal compound to the particle surface of the neodymium magnet; then, the dried magnet powder is subjected to a calcination treatment by plasma heating, and a calcined powdery calcined body is sintered after being formed, thereby producing a permanent magnet; the invention reduces the content of impurities in the raw materials by screening and improves the permanent magnet.)

1. A manufacturing method of a neodymium iron boron magnet is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

1. putting the raw materials into a screening and crushing device, decomposing the raw materials into smaller individual particles, and screening out impurities in the small particles to ensure the quality of the final manufactured product;

2. grinding the magnet raw material into magnet powder;

3. a step of adding an organometallic compound represented by M- (OR) x to the magnet powder obtained by the pulverization, and allowing the organometallic compound to adhere to the particle surface of the magnet powder, wherein M- (OR) x is V, Mo, Zr, Ta, Ti, W OR Nb, R is a substituent group composed of a hydrocarbon, and is a straight chain OR branched chain, and x is an arbitrary integer;

4. a step of heating the magnet powder having the organometallic compound adhered to the particle surface by high-temperature hydrogen plasma at a temperature lower than the melting point temperature of the magnet powder, thereby obtaining a calcined body in which an oxide of M in a state of being bonded to oxygen contained in the organometallic compound is reduced and the reduced M is biased to be disposed at a grain boundary;

5. a step of reducing the amount of residual carbon to 0.15 wt% or less by calcining the magnet powder in a hydrogen atmosphere before or after the magnet powder is calcined by the high-temperature hydrogen plasma heating, thereby thermally decomposing the organometallic compound;

6. forming a compact by molding the calcined body;

7. sintering the molded body in a state of being pressurized in a uniaxial direction;

the screening and crushing device in the step 1 comprises a base (1), a shell (11) arranged on the base, a feeding hole (12) formed above the shell, a first guide inclined plate (13) arranged at the feeding hole, a plurality of first screening plates (14) arranged in the shell in an inclined mode, a second screening plate (15) arranged between the first screening plates, screening holes (16) formed in the first screening plates and the second screening plates, material collecting plates (17) arranged on two sides of the first screening plates and the second screening plates, a crushing structure (2) arranged at the joint of the first screening plates and the second screening plates, a material guide structure (3) arranged below the first screening plates and the second screening plates, a driving structure (4) used for driving the first screening plates and the second screening plates to shake, and a screening structure (5) arranged at the bottom of the shell; the magnet raw materials are poured into the material inlet, the first screening plate and the second screening plate move under the driving of the driving structure, so that the raw materials move along the first screening plate which is arranged obliquely and are screened through the screening holes arranged on the first screening plate, the raw materials with larger blocks move continuously along the first screening plate, the smaller blocks enter the material guide structure through the screening holes, then the materials are poured into the highest end, namely the starting end, of the second screening plate arranged below through the material guide structure, the raw materials with larger blocks enter the crushing structure, then the raw materials are crushed to a certain degree and enter the upper part of the second screening plate through the crushing structure, and then the raw materials with smaller blocks and the raw materials crushed through the crushing structure enter the upper part of the second screening plate, namely the second screening, smaller blocks enter a first screening plate below, the finally crushed raw materials are screened through the screening structure, and the screened raw materials and useless waste materials are collected finally.

2. A method of manufacturing a neodymium iron boron magnet according to claim 1, characterized in that: the crushing structure (2) comprises a first material guide plate (21) arranged below the first screening plate and the second screening plate, a second material guide plate (22) corresponding to the first material guide plate, a roll shaft (23) with two ends capable of being rotatably arranged on the shell in a penetrating mode, a crushing roller (24) sleeved on the roll shaft, a first motor (25) used for driving the roll shaft, a second material guide inclined plate (26) arranged below the crushing roller and a material ejecting structure (6) arranged on the first material guide plate; when the material removed to first screening board end along first screening board, the material will remove along first stock guide, subsequently in the working area of two crushing rollers that get into the below, carry out the breakage, the inclination that the second stock guide set up is bigger, be used for blockking along the downward quick rolling block of first screening board, avoided the material to pile up on the second stock guide simultaneously, later will get into the second screening board of below along the second stock guide swash plate of below through broken material in, carry out screening once more on the second screening board and to the further breakage of material, make the material carry out final screening in the form that the breakage becomes tiny particle gets into the screening structure.

3. A method of manufacturing a neodymium iron boron magnet according to claim 2, characterized in that: the material ejecting structure (6) comprises a plurality of openings (61) formed in the first material guide plate (21), plug-in rods (62) fixedly connected to the first screening plate and corresponding to the openings, and material pushing inclined planes (63) arranged on the plug-in rods; through the round trip movement of first screening board to control the inserted bar round trip movement in the opening under the drive of first screening board, be provided with on the inserted bar of round trip movement and push away the material inclined plane, thereby will pile up the material of piling up on first stock guide and second stock guide upwards shovels, thereby through the mode of lifting or promoting the material of piling up between two crushing rollers, thereby avoided excessive piling up of material, carry out the adjustment on the position to the material of piling up above.

4. A method of manufacturing a neodymium iron boron magnet according to claim 1, characterized in that: the material guiding structure (3) comprises a third material guiding plate (31) arranged below the first screening plate and the second screening plate, a connecting block (32) used for connecting the third material guiding plate with one of the first screening plate and the second screening plate, a plurality of first containing cavities (33) arranged on the third material guiding plate, a first rotating part (34) arranged on one side of the first containing cavities, a turning plate (35) arranged on the first rotating part, a limiting block (36) arranged on the turning plate, a first cavity (37) arranged in the third material guiding plate, a first block (38) capable of moving back and forth in the first cavity, a first elastic part (39) arranged in the first cavity and used for resetting the first block, a second cavity (310) arranged above the first cavity, a pushing block (311) fixedly connected on the first block, a second containing cavity (312) arranged on the first block, a rope body (313) with two ends respectively connected with the side wall of the second containing cavity and the first block, An inclined plane (314) arranged on the push block; when the first screening plate shakes, the first block arranged in the first screening plate moves back and forth relatively in the first cavity due to inertia, taking the forward movement of the first screening plate to the tail end feeding as an example, in the process, the first screening plate moves forward, the first block moves in the opposite direction due to inertia, the push block fixedly connected on the first screening plate in the moving process pushes the turning plate to rotate around the first rotating piece through the inclined plane arranged on the push block, so that the turning plate is ejected outwards from the first accommodating cavity and is limited by the limiting block finally, the turning angle is limited, the continuous movement of the push block plays a supporting role for the turning plate finally, and due to the turning of the turning plate, the rope body connected to the turning plate extends out of the second accommodating cavity, the turning plate protruding outwards pushes the material on the turning plate, the material is promoted to move downwards along the third guide plate, when the first screening plate moves towards the opposite direction, the first block moves along the opposite direction due to inertia, the push block retracts into the second cavity in the moving process, so that the turning plate loses the support of the push block and moves downwards, the turning plate retracts into the first cavity, the rope body pulls the turning plate to retract into the first cavity due to the movement of the first block, the rope body is completely retracted into the second containing cavity, the turning plate is completely retracted into the first cavity under the action of the first rope body, the whole third guide plate forms a plane, and the material moves downwards along the third guide plate due to inertia in the retracting process of the first screening plate.

5. A method of manufacturing a neodymium iron boron magnet according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step of grinding the raw material in the above 2 into a magnet powder, the magnet raw material is pulverized into a magnet powder containing a magnet powder having a single magnetic domain particle diameter.

6. A method of manufacturing a neodymium iron boron magnet according to claim 1, characterized in that: r in the structural formula in the 3 is alkyl; r is any one of alkyl groups having 2 to 6 carbon atoms.

7. A method of manufacturing a neodymium iron boron magnet according to claim 1, characterized in that: the driving structure (4) comprises a box body (41) arranged above the shell, a third cavity (42) arranged in the box body, a rotating ring (43) arranged at the inner bottom of the third cavity, a first convex tooth (44) arranged on the inner wall of the rotating ring, a first gear (45) arranged in the third cavity, a plurality of first fixing columns (46) wound in the radial direction of the first gear, a second gear (47) sleeved on the first fixing columns and used for linking the first gear and the first convex tooth, and a second motor (48) used for driving the first gear to rotate, the second convex teeth (49) are wound on the radial circumference of the rotating ring, the positioning seats (410) are arranged on two sides of the base, the bearing piece (411) is arranged on the positioning seats, one end of the driving rod (412) can rotatably penetrate through the bearing piece, the third gear (413) is arranged at the other end of the driving rod, the soundproof cotton (414) is arranged in the box body, and the reciprocating structure (7) is arranged on the side wall of the shell; thereby rotate through the rotation of second motor drive first gear and rotate, the rotation of first gear will pass through the cooperation between second gear and the first dogtooth, thereby it rotates to drive whole change, the rotation of change will drive third gear rotation, the rotation of third gear will drive the actuating lever and rotate, but actuating lever bottom pass through bearing piece swivelling joint on the positioning seat, thereby it makes inside screening board rock to drive reciprocating structure through the rotation of actuating lever, soundproof cotton sets up on the inside third cavity wall of box.

8. A method of manufacturing a neodymium iron boron magnet according to claim 7, characterized in that: the reciprocating structure (7) comprises a second block (71) arranged on the outer wall of the shell, a first sliding chute (72) arranged in the second block, driving blocks (73) arranged on two sides of the first screening plate and the second screening plate, through grooves (74) formed in the driving blocks, and a cam (75) sleeved on the driving rods; the actuating lever rotates under the drive of third gear, will drive the cam that the cover was located on it and rotate when the actuating lever pivoted, and the cam is located logical inslot on the driving block, so the rotation of cam will extrude the both sides that lead to the groove to constantly promote the driving block through the extruded mode and carry out round trip movement in first spout, thereby lead to first screening board and second screening board constantly to remove.

9. A method of manufacturing a neodymium iron boron magnet according to claim 1, characterized in that: the screening structure (5) comprises a conveying crawler belt (51) obliquely arranged at the bottom of the shell, a driving roller (52) used for driving the conveying crawler belt to move, a groove (53) formed in the driving roller, a first electromagnetic block (54) arranged below the conveying belt, a second electromagnetic block (55) arranged on the first electromagnetic block, material collecting boxes (56) arranged on two sides of the base, a dust blocking cover (57) arranged on the shell and a partition plate (58) arranged in the material collecting boxes; when materials are crushed and fall onto the conveying track, the materials slide downwards along the conveying track under the action of gravity and finally fall into a material collecting box at a low point of the track for collection due to the inclined arrangement of the conveying track, so that when the materials fall onto the conveying track, the magnet raw materials are attached to the conveying track and move towards a high position along with the track, the driving roller is provided with the groove, so that the two sides of the track are driven by the driving roller in the process of conveying the materials by the conveying track, the middle position of the track slightly sinks, more materials are accumulated at the middle position of the track, the second electromagnetic block is a block body which is connected with the first electromagnetic block and sleeved in the groove position of the driving roller in a non-contact manner, and the materials are still attracted by the second electromagnetic block when being conveyed to the highest point, and finally the second electromagnetic block is lost to attract and then falls down, and finally falls into the corresponding material collecting box.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of magnet production, and particularly relates to a method for manufacturing a neodymium iron boron magnet.

Background

In recent years, a permanent magnet motor used in a hybrid vehicle, a hard disk drive, or the like is required to be small and light, have high output, and have high efficiency. In addition, in order to achieve reduction in size and weight, increase in output power, and increase in efficiency in the permanent magnet motor, it is required to make the permanent magnet embedded in the permanent magnet motor thinner and to further improve magnetic characteristics. Examples of the permanent magnets include ferrite magnets, Sm-Co based magnets, Nd-Fe-B based magnets, Sm2Fe17Nx based magnets, and particularly Nd-Fe-B based magnets having a high residual magnetic flux density are used as permanent magnets for permanent magnet motors;

here, as a method for manufacturing a permanent magnet, a powder sintering method is generally used. In the powder sintering method, first, a raw material is coarsely pulverized and finely pulverized by a jet mill (dry pulverization) to produce a magnet powder. Then, the magnet powder is put into a die, and press-molded into a desired shape while applying a magnetic field from the outside. Then, the magnet powder is produced by sintering a solid magnet powder formed into a desired shape at a predetermined temperature (for example, 800 ℃ C. to 1150 ℃ C. for an Nd-Fe-B-based magnet).

On the other hand, Nd-based magnets such as Nd-Fe-B have a problem of low heat resistance temperature. Therefore, when an Nd-based magnet is used for a permanent magnet motor, the coercive force and residual magnetic flux density of the magnet gradually decrease when the motor is continuously driven. Therefore, when a Nd-based magnet is used in a permanent magnet motor, Dy (dysprosium) or Tb (terbium) having high magnetic anisotropy is added to further increase the coercive force of the magnet in order to improve the heat resistance of the Nd-based magnet. At the same time, it is considered that the coercive force of the magnet is improved without using Dy or Tb. For example, it is known that the magnetic properties of a permanent magnet are guided by single-domain grain theory, and therefore, if the grain diameter of a sintered body is made small, the magnetic properties are substantially improved. Here, in order to miniaturize the grain size of the sintered body, it is necessary to miniaturize the grain size of the magnet raw material before sintering. However, even when a magnet raw material finely pulverized to a fine particle diameter is molded and sintered, grain growth of magnet particles occurs during sintering, and therefore the grain diameter of the sintered body after sintering is increased to a larger diameter than before sintering, and a fine grain diameter cannot be achieved. Further, when the crystal grain size is increased, magnetic domain walls generated in the crystal grains are easily migrated, and thus the coercive force is significantly lowered.

Meanwhile, in the production process, because the raw materials often contain a certain amount of impurities, when the mode is adopted for production, the quality of the raw material minerals plays a very high decisive condition, if the mineral individuals are large, the raw materials and the impurities are very difficult to separate, and if the materials are crushed into tiny individuals, the materials are difficult to collect.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a method for manufacturing a neodymium iron boron magnet, aiming at overcoming the defects of the prior art.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a method for manufacturing a neodymium iron boron magnet with less impurities and strong magnetism comprises the following steps:

1. putting the raw materials into a screening and crushing device, decomposing the raw materials into smaller individual particles, and screening out impurities in the small particles to ensure the quality of the final manufactured product;

2. grinding the magnet raw material into magnet powder;

3. a step of adding an organometallic compound represented by M- (OR) x to the magnet powder obtained by the pulverization, and allowing the organometallic compound to adhere to the particle surface of the magnet powder, wherein M- (OR) x is V, Mo, Zr, Ta, Ti, W OR Nb, R is a substituent group composed of a hydrocarbon, and is a straight chain OR branched chain, and x is an arbitrary integer;

4. a step of heating the magnet powder having the organometallic compound adhered to the particle surface by high-temperature hydrogen plasma at a temperature lower than the melting point temperature of the magnet powder, thereby obtaining a calcined body in which an oxide of M in a state of being bonded to oxygen contained in the organometallic compound is reduced and the reduced M is biased to be disposed at a grain boundary;

5. a step of reducing the amount of residual carbon to 0.15 wt% or less by calcining the magnet powder in a hydrogen atmosphere before or after the magnet powder is calcined by the high-temperature hydrogen plasma heating, thereby thermally decomposing the organometallic compound;

6. forming a compact by molding the calcined body;

7. sintering the molded body in a state of being pressurized in a uniaxial direction;

the screening and crushing device in the step 1 comprises a base, a shell arranged on the base, a feeding hole formed above the shell, a first material guide inclined plate arranged at the feeding hole, a plurality of first screening plates obliquely arranged in the shell, a second screening plate arranged between the first screening plates, screening holes formed in the first screening plates and the second screening plates, material collecting plates arranged on two sides of the first screening plates and the second screening plates, a crushing structure arranged at the joint of the first screening plates and the second screening plates, a material guide structure arranged below the first screening plates and the second screening plates, a driving structure used for driving the first screening plates and the second screening plates to shake, and a screening structure arranged at the bottom of the shell; the magnet raw materials are poured into the material inlet, the first screening plate and the second screening plate move under the driving of the driving structure, so that the raw materials move along the first screening plate which is arranged obliquely and are screened through the screening holes arranged on the first screening plate, the raw materials with larger blocks move continuously along the first screening plate, the smaller blocks enter the material guide structure through the screening holes, then the materials are poured into the highest end, namely the starting end, of the second screening plate arranged below through the material guide structure, the raw materials with larger blocks enter the crushing structure, then the raw materials are crushed to a certain degree and enter the upper part of the second screening plate through the crushing structure, and then the raw materials with smaller blocks and the raw materials crushed through the crushing structure enter the upper part of the second screening plate, namely the second screening, smaller blocks enter a first screening plate below, the crushed raw materials are screened through a screening structure, and the screened raw materials and useless waste materials are collected; through the arrangement between the first screening plate and the second screening plate, the materials are screened in a broken line type form, and through the arrangement of the guide structure, the materials falling from the first screening plate fall at the top end position of the second screening plate, and then fall on the first screening plate below the second screening plate, and the falling end of the materials is set to the top end position of the next screening plate, so that the materials can pass through more complete screening effect on large and small individuals, and meanwhile, through the arrangement of the upper material collecting plate, the moving materials are collected towards the middle, on one hand, the materials are ensured not to fall into the gaps at two sides, the blocking condition of instruments is caused, on the other hand, the materials can be collected towards the middle, so that good screening effect is achieved, and blocks with different sizes are separated through the arrangement of the structure, thereby carry out corresponding processing to the material granule that makes final production is more even, thereby makes subsequent material granule, thereby can get rid of impurity better and guaranteed the pureness degree of final raw materials, has guaranteed certain particle size simultaneously, has made things convenient for subsequent collection, and the littleer granule then also can increase the final crushing effect and the crushing efficiency of raw materials, has guaranteed the pureness of raw materials simultaneously, makes the final product of making possess stronger magnetism, has increased the quality of product.

The crushing structure comprises a first material guide plate arranged below the first screening plate and the second screening plate, a second material guide plate corresponding to the first material guide plate, a roll shaft with two ends capable of rotatably penetrating through the shell, a crushing roller sleeved on the roll shaft, a first motor used for driving the roll shaft, a second material guide inclined plate arranged below the crushing roller, and a material ejecting structure arranged on the first material guide plate; when the materials move to the tail end of the first screening plate along the first screening plate, the materials move along the first material guide plate and then enter working areas of two crushing rollers below the first material guide plate to be crushed, the second material guide plate is provided with a larger inclination angle and is used for blocking blocks which roll downwards quickly along the first screening plate, meanwhile, the materials are prevented from being stacked on the second material guide plate, then the crushed materials enter the second screening plate below the second material guide plate along the second material guide inclined plate below the second material guide plate, secondary screening and further crushing are carried out on the second screening plate, and the materials are crushed into small particles and enter a screening structure to be finally screened; through the arrangement of the structure, the particles with corresponding sizes are crushed, the crushing capacity of the particles is improved, the treatment efficiency of the equipment is accelerated, the materials are crushed more rapidly, the corresponding crushing is carried out according to the sizes of the particles, the damage to the crushing roller is effectively reduced, the materials with corresponding sizes of the particles are crushed, the treatment efficiency of the equipment is effectively improved, the feeding effect is effectively achieved through the arrangement of the second material guide plate, the materials above the crushing roller have certain potential energy, when the same amount of the materials are stacked above the roller, the larger angle is formed, the stacking height of the materials is increased, the materials above the roller have downward extrusion force on the materials below the roller, the crushing efficiency of the crushing roller is improved, through the arrangement of the structure, the treatment capacity of the equipment on stone materials is effectively improved, can carry out more thorough better breakage to the material to effectively guarantee the size of final granule, guaranteed the quality of finally producing out magnet, the raw materials is purer, has strengthened the magnetism of magnet.

The material ejecting structure comprises a plurality of openings formed in the first material guide plate, plug-in rods fixedly connected to the first screening plate and corresponding to the openings, and material pushing inclined planes arranged on the plug-in rods; through the back and forth movement of the first screening plate, the plug rod is controlled to move back and forth in the opening under the driving of the first screening plate, the plug rod which moves back and forth is provided with a material pushing inclined plane, so that materials stacked on the first material guide plate and the second material guide plate are upwards shoveled, and through the mode of lifting or pushing the materials stacked between the double crushing rollers, the excessive stacking of the materials is avoided, and the position of the materials stacked above the materials is adjusted; constantly extrude the material of bottom through this structure, thereby stir the material of bottom, the material will constantly adjust self at the stirring in-process, thereby change broken angle, block or the smooth block in surface that stubborn to some breakage possesses good crushing effect, thereby good crushing effect has been played, make the material can obtain good breakage, the granule of final product is more even, thereby the size of the granule of final product has been improved, thereby the pure degree of raw materials has been guaranteed, the magnetism of magnet has been increased.

The material guiding structure comprises a third material guiding plate arranged below the first screening plate and the second screening plate, a connecting block used for connecting the third material guiding plate with one of the first screening plate and the second screening plate, a plurality of first accommodating cavities arranged on the third material guiding plate, a first rotating part arranged on one side of the first accommodating cavities, a turning plate arranged on the first rotating part, a limiting block arranged on the turning plate, a first cavity arranged in the third material guiding plate, a first block capable of moving back and forth in the first cavity, a first elastic part arranged in the first cavity and used for resetting the first block, a second cavity arranged above the first cavity, a pushing block fixedly connected on the first block, a second accommodating cavity arranged on the first block, a rope body with two ends respectively connected with the side wall of the second accommodating cavity and the first block, and an inclined plane arranged on the pushing block; when the first screening plate shakes, the first block arranged in the first screening plate moves back and forth relatively in the first cavity due to inertia, taking the forward movement of the first screening plate to the tail end feeding as an example, in the process, the first screening plate moves forward, the first block moves in the opposite direction due to inertia, the push block fixedly connected on the first screening plate in the moving process pushes the turning plate to rotate around the first rotating piece through the inclined plane arranged on the push block, so that the turning plate is ejected outwards from the first accommodating cavity and is limited by the limiting block finally, the turning angle is limited, the continuous movement of the push block plays a supporting role for the turning plate finally, and due to the turning of the turning plate, the rope body connected to the turning plate extends out of the second accommodating cavity, the turning plate protruding outwards pushes the material on the turning plate, the materials are promoted to move downwards along the third guide plate, when the first screening plate moves in the opposite direction, the first block moves in the opposite direction due to inertia, the push block retracts into the second cavity in the moving process, so that the turning plate loses the support of the push block and moves downwards to retract into the first cavity, at the moment, due to the movement of the first block, the rope body pulls the turning plate to retract into the first cavity, the rope body is completely retracted into the second accommodating cavity, at the moment, the turning plate is completely retracted into the first cavity under the action of the first rope body, so that the whole third guide plate forms a plane, and the materials move downwards along the third guide plate due to inertia in the retracting process of the first screening plate; through the arrangement of the structure, the turning plate of the first screening plate and the turning plate of the second screening plate are upwards lifted in the advancing process of the first screening plate and the second screening plate, so that the material is pushed, the possibility of blocking the backflow of the material is realized by the turning plate, the effect of promoting the unidirectional movement of the material is realized by the turning plate, when the first screening plate and the second screening plate retract, the turning plate retracts to retract into the first cavity, so that the third material guide plate forms an inclined plane, the material can stay in place under the action of inertia, the third material guide plate retracts, so that the material can move along the inclined plane in a unidirectional way, the structure is arranged, so that the material can be effectively ensured to fall into the topmost position of the first screening plate or the second screening plate below, the complete screening route of the material can be smoothly performed, and the situation that the material enters a crushing station is reduced, avoided qualified material and treated broken material together to pile up in the crushing roller top to increased the burden of crushing roller, leaded to the broken time to get lengthened, the setting of this structure will effectively guarantee the crushing efficiency of equipment, prolonged the life of equipment simultaneously, made final broken material size more even, the magnetite magnetism of final production is more strengthened.

In the step of grinding the raw material in the above 2 into a magnet powder, the magnet raw material is pulverized into a magnet powder containing a magnet powder having a single magnetic domain particle diameter.

R in the structural formula in the 3 is alkyl; r is any one of alkyl groups having 2 to 6 carbon atoms.

The driving structure comprises a box body arranged above the shell, a third cavity arranged in the box body, a rotating ring arranged at the inner bottom of the third cavity, a first convex tooth arranged on the inner wall of the rotating ring, a first gear arranged in the third cavity, a plurality of first fixed columns wound in the radial direction of the first gear, a second gear sleeved on the first fixed columns and used for linking the first gear and the first convex tooth, a second motor used for driving the first gear to rotate, a second convex tooth wound around the radial circumference of the rotating ring, positioning seats arranged on two sides of the base, a bearing piece arranged on the positioning seats, a driving rod with one end rotatably penetrating through the bearing piece, a third gear arranged at the other end of the driving rod, soundproof cotton arranged in the box body and a reciprocating structure arranged on the side wall of the shell; the rotation of the second motor drives the first gear to rotate, the rotation of the first gear drives the whole rotating ring to rotate through the matching between the second gear and the first convex teeth, the rotation of the rotating ring drives the third gear to rotate, the rotation of the third gear drives the driving rod to rotate, the bottom of the driving rod is rotatably connected to the positioning seat through a bearing piece, the rotation of the driving rod drives the reciprocating structure to enable the screening plate inside to shake, and the soundproof cotton is arranged on the wall of the third cavity inside the box body; through the setting of this structure, adjust the rotational speed of motor, thereby slow down the rotational speed of motor, and the mode through box and swivel makes inside double-deck space that forms, wrap up the first gear in the centre, thereby the noise size that first gear sent out has been reduced, the size that the noise took place has further been reduced through soundproof cotton's setting simultaneously, staff operational environment has been guaranteed, the noise has been reduced the damage to staff's mind and body, it is effectively synchronous with the rotation of actuating lever to set up through this structure, thereby make the motion synchronization between a plurality of reciprocating structure, collision between the equipment has been reduced, the wearing and tearing of equipment have been reduced, the life of equipment has been prolonged, the stability of equipment has effectively been improved, thereby the quality of screening has been guaranteed, the quality of final product has been guaranteed, the magnetism of finally making magnet has been guaranteed.

The reciprocating structure comprises a second block arranged on the outer wall of the shell, a first sliding chute arranged in the second block, driving blocks arranged on two sides of the first screening plate and the second screening plate, a through groove arranged on the driving blocks, and a cam sleeved on the driving rod; the driving rod is driven by the third gear to rotate, the driving rod drives the cam sleeved on the driving rod to rotate while rotating, and the cam is located in the through groove on the driving block, so that the rotation of the cam extrudes two sides of the through groove, the driving block is continuously pushed to move back and forth in the first sliding groove in an extrusion mode, and the first screening plate and the second screening plate are continuously moved; the structure is arranged, the cam rotates, so that the first screening plate and the second screening plate move back and forth, the first screening plate and the second screening plate shake back and forth through the back and forth movement, the materials move forward relatively due to inertia when moving back through the inclined plane, the mode can be slower than a vibration mode, so that the noise generated by equipment is effectively reduced, meanwhile, the situation of material splashing caused by vibration is effectively avoided, the damage to equipment and the possibility of injury to workers caused by the material splashing is avoided, the situation that the materials directly pass through a screening step under vibration, enter a crushing working area and are stacked, so that the reduction of the crushing efficiency is caused is avoided, the materials roll on the first screening plate through the structure, make the material disperse and sieve at the in-process that rolls, the screening effect is more, and final product's particle size is more even to improve final product's quality, guaranteed the magnetic strength of final magnet.

The screening structure comprises a conveying crawler arranged at the bottom of the shell in an inclined mode, a driving roller used for driving the driving crawler to move, a groove formed in the driving roller, a first electromagnetic block arranged below the conveying belt, a second electromagnetic block arranged on the first electromagnetic block, material collecting boxes arranged on two sides of the base, a dust blocking cover arranged on the shell and a partition plate arranged in the material collecting boxes; when materials are crushed and fall onto the conveying track, the materials slide downwards along the conveying track under the action of gravity and finally fall into a material collecting box at a low point of the track for collection due to the inclined arrangement of the conveying track, so that when the materials fall onto the conveying track, the magnet raw materials are attached to the conveying track and move towards a high position along with the track, the driving roller is provided with the groove, so that the two sides of the track are driven by the driving roller in the process of conveying the materials by the conveying track, the middle position of the track slightly sinks, more materials are accumulated at the middle position of the track, the second electromagnetic block is a block body which is connected with the first electromagnetic block and sleeved in the groove position of the driving roller in a non-contact manner, and the materials are still attracted by the second electromagnetic block when being conveyed to the highest point, and finally the second electromagnetic block is lost to attract and then falls down, and finally falls into the corresponding material collecting box; through the setting of this structure, thereby effectively separated raw materials and impurity, and through the setting of second electromagnetism piece, will continue to carry out the absorption of certain degree to the raw materials of department of buckling, because the granule is less at this moment arouses inside dust to raise easily with the mode of outwards throwing, and splash, setting through this structure, the material will lose magnetism and fall in the below of conveying track, the whereabouts mode is softer, reduce the loss of the raw materials that leads to splashing, simultaneously at this in-process, can observe the quality of raw materials through the adsorption effect of raw materials, for example, it is stronger that the adsorption efficiency is stronger to be close to the base more, the raw materials is the purer more, it is weaker to keep away from then to show the adsorption efficiency more, inside impurity is more many, thereby carry out classification on the grade, thereby the volume of final product has been increased, the quality of final magnet has been guaranteed.

According to the permanent magnet of the present invention having the above-described configuration, V, Mo, Zr, Ta, Ti, W, or Nb contained in the added organometallic compound can be effectively localized at the grain boundaries of the magnet. As a result, the grain growth of the magnet particles during sintering can be suppressed, and the exchange interaction between the respective grains is cut off, whereby the magnetization reversal of the respective grains can be inhibited, and the magnetic properties can be improved. Further, since the amount of V, Mo, Zr, Ta, Ti, W or Nb added is smaller than that of the conventional one, the decrease in residual magnetic flux density can be suppressed. Since the magnet powder to which the organometallic compound is added is calcined by plasma heating before sintering, the amount of oxygen contained in the magnet particles can be reduced in advance before sintering. As a result, precipitation of α Fe or formation of oxides in the main phase of the sintered magnet can be suppressed, and the magnet characteristics are not significantly degraded.

The invention reduces the content of impurities in the raw materials by screening and improves the permanent magnet; thereby block to equidimension not of setting through first screening board and second screening board separates, thereby carry out the processing that corresponds, thereby the material granule that makes final generation is more even, thereby make subsequent material granule, thereby impurity can be got rid of better and the pureness degree of final raw materials has been guaranteed, certain particle size has been guaranteed simultaneously, subsequent collection has been made things convenient for, and littleer granule then also can increase the ultimate crushing effect of raw materials and crushing efficiency, the pureness of raw materials has been guaranteed simultaneously, the product that makes final making possesses stronger magnetism, the quality of product has been increased.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a right side view of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic perspective cross-sectional view taken along line a-a of fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a schematic plan sectional view taken along line a-a of fig. 2.

Fig. 5 is an enlarged schematic view of a portion a of fig. 3.

Fig. 6 is an enlarged schematic view of fig. 3 at B.

Fig. 7 is a partially enlarged schematic view of fig. 6.

Fig. 8 is an enlarged schematic view at C in fig. 3.

Fig. 9 is a partially enlarged schematic view of fig. 4.

Fig. 10 is a perspective cross-sectional view of fig. 2 taken along line B-B.

Fig. 11 is a partially enlarged schematic view of fig. 10.

Fig. 12 is a partially enlarged schematic view of fig. 11.

Fig. 13 is an enlarged schematic view of the first screening deck.

Detailed Description

As shown in fig. 1 to 13, a method for manufacturing a neodymium iron boron magnet includes the following steps:

1. putting the raw materials into a screening and crushing device, decomposing the raw materials into smaller individual particles, and screening out impurities in the small particles to ensure the quality of the final manufactured product;

2. grinding the magnet raw material into magnet powder; in the step of grinding the raw material into magnet powder, the magnet raw material is pulverized into magnet powder containing magnet powder with a single magnetic domain particle size;

3. a step of adding an organometallic compound represented by M- (OR) x to the magnet powder obtained by the pulverization, and allowing the organometallic compound to adhere to the particle surface of the magnet powder, wherein M- (OR) x is V, Mo, Zr, Ta, Ti, W OR Nb, R is a substituent group composed of a hydrocarbon, and is a straight chain OR branched chain, and x is an arbitrary integer; r in the structural formula is alkyl; r is any one of alkyl groups with 2-6 carbon atoms;

4. a step of heating the magnet powder having the organometallic compound adhered to the particle surface by high-temperature hydrogen plasma at a temperature lower than the melting point temperature of the magnet powder, thereby obtaining a calcined body in which an oxide of M in a state of being bonded to oxygen contained in the organometallic compound is reduced and the reduced M is biased to be disposed at a grain boundary;

5. a step of reducing the amount of residual carbon to 0.15 wt% or less by calcining the magnet powder in a hydrogen atmosphere before or after the magnet powder is calcined by the high-temperature hydrogen plasma heating, thereby thermally decomposing the organometallic compound;

6. forming a compact by molding the calcined body;

7. sintering the molded body in a state of being pressurized in a uniaxial direction;

the screening and crushing device in the device 1 comprises a base 1, a shell 11, a feeding hole 12, a first material guide inclined plate 13, a first screening plate 14, a second screening plate 15, screening holes 16, a material gathering plate 17, a crushing structure 2, a material guide structure 3, a driving structure 4 and a screening structure 5; the shell 11 is arranged on a base, the feed inlet 12 is arranged above the shell, the first material guide inclined plate 13 is arranged at the feed inlet, the first screening plate 14 is provided with a plurality of blocks which are arranged in parallel, 2 blocks can be added according to requirements and are arranged in the shell in an inclined manner, the second screening plate 15 is provided with a plurality of blocks which are used for convenient expression, only one block is arranged and is arranged between the first screening plates, the screening holes 16 are arranged on the first screening plate and the second screening plate, the material gathering plates 17 are arranged on two sides of the first screening plate and the second screening plate, the crushing structure 2 is arranged at the joint of the first screening plate and the second screening plate, the material guide structure 3 is arranged below the first screening plate and the second screening plate, the driving structure 4 is used for driving the first screening plate and the second screening plate to rock, and the screening structure 5 is arranged at the bottom of the shell; the magnet raw materials are poured into the material inlet, the first screening plate and the second screening plate move under the driving of the driving structure, so that the raw materials move along the first screening plate which is arranged obliquely and are screened through the screening holes arranged on the first screening plate, the raw materials with larger blocks move continuously along the first screening plate, the smaller blocks enter the material guide structure through the screening holes, then the materials are poured into the highest end, namely the starting end, of the second screening plate arranged below through the material guide structure, the raw materials with larger blocks enter the crushing structure, then the raw materials are crushed to a certain degree and enter the upper part of the second screening plate through the crushing structure, and then the raw materials with smaller blocks and the raw materials crushed through the crushing structure enter the upper part of the second screening plate, namely the second screening, smaller blocks enter a first screening plate below, the finally crushed raw materials are screened through the screening structure, and the screened raw materials and useless waste materials are collected finally.

The crushing structure 2 comprises a first material guide plate 21, a second material guide plate 22, a roll shaft 23, a crushing roller 24, a first motor 25, a second material guide inclined plate 26 and an ejection structure 6; the first material guide plate 21 is arranged below the first screening plate and the second screening plate, the second material guide plate 22 corresponds to the first material guide plate, two ends of a roll shaft 23 can rotatably penetrate through the shell, a crushing roller 24 is sleeved on the roll shaft, a first motor 25 is used for driving the roll shaft, a second material guide inclined plate 26 is arranged below the crushing roller, and the material ejecting structure 6 is arranged on the first material guide plate; when the material removed to first screening board end along first screening board, the material will remove along first stock guide, subsequently in the working area of two crushing rollers that get into the below, carry out the breakage, the inclination that the second stock guide set up is bigger, be used for blockking along the downward quick rolling block of first screening board, avoided the material to pile up on the second stock guide simultaneously, later will get into the second screening board of below along the second stock guide swash plate of below through broken material in, carry out screening once more on the second screening board and to the further breakage of material, make the material carry out final screening in the form that the breakage becomes tiny particle gets into the screening structure.

The material ejecting structure 6 comprises an opening 61, an inserting rod 62 and a material ejecting inclined plane 63; a plurality of openings 61 are uniformly distributed on the first material guide plate and arranged on the first material guide plate 21, the insertion rods 62 are fixedly connected to the first screening plate and correspond to the openings, and the material pushing inclined planes 63 are arranged on the insertion rods; through the round trip movement of first screening board to control the inserted bar round trip movement in the opening under the drive of first screening board, be provided with on the inserted bar of round trip movement and push away the material inclined plane, thereby will pile up the material of piling up on first stock guide and second stock guide upwards shovels, thereby through the mode of lifting or promoting the material of piling up between two crushing rollers, thereby avoided excessive piling up of material, carry out the adjustment on the position to the material of piling up above.

The material guiding structure 3 comprises a third material guiding plate 31, a connecting block 32, a first accommodating cavity 33, a first rotating member 34, a turning plate 35, a limiting block 36, a first cavity 37, a first block 38, a first elastic member 39, a second cavity 310, a pushing block 311, a second accommodating cavity 312, a rope 313 and an inclined plane 314; the third material guide plate 31 is arranged below the first screening plate and the second screening plate, the connecting block 32 is used for connecting the third material guide plate and one of the first screening plate and the second screening plate, the first accommodating cavity 33 is provided with a plurality of parts and is arranged on the third material guide plate, the first rotating part 34 is arranged on one side of the first accommodating cavity, the turning plate 35 is arranged on the first rotating part, the limiting block 36 is arranged on the turning plate, the first cavity 37 is arranged in the third material guide plate, the first block 38 can move back and forth in the first cavity, the first elastic part 39 is arranged in the first cavity and is used for resetting the first block, the second cavity 310 is arranged above the first cavity, the pushing block 311 is fixedly connected to the first block, the second accommodating cavity 312 is arranged on the first block, two ends of the rope body 313 are respectively connected with the side wall of the second accommodating cavity and the first block, and the inclined plane 314 is arranged on the pushing block; when the first screening plate shakes, the first block arranged in the first screening plate moves back and forth relatively in the first cavity due to inertia, taking the forward movement of the first screening plate to the tail end feeding as an example, in the process, the first screening plate moves forward, the first block moves in the opposite direction due to inertia, the push block fixedly connected on the first screening plate in the moving process pushes the turning plate to rotate around the first rotating piece through the inclined plane arranged on the push block, so that the turning plate is ejected outwards from the first accommodating cavity and is limited by the limiting block finally, the turning angle is limited, the continuous movement of the push block plays a supporting role for the turning plate finally, and due to the turning of the turning plate, the rope body connected to the turning plate extends out of the second accommodating cavity, the turning plate protruding outwards pushes the material on the turning plate, the material is promoted to move downwards along the third guide plate, when the first screening plate moves towards the opposite direction, the first block moves along the opposite direction due to inertia, the push block retracts into the second cavity in the moving process, so that the turning plate loses the support of the push block and moves downwards, the turning plate retracts into the first cavity, the rope body pulls the turning plate to retract into the first cavity due to the movement of the first block, the rope body is completely retracted into the second containing cavity, the turning plate is completely retracted into the first cavity under the action of the first rope body, the whole third guide plate forms a plane, and the material moves downwards along the third guide plate due to inertia in the retracting process of the first screening plate.

The driving structure 4 comprises a box 41, a third cavity 42, a rotating ring 43, a first convex tooth 44, a first gear 45, a first fixing column 46, a second gear 47, a second motor 48, a second convex tooth 49, a positioning seat 410, a bearing piece 411, a driving rod 412, a third gear 413, soundproof cotton 414 and a reciprocating structure 7; the box body 41 is arranged above the shell, the third cavity 42 is arranged in the box body, the rotating ring 43 is arranged at the bottom in the third cavity, the first convex teeth 44 are arranged on the inner wall of the rotating ring, the first gear 45 is arranged in the third cavity, a plurality of first fixing columns 46 are arranged and wound in the radial direction of the first gear, the second gear 47 is sleeved on the first fixing columns and used for linking the first gear and the first convex teeth, the second motor 48 is used for driving the first gear to rotate, the second convex teeth 49 are wound around the radial circumference of the rotating ring, the positioning seats 410 are arranged on two sides of the base, the bearing piece 411 is arranged on the positioning seat, one end of the driving rod 412 is rotatably arranged on the bearing piece in a penetrating manner, the third gear 413 is arranged at the other end of the driving rod, the soundproof cotton 414 is; thereby rotate through the rotation of second motor drive first gear and rotate, the rotation of first gear will pass through the cooperation between second gear and the first dogtooth, thereby it rotates to drive whole change, the rotation of change will drive third gear rotation, the rotation of third gear will drive the actuating lever and rotate, but actuating lever bottom pass through bearing piece swivelling joint on the positioning seat, thereby it makes inside screening board rock to drive reciprocating structure through the rotation of actuating lever, soundproof cotton sets up on the inside third cavity wall of box.

The reciprocating structure 7 comprises a second block 71, a first sliding chute 72, a driving block 73, a through groove 74 and a cam 75; the second block 71 is arranged on the outer wall of the shell, the first sliding groove 72 is arranged in the second block, the driving block 73 is arranged on two sides of the first screening plate and the second screening plate, the through groove 74 is arranged on the driving block, the cam 75 is sleeved on the driving rod, and the second block is arranged in parallel, so that the first screening plate and the second screening plate move in a horizontal back-and-forth movement mode and can be inclined at a certain angle; the actuating lever rotates under the drive of third gear, will drive the cam that the cover was located on it and rotate when the actuating lever pivoted, and the cam is located logical inslot on the driving block, so the rotation of cam will extrude the both sides that lead to the groove to constantly promote the driving block through the extruded mode and carry out round trip movement in first spout, thereby lead to first screening board and second screening board constantly to remove.

The screening structure 5 comprises a conveying crawler 51, a driving roller 52, a groove 53, a first electromagnetic block 54, a second electromagnetic block 55, a material collecting box 56, a dust cover 57 and a partition plate 58; the conveying crawler 51 is obliquely arranged at the bottom of the shell, the driving roller 52 is used for driving the driving crawler to move, the groove 53 is formed in the driving roller, the first electromagnetic block 54 is arranged below the conveying crawler, the second electromagnetic block 55 is arranged on the first electromagnetic block, the material collecting box 56 is arranged on two sides of the base, the dust blocking cover 57 is arranged on the shell, the partition plate 58 is arranged in the material collecting box, and the partition plate is provided with a plurality of blocks, wherein only 1 block is arranged for convenience of expression; when materials are crushed and fall onto the conveying track, the materials slide downwards along the conveying track under the action of gravity and finally fall into a material collecting box at a low point of the track for collection due to the inclined arrangement of the conveying track, so that when the materials fall onto the conveying track, the magnet raw materials are attached to the conveying track and move towards a high position along with the track, the driving roller is provided with the groove, so that the two sides of the track are driven by the driving roller in the process of conveying the materials by the conveying track, the middle position of the track slightly sinks, more materials are accumulated at the middle position of the track, the second electromagnetic block is a block body which is connected with the first electromagnetic block and sleeved in the groove position of the driving roller in a non-contact manner, and the materials are still attracted by the second electromagnetic block when being conveyed to the highest point, and finally the second electromagnetic block is lost to attract and then falls down, and finally falls into the corresponding material collecting box.

The specific operation flow is as follows;

the magnet raw material is poured into the feeding hole 12, the first gear 45 is driven to rotate through the rotation of the second motor 48, the rotation of the first gear is matched with the first convex tooth 44 through the second gear 47, so as to drive the whole rotating ring 43 to rotate, the rotation of the rotating ring drives the third gear 413 to rotate, the rotation of the third gear drives the driving rod 412 to rotate, the bottom of the driving rod is rotatably connected to the positioning seat 410 through the bearing piece 411, the driving rod rotates and simultaneously drives the cam 49 sleeved on the driving rod to rotate, the cam is positioned in the through groove on the driving block 73, so that the rotation of the cam extrudes two sides of the through groove 74, the driving block is continuously pushed to move back and forth in the first sliding groove 72 in an extrusion manner, so that the first screening plate 14 and the second screening plate 15 are continuously moved, and the raw material is moved along the obliquely arranged first screening plate, the raw materials with larger blocks continuously move along the first screening plate, the smaller blocks fall onto a third guide plate 31 through the screening holes 16 arranged on the first screening plate, the turning plate 35 is turned upwards to play a role in pushing when the screening plate is ejected forwards, the turning plate retracts inwards when the screening plate retracts inwards, then the materials are poured into the highest end, namely the starting end, of a second screening plate arranged below through the third guide plate, the raw materials with larger blocks enter the working areas of two crushing rollers 24 below to be crushed, the inclination angle of the second guide plate 22 is larger and is used for blocking the blocks which rapidly roll downwards along the first screening plate, meanwhile, the materials are prevented from being stacked on the second guide plate, and then the crushed materials enter the second screening plate below along the second guide plate below, the second screening plate is screened again and the materials are further crushed, the inserting rod 62 is controlled to move back and forth in the opening 61 under the driving of the first screening plate through the back and forth movement of the first screening plate, the inserting rod moving back and forth is provided with a material pushing inclined plane, so that the materials stacked on the first material guide plate and the second material guide plate are upwards shoveled, the excessive stacking of the materials is avoided through a mode of lifting or pushing the materials stacked between the double crushing rollers, the position of the materials stacked above is adjusted, the materials fall onto the conveying crawler belt 51 after being crushed, due to the inclined arrangement of the conveying crawler belt, the materials slide downwards along the conveying crawler belt under the action of gravity and finally fall into the material collecting box 56 at the lower point of the crawler belt for collection, the first electromagnetic block 54 is arranged below the conveying belt, so that when the materials fall onto the conveying crawler belt, the magnet raw materials will be attached to the conveying track, and along with the track towards eminence motion, set up recess 53 on the drive roller, thus make the conveying track in the in-process of conveying the material, the both sides of track receive the drive of drive roller 52, and the intermediate position sinks a little, and the material will be more piled up in the intermediate position of track, and second electromagnetic piece 55 is a block that links to each other with first electromagnetic piece and locates the recess position on the drive roller with contactless form cover, and the material still receives the attraction of second electromagnetic piece when sending to the peak, and again finally loses the attraction of second electromagnetic piece and fall down, finally fall into corresponding collection workbin.