Method for adding alloy elements for hot galvanizing of steel

文档序号：128737 发布日期：2021-10-22 浏览：39次中文

阅读说明：本技术 一种钢铁热镀锌用合金元素添加方法 (Method for adding alloy elements for hot galvanizing of steel ) 是由李世伟李晋健龙海林尹少华于 2021-06-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种钢铁热镀锌用合金元素添加方法,涉及冶金工程技术领域。本发明包括以下步骤：S1：将Al材、Ni材、Bi材、La材、Ce材和Zn材进行批量粉碎,粉碎后按重量配比进行称重；S2：熔炼Zn-Ni中间合金；S3：熔炼Al-Ni中间合金；S4：熔炼Zn-Al-稀土中间合金；S5：制备多元合金锭,将剩余的Zn材粉加入中频炉内,升温至500～550℃,熔化成锌液,将Zn-Ni中间合金和Al-Ni中间合金同时加入中频炉内,升温至650～750℃,保温20～30min,之后充分搅拌。本发明采用金属锭与中间合金的方式熔炼多元合金,该方法充分利用中间合金熔点低的特点,大幅缩短中间合金的熔炼时间,减少易氧化元素的氧化烧损,提高金属收得率,提高生产效率。(The invention discloses an alloy element adding method for steel hot galvanizing, and relates to the technical field of metallurgical engineering. The invention comprises the following steps: s1: crushing an Al material, a Ni material, a Bi material, a La material, a Ce material and a Zn material in batches, and weighing according to the weight ratio after crushing; s2: smelting a Zn-Ni intermediate alloy; s3: smelting an Al-Ni intermediate alloy; s4: smelting a Zn-Al-rare earth intermediate alloy; s5: preparing a multi-element alloy ingot, adding the rest Zn material powder into an intermediate frequency furnace, heating to 500-550 ℃, melting into a zinc liquid, adding a Zn-Ni intermediate alloy and an Al-Ni intermediate alloy into the intermediate frequency furnace simultaneously, heating to 650-750 ℃, preserving heat for 20-30 min, and then fully stirring. The method adopts a mode of metal ingots and intermediate alloys to smelt the multi-element alloys, and fully utilizes the characteristic of low melting point of the intermediate alloys, thereby greatly shortening the smelting time of the intermediate alloys, reducing the oxidation burning loss of easily-oxidizable elements, improving the metal yield and improving the production efficiency.)

1. An alloy element adding method for steel hot galvanizing is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

s1: crushing an Al material, a Ni material, a Bi material, a La material, a Ce material and a Zn material in batches, and weighing 100kg of Al material powder, 10kg of Ni material powder, 15kg of Bi material powder, 5kg of La material powder, 5kg of Ce material powder and 865kg of Zn material powder respectively after crushing;

s2: smelting a Zn-Ni intermediate alloy;

s3: smelting an Al-Ni intermediate alloy;

s4: smelting a Zn-Al-rare earth intermediate alloy;

s5: preparing a multi-element alloy ingot, adding the rest Zn material powder into an intermediate frequency furnace, heating to 500-550 ℃, melting into a zinc liquid, adding a Zn-Ni intermediate alloy and an Al-Ni intermediate alloy into the intermediate frequency furnace simultaneously, heating to 650-750 ℃, preserving heat for 20-30 min, then fully stirring, adding 15kg of Bi material powder and the Zn-Al-rare earth intermediate alloy into the intermediate frequency furnace simultaneously, heating to 700-750 ℃, preserving heat for 20-30 min, skimming slag, and casting into the multi-element alloy ingot in a cast iron mold;

s6: putting a multi-element alloy ingot into a hot-dip coating tank;

s7: pickling the steel part to be galvanized to remove iron oxide on the surface of the steel part, cleaning the steel part in an ammonium chloride aqueous solution tank after pickling, and then sending the steel part into a hot-dip galvanizing tank for hot galvanizing of steel.

2. The method for adding alloying elements for hot dip galvanizing steel and iron as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Bi material and the Zn material are each crushed to a size of 80 to 100 mesh, and the Al material, the Ni material, the Mg material, the La material and the Ce material are each crushed to a size of 200 to 400 mesh.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the multi-element alloy ingot comprises, by mass, Al10 + 2%, Ni1 + 0.1%, Bi1.5 + 0.15%, La0.5%, Ce0.5%, and the balance Zn.

4. The method for adding the alloy elements for hot galvanizing of steel and iron according to claim 1, wherein the step of smelting the Zn-Ni master alloy in S2 comprises the following steps:

s21: adding 100kg of Zn material powder into the intermediate frequency furnace, and heating to 450-500 ℃;

s22: after the Zn material powder is completely melted, adding 2kgNi material powder into an intermediate frequency furnace, rapidly dissolving the Ni material powder into the zinc liquid under the electromagnetic force stirring, and preserving the heat for 20-30 min;

s23: then adding 2kgNi material powder into the intermediate frequency furnace, rapidly dissolving the Ni material powder into the zinc liquid under electromagnetic force stirring, heating to 600-650 ℃, fully stirring after the nickel is completely melted, and preserving heat for 20-30 min;

s24: slagging off and then casting ingots in a metal mold.

5. The method for adding the alloy element for hot galvanizing of steel and iron according to claim 1, wherein the Al-Ni master alloy is smelted in S3 by the following specific steps:

s31: adding 50kg of Al material powder into the intermediate frequency furnace, and heating to 800-820 ℃;

s32: after Al material powder is completely melted, adding 3kg of Ni material powder into an intermediate frequency furnace, rapidly dissolving the Ni material powder into aluminum liquid under the stirring of electromagnetic force, and preserving heat for 20-30 min;

s33: then adding 3kgNi material powder into the intermediate frequency furnace, rapidly dissolving the Ni material powder into the aluminum liquid under the electromagnetic stirring, heating to 850-900 ℃, fully stirring after the nickel is completely melted, and keeping the temperature for 40-50 min;

s34: slagging off and then casting ingots in a metal mold.

6. The method for adding the alloy elements for hot galvanizing of steel and iron according to claim 1, wherein the step of smelting the Zn-Al-rare earth master alloy in the S4 comprises the following steps:

s41: adding 50kg of Zn material powder into the intermediate frequency furnace, and heating to 450-500 ℃;

s42: after the Zn material powder is completely melted, adding 50kg of Al material powder into an intermediate frequency furnace, and heating to 650-700 ℃;

s43: after Al material powder is completely melted, respectively adding 5kg of La material powder and 5kg of Ce material powder into an intermediate frequency furnace, rapidly dissolving the La material powder and the Ce material powder into molten zinc-aluminum under the stirring of electromagnetic force, heating to 750-800 ℃, and preserving heat for 50-60 min;

s44: slagging off and then casting ingots in a metal mold.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the single multi-alloy ingot cast in S5 has a weight of 10 ± 0.5 kg.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of metallurgical engineering, and particularly relates to an alloy element adding method for steel hot galvanizing.

Background

The hot dip galvanizing is one of the most effective means for delaying the environmental corrosion of steel materials, and is to dip the steel products with their surfaces cleaned and activated into molten zinc liquid, and to plate a zinc alloy coating with good adhesion on the steel products through the reaction and diffusion between iron and zinc.

In order to improve the corrosion resistance, thickness uniformity and brightness of galvanizing in the hot galvanizing process, a plurality of alloy elements such as aluminum, bismuth, nickel, lanthanum and the like are often added into zinc liquid, and most of the alloys sold in the market are binary alloys such as Zn-Al, Zn-Ni, Zn-Bi and Zn-La alloys. Hot galvanizing enterprises need to purchase various alloys, the occupation amount of mobile capital is large, and the operation cost of the enterprises is high. In addition, in the hot galvanizing process, four alloys need to be added, which causes difficulty in production control, and the production needs to be stopped when the alloys are added, which causes reduction in hot galvanizing productivity. The production of the quinary alloy Zn-Al-Ni-Bi-RE is the main approach to solve the above problems. In the process of smelting multi-element alloy, the method of once smelting (that is, all elements are melted in a smelting furnace by using simple substance metal) is limited, and firstly, the melting point difference of various metals is large: the melting point of Zn was 419 ℃, the melting point of Al was 660.3 ℃, the melting point of Bi was 271.3 ℃, the melting point of La was 919 ℃, and the melting point of Ni was 1455 ℃. If the smelting temperature is low, metals of all alloy elements are sequentially added in the smelting process, the melting speed of high-melting-point metals such as nickel and lanthanum is low, the smelting period of the alloy is long, the production efficiency is low, the alloy liquid is seriously oxidized, if high-temperature smelting is adopted in the smelting process, zinc is volatile and oxidized, rare earth elements are easily oxidized, the burning loss of all components is large, the metal yield is low, the chemical composition stability is poor, and the difficulty in the alloy production process is large.

In view of the above problems, the existing methods for adding elements to hot dip galvanized alloys cannot meet the requirements in practical use, so that improved techniques are urgently needed in the market to solve the above problems.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an alloy element adding method for steel hot galvanizing, which adopts a metal ingot and an intermediate alloy mode to smelt a multi-element alloy, the multi-element alloy ingot has low melting point, quick dissolution and stable yield.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

the invention relates to an alloy element adding method for steel hot galvanizing, which comprises the following steps:

s2: smelting a Zn-Ni intermediate alloy;

s3: smelting an Al-Ni intermediate alloy;

s4: smelting a Zn-Al-rare earth intermediate alloy;

s6: putting a multi-element alloy ingot into a hot-dip coating tank;

Furthermore, the Bi material and the Zn material are crushed into 80-100 meshes, and the Al material, the Ni material, the Mg material, the La material and the Ce material are crushed into 200-400 meshes.

Furthermore, the multi-element alloy ingot comprises, by mass, Al10 +/-2%, Ni1 +/-0.1%, Bi1.5 +/-0.15%, La0.5%, Ce0.5% and the balance of Zn.

Further, the specific steps of smelting the Zn-Ni master alloy in the S2 are as follows:

s21: adding 100kg of Zn material powder into the intermediate frequency furnace, and heating to 450-500 ℃;

s24: slagging off and then casting ingots in a metal mold.

Further, the Al-Ni master alloy smelting step in S3 comprises the following specific steps:

s31: adding 50kg of Al material powder into the intermediate frequency furnace, and heating to 800-820 ℃;

s34: slagging off and then casting ingots in a metal mold.

Further, the specific steps of smelting the Zn-Al-rare earth master alloy in the S4 are as follows:

s41: adding 50kg of Zn material powder into the intermediate frequency furnace, and heating to 450-500 ℃;

s42: after the Zn material powder is completely melted, adding 50kg of Al material powder into an intermediate frequency furnace, and heating to 650-700 ℃;

s44: slagging off and then casting ingots in a metal mold.

Further, the weight of the single multi-alloy ingot cast in S5 is 10 ± 0.5 kg.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. the alloy element adding process adopts a metal ingot and an intermediate alloy mode to smelt the multi-element alloy, the multi-element alloy ingot has low melting point, quick dissolution and stable yield, the method fully utilizes the characteristic of low melting point of the intermediate alloy, greatly shortens the smelting time of the intermediate alloy, reduces the oxidation burning loss of easily-oxidizable elements, improves the metal yield, improves the production efficiency, and solves the problems of easy burning loss of simple metal substances, difficult melting of high melting point, high density, easy segregation and the like.

2. The invention can reduce the oxidation of the zinc liquid and increase the brightness of the plating layer by adding aluminum, can improve the fluidity of the zinc liquid, reduce the sagging of the plated piece, improve the evenness of the plating layer and improve the surface gloss of the plated piece by adding nickel, can reduce the surface tension of the zinc liquid by adding rare earth alloy elements lanthanum and cerium, improve the wettability to the steel surface, reduce the plating leakage, is beneficial to preventing the zinc nodules from being generated on the plating layer, can improve the corrosion resistance of the plating layer, can obviously reduce the surface tension of the zinc liquid by adding bismuth, improve the wettability to the steel surface, is beneficial to obtaining a smooth plating layer, and increases the reflux quantity of the zinc liquid when the plated piece leaves a zinc pot, so the thickness of a pure zinc layer can be reduced, the zinc consumption is reduced, various alloy elements are matched with each other, and the performance of a steel hot-dip zinc coating is greatly improved.

Of course, it is not necessary for any product in which the invention is practiced to achieve all of the above-described advantages at the same time.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic process flow diagram of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

Example 1

Referring to fig. 1, the present invention is a method for adding alloy elements for hot galvanizing steel, comprising the following steps (in terms of furnace amount 1000 kg):

s1: crushing Al materials, Ni materials, Bi materials, La materials, Ce materials and Zn materials in batches, wherein the crushing specifications of the Bi materials and the Zn materials are 80-100 meshes, the crushing specifications of the Al materials, the Ni materials, the Mg materials, the La materials and the Ce materials are 200-400 meshes, after crushing, 100kg of Al material powder, 10kg of Ni material powder, 15kg of Bi material powder, 5kg of La material powder, 5kg of Ce material powder and 865kg of Zn material powder are respectively weighed, and the multi-element alloy ingot comprises the following components in percentage by mass of Al10 +/-2%, Ni1 +/-0.1%, Bi1.5 +/-0.15%, La0.5% and Ce0.5%, and the balance of Zn;

s2: smelting a Zn-Ni intermediate alloy;

the specific steps for smelting the Zn-Ni intermediate alloy are as follows:

s21: adding 100kg of Zn material powder into the intermediate frequency furnace, and heating to 450 ℃;

s23: then adding 2kgNi material powder into an intermediate frequency furnace, rapidly dissolving the Ni material powder into a zinc liquid under electromagnetic force stirring, heating to 600 ℃, fully stirring after nickel is completely melted, and preserving heat for 20 min;

s24: slagging off, and then casting ingots in a metal mold;

s3: smelting an Al-Ni intermediate alloy;

the specific steps for smelting the Al-Ni intermediate alloy are as follows:

s31: adding 50kg of Al material powder into the intermediate frequency furnace, and heating to 800 ℃;

s32: after Al material powder is completely melted, adding 3kg of Ni material powder into the intermediate frequency furnace, rapidly dissolving the Ni material powder into the aluminum liquid under the stirring of electromagnetic force, and preserving heat for 20 min;

s33: then adding 3kgNi material powder into the intermediate frequency furnace, rapidly dissolving the Ni material powder into the aluminum liquid under the stirring of electromagnetic force, heating to 850 ℃, fully stirring after the nickel is completely melted, and keeping the temperature for 40 min;

s34: slagging off, and then casting ingots in a metal mold;

s4: smelting a Zn-Al-rare earth intermediate alloy;

the specific steps for smelting the Zn-Al-rare earth intermediate alloy are as follows:

s41: adding 50kg of Zn material powder into the intermediate frequency furnace, and heating to 450 ℃;

s42: after the Zn material powder is completely melted, adding 50kg of Al material powder into an intermediate frequency furnace, and heating to 650 ℃;

s43: after Al material powder is completely melted, respectively adding 5kg of La material powder and 5kg of Ce material powder into the intermediate frequency furnace, rapidly dissolving the La material powder and the Ce material powder into the molten zinc-aluminum under the stirring of electromagnetic force, heating to 750 ℃, and preserving heat for 50 min;

s44: slagging off, and then casting ingots in a metal mold;

s5: preparing a multi-element alloy ingot, adding the rest Zn material powder into an intermediate frequency furnace, heating to 500 ℃, melting into a zinc liquid, adding a Zn-Ni intermediate alloy and an Al-Ni intermediate alloy into the intermediate frequency furnace simultaneously, heating to 650 ℃, preserving heat for 20min, then fully stirring, adding 15kg of Bi material powder and a Zn-Al-rare earth intermediate alloy into the intermediate frequency furnace simultaneously, heating to 700 ℃, preserving heat for 20min, skimming, and then casting into a multi-element alloy ingot in a cast iron mold, wherein the weight of a single multi-element alloy ingot is 10 +/-0.5 kg;

s6: putting a multi-element alloy ingot into a hot-dip coating tank;

Example 2

Referring to fig. 1, the present invention is a method for adding alloy elements for hot galvanizing steel, comprising the following steps (in terms of furnace amount 1000 kg):

s2: smelting a Zn-Ni intermediate alloy;

the specific steps for smelting the Zn-Ni intermediate alloy are as follows:

s21: adding 100kg of Zn material powder into the intermediate frequency furnace, and heating to 475 ℃;

s23: then adding 2kgNi material powder into the intermediate frequency furnace, rapidly dissolving the Ni material powder into the zinc liquid under electromagnetic force stirring, heating to 625 ℃, fully stirring after the nickel is completely melted, and keeping the temperature for 25 min;

s24: slagging off, and then casting ingots in a metal mold;

s3: smelting an Al-Ni intermediate alloy;

the specific steps for smelting the Al-Ni intermediate alloy are as follows:

s31: adding 50kg of Al material powder into the intermediate frequency furnace, and heating to 810 ℃;

s33: then adding 3kg of Ni material powder into the intermediate frequency furnace, rapidly dissolving the Ni material powder into the aluminum liquid under the stirring of electromagnetic force, heating to 875 ℃, fully stirring after the nickel is completely melted, and keeping the temperature for 45 min;

s34: slagging off, and then casting ingots in a metal mold;

s4: smelting a Zn-Al-rare earth intermediate alloy;

the specific steps for smelting the Zn-Al-rare earth intermediate alloy are as follows:

s41: adding 50kg of Zn material powder into the intermediate frequency furnace, and heating to 475 ℃;

s42: after the Zn material powder is completely melted, adding 50kg of Al material powder into an intermediate frequency furnace, and heating to 675 ℃;

s44: slagging off, and then casting ingots in a metal mold;

s5: preparing a multi-element alloy ingot, adding the rest Zn material powder into an intermediate frequency furnace, heating to 525 ℃, melting into a zinc liquid, adding a Zn-Ni intermediate alloy and an Al-Ni intermediate alloy into the intermediate frequency furnace simultaneously, heating to 700 ℃, keeping the temperature for 25min, then fully stirring, adding 15kg of Bi material powder and the Zn-Al-rare earth intermediate alloy into the intermediate frequency furnace simultaneously, heating to 725 ℃, keeping the temperature for 25min, skimming, and then casting into the multi-element alloy ingot in a cast iron mold, wherein the weight of a single multi-element alloy ingot is 10 +/-0.5 kg;

s6: putting a multi-element alloy ingot into a hot-dip coating tank;

Example 3

Referring to fig. 1, the present invention is a method for adding alloy elements for hot galvanizing steel, comprising the following steps (in terms of furnace amount 1000 kg):

s2: smelting a Zn-Ni intermediate alloy;

the specific steps for smelting the Zn-Ni intermediate alloy are as follows:

s21: adding 100kg of Zn material powder into the intermediate frequency furnace, and heating to 500 ℃;

s23: then adding 2kgNi material powder into an intermediate frequency furnace, rapidly dissolving the Ni material powder into a zinc liquid under electromagnetic force stirring, heating to 650 ℃, fully stirring after nickel is completely melted, and preserving heat for 30 min;

s24: slagging off, and then casting ingots in a metal mold;

s3: smelting an Al-Ni intermediate alloy;

the specific steps for smelting the Al-Ni intermediate alloy are as follows:

s31: adding 50kg of Al material powder into the intermediate frequency furnace, and heating to 820 ℃;

s33: then adding 3kgNi material powder into the intermediate frequency furnace, rapidly dissolving the Ni material powder into the aluminum liquid under the stirring of electromagnetic force, heating to 900 ℃, fully stirring after the nickel is completely melted, and keeping the temperature for 50 min;

s34: slagging off, and then casting ingots in a metal mold;

s4: smelting a Zn-Al-rare earth intermediate alloy;

the specific steps for smelting the Zn-Al-rare earth intermediate alloy are as follows:

s41: adding 50kg of Zn material powder into the intermediate frequency furnace, and heating to 500 ℃;

s42: after the Zn material powder is completely melted, adding 50kg of Al material powder into an intermediate frequency furnace, and heating to 700 ℃;

s44: slagging off, and then casting ingots in a metal mold;

s5: preparing a multi-element alloy ingot, adding the rest Zn material powder into an intermediate frequency furnace, heating to 550 ℃, melting into a zinc liquid, adding a Zn-Ni intermediate alloy and an Al-Ni intermediate alloy into the intermediate frequency furnace simultaneously, heating to 750 ℃, preserving heat for 30min, then fully stirring, adding 15kg of Bi material powder and a Zn-Al-rare earth intermediate alloy into the intermediate frequency furnace simultaneously, heating to 750 ℃, preserving heat for 30min, removing slag, and casting into a multi-element alloy ingot in a cast iron mold, wherein the weight of a single multi-element alloy ingot is 10 +/-0.5 kg;

s6: putting a multi-element alloy ingot into a hot-dip coating tank;

The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made to the technical solutions described in the above embodiments, and to some of the technical features thereof, are included in the scope of the present invention.

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