阅读说明：本技术 一种适合高水分天然牧草贮藏的防霉剂及其制备方法 (Mildew preventive suitable for storing high-moisture natural pasture and preparation method thereof ) 是由 常春 赵金梅 吴洪新 降晓伟 付慧 于 2020-10-10 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种适合高水分天然牧草贮藏的防霉剂及其制备方法,所述防霉剂以植物源天然物质肉桂、陈皮、杜仲和虎杖为主要活性抑菌成分,充分利用植物源天然物质的协同抑菌杀虫效果,实现高效的防霉效果,能够满足高水分天然牧草的贮藏需要,同时能够保证天然牧草具有良好的品质,与此同时,本发明提供的防霉剂的,绿色环保,安全性高,能够增强家畜免疫力,且制备方法简单,科学规范,成本低,适合大面积推广应用。(The mildew preventive provided by the invention takes plant-derived natural substances including cinnamon, dried orange peel, eucommia bark and giant knotweed rhizome as main active bacteriostatic components, makes full use of the synergistic bacteriostatic and insecticidal effects of the plant-derived natural substances, realizes a high-efficiency mildew preventive effect, can meet the storage requirements of the high-moisture natural forage grass, and can ensure that the natural forage grass has good quality.)

1. A mildew preventive suitable for storage of high-moisture natural pasture comprises the following components in parts by mass: 10-80 parts of cinnamon, 10-80 parts of dried orange peel, 10-80 parts of eucommia bark and 10-80 parts of giant knotweed rhizome.

2. The mildew inhibitor for high-moisture natural pasture grass storage according to claim 1, wherein: the cinnamon, the dried orange peel, the eucommia bark and the giant knotweed rhizome are powder, and the preparation method comprises the steps of drying the cinnamon, the dried orange peel, the eucommia bark and the giant knotweed rhizome, crushing the dried cinnamon, the dried orange peel, the eucommia bark and the giant knotweed rhizome, and sieving the crushed cinnamon, the dried orange peel, the dried eucommia bark and.

3. A mould inhibitor suitable for storage of high moisture natural pasture grasses as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 2 wherein: 15-60 parts of cinnamon, 20-60 parts of dried orange peel, 20-40 parts of eucommia bark and 20-70 parts of giant knotweed rhizome.

4. The mildew inhibitor for high-moisture natural pasture grass storage according to claim 3, wherein: 30-60 parts of cinnamon, 20-40 parts of dried orange peel, 20-40 parts of eucommia bark and 35-50 parts of giant knotweed rhizome.

5. A mildew preventive suitable for storage of high-moisture natural pasture grass according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: the mildew preventive comprises 20-50 parts of auxiliary additive, wherein the auxiliary additive is one or more than two of calcium oxide, zeolite, diatomite and attapulgite.

6. The mildew inhibitor for high-moisture natural pasture grass storage according to claim 5, wherein: the particle size of the auxiliary additive is 400-600 mu m.

7. A method for preparing the mildew preventive suitable for the storage of high-moisture natural pasture grass as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, which is characterized in that: drying and crushing cinnamon, dried orange peel, eucommia bark and giant knotweed rhizome, sieving the crushed cinnamon, dried orange peel, eucommia bark and giant knotweed rhizome by a 100-mesh sieve for later use, and uniformly mixing the components according to the mass part ratio to prepare the mildew preventive.

8. A method of applying a fungicide suitable for the storage of high moisture natural pasture grasses according to any one of claims 1 to 6 characterized in that: spraying mildew preventive to the natural pasture with the water content of 20-30%, wherein the dosage of the mildew preventive is 0.5-3kg of the mildew preventive uniformly sprayed to each ton of the natural pasture.

9. The method of applying the mildewcide for storing high-moisture natural pasture grass according to claim 8, wherein: 1-2kg of the fertilizer is uniformly sprayed on each ton of the natural pasture.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of natural forage grass feed processing, and particularly relates to a mildew preventive suitable for high-moisture natural forage grass storage and a preparation method thereof.

Background

With the rapid development of animal husbandry, especially modern dairy cattle industry, the problem of shortage of high-quality coarse fodder is becoming more and more serious. The shortage of high quality forage has become a bottleneck restricting the efficient, sustained, stable and healthy development of the herbivorous livestock industry. For a long time, the quality of the produced hay is low due to the limitation of the conditions of large-scale technical equipment, mechanization degree, natural geography and the like in the hay modulation aspect in the main production area of the natural pasture in China, the requirement of markets and high-yield cows on the high-quality pasture cannot be met, and the impact of imported high-quality natural pasture causes the industrialized development of the natural pasture in China to be unstable and have great step. The water content of the natural pasture grass hay is a very important factor influencing the quality of the hay when the hay is prepared and stored.

The water content is an indispensable factor for the growth of the mould, the biological activity of the mould can be inhibited when the low-moisture hay is stored, and the risk of mildew is greatly reduced, so that the aim of storing the hay can be achieved. However, the leaves of the pasture are easy to fall off when the pasture is bundled at low moisture, and the pasture leaves are faster than stems and easy to rub and break, so the loss rate of the leaves is greatly improved when the pasture is stored at low moisture. The high-moisture hay preservation can effectively reduce the mechanical loss of the hay, shorten the airing time, better preserve the nutrient components, and the leaves contain higher nutrient components in the whole hay. However, when stored at high moisture, the growth of mold in the hay can be caused, the temperature in the bales can be rapidly increased, thermal damage can occur, and the quality of the hay can be seriously reduced.

Therefore, when preparing the natural pasture grass hay, the use of the mildew-proof additive in the high-moisture pasture grass preservation becomes a hotspot of researches of scholars at home and abroad at present in order to not only preserve the content of leaves in the hay to the maximum extent, but also prevent mildew and effectively improve the storage quality of the hay. The pasture grass mildew-proof additive is various in types, mainly comprises chemical preparations such as organic acids, organic acid salts, ammonium compounds, urea and the like, in recent years, the research on natural preparations and compound preparations is gradually increased, and the research and development of the pasture grass mildew-proof additive are developed towards the directions of convenience, high quality, high efficiency, low cost, no toxic or side effect and no residue.

However, in order to integrate the advantages of different mildew-proof components and achieve better mildew-proof effect, attempts of compounding mildew-proof additives are gradually increased, and a novel, safe, environment-friendly and good-bacteriostatic-effect compound mildew-proof agent is urgently needed.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the mildew preventive suitable for storing the high-moisture natural pasture and the preparation method thereof, the mildew preventive takes plant source natural substances as main materials, the synergistic bacteriostasis and disinsection effects of the plant source natural substances are fully utilized, the high-efficiency mildew preventive effect is realized, the storage requirement of the high-moisture natural pasture can be met, and meanwhile, the natural pasture can be ensured to have good quality.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme that the mildew preventive suitable for storing the high-moisture natural pasture comprises the following components in parts by mass: 10-80 parts of cinnamon, 10-80 parts of dried orange peel, 10-80 parts of eucommia bark and 10-80 parts of giant knotweed rhizome.

Preferably, the cinnamon, the dried orange peel, the eucommia bark and the giant knotweed rhizome are powder, and the preparation method comprises the steps of drying and crushing the cinnamon, the dried orange peel, the eucommia bark and the giant knotweed rhizome, and sieving the crushed cinnamon, the dried orange peel, the dried eucommia bark and the giant knotweed rhizome by a 100-mesh sieve to prepare the Chinese medicinal composition;

preferably, the cinnamon is 15-60 parts, more preferably, 25-50 parts, more preferably, 35-45 parts by mass;

preferably, the mass part of the dried orange peel is 20-60 parts, more preferably, 25-40 parts;

preferably, the mass part of the eucommia ulmoides is 20-65 parts, more preferably, 20-40 parts, more preferably, 25-35 parts;

preferably, the weight portion of the giant knotweed rhizome is 20 to 70 portions, more preferably 35 to 50 portions;

preferably, the mildew preventive contains 20-50 parts of auxiliary additive, the auxiliary additive is one or more of calcium oxide, zeolite, diatomite and attapulgite, and the particle size of the auxiliary additive is 400-600 μm.

The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the mildew preventive suitable for storing the high-moisture natural pasture.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for applying a mold preventive suitable for storage of high-moisture natural pasture, which sprays the mold preventive to natural pasture having a water content of 20 to 30% in an amount of 0.5 to 3kg per ton of natural pasture.

Preferably, 1-2kg of the natural pasture is uniformly sprayed per ton.

The common flora of the natural grass mildew comprises aflatoxin, zearalenone, vomitoxin, fumonisin, T-2 toxin, ochratoxin and the like, and various floras have synergistic effect and can generate antagonistic effect on a single mildew preventive so that the mildew preventive effect is low, so that the adoption of the composite mildew preventive is a future research trend. The mildew preventive prepared by the invention selects cinnamon, dried orange peel, eucommia bark and giant knotweed rhizome, and can better inhibit the mildew of natural pasture grass through the synergistic interaction of the four plant-derived natural substances. Meanwhile, natural mineral substances such as calcium oxide, zeolite, diatomite, attapulgite and the like are optionally added, so that residual moisture in the pasture can be better adsorbed, fungus bodies and toxins thereof can be adsorbed, mineral nutrition in the pasture can be increased, and the components are combined together, so that the special mildew-proof antibacterial effect on the natural pasture is better.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. green, the security is high, has high antibacterial effect: the mildew preventive provided by the invention mainly takes plant source natural substances including cinnamon, dried orange peel, eucommia bark and giant knotweed rhizome as main materials, is particularly suitable for storing natural pasture with high moisture content, is small in application amount, high in bacteriostatic effect, green and environment-friendly, and cannot cause adverse effects on livestock bodies.

2. The natural pasture after storage has better nutrition quality: the mildew preventive provided by the invention has cross synergy of multiple bacteriostatic principles, for example, permeation and interference of various molecules to microbial cells and physical adsorption of moisture and fungi, and compared with other mildew preventives, the mildew preventive can effectively reduce the quantity of the mildew and the activity of the mildew, so that more crude protein, soluble sugar and other nutritional ingredients of natural pasture can be reserved in the storage process, and the defect of mineral elements of the natural pasture can be made up by applying mineral substances.

Meanwhile, after the high-moisture natural pasture grass is applied with the mildew preventive disclosed by the invention and stored for a long time (for example, 60 days), the mildew is not easy to occur, and the good application quality can be kept.

3. Enhancing the immunity of livestock: the botanical ingredients of cinnamon, dried orange peel, eucommia bark and giant knotweed rhizome used in the natural pasture mildew preventive also have the function of enhancing the immunity of animals.

4. High quality, low price, green and safety: the mildew preventive disclosed by the invention is simple in preparation method, low in cost, high in benefit, free of side effect, more green and safer, and therefore, the mildew preventive is suitable for large-scale popularization and application.

Detailed Description

For a further understanding of the invention, reference will now be made to the preferred embodiments of the present invention by way of example, and it is to be understood that the description is intended to further illustrate features and advantages of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the claims which follow. All of the starting materials of the present invention, without particular limitation as to their source, may be purchased commercially or prepared according to conventional methods well known to those skilled in the art.

1. Preparation of natural grass sample

Cutting, drying and bundling natural pasture in Dongdong pasture, controlling water content of the pasture to be about 25%, weight of each pasture to be 30KG and density to be 100Kg/m³。

2. Preparation of mould samples

Adding 25g of moldy pasture into 225ml of sterilized normal saline, oscillating for 30min, placing 10ml of the liquid into a test tube, and repeatedly purging to disperse mold spores. Then, 1ml of the above dilution was added to 9ml of sterilized normal saline and mixed thoroughly, and 1ml of the above dilution was added to 99ml of sterilized normal saline and mixed thoroughly to obtain 1:10000 of a dilution with mold (the number of mold colonies contained in this dilution per ml was approximately 100) for future use.

3. Bacteriostasis experiment with mildew preventive

Weighing 1g of mildew preventive, adding 100ml of sterilized normal saline, uniformly dispersing, removing 1ml of the dispersion, placing in a dish with 1ml of mould spore solution, and uniformly shaking.

Each mildewcide sample was made in duplicate. Injecting 15ml-20ml of sterilized high-salinity Chaochi culture medium cooled to about 45 ℃ into each plate, mixing well, pouring into an incubator at 25-30 ℃ after agar is solidified, observing every day, recording the number of colonies, and culturing and observing for 5 d. Two blanks containing 1ml of mold without the addition of the mold inhibitor were run for each sample. The number of mould colonies of the plate added with various mildewproof agents is compared with the number of mould colonies of the plate containing 1ml of mould without the mildewproof agent, and the bacteriostasis rate of each treatment is calculated, wherein the bacteriostasis rate is the number of mould colonies of a treatment group/the number of mould colonies of a blank group multiplied by 100 percent.

Wherein, the results of the bacteriostasis experiments of the mildewcide with various proportions are shown in table 1.

Table 1:

as can be seen from the data in table 1, the bacteriostatic rates of nos. 2, 4 and 6 are higher than those of the other groups and than that of the control group, and the three treatment groups are named as the results of the primary screening as a1, a2 and A3, respectively, and the final screening results are shown in table 2:

table 2:

numbering	Cinnamon (g)	Dried orange peel (g)	Eucommia ulmoides (g)	Giant knotweed rhizome (g)
					A1	60	60	15	15
A2	60	15	30	60
					A3	30	60	60	60

4. Tests A1, A2 and A3 show that the antibacterial performance of the antibacterial agent on different moulds

According to the antibacterial performance of related test standards A1, A2 and A3 on different moulds, the test flora comprises aflatoxin, zearalenone, vomitoxin, fumonisin, T-2 toxin and ochratoxin, and specific results are shown in Table 3.

TABLE 3

As can be seen from the results in Table 3, the mildewcide prepared from A1, A2 and A3 has good bacteriostatic effect on aflatoxin, zearalenone, vomitoxin, fumonisin, T-2 toxin and ochratoxin.

5. Screening experiment of mildew preventive addition content

Spraying the mildew preventive with numbers A1, A2 and A3 on natural grass bales with water content of about 25% according to the mass of 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3% of the natural grass, testing the crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, crude fat, dry matter and crude ash change of the natural grass after 60 days of storage by taking the natural grass bales without the mildew preventive as a blank control,

wherein, the example numbers are shown in Table 4:

TABLE 4

Among them, the experimental results after 60 days of storage are shown in table 5:

TABLE 5

As can be seen from the table 5, after 60 days of storage, the nutrient components of the natural pasture grass added with the mildew preventive are less consumed than the natural pasture grass without the mildew preventive, and the nutrient components of the natural pasture grass are effectively reserved, so that the nutrient components of the pasture grass are kept at a relatively stable level. Meanwhile, it can be seen that when the addition amount of the mildew preventive is 0.2%, the retention effect of the nutrient substances is the best.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.