Connection using geographic telephone numbers
阅读说明:本技术 使用地理电话号码的连接 (Connection using geographic telephone numbers ) 是由 A·A·哈桑 D·M·哈利 R·A·佩纳尔 于 2018-05-23 设计创作,主要内容包括:描述了使用地理电话号码进行连接的技术。根据各种实现方式,在本文中所描述的技术使得能够施行与使用不同位置处的电话号码有关的各种策略。例如,在本文中所描述的技术使得在地理电话号码的允许地理区域的外部的客户端设备能够使用非地理电话号码来连接呼叫,同时使用地理电话号码对所述呼叫进行路由。(Techniques for connecting using geographic telephone numbers are described. According to various implementations, the techniques described herein enable enforcement of various policies related to using telephone numbers at different locations. For example, techniques described herein enable a client device outside of an allowed geographic area of geographic phone numbers to connect calls using non-geographic phone numbers while routing the calls using geographic phone numbers.)
1. A system for connecting a call between a client device and a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) device, the system comprising:
at least one processor; and
one or more computer-readable storage media comprising instructions stored thereon that, in response to execution by the at least one processor, cause the system to perform operations comprising:
receiving a request to connect a call from a client device to a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) device;
determining whether a current location of the client device is an allowed location using a geographic number assigned to the client device; and
performing an action based on the determination, the action comprising one of:
based on determining that the current location of the client device is an allowed location using the geographic number, causing the call to be connected between the PSTN device and the client device using the geographic number; or
Causing the call to be connected between the PSTN device and the client device using an alternate number and the geographic number based on determining that the current location of the client device is not an allowed location using the geographic number.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the request comprises an Internet Protocol (IP) communication comprising one or more of: an identifier of the client device or a location of the client device.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the substitute number comprises a non-geographic number.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the determining comprises querying a call policy that specifies one or more geographic locations allowed to use the geographic number.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the determining comprises querying a call policy that specifies one or more geographic locations allowed to use the geographic number, and wherein the call policy is based at least in part on a regulatory policy applied to one or more portions of the geographic number.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein the determining comprises:
transmitting a query to a remote service including a location of the client device; and
receiving a query response indicating whether the current location is an allowed location using the geographic number.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein the determining comprises: determining that the current location of the client device is an allowed location using the geographic number, and the actions include: causing the call to be connected between the PSTN device and the client device using the geographic number, comprising:
routing call media from the client device to a PSTN network using the geographic number; and
receiving media of a call from the PSTN device routed using the geographic number.
8. The system of claim 1, wherein the determining comprises: determining that the current location of the client device is an allowed location using the geographic number, and the actions include: causing the call to be connected between the PSTN device and the client device using the geographic number, comprising:
routing call media from the client device to a PSTN network using the geographic number;
receiving call media from the PSTN device routed using the geographic number; and
forwarding the call media received from the PSTN device to the client device via an Internet Protocol (IP) communication.
9. The system of claim 1, wherein the determining comprises: determining that the current location of the client device is not an allowed location using the geographic number, and the actions include: causing the call to be connected between the PSTN device and the client device using the surrogate number and the geographic number, comprising:
routing call media from the client device to a PSTN network using the surrogate number; and
receiving media of a call from the PSTN device routed using the alternate number.
10. The system of claim 1, wherein the determining comprises: determining that the current location of the client device is not an allowed location using the geographic number, and the actions include: causing the call to be connected between the PSTN device and the client device using the surrogate number and the geographic number, comprising:
routing call media from the client device to a PSTN network using the surrogate number;
receiving call media from the PSTN device routed using the alternate number; and
forwarding the call media received from the PSTN device to the client device via an Internet Protocol (IP) communication.
11. A computer-implemented method for connecting a call between a client device and a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) device, the method comprising:
receiving a call request from a non-geographic number to connect a client device to a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) device;
mapping the non-geographic number to a geographic number associated with the client device; and
connecting the call to the PSTN device as originating from the geographic number.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the mapping comprises querying a database to identify a user profile, the user profile comprising the non-geographic number and the geographic number.
13. The method of claim 11, wherein the mapping comprises:
confirming that the non-geographic number is associated with an account for a telecommunication service;
transmitting a query to the communication service identifying the account; and
receiving the geographic number from the communication service.
14. The method of claim 11, wherein the call request is received from a communication service, and wherein the method further comprises:
receiving call media from the communication service addressed using the non-geographic number; and
forwarding the call media to the PSTN device as originating from the geographic number.
15. The method of claim 11, wherein the call request is received from a communication service, and wherein the method further comprises:
receiving call media from the PSTN device addressed to the geographic number; and
forwarding the call media to the communication service addressed using the non-geographic number.
Background
Today's mobile devices provide a great number of portable functions for users. For example, smart phones, tablets, laptops, etc., enable users to perform a variety of different tasks without being tied to a particular location. The ability to conduct various types of communications in a mobile scenario is particularly useful. For example, mobile devices often include functionality for communicating different types of communications with other devices and/or services, such as voice calls, video calls, messaging, and so forth. Thus, a user may utilize a mobile device to communicate with other users via a variety of different communication modes.
While mobile devices enable communication in a variety of scenarios, there are challenges to continually enable users to communicate via a particular device as they move between geographic locations.
Disclosure of Invention
This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.
Techniques for connecting using geographic telephone numbers are described. According to various implementations, the techniques described herein enable enforcement of various policies related to the use of telephone numbers at different locations. For example, the techniques described herein enable a client device outside of an allowed geographic area of geographic phone numbers to connect a call using a non-geographic phone number, while routing the call using the geographic phone number.
Drawings
The detailed description is described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, the left-most digit(s) of a reference number identifies the drawing in which the reference number first appears. The use of the same reference numbers in different instances in the description and the figures may indicate similar or identical items.
FIG. 1 is an illustration of an environment in an exemplary implementation that is operable to employ techniques described herein.
Fig. 2 depicts an exemplary implementation scenario for connecting a call between a client device and a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) device in accordance with one or more implementations.
Fig. 3 depicts an exemplary implementation scenario for connecting a call between a client device and a PSTN device in accordance with one or more implementations.
Fig. 4 is a flow diagram that describes steps in a method for connecting at least a portion of a call using a geographic number in accordance with one or more implementations.
Fig. 5 is a flow diagram that describes steps in a method for connecting a call using a non-geographic number and a geographic number in accordance with one or more implementations.
Fig. 6 is a flow diagram that describes steps in a method for connecting a call from a PSTN device using a geographic number and a non-geographic number in accordance with one or more implementations.
Fig. 7 is a flow diagram that describes steps in a method for obtaining information related to a connected call in accordance with one or more implementations.
Fig. 8 illustrates an exemplary system and computing device described with reference to fig. 1 configured to implement implementations of the techniques described herein.
Detailed Description
Techniques for connecting using geographic telephone numbers are described. In general, a telephone number refers to a set of characters that can be used to initiate communication with a particular resource. According to various implementations, the techniques described herein enable enforcement of various policies related to using telephone numbers at different locations. For example, a particular regulatory policy may specify that certain geographically specific telephone numbers (e.g., numbers with a particular area code) are not allowed to be used outside of a defined geographic area. Thus, techniques for connecting using a geographic telephone number enable client devices located outside of an allowed geographic area of the geographic telephone number to connect calls using non-geographic telephone numbers, while routing the calls using the geographic telephone number.
The use of the term "telephone number" herein should not be construed as limiting, and it should be appreciated that "telephone number" may refer to any string of characters, numbers, and/or text that may be used to participate in the exchange of communication media across a network and between different devices. In at least some implementations, the telephone number represents a number that can be used to route calls between an Internet Protocol (IP) network and a public switched telephone network ("PSTN").
In the discussion that follows, an exemplary environment is first described that is operable to employ the techniques described herein. Next, some exemplary scenarios for connecting using a geographic phone number are described in accordance with one or more implementations. Some example flows are described hereinafter in accordance with one or more implementations. Finally, exemplary systems and devices operable to employ the techniques discussed herein are described in accordance with one or more implementations.
Having presented an overview of exemplary implementations in accordance with one or more implementations, consider now an exemplary environment in which exemplary implementations may be employed.
Fig. 1 is an illustration of an
The services network 102 is communicatively connected to a public switched telephone network ("PSTN") 106 to enable communication between client devices 108 and other devices and/or services, such as PSTN device 110. Client device 108 represents an end-user device configured to communicate via serving network 102. The client device 108 may be configured in a variety of ways, such as a wireless cellular telephone (e.g., a smart phone), a tablet computer, a laptop computer, and so on. One exemplary implementation of client device 108 is presented below as computing device 802 of fig. 8.
PSTN device 110 generally represents a telephone-enabled device that is connected, directly or indirectly, to
The client device 108 includes a
The
The client device 108 also includes a
According to various implementations, the location module 124 can communicate with the
According to various implementations, location information can be communicated between the location module 124 and the
In general, the
According to various implementations, based on the current location of the client device 108, the
In addition to or in lieu of the
In at least some implementations, the
According to one or more implementations, instances of call policies 130 can be configured based on information provided by and/or interacted with by
As mentioned above, instances of call policies 130 can be configured based on interactions with
Having described an exemplary environment in which the techniques described herein may operate, consider now some exemplary implementation scenarios for connecting using geographic telephone numbers in accordance with one or more implementations.
Fig. 2 depicts an
In
The
Thus, the
In at least one implementation, PSTN switch 114 is located in a geographic location that allows use of
Typically, calls initiated from PSTN device 110 to client device 108 will be handled in a similar manner. For example, PSTN device 110 will dial
In at least one implementation, PSTN switch 114 can receive the call request from PSTN device 110, can determine that
Thus, the techniques described herein enable connecting calls for the client device 108 using, at least in part, the
In a different exemplary scenario, consider that the client device 108 is located in a geographic area where the use of the
Fig. 3 depicts an
The
The
Further, the session portion 302b represents IP-based communications (e.g., VoIP communications) between the
In implementations where the client device 108 is outside of a geographic area that allows use of the
Accordingly, the techniques described herein enable using location information of a communication endpoint (e.g., client device 108) to determine whether to use a geographic number or a non-geographic number to connect a call to the communication endpoint. Further, when a portion of a call is connected from an endpoint device using a non-geographic number, the call to the called device can be completed using the geographic number, making the call appear to originate from the geographic number.
Having discussed some example implementation scenarios, consider now a discussion of some example procedures in accordance with one or more implementations.
The following discussion describes some exemplary procedures for connecting using a geographic phone number in accordance with one or more implementations. The example flow may be employed in the
FIG. 4 is a flow diagram that describes steps in a method in accordance with one or more implementations. For example, the method describes an exemplary manner of connecting at least a portion of a call using a geographic number.
Step 400 receives a request to connect a call from a client device to a PSTN device. For example, the
Step 402 determines whether the current location of the client device is an allowed location using a geographic number assigned to the client device. The
If the current location of the client device 108 is an allowed location using the geographic number 136 ("yes"),
If the current location of the client device 108 is not an allowed location using the geographic number 136 ("NO"),
FIG. 5 is a flow diagram that describes steps in a method in accordance with one or more implementations. For example, the method describes an exemplary manner of connecting a call using a non-geographic number and a geographic number.
Step 500 receives a call request from a non-geographic number to connect a client device to a PSTN device. The PSTN manager 112 receives a call request, for example, from the
Step 502 maps the non-geographic number to a geographic number associated with the client device. For example, the PSTN manager 112 queries the
Step 504 connects the call to the PSTN device as originating from a geographic number. The PSTN switch 114 dials the telephone number of the PSTN device, for example, using the
FIG. 6 is a flow diagram that describes steps in a method in accordance with one or more implementations. For example, the method describes an exemplary way of connecting calls from PSTN devices using geographic numbers and non-geographic numbers.
Step 600 receives a call request from a PSTN device to connect a call to a device having a geographic telephone number. PSTN manager 112 receives a call request, for example from PSTN device 110, requesting a connection to
Step 602 maps the geographic telephone number to a user account that includes the geographic telephone number and a non-geographic telephone number. For example, the PSTN manager 112 queries the
Step 604 confirms that the client device for the user account is located in a geographic location that does not allow use of the geographic phone number. For example, the query response mentioned above indicates that the client device 108 is currently located in a geographic location that does not allow call routing using the
Step 606 connects the call to the client device using the non-geographic number and connects the call to the PSTN device using the geographic number. For example, the PSTN switch 114 connects the call to the
FIG. 7 is a flow diagram that describes steps in a method in accordance with one or more implementations. For example, the method describes an exemplary manner for obtaining information related to connecting a call.
Step 700 communicates a query for information related to connecting a call between a client device and a PSTN device. For example, the
Step 702 receives a response including information. For example, the
Thus, the techniques described herein for connecting using geographic telephone numbers enable devices to roam between different locations and engage in telephone communications at the locations, which maintains adherence to various policies governing telephones at different locations. Further, when a device owning a geographic telephone number is outside of a geographic location frame that allows use of the geographic telephone number, the techniques described herein enable both non-geographic telephone numbers and geographic telephone numbers to be used for call routing, thereby maintaining compliance with call policies for the geographic telephone number while another device involved in the call receives call media that is routed using the geographic telephone number.
Having discussed some example flows, consider now a discussion of example systems and devices according to one or more implementations.
Fig. 8 illustrates an exemplary system, generally at 800, that includes an exemplary computing device 802 that represents one or more computing systems and/or devices that may implement the various techniques described herein. For example, the client device 108, the
The exemplary computing device 802 as illustrated includes a
The computer-readable medium 806 is illustrated as including memory/storage 812. Memory/storage 812 represents memory/storage capacity associated with one or more computer-readable media. Memory/storage 812 may include volatile media (such as Random Access Memory (RAM)) and/or nonvolatile media (such as Read Only Memory (ROM), flash memory, optical disks, magnetic disks, and so forth). The memory/storage 812 may include fixed media (e.g., RAM, ROM, a fixed hard drive, etc.) as well as removable media (e.g., flash memory, a removable hard drive, an optical disk, and so forth). The computer-readable medium 806 may be configured in a variety of other ways as further described below.
Input/output interface(s) 808 represent functionality that allows a user to enter commands and information to computing device 802, and also allows information to be presented to the user and/or other components or devices using various input/output devices. Examples of input devices include a keyboard, a cursor control device (e.g., a mouse), a microphone (e.g., for voice recognition and/or voice input), a scanner, touch functionality (e.g., capacitive or other sensors configured to detect physical touch), a camera (e.g., which may employ visible or invisible wavelengths (such as infrared frequencies) to detect motion not involving touch as gestures), and so forth. Examples of output devices include a display device (e.g., a monitor or projector), speakers, a printer, a network card, a haptic response device, and so forth. Accordingly, the computing device 802 may be configured in various ways to support user interaction as described further below.
Various techniques may be described herein in the general context of software, hardware elements, or program modules. Generally, such modules include routines, programs, objects, elements, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The terms "module," "functionality," and "component" as used herein generally represent software, firmware, hardware, or a combination thereof. The features of the techniques described herein are platform-independent, meaning that the techniques may be implemented on a variety of commercial computing platforms having a variety of processors.
An implementation of the described modules and techniques may be stored on or transmitted across some form of computer readable media. Computer readable media can include a variety of media that can be accessed by computing device 802. By way of example, and not limitation, computer-readable media may comprise "computer-readable storage media" and "computer-readable signal media".
A "computer-readable storage medium" may refer to media and/or devices that can persistently store information as compared to merely signal transmission, carrier wave, or signal per se. The computer readable storage medium does not include the signal itself. Computer-readable storage media include hardware such as volatile and nonvolatile, removable and non-removable media and/or storage devices implemented in methods or technology suitable for storage of information such as computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, logic elements/circuits or other data. Examples of computer readable storage media may include, but are not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, Digital Versatile Disks (DVD) or other optical storage, hard disks, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or other storage devices, tangible media, or an article of manufacture suitable for storing the desired information and accessible by a computer.
"computer-readable signal medium" may refer to a signal-bearing medium configured to transmit instructions to hardware of computing device 802, such as via a network. Signal media may typically embody computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave, data signal, or other transport mechanism. Signal media also includes any information delivery media. The term "modulated data signal" means a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed in such a manner as to encode information in the signal. By way of example, and not limitation, communication media includes wired media such as a wired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless media such as acoustic, Radio Frequency (RF), infrared and other wireless media.
As previously described,
Combinations of the foregoing may also be used to implement the various techniques and modules described herein. Thus, software, hardware, or program modules, as well as other program modules, may be embodied as one or more instructions and/or logic embodied on some form of computer-readable storage medium and/or implemented by one or
As further illustrated in fig. 8, the
In the
In one implementation, the interconnect architecture enables functionality to be delivered across multiple devices to provide a common and seamless experience to users of the multiple devices. Each of the multiple devices may have different physical requirements and functionality, and the central computing device uses the platform to deliver to the devices an experience that is both tailored to the device and generic to all devices. In one implementation, a class of target devices is created and the experience is customized for a general class of devices. A class of devices may be defined by physical characteristics, usage types, or other common characteristics of the devices.
In various implementations, computing device 802 may assume a variety of different configurations, such as for use with computer 814, mobile device 816, and television 818. Each of these configurations includes devices that may have generally different structures and capabilities, and thus computing device 802 may be configured according to one or more different device classes. For example, the computing device 802 may be implemented as the computer 814 class of devices that includes personal computers, desktop computers, multi-screen computers, laptop computers, netbooks, and so forth.
The computing device 802 may also be implemented as a mobile 816 class device including a mobile device, such as a mobile phone, portable music player, portable gaming device, a tablet computer, a multi-screen computer, and so on. The computing device 802 may also be implemented as a television 818 class of device that includes devices having or connected to generally larger screens in casual viewing environments. These devices include televisions, set-top boxes, game consoles, and the like.
The techniques described herein may be supported by these various configurations of the computing device 802 and are not limited to the specific examples of the techniques described herein. For example, the functionality discussed with reference to
Cloud 820 includes and/or represents a platform 822 for resources 824. Platform 822 abstracts underlying functionality of hardware (e.g., servers) and software resources of cloud 820. Resources 824 may include applications and/or data used when computer processing is performed on a server remote from computing device 802. Resources 824 may also include services provided over the internet and/or over a user network (e.g., a cellular or Wi-Fi network).
The platform 822 may abstract resources and functionality to connect the computing device 802 with other computing devices. The platform 822 may also be used to abstract scaling of resources to provide a corresponding level of scaling for encountered demand for the resources 824 implemented via the platform 822. Thus, in interconnected device implementations, implementations of functionality described herein may be distributed throughout the
Various methods are discussed herein that may be implemented to perform the techniques discussed herein. Aspects of the methods may be implemented in hardware, firmware, or software, or a combination thereof. The methods are shown as a set of steps that specify operations performed by one or more devices and are not necessarily limited to the orders shown for performing the operations by the respective blocks. Further, operations illustrated with respect to a particular method may be combined and/or interchanged with operations of different methods, in accordance with one or more implementations. Aspects of the method can be implemented via interactions between the various entities discussed above with reference to
In the discussion herein, various implementations are described. It is to be appreciated and understood that each implementation described herein can be used alone or in combination with one or more other implementations described herein. Other aspects of the technology discussed herein relate to one or more of the following implementations.
A system for connecting a call between a client device and a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) device, the system comprising: at least one processor; and one or more computer-readable storage media comprising instructions stored thereon that, in response to execution by the at least one processor, cause the system to perform operations comprising: receiving a request to connect a call from a client device to a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) device; determining whether a current location of a client device is an allowed location using a geographic number assigned to the client device; and performing an action based on the determination, the action comprising one of: based on determining that the current location of the client device is an allowed location using the geographic number, connecting the call between the PSTN device and the client device using the geographic number; or connect the call between the PSTN device and the client device using an alternate number and a geographic number based on determining that the current location of the client device is not an allowed location using the geographic number.
In addition to any of the above systems, any one or combination of the following: wherein the request comprises an Internet Protocol (IP) communication, the IP communication comprising one or more of: an identifier of the client device or a location of the client device; wherein the substitute number comprises a non-geographic number; wherein the determining comprises querying a call policy specifying one or more geographic locations allowed to use the geographic number; wherein the determining comprises querying a call policy specifying one or more geographic locations allowed to use the geographic number, and wherein the call policy is based at least in part on an administrative policy applied to one or more portions of the geographic number; wherein the determining comprises: transmitting a query to a remote service including a location of a client device; and receiving a query response indicating whether the current location is an allowed location using a geographic number; wherein the determining comprises: determining that the current location of the client device is an allowed location using the geographic number, and the actions include: causing a call to be connected between the PSTN device and the client device using the geographic number, comprising: routing call media from the client device to the PSTN network using the geographic number; and receiving call media routed using the geographic number from a PSTN device; wherein the determining comprises: determining that the current location of the client device is an allowed location using the geographic number, and the actions include: causing a call to be connected between the PSTN device and the client device using the geographic number, comprising: routing call media from the client device to a PSTN network using the geographic number; receiving call media from the PSTN device that is routed using the geographic number; and forwarding the call media received from a PSTN device to the client device via Internet Protocol (IP) communication; wherein the determining comprises: determining that the current location of the client device is not an allowed location using the geographic number, and the actions include: causing a call to be connected between the PSTN device and the client device using an alternate number and a geographic number, comprising: routing call media from the client device to the PSTN network using the surrogate number; and receiving call media from the PSTN device routed using the alternate number; wherein the determining comprises: determining that the current location of the client device is not an allowed location using a geographic number, and the actions include: causing a call to be connected between the PSTN device and the client device using an alternate number and a geographic number, comprising: routing call media from the client device to the PSTN network using the surrogate number; receiving call media from the PSTN device that is routed using the alternate number; and forwarding call media received from the PSTN device to the client device via Internet Protocol (IP) communication.
A computer-implemented method for connecting a call between a client device and a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) device, the method comprising: receiving a call request from a non-geographic number to connect a client device to a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) device; mapping the non-geographic number to a geographic number associated with the client device; and connecting the call to the PSTN device as originating from the geographic number.
In addition to any of the methods described above, any one or combination of: wherein the mapping comprises querying a database to identify a user profile, the user profile comprising a non-geographic number and a geographic number; wherein the mapping comprises: confirming that the non-geographic number is associated with an account of the telecommunication service; transmitting a query identifying the account to a communication service; and receiving a geographic number from the communication service; wherein the call request is received from a communication service, and wherein the method further comprises: receiving call media addressed using the non-geographic number from a communication service; and forwarding call media to the PSTN device as originating from the geographic number; wherein the call request is received from a communication service, and wherein the method further comprises: receiving call media from a PSTN device addressed to the geographic number; and forwarding call media addressed using the non-geographic number to a communication service.
A computer-implemented method for connecting a call between a client device and a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) device, the method comprising: receiving a call request from a PSTN device to connect a call to a device having a geographic telephone number; mapping the geographic phone number to a user account that includes the geographic phone number and a non-geographic phone number; confirming that a client device for the user account is located in a geographic location that does not allow use of the geographic phone number; and connecting a call to the client device using the non-geographic number and to the PSTN device using the geographic number.
In addition to any of the methods described above, any one or combination of the following: wherein the mapping comprises: confirming that the user account is associated with the communication service; querying a communication service using the geographic number; and receiving the non-geographic number from the communication service; wherein the confirmation is based on a call policy identifying one or more geographic locations that allow use of the geographic telephone number; wherein the user account is associated with a communication service, and wherein the connecting comprises transmitting a call request to the communication service using the non-geographic number; wherein the user account is associated with a communication service, and wherein the method further comprises: receiving call media from the PSTN device addressed to the geographic number; and forwarding call media addressed using the non-geographic number to a communication service.
Techniques for connecting using geographic telephone numbers are described. Although implementations have been described in language specific to structural features and/or methodological acts, it is to be understood that implementations defined in the appended claims are not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described. Rather, the specific features and acts are disclosed as exemplary forms of implementing the claimed implementations.
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