Foodstuff product, ingredient, method and use
阅读说明：本技术 食料产品、成分、方法和用途 (Foodstuff product, ingredient, method and use ) 是由 J·B·维埃拉 B·库舍尔 D·费斯特林 于 2018-12-13 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了能够从可可果肉或可可果肉的提取物获得的组合物作为甜食产品中的成分的用途。(The present invention provides the use of a composition obtainable from cocoa pulp or an extract of cocoa pulp as an ingredient in a confectionery product.)
1. A confectionery product comprising cocoa pulp or an extract of cocoa pulp.
2. Confectionery product according to claim 1, wherein the confectionery product is a chocolate product, preferably chocolate.
3. Confectionery product according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the pulp or the extract of the pulp provides a sugar source for the confectionery product, wherein the pulp or the extract of the pulp is the main sugar source in the confectionery product.
4. Confectionery product according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the confectionery product is a chocolate product comprising an extract of the pulp, dried pulp or dried pulp extract.
5. Confectionery product according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the extract of the pulp comprises a component selected from the group consisting of: sugars, fibers, hydrocolloids, proteins, acids, polyphenols, phenol-polymers, polysaccharides, and methylxanthines, and combinations thereof.
6. Confectionery product according to claim 5, wherein the extract of the pulp comprises cocoa, preferably the cocoa is selected from sucrose, fructose and glucose and combinations thereof.
7. Confectionery product according to claim 6, wherein the extract of pulp comprises between 20 and 95 wt% pulp sugar based on the total weight of the extract, preferably between 60 and 95 wt% cocoa sugar based on the total weight of the extract.
8. Confectionery product according to any of claims 1 to 7, wherein 10 to 65% by weight of the confectionery product, preferably between 20 to 60% by weight, is the pulp or an extract of the pulp.
9. Confectionery product according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the confectionery product comprises a cocoa mass, preferably wherein the confectionery product comprises between 45 and 80% or between 8 and 12% by weight of the confectionery product of cocoa mass and optionally wherein the confectionery product consists essentially of cocoa mass and an extract of the pulp or cocoa mass and dried pulp.
10. A process for producing a chocolate product wherein all ingredients are derived from cocoa pods.
11. A composition obtainable by a process comprising the steps of:
a. treating cocoa pulp or an extract of cocoa pulp to reduce the polysaccharide content and/or treating cocoa pulp or an extract of cocoa pulp to adjust the pH,
b. drying the product of step a.
12. The composition of claim 11, wherein the treating step a.
13. The composition according to claim 11 or 12, wherein the treatment step a.
14. The composition of claim 13, wherein the treating step a.
15. The composition of any one of claims 12 to 14, wherein treatment step a.
16. The composition according to any one of claims 12 to 15, wherein the treatment step a. is performed with another enzyme than pectinase or a mixture of pectinase and another enzyme, preferably the other enzyme has activity on other polysaccharides, preferably cellulose, hemicellulose, arabino-glycans, and/or β -1, 4-xylans.
17. The composition of any one of claims 12 to 16, wherein the enzyme treatment is carried out at 20 ℃ to 75 ℃ for 10 minutes to 20 hours.
18. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the cocoa pulp or cocoa pulp is treated to raise the pH to greater than pH 3.0, preferably the treatment may be performed before or after any treatment for reducing the polysaccharide content in step a.
19. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein the drying step b.
20. A process for producing a composition derived from cocoa pulp or an extract of cocoa pulp, comprising the process steps as defined in any one of claims 11 to 19.
21. Confectionery product according to any of claims 1 to 9, comprising a composition according to any of claims 11 to 20.
22. The method of claim 20, comprising the steps of:
i. treating cocoa pulp to reduce the polysaccharide content, the treatment comprising treatment with pectinase and/or cellulase,
treating the product of step i. to adjust the pH to between 4.0 and 7.0, and
drying the product of step ii to a water content of less than 10%.
23. Use of a composition according to any one of claims 11 to 19 as a sugar replacement composition for replacing sugar in a food product, preferably a confectionery product.
Background
Although it is well known that cocoa plants can be harvested to produce cocoa seeds for providing cocoa mass, cocoa butter and cocoa powder, other portions of the cocoa pods are not utilized.
The cocoa pod consists of a shell, a pulp and cocoa beans. The pulp is an aromatic moist body surrounding the pods.
In the initial processing of cocoa seeds, the pulp is typically removed by fermentation and hydrolyzed by microorganisms. The hydrolyzed pulp is known in the industry as "juice". During fermentation, the pulp provides a substrate for various microorganisms that are critical for the development of chocolate flavour precursors that are fully expressed later in the baking process. Although pulp is necessary for fermentation, more pulp is generally produced than is desired.
Excess pulp has been used to produce cocoa jelly, alcohol and vinegar, coconut and processed pulp. The juice can be made into alcoholic spirits containing more than 40% ethanol by controlled fermentation and distillation. The produced alcohol may be further fermented to produce acetic acid.
Cocoa syrup has been shown to be a suitable substrate for fermentation to produce coconut, a product commonly obtained from the fermentation of coconut water.
In addition, raw cocoa pulp has been used to produce smoothies and other so-called "healthy" drinks.
However, the use of cocoa pulp or extracts thereof in sugar-free confectionery, in particular chocolate products, is not known and the present invention provides novel products with advantageous properties.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention relates to a foodstuff comprising a composition obtainable from pulp or an extract of pulp from a plant of the genus theobroma. The present invention also provides novel compositions obtainable from pulp from plants of the genus theobroma.
The present invention preferably provides a confectionery product, preferably without added sugar, comprising a composition obtainable from cocoa pulp or an extract of cocoa pulp.
The present invention provides the use of said composition, obtainable from cocoa pulp or an extract of cocoa pulp, as a sugar substitute, preferably in food and beverage compositions, preferably in confectionery products, more preferably in chocolate products.
The present invention provides advantageous properties with respect to the reduction or total removal of added sugar, wherein the sweetness is provided by a natural source, which preferably also comprises other components in the cocoa pods that contribute to the chocolate flavour.
Thus, the present invention provides an alternative to added sugar by providing naturally occurring sugar present in the cocoa mass, cocoa butter and/or cocoa powder source.
In addition, the present invention provides for the use of the by-products of chocolate manufacturing processes which are normally discarded. Thus, the present invention provides advantages with respect to sustainability.
Accordingly, the present invention provides a composition obtained by a process comprising the steps of:
a. treating cocoa pulp or an extract of cocoa pulp to reduce the polysaccharide content and/or treating cocoa pulp or an extract of cocoa pulp to adjust the pH,
b. drying the product of step a).
The invention also provides a method for producing a composition derived from cocoa pulp or an extract of cocoa pulp, the method comprising:
a. treating cocoa pulp or an extract of cocoa pulp to reduce the polysaccharide content and/or treating cocoa pulp or an extract of cocoa pulp to adjust the pH,
b. drying the product of step a).
The present invention also provides a method for producing a foodstuff, preferably a confectionery foodstuff, comprising the steps of:
a. treating pulp (preferably cocoa pulp) from a plant of the genus Theobroma or an extract from pulp (preferably cocoa pulp) from a plant of the genus Theobroma to reduce the polysaccharide content and/or treating pulp (preferably cocoa pulp) from a plant of the genus Theobroma or an extract from pulp (preferably cocoa pulp) from a plant of the genus Theobroma to adjust the pH,
b. drying the product of step a. and
c. combining the product of step b with at least one other ingredient present in a foodstuff, preferably a confectionery foodstuff.
Drawings
FIGS. 1 to 3 show GC-MS data for examples 8 to 10
Detailed Description
Pulp of fruit
The pulp for use in the present invention is derived from one or more plants from the genus theobroma. The plant genus includes Theobroma angustifolium, Theobroma bicolor, Theobroma cacao, Theobroma caneanense, Theobroma cancerana, Theobroma grandiflorum, and Theobroma kuwana
The embodiments described below are mentioned with respect to the preferred embodiments but are equally applicable to pulp from all other plants in the genus theobroma.
In the present invention, the term "pulp" relates to the mucilaginous coating around each bean. In the present invention, the term "cocoa pulp" also encompasses dried cocoa pulp, for example in powder form. However, where the term "dried cocoa pulp" is used, for example, the cocoa pulp is limited to dried cocoa pulp. The source of cocoa pulp is not particularly limited, and all known varieties of cocoa pods can provide the pulp. However, it is preferred that the sugar content of the cocoa pulp is as high as possible.
In the present invention, the term "extract" has the usual dictionary meaning, i.e. a portion of cocoa pulp comprising one or more components of cocoa pulp from which one or more components of the original cocoa pulp have been removed to provide the extract. In the present invention, any water present in cocoa pulp is not considered an extract, i.e., the cocoa pulp extract is not water. In one embodiment of the invention, the cocoa pulp extract is in powder form, i.e., the cocoa pulp extract has been dried to remove water.
A preferred embodiment of the invention is to dry the composition obtained from cocoa pulp or cocoa pulp extract. The remaining water content is defined below.
In the embodiments described below, the cocoa pulp extract is defined and the components are of course present in the original cocoa pulp, i.e. the components are not added.
In one embodiment, the cocoa pulp extract can be a composition obtained by a process comprising the steps of:
a. treating cocoa pulp or an extract of cocoa pulp (which is different from the extract produced by the present process) to reduce the polysaccharide content and/or treating cocoa pulp or an extract of cocoa pulp to adjust the pH,
b. drying the product of step a).
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, cocoa pulp is treated by the process defined above to provide a composition which is a cocoa pulp extract. Thus, in the context of the present application, the term "cocoa pulp extract" is used to encompass, but is not limited to, the composition resulting from the method of the invention, i.e. the composition of the invention may preferably be considered a cocoa pulp extract.
In one embodiment, the pulp of the present invention is not fermented.
In a preferred embodiment, the pulp of the invention is treated in step a. In a preferred embodiment, the treated pulp is not mixed with beans (preferably whole beans) from the genus theobroma. In a preferred embodiment, the treated pulp is not mixed with beans (preferably whole beans) from the genus theobroma. In a preferred embodiment, the treated pulp is not mixed with the meats from the genus theobroma.
In a preferred embodiment, the cocoa pulp of the invention is treated in step a.
In one embodiment of the invention, an extract of cocoa pulp comprising sugar is provided.
In one embodiment, the sugar comprises a monosaccharide (e.g., fructose, fucose, galactose, glucose, and/or rhamnose), a disaccharide (e.g., lactose, maltose, and/or sucrose), and/or an oligosaccharide (e.g., less than 20, less than 10, or less than 8 saccharide units), and is defined herein as "cocoa sugar". Preferred sugars present in the cocoa pulp or cocoa pulp extract include sucrose, glucose or fructose and mixtures thereof.
In one embodiment, the cocoa pulp extract sugar comprises a sugar selected from the group consisting of glucose, sucrose and fructose and combinations thereof, and is defined herein as "cocoa sugar". The amount and nature of cocoa sugar may vary based on the type of cocoa pod.
In one embodiment of the invention, the cocoa pulp extract or dried cocoa pulp comprises between 20.0 and 100 wt.%, more preferably between 30.0 and 99.75 wt.%, more preferably between 30.0 and 99.50 wt.%, more preferably between 30.0 and 99.25 wt.%, and more preferably between 40.0 and 95.0 wt.% cocoa sugar, based on the total weight of the extract or pulp.
In an embodiment of the invention, for example, the cocoa pulp extract or dried cocoa pulp comprises between 50.0 and 95.0 wt.%, more preferably between 60.0 and 95.0 wt.%, more preferably between 65.0 and 90.0 wt.%, more preferably between 65.0 and 85.0 wt.%, more preferably between 65.0 and 80.0 wt.% cocoa sugar, based on the total weight of the extract or pulp.
In one embodiment, the cocoa sugar in the cocoa pulp extract or dried cocoa pulp comprises a significant amount of sucrose, preferably mostly sucrose. In one embodiment, the sucrose content of the sugar component is greater than 35.0 wt.%, more preferably greater than 40.0 wt.%, more preferably greater than 45.0 wt.%, more preferably greater than 50.0 wt.%, more preferably greater than 55.0 wt.%, and more preferably greater than 60.0 wt.%, based on the weight of the sugar component (i.e., the total sugar content).
In one embodiment, the cocoa sugar component comprises less than 90.0% by weight sucrose of the sugar component, preferably less than 85.0%, more preferably less than 80.0%, more preferably less than 75.0%.
In the above embodiments, the cocoa sugar comprises glucose, fructose or a mixture of glucose and fructose, preferably the sum of glucose, fructose and sucrose is equal to more than 95.0 wt.%, more preferably more than 97.5 wt.%, more preferably more than 98.5 wt.%, more preferably more than 99.0 wt.% and more preferably more than 100 wt.% of the cocoa sugar component.
In an alternative embodiment, the cocoa sugar in the cocoa pulp extract or dried cocoa pulp comprises significant amounts of glucose and fructose, preferably mostly glucose and fructose. In one embodiment, the glucose and fructose content of the saccharide component is greater than 45.0 wt.%, more preferably greater than 50.0 wt.%, and more preferably greater than 55.0 wt.%, based on the weight of the saccharide component. For example, greater than 65.0%, greater than 75.0%, greater than 80.0%, or greater than 85.0%.
In one embodiment, the cocoa sugar component consists of 100% glucose and fructose, or comprises less than 99.0% glucose and fructose by weight, preferably less than 95.0% by weight. For example, less than 92.0%, less than 90.0%, less than 87.0%, less than 85.0%, or less than 75.0%.
In one embodiment, the cocoa component comprises between 45.0% and 100%, preferably between 55.0% and 100% and preferably between 60.0% and 100% or between 80.0% and 99.0% of the combination of glucose and fructose, based on the weight of the sugar component.
In one embodiment, the fructose content of the saccharide component is greater than 15.0 wt.%, more preferably greater than 20.0 wt.%, more preferably greater than 25.0 wt.%, more preferably greater than 30.0 wt.%, more than 35.0 wt.% and greater than 40.0 wt.%, based on the weight of the saccharide component (i.e., the total saccharide content).
In one embodiment, the cocoa sugar component comprises less than 75.0% by weight sucrose of the sugar component, preferably less than 70.0%, more preferably less than 65.0%, more preferably less than 60.0%.
In one embodiment, the cocoa sugar component comprises between 20.0 and 75.0 wt.%, preferably between 30.0 and 60.0 wt.% fructose.
In one embodiment, the glucose content of the saccharide component is greater than 15.0 wt.%, more preferably greater than 20.0 wt.%, more preferably greater than 25.0 wt.%, more preferably greater than 30.0 wt.%, more than 35.0 wt.% and greater than 40.0 wt.%, based on the weight of the saccharide component (i.e., the total saccharide content).
In one embodiment, the cocoa sugar component comprises less than 75.0% by weight of the sugar component of glucose, preferably less than 70.0%, more preferably less than 65.0%, more preferably less than 60.0%.
In one embodiment, the cocoa sugar component comprises between 20.0 and 75.0 wt.%, preferably between 30.0 and 60.0 wt.% glucose.
In the above embodiments, the remainder of the cocoa sugar comprises sucrose, preferably the remainder of the sugar comprises sucrose, lactose, maltose, galactose, or a combination thereof.
In a preferred embodiment, the sugar component of the cocoa pulp or cocoa pulp extract comprises between 0.10 and 50.0 wt% or between 5.0 and 50.0 wt% sucrose and the sugar component comprises 20.0 to 100 wt% of the cocoa pulp or cocoa pulp extract, preferably the cocoa pulp or cocoa pulp extract is dry.
In a preferred embodiment, the sugar component of the cocoa pulp or cocoa pulp extract comprises between 45.0% and 100.0% or between 45.0% and 99.0% by weight fructose and glucose, and the sugar component comprises between 20.0% and 100% by weight of the cocoa pulp or cocoa pulp extract, preferably the cocoa pulp or cocoa pulp extract is dry.
In a preferred embodiment, the above sugar content is obtained using HPAEC-PAD (High-Performance Anion Exchange Chromatography-Pulsed amperometric detection) method. Preferred analytical methods are defined in the examples section.
In one embodiment of the invention, the cocoa pulp extract comprises other components (other than those covered by the other components already listed) selected from the group consisting of fibres, hydrocolloids, proteins, acids, polyphenols, phenol-polymers, polysaccharides, methylxanthines and antioxidants. In a preferred embodiment, these are intrinsic components of the cocoa pulp and are not added separately.
In one embodiment of the invention, the cocoa pulp extract comprises a component selected from the group consisting of phenolic acids, catechins, epicatechins, and proanthocyanidins.
In one embodiment of the invention, the cocoa pulp extract comprises pectin. In one embodiment, the cocoa pulp is treated to remove preferably partially or substantially all pectin, and optionally preferably partially remove other polysaccharides, as described below.
In one embodiment of the invention, the cocoa pulp extract comprises lignin.
In one embodiment of the invention, the cocoa pulp extract comprises cellulose or hemicellulose and combinations thereof. In one embodiment, as described below, cocoa pulp is treated to remove, preferably partially or substantially completely, cellulose or hemicellulose and combinations thereof, and optionally, preferably partially, other polysaccharides.
In one embodiment of the invention, the cocoa pulp extract comprises a component selected from caffeine, theobromine and theophylline.
In one embodiment of the invention, the cocoa pulp extract comprises an acid selected from citric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid and ascorbic acid and combinations thereof.
In one embodiment of the invention, the fiber comprises dietary fiber.
In one embodiment of the invention, the cocoa pulp extract comprises a fiber component and an acid component, wherein the amount of the fiber component is 30% or more less than the sugar component by weight of the pulp extract.
In one embodiment, the confectionery products of the invention comprise additional components derived from cocoa pods, for example, these products comprise cocoa powder or cocoa shell fibers (soluble and insoluble dietary fibers). In one embodiment, the additional component is provided as a carrier for the cocoa pulp or cocoa pulp extract. In one embodiment, the additional components are combined with the cocoa pulp or cocoa pulp extract prior to preparing the composition of the invention.
In one embodiment of the invention, the cocoa pulp extract, dried cocoa pulp extract or dried cocoa pulp comprises less than 10.0 wt.%, preferably less than 8.0 wt.%, more preferably less than 5.0 wt.%, more preferably less than 2.0 wt.% and more preferably less than 1.0 wt.% water. In one embodiment, it is noted that complete dehydration may not be achievable, and thus the water content is optionally greater than 0.1%, greater than 0.5%, or greater than 1.0%.
In one embodiment of the invention, the cocoa pulp extract is prepared by a process comprising the steps of: removing cocoa pulp from cocoa pods, heat treating, optionally concentrating, and drying the cocoa pulp.
In one embodiment, cocoa pulp is removed from cocoa pods, for example by the method of EP0442421(Nestle SA). In one embodiment of the invention, an alternative method of removing cocoa pulp from cocoa pods is to use a commercially available beater, preferably equipped with a brush.
In the above embodiments, the heat treatment step involves treatment at elevated temperature (typically 120 ℃ to 160 ℃) for a very short time (typically no more than 200 seconds, and optionally typically more than 50 seconds) to inactivate any microbial contaminants to render the composition safe for human consumption. Alternatively, different temperatures, e.g., 80 ℃ to 100 ℃, and different times, e.g., 10 seconds to 25 seconds, may be used. The heat treatment step is not particularly limited as long as pasteurization is performed without the occurrence of product degradation.
In one embodiment, the drying is preferably carried out using spray drying, vacuum drying, drum drying, oven drying, foam drying, tray drying, fluidized bed drying, crystallization drying (preferably using seeds of sugars) or freeze drying (lyophilization).
In one embodiment, the drying is performed at greater than 45 ℃, preferably greater than 50 ℃, preferably greater than 55 ℃ and greater than 60 ℃. In one embodiment, the drying is performed at less than 125 ℃, preferably less than 100 ℃, preferably less than 90 ℃ and preferably less than 85 ℃ or less than 80 ℃. In a preferred embodiment, the drying is carried out at between 45 ℃ and 100 ℃ and more preferably between 45 ℃ and 85 ℃.
In one embodiment, the drying is carried out for more than 1 hour, preferably more than 5 hours, preferably more than 10 hours, more than 15 hours or more than 20 hours. In one embodiment, the drying is carried out for less than 72 hours, preferably less than 60 hours, preferably less than 50 hours or less than 40 hours.
In a preferred embodiment, the drying is carried out at between 45 ℃ and 125 ℃ and between 1 hour and 72 hours. Preferably, the above ranges relate to oven drying, optionally performed under vacuum or non-vacuum conditions.
In one embodiment, the drying step is performed as soon as possible after the cocoa pulp has been separated from the other components on the cocoa pods.
In a preferred embodiment, the cocoa pulp and/or cocoa pulp extract is in the form of a powder, preferably a dry powder. In one embodiment, the powder has a particle size d50 (preferably diameter, wherein 50% by mass of the particles in the sample have a diameter below this value) preferably in the range of 20 to 1000 microns, preferably 200 to 800 microns or 20 to 150 microns. For example, 100 to 1000 microns, 25 to 100 microns, or 35 to 200 microns. Preferably, particle size d50 is measured using laser diffraction using the MalvernMastersizer 2000, Scirocco 2000 dry attachment method and Fraunhofer scattering theory.
Alternatively, the particle size is measured in mesh, for example, having a particle size of less than 18 mesh (1000 microns), less than 20 mesh (841 microns), less than 40 mesh (420 microns), less than 100 mesh (149 microns), and less than 140 mesh (105 microns), and preferably greater than 625 mesh (20 microns), greater than 550 mesh (25 microns), 140 mesh (105 microns), or greater than 70 mesh (210 microns).
The powder may be obtained with dried cocoa pulp or dried cocoa pulp extract using standard refining methods such as milling, ball milling, jet milling, 2-roll refiner, 3-roll refiner or 5-roll refiner. In one embodiment, the powder may be subjected to further refining in a method of producing a foodstuff, for example during a conching process for the preparation of chocolate.
While it is preferred to process the cocoa pulp when fresh, in one embodiment, once desized, the cocoa pulp can be frozen to ensure freshness is maintained prior to subsequent processing. Such freezing may be carried out by standard equipment known in the art for freezing plant and fruit matter. If freezing is used at any point in the process of the invention, the cocoa pulp or cocoa pulp extract is then preferably thawed before being incorporated into the product of the invention.
In one embodiment, cocoa pulp or cocoa pulp extract is treated to reduce the polysaccharide content to obtain the composition of the invention.
The term polysaccharide relates to the dictionary definition of such polymers, i.e. carbohydrates consisting of multiple molecules bound together, preferably polysaccharides having more than 8 saccharide units, more than 10 units, or more than 20 units, and optionally less than 1000 units or less than 750 units.
The term encompasses, for example, linear and non-linear heterogeneous and homogeneous polysaccharides.
In a preferred embodiment, the reduction of polysaccharide content refers to the degradation of the original polysaccharide, e.g. pectin, cellulose etc. into smaller polysaccharides, oligomers and/or di-/mono-saccharides. This degradation results in a change in the molecular weight distribution of the polysaccharide, i.e., the molecular weight of the polysaccharide is reduced as larger polysaccharides are broken down into smaller compounds.
Without being bound by theory, a reduction in the content of polysaccharide (preferably pectin and/or cellulose) results in a reduction in any gelling and/or "corking" effect caused upon consumption of the product of the invention.
In one embodiment, the cocoa pulp or cocoa pulp extract is treated to alter the viscosity, preferably to reduce the viscosity.
In one embodiment, the viscosity is reduced by more than 20%, preferably more than 40%, more preferably more than 60%, more preferably more than 80%, and more preferably more than 90% relative to the viscosity of the untreated sample. In one embodiment, the viscosity reduction is less than 98%, less than 95%, less than 75%, or less than 70%. In one embodiment of the invention, the viscosity is reduced by 20% to 98%, i.e. the viscosity of the treated sample is reduced by a higher percentage associated with a greater reduction compared to the viscosity of the untreated sample. In the examples, methods of measuring viscosity are given. Since this is a relative value, the method used is not particularly important. Preferably, however, the viscosity is a dynamic viscosity measured in centipoise. A preferred specific method for measuring Viscosity is in the example using a Rapid Viscosity Analyzer (Rapid viscometry Analyzer).
Treatment with an enzyme may result in an improved mouthfeel of a foodstuff product, preferably a chocolate product, comprising the composition of the invention.
In one embodiment, the cocoa pulp or cocoa pulp extract is hydrolyzed to reduce the polysaccharide content.
In one embodiment, the treatment of cocoa pulp or cocoa pulp extract can increase the monosaccharide and/or disaccharide and/or oligosaccharide content.
In one embodiment, the cocoa pulp extract production method comprises treating cocoa pulp or cocoa pulp extract with an enzyme. In one embodiment, the treatment with the enzyme reduces the viscosity of the cocoa pulp or cocoa pulp extract. This aspect of the invention provides advantages in relation to processing the composition into a product, preferably a confectionery product, and/or removes any potential undesirable organoleptic properties resulting from the use of excessively viscous ingredients.
In one embodiment, the treatment to reduce the polysaccharide content and/or to change the viscosity may be performed mechanically or physically, for example by centrifugation, preferably in a decanter centrifuge. This treatment can be used to remove the polysaccharides present in the pulp.
In one embodiment, the temperature for the enzymatic treatment is between 20 ℃ and 75 ℃, for example between 30 ℃ and 65 ℃, between 55 ℃ and 75 ℃ or between 30 ℃ and 55 ℃.
In one embodiment, the amount of enzyme used is between 10mg/L and 250mg/L, preferably between 25mg/L and 200mg/L, preferably between 50mg/L and 150mg/L based on cocoa pulp or cocoa pulp extract.
In one embodiment, the amount of enzyme used is between 1.0g/L and 200g/L, preferably between 2.0g/L and 100g/L, preferably between 5.0g/L and 50g/L based on cocoa pulp or cocoa pulp extract.
In one embodiment, the amount of enzyme used is between 0.05ml/kg and 200ml/kg, between 0.1ml/kg and 200ml/kg, between 1.0ml/kg and 200ml/kg, preferably between 2.0ml/kg and 100ml/kg, preferably between 5.0ml/kg and 50ml/kg and more preferably between 5.0ml/kg and 20ml/kg or between 0.1ml/kg and 10ml/kg, based on the cocoa pulp or cocoa pulp extract.
In one embodiment, the amount of enzyme used is between 0.10 and 20 wt%, preferably between 0.20 and 10 wt%, more preferably between 0.5 and 5.0 wt% of the cocoa pulp or cocoa pulp extract.
The above amounts relate to all enzymes present, i.e. the total amount of enzymes used relative to the cocoa pulp or cocoa pulp extract.
In one embodiment, the above ratio is based on between 10% and 75% solids content of cocoa pulp or cocoa pulp extract, preferably for between 10% and 20% total solids content of cocoa pulp.
In one embodiment, the treatment with the enzyme is performed for between 10 minutes and 20 hours, between 10 minutes and 10 hours, between 10 minutes and 8 hours, between 10 minutes and 6 hours, between 15 minutes and 4 hours, between 15 minutes and 2 hours, or between 30 minutes and 2 hours.
In one embodiment, the treated cocoa pulp or cocoa pulp extract is stored and the suspended particles settle, preferably at a temperature between 2.0 ℃ and 10.0 ℃ and preferably for a period of time between 12 hours and 72 hours (e.g., at between 3.0 ℃ to 5.0 ℃ for between 24 hours to 60 hours). In one embodiment, the treated cocoa pulp or cocoa pulp extract is then filtered using filtration techniques known in the art of pulp processing to provide a purified product.
In one embodiment, the cocoa pulp or cocoa pulp extract is treated to remove or degrade pectin and/or cellulose, preferably by treatment with an enzyme.
In one embodiment, cocoa pulp or cocoa pulp extract is treated with a pectinase, such as EC 4.2.2.10(CAS 9033-35-6), EC 3.2.1.15(CAS 9032-75-1), EC 3.1.1.11(CAS 9025-98-3), EC 4.2.2.9 or EC 4.2.2.2(CAS 9015-75-2), and mixtures thereof.
In another embodiment, enzymes other than pectinase may be used or a mixture of enzymes may be used. In one embodiment, the enzyme used may be selected from lignin modifying enzymes and carbohydrases (e.g., arabinanase/arabinoxylanase, cellulase, beta-glucanase, hemicellulase and xylanase) and mixtures thereof.
In one embodiment, the cocoa pulp or cocoa pulp extract is treated with a cellulase, for example, EC 3.2.1.4, EC 3.2.1.91 or EC 3.2.1.21 or EC 3.2.1.99 and mixtures thereof.
Pectinases are classified as follows: 1) pectin, pectic acid or oligo-D-galacturonate as substrate; 2) is cleavage of random (endo, liquefying or depolymerizing enzymes) or terminal (endwise) (exogenous or saccharifying enzymes) and 3) whether they act by hydrolysis or trans-elimination. In a preferred embodiment, the enzyme used is selected from the group consisting of pectinesterase, polymethylgalacturonase (exogenous or endogenous), polygalacturonase (exogenous or endogenous), polymethylgalacturonate lyase (exogenous or endogenous), polygalacturonate lyase (exogenous or endogenous), and protopectinase (e.g., endo-1.5-alpha-L-arabinanase), and mixtures thereof.
In one embodiment, the enzyme is added to the cocoa pulp or cocoa pulp extract before or after any drying step and/or concentration step. In one embodiment, the enzyme is added after the process step, wherein any native enzyme in the cocoa pulp has been inactivated.
In one embodiment, the enzyme selection and reaction conditions may be optimized for the substrate to be treated. For example, it is well known that certain Pectinases act at their optimum at acidic pH, while other Pectinases act at their optimum at alkaline pH (see, for example, Table 2 in International Food Research Journal, 2014, Vol. 21, No. 2, page 447-.
In one embodiment, the amount of pectinase used is between 10 and 250mg/L, preferably between 25 and 200mg/L, preferably between 50 and 150mg/L based on cocoa pulp or cocoa pulp extract.
In one embodiment, the amount of pectinase used is between 1.0 and 200g/L, preferably between 2.0 and 100g/L, preferably between 5.0 and 50g/L based on cocoa pulp or cocoa pulp extract.
In one embodiment, the amount of pectinase used is between 0.05 and 200ml/kg, between 0.1 and 200ml/kg, between 1.0 and 200ml/kg, preferably between 2.0 and 100ml/kg, preferably between 5.0 and 50ml/kg and more preferably between 5.0 and 20ml/kg or between 0.1 and 10ml/kg, calculated on cocoa pulp or cocoa pulp extract.
In one embodiment, the amount of pectinase used is between 0.10 and 20 wt%, preferably between 0.20 and 10 wt%, more preferably between 0.5 and 5.0 wt% of the cocoa pulp or cocoa pulp extract.
The above amounts relate to all pectinases present, i.e. if a mixture of enzymes is used, the total amount of pectinase used relative to the cocoa pulp or cocoa pulp extract.
In one embodiment, the pectinase has an activity between 0.50U/g and 1.50U/g (e.g., between 0.75U/g and 1.25U/g) on a gram of pulp.
Where appropriate, the enzyme may have an activity of between 1000PGNU/ml and 30000PGNU/ml, between 2000PGNU/ml and 10000PGNU/ml (e.g. between 3000PGNU/ml and 8500 PGNU/ml).
Where appropriate, the enzyme may have an activity of between 50PTF and 500PTF (e.g. between 60PTF and 400 PTF).
Where appropriate, the enzyme may have a polygalacturonase activity of between 2000 and 20000 micromoles/min/g (e.g. between 3000 and 12000 micromoles/min/g).
The activities of the various pectinases useful in the invention are defined by the listed known standards. Polygalacturonase units (PGNU) are defined as the amount of enzyme that will produce 1 milligram of sodium galacturonate salt under standard conditions (acetate buffer, pH 4.5, 40 ℃, 10 min reaction time, 540nm) and are given in units per milliliter of substrate, or as the amount of enzyme required to release one micromole of galacturonate per minute from polygalacturonic acid at pH 4.5, 40 ℃ and are given in units per milliliter or per gram of enzyme in acetate buffer (the latter method is preferably used). Correspondingly, Pectin Esterase Unit (PEU) activity is the amount of enzyme that consumes 1 micro equivalent of sodium hydroxide per minute under standard conditions (30 ℃, pH 4.5). The Pectin Lyase Unit (PLU) is the amount of enzyme that catalyzes the decomposition of the bound endo-alpha-1-4 galacturonic acid glycoside (C6 methyl ester) to form one micromole of a-4, 5 unsaturated product in one minute according to the above conditions but at 45 ℃ and pH 5.5. The PTF unit activity corresponds to the enzyme activity, which results in an increase of 0.01 in the extract after 1 minute in a 0.5% pectin solution at pH 5.8, 30 ℃ at 235 nm.
In one embodiment of the invention, the enzyme used in the treatment process of the invention is selected, for example, from
In one embodiment, the cocoa pulp or cocoa pulp extract may be treated with other enzymes than pectinase or a mixture of pectinase and another enzyme. Other enzymes may have activity against other polysaccharides present in the cocoa pulp (e.g., activity against glucan, cellulose, hemicellulose, arabinan and/or β -1, 4-xylan).
In one embodiment, the amount of cellulase used is between 0.05ml/kg and 200ml/kg, between 0.10ml/kg and 150ml/kg, preferably between 0.1.0ml/kg and 100ml/kg, preferably between 5.0ml/kg and 50ml/kg and more preferably between 5.0ml/kg and 20ml/kg or between 0.1ml/kg and 10ml/kg, based on cocoa pulp or cocoa pulp extract.
In one embodiment, the amount of enzyme used is between 0.10 and 20 wt%, preferably between 0.20 and 10 wt%, more preferably between 0.5 and 5.0 wt% of the cocoa pulp or cocoa pulp extract.
The above amounts relate to all cellulases present, i.e. if a mixture of enzymes is used, to the total amount of cellulase used relative to the cocoa pulp or cocoa pulp extract.
In one embodiment, the above ratio is based on between 10% and 75% solids content of cocoa pulp or cocoa pulp extract, preferably for between 10% and 20% total solids content of cocoa pulp.
The activity of the various cellulases usable in the present invention is defined by the cited known standards. One cellulase unit (U) is defined as the amount of enzyme that causes the release of 1.25 micromole glucose equivalents per minute at pH 4.6 and 40 ℃. One broken cellulose unit (ACU) was determined based on the decrease in viscosity of the guar solution. In a preferred embodiment, the activity is between 400 and 3000 micromoles/min/g, such as between 500 and 2500 micromoles/min/g.
In one embodiment of the invention, the Enzyme used in the treatment method of the invention is selected from, for example, Cellulase13L (Biocatalysts), Cellulase CE-3, Cellulase FG conc. (Enzyme Development Corporation), Cellulosin GMY, and mixtures thereof.
In one embodiment, the enzymatic treatment may be performed using at least 2 carbohydrases, optionally at least 3 carbohydrases, optionally at least 4 carbohydrases and optionally less than 20 carbohydrases or less than 10 carbohydrases.
In one embodiment, enzyme mixtures having an activity of greater than 60FBGU, optionally greater than 75FBGU are used. Optionally, the activity is less than 180FBGU, optionally less than 150FBGU and optionally less than 125 FBGU. For example, between 60FBGU and 180 FBGU. One fungal beta-glucanase unit (FBGU) is the amount of enzyme that hydrolyses fungal beta-glucans at pH 5.0 and 30 ℃ per minute to reduce the sugars corresponding to 1 micromole glucose.
In one embodiment, the cocoa pulp or cocoa pulp extract is treated with the enzyme mixture for a time between 1 hour and 7 hours, preferably between 2 hours and 5 hours.
In one embodiment, cocoa pulp or cocoa pulp extract is treated with Viscozyme L (Novozymes a/S), which is a multi-enzyme complex comprising various different carbohydrases, including arabinanase, cellulase, beta-glucanase, hemicellulase, and xylanase.
In one embodiment, the enzymes used for treatment may preferably be inactivated prior to any drying of the cocoa pulp and/or cocoa pulp extract. Any suitable method may be used for this inactivation, for example treatment at 80 to 110 ℃ for a time period preferably between 2 minutes and 10 minutes, for example 5 minutes.
In one embodiment, the cocoa pulp or cocoa pulp extract is treated to increase the pH, e.g., by treating the cocoa pulp with an alkali salt or base. The nature of the compound is not particularly limited, but preferably is a food grade compound. In a preferred embodiment, cocoa pulp is treated with a compound such as mono/di/tri-sodium/potassium/calcium phosphate, mono/di-ammonium phosphate, sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, calcium carbonate or potassium carbonate and mixtures thereof to increase the pH.
In one embodiment, the alkali salt or base is combined with the cocoa pulp or cocoa pulp extract in an amount of greater than 0.10 wt.%, preferably greater than 0.15 wt.% and preferably greater than 0.20 wt.% cocoa pulp or cocoa pulp extract. In one embodiment, the alkali salt or base is combined with the cocoa pulp or cocoa pulp extract in an amount of less than 1.25 wt.%, preferably less than 1.0 wt.% and preferably less than 0.90 wt.%, for example between 0.10 and 1.25 wt.%, between 0.20 and 0.90 wt.%, or between 0.25 and 0.85 wt.%.
In one embodiment, as described above, the pH of the cocoa pulp is increased to a range of above 2.75 to 4.0, optionally greater than 3.3 to 4.0 or 3.0 to 3.7 (both measured at 20 ℃), for example to a pH of greater than 4.5, greater than 5.0, greater than 5.5 or greater than 6.0. For example, the pH is increased, but not increased to greater than 8.0, not greater than 7.5, or not greater than 7.0, or not greater than 6.5, or not greater than 6.0.
In a preferred embodiment, the agent for raising the pH is added to the pulp as an aqueous solution or slurry. In a preferred embodiment, the concentration of the agent in water is between 5g/100ml and 50g/100ml, preferably between 10g/100ml and 30g/100 ml. Preferably by adding the agent as an aqueous solution or slurry, no undesired gelling occurs, which may increase the viscosity of the pulp when higher concentrations of the agent are added.
In one embodiment, the treatment to increase the pH is followed by an enzymatic treatment. In an alternative embodiment, the enzyme treatment is performed before the pH treatment.
In one embodiment, the enzymatic treatment is carried out when the pH of the pulp is between 3.3 and 6.0, preferably between 4.25 and 5.0.
In an alternative embodiment, the pH treatment is performed using dialysis (ion exchange). For example, the method disclosed in EP0049497(Nestle SA) is used.
In one embodiment, the method comprises treating cocoa pulp to maximize the sugar content of the extract. In one embodiment, the treatment increases the amount of monomeric sugars at the expense of dimeric, trimeric, oligomeric and/or polymeric sugars, or increases the amount of trimeric and/or oligomeric sugars at the expense of polymeric sugars. In one embodiment, the treatment may be an enzymatic treatment.
One embodiment of the present invention comprises the steps of: depulping of cocoa pods, pasteurization (e.g. heat treatment) of the pulp, optional enzymatic treatment and/or optional alkalization treatment and drying (preferably by freeze drying, vacuum drying or spray drying). In a preferred embodiment, a method is provided comprising the steps of: desizing of cocoa pods, pasteurization (e.g., heat treatment) of the pulp, enzymatic and/or alkaline treatment, and drying (preferably by freeze drying, vacuum drying, or spray drying). The pasteurization step may be at any suitable point in the process, for example, also after the enzymatic treatment.
One embodiment of the present invention comprises the steps of: desizing, optionally freezing, optionally thawing, enzymatic treatment, optionally pasteurization, basification and drying.
One embodiment of the present invention comprises the steps of: desizing, freezing, thawing, enzyme treatment, pasteurization, alkalization and drying.
One embodiment of the present invention comprises the steps of: desizing, optionally freezing, optionally thawing, basification, enzymatic treatment, pasteurization and drying.
One embodiment of the present invention comprises the steps of: desizing, freezing, thawing, basification, enzymatic treatment, pasteurization and drying.
In the above embodiments, the alkalization step involves pH adjustment and may occur before or after the enzymatic treatment, preferably after the enzymatic treatment.
The present invention provides advantageous properties with respect to the reduction or total removal of added sugar, wherein sweetness is provided by a natural source that also comprises other components of the cocoa pods that contribute to the flavor of the chocolate.
With respect to added sugar, in one embodiment, the term "added sugar" refers to refined sugars that encompass processed sugars (e.g., white or brown sugar) that have their standard nutritional definition. Preferably, as listed in the regulations (EC) No 1924/2006, the invention relates to foodstuffs in which these foodstuffs have not been added sugar and the product does not contain any added mono-or disaccharides or any other food products for their sweetening properties, other than the sugar inherently naturally present in the ingredient.
Thus, the present invention provides an alternative to added sugar by providing naturally occurring sugar present in the source of cocoa mass, cocoa butter and/or cocoa powder. Thus, the present invention provides a sugar-free confectionery product comprising natural sugar.
Foodstuff, confectionery and chocolate products
General products of the invention
The present invention provides a novel foodstuff comprising the material of the present invention. However, the preferred foodstuff is a confectionery product, preferably a chocolate product.
Other foodstuffs include culinary products, dairy products (e.g. yoghurt), nutritional formulas or ice cream. For baking, ice cream and topper ingredient applications, the material of the present invention (preferably in the form of a powder as described below) may be used as a flavoring agent, preferably in combination with cocoa powder to form a sweetened cocoa powder.
In one embodiment, the composition of the invention may be effectively a chocolate product (as defined herein), more effectively a chocolate or chocolate compound. Independent of any other legal definition that may be used, the composition of the invention comprising a cocoa solids content of 25 to 35 wt% and a milk-based ingredient (such as milk powder) may be informally referred to herein as "milk chocolate" (this term also encompasses other similar chocolate products, having similar amounts of cocoa solids or alternatives thereof). Independent of any other legal definition that may be used, the compositions of the present invention comprising a cocoa solids content in excess of 35 wt% (up to 100 wt%, i.e. pure cocoa solids) may be informally referred to herein as "dark chocolate" (this term also encompasses other similar chocolate products, having similar amounts of cocoa solids or alternatives thereof).
The term "chocolate" as used herein denotes any product (and/or component thereof, if it is a product) that complies with the legal definition of chocolate in any jurisdictions, and also includes products (and/or components thereof) in which all or part of the Cocoa Butter (CB) has been replaced by Cocoa Butter Equivalents (CBE) and/or Cocoa Butter Replacers (CBR).
The term "chocolate compound" as used herein means a chocolate-like analog (except where the context clearly indicates otherwise) characterized by the presence of any amount of cocoa solids (which includes cocoa mass/mass, cocoa butter and cocoa powder), although in some jurisdictions the compound may be legally defined by the presence of a minimum amount of cocoa solids.
The term "chocolate product" as used herein denotes chocolate, compounds and other related substances comprising Cocoa Butter (CB), Cocoa Butter Equivalents (CBE), cocoa butter substitutes (CBR) and/or Cocoa Butter Substitutes (CBs). Chocolate products thus include products based on chocolate and/or chocolate analogues and may thus for example be based on dark, milk or white chocolate.
Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, it is also to be understood that any one chocolate product may be used in place of any other chocolate product in the present invention, and neither the term chocolate or compound should be taken as limiting the scope of the invention to a particular type of chocolate product. Preferred chocolate products comprise chocolate and/or compounds, more preferred chocolate products comprise chocolate, and most preferred chocolate products comprise chocolate legally defined in major jurisdictions such as brazil, the european union and/or the united states.
The term "chocolate coating" (also referred to as "chocolate shell") as used herein means a coating made of any chocolate product. The terms "chocolate coating" and "compound coating" may be similarly defined by analogy. Similarly, the terms "chocolate composition (or dough)", "chocolate composition (or dough)" and "compound composition (or dough)" refer to compositions (or dough) comprising chocolate product, chocolate and compound as all or part of their components, respectively. Such compositions and/or dough definitions may of course overlap, depending on their component parts.
The term "chocolate product confection" as used herein denotes any foodstuff comprising a chocolate product and optionally also other ingredients and may thus refer to foodstuffs such as confectionery, wafers, cakes and/or biscuits, whether the chocolate product comprises a chocolate coating and/or the body of the product. The chocolate product confection may comprise the chocolate product in any suitable form, such as inclusions, layers, pieces, tablets and/or drops. The confectionery product may also comprise any other suitable inclusions, such as crispy inclusions, for example cereals (such as puffed and/or roasted rice) and/or dried fruit pieces.
The chocolate products of the invention may be used to mould into tablets and/or bars to coat confectionery products and/or to make more complex confectionery products. Optionally, the inclusions according to the desired recipe may be added to the chocolate product before they are used to prepare the chocolate product confectionery product. As will be apparent to the skilled person, in some cases the product of the invention will have the same formulation and ingredients as the corresponding composition and/or dough, while in other cases, in particular upon addition of the inclusions or for more complex products, the final formulation of the product may differ from the formulation of the composition and/or dough used to prepare it.
In a very preferred embodiment of the invention, the chocolate product confectionery product comprises a substantially solid moulded chocolate tablet, chocolate bar and/or baked product surrounded by a mass of chocolate product. These products are prepared, for example, by: the mould is substantially filled with the chocolate product and optionally inclusions and/or baked product are added thereto to displace the chocolate product from the mould (a so-called wet shelling process), if necessary further filling the mould with the chocolate product. For such highly preferred products of the invention, the chocolate product forms a majority or an entire portion of the product and/or a thick outer layer surrounding the inner baked product (such as a wafer and/or biscuit laminate). Such solid products in which the mould is substantially filled with chocolate are different compared to products comprising moulded thin chocolate shells, which present different challenges. To prepare a thin coated chocolate shell, the mould is coated with a layer of chocolate, inverted to remove excess chocolate and/or stamped with a cold plunger to define the shell shape and largely empty the mould. Thus, the mould is coated with a thin layer of chocolate to which additional ingredients and filling can be added to form the inner body of the product.
Unless the context herein clearly indicates otherwise, the skilled person will also well understand that the term chocolate product confection as used herein can be easily substituted for and equated with the term chocolate confection as used throughout this application, and that these two terms are interchangeable in practice when used informally herein. However, where the meaning of these terms differs in the context given herein, a chocolate confection and/or composite confection is a preferred embodiment of the chocolate product confection of the present invention, one preferred embodiment being a chocolate confection.
Preferred chocolate product confections may comprise one or more ingredients, for example selected from chocolate products, compound products, chocolate coatings and/or compound coatings. The products may include uncoated products such as chocolate bars and/or chocolate tablets with or without inclusions, and/or products coated with chocolate products such as coated biscuits, cakes, wafers and/or other confectionery products. More preferably and/or alternatively, any of the foregoing may comprise one or more cocoa butter substitutes (CBR), Cocoa Butter Equivalents (CBE), Cocoa Butter Substitutes (CBS) and/or any suitable mixtures thereof.
In chocolate product confections, Cocoa Butter (CB) may be replaced by fats from other sources. Such products may typically comprise one or more fats selected from: lauric fats (e.g., cocoa butter replacer (CBS) obtained from palm fruit); non-lauric vegetable fats (e.g., vegetable fats based on palm or other specialty fats); cocoa butter substitute (CBR); cocoa Butter Equivalents (CBE) and/or any suitable mixtures thereof. Some CBEs, CBR and especially CBS may contain mainly saturated fats and very low levels of unsaturated omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids (with health benefits). Thus in one embodiment, this type of fat is less preferred than CB in the chocolate product confection of the present invention.
An embodiment of the invention provides a multi-layered product optionally comprising a plurality of layers of baked foodstuff, preferably selected from one or more wafer and/or biscuit layers and/or one or more filling layers with at least one coating layer therebetween around these layers of foodstuff, the coating comprising a chocolate product according to the invention or prepared according to the invention.
Another embodiment of the invention provides a chocolate product confectionery product further coated with chocolate (or an equivalent thereof, such as a compound), for example a praline, a chocolate shell product and/or a chocolate coated wafer or biscuit, any of which may or may not be delaminated. The chocolate coating may be applied or formed by any suitable method, such as enrobing or moulding. The coating may comprise a chocolate product according to the invention or a chocolate product prepared according to the invention.
Another embodiment of the invention provides a chocolate product confectionery product of and/or for use in the invention comprising a filling surrounded by an outer layer, e.g. praline, chocolate shell product.
In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the foodstuff comprises a multilayer coated chocolate product comprising a multilayer wafer, chocolate product, biscuit and/or baked foodstuff sandwiching a filling, wherein at least one layer or coating is a chocolate product (e.g. chocolate) of the invention. More preferably, the multi-layered product comprises a chocolate product confectionery product selected from a sandwich biscuit, a cookie, a wafer, a muffin, an extruded snack and/or a praline (e.g. as described herein). An example of such a product is a multi-layer laminate of baked wafers and/or biscuit layers sandwiched with filling and coated with chocolate.
The baked foodstuff used in the present invention may be sweet or salty. Preferred baked foodstuffs may include baked grain foodstuffs, the term of which includes foodstuffs comprising grains and/or legumes. Baked cereal foodstuffs are more preferred, most preferably baked wheat foodstuffs, such as wafers and/or biscuits. The wafers may be flat or shaped (e.g. into a roll or basket of ice cream) and the biscuits may have many different shapes, but preferably the wafers and/or biscuits are flat so that they may be usefully laminated with the confectionery filling (and optionally fruit-based filling) of the invention. More preferred wafers are non-salty wafers, e.g. having a sweet or raw flavour.
A non-limiting list of possible baked foodstuffs that may comprise a chocolate composition comprising the chocolate product of the invention and/or the chocolate product for use in the invention is selected from: high fat biscuits, cakes, breads, pastries and/or pies; such as selected from: ANZAC biscuit, Italian cracker, pancake, Turkish sweet cookie (kurabiye), pepper honey cookie, ginger cake (leckerli), macarons, chocolate sandwich biscuit, butter cookie, digestive biscuit, cassada sauce, extruded snack, Florence tile shortbread (florentine), currant jam gingerbread (gairbaldi ginerbread), Greek easter twisted biscuit (koulokia), Greek traditional butter cookie (kourabiedes), Linz cake, muffin, orlistat, milk biscuit, peanut butter cookie, almond cake (polvor Lolo n), pani egg cracker (pizzelle), spiced salt cracker, croissant, shortbread, cookies, fruit pie (e.g. apple pie, cherry pie), lemon cream pound cake (lemon drizzle cake), banana bread, radish cake, walnut pie, apple roll, nut honey cake, berlin donut (berliner), french holeless donut (bichonau ritron), and/or the like.
Preferably, the chocolate product of the invention or prepared according to the invention may be suitable for use as one or more coatings and/or fillings (in whole or in part as a component).
The coating and/or filling may comprise multiple phases, for example one or more solid and/or fluid phases, such as a fat and/or aqueous liquid phase and/or a gas phase, such as an emulsifier, dispersion, cream and/or foam.
Accordingly, another aspect of the invention broadly comprises a foodstuff comprising a chocolate product as described herein.
A further aspect of the invention broadly comprises the use of a chocolate product of the invention or prepared according to the invention as a chocolate product confectionery product of the invention as described herein and/or as a filling and/or coating for a foodstuff.
Specific product of the invention
In one embodiment of the invention, the presence of cocoa pulp and/or an extract of cocoa pulp provides a foodstuff product that is different from the product, in particular a confectionery product, preferably a chocolate product.
In a preferred embodiment the invention provides a composition comprising pentanol acetate, preferably 2-pentanol acetate, preferably the invention provides a confectionery product comprising pentanol acetate, preferably 2-pentanol acetate, and most preferably a chocolate product comprising pentanol acetate, preferably 2-pentanol acetate.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a composition comprising heptanol acetate, preferably 2-heptanol acetate, preferably the present invention provides a confectionery product comprising heptanol acetate, preferably 2-heptanol acetate, and most preferably provides a chocolate product comprising heptanol acetate, preferably 2-heptanol acetate.
In a preferred embodiment, the combined amount of pentanol acetate and heptanol acetate and the amount of furfural present in the confectionery product, preferably chocolate, is present in a ratio of more than 0.75:1.0, preferably more than 1.50:1.0, such as preferably more than 2.00:1.0, more than 3.00:1.0, more than 5.00:1.0 or more than 6.50: 1.0. In a preferred embodiment, the combined amount of pentanol acetate and heptanol acetate and the amount of linalool present in the confectionery product, preferably chocolate, is present in a ratio of less than 10.0:1.0 or less than 9.0:1.0, such as between 0.75:1.0 and 10.0: 1.0.
In a preferred embodiment the combined amount of pentanol acetate and heptanol acetate and the amount of linalool present in the confectionery product, preferably chocolate, is present in a ratio of more than 1.20:1.0, preferably more than 1.40:1.0, such as preferably more than 2.00:1.0, more than 3.00:1.0, more than 5.00:1.0 or more than 6.50: 1.0. In a preferred embodiment, the combined amount of pentanol acetate and heptanol acetate and the amount of linalool present in the confectionery product, preferably chocolate, is present in a ratio of less than 12.0:1.0 or less than 10.0:1.0, such as between 1.20:1.0 and 12.0: 1.0.
The above results are preferably obtained using GC-MS (Gas chromatography mass spectrometry), preferably using the GC-MS protocol listed in the examples of the present specification. The above results can be obtained from peak areas of the respective peaks when measured according to the standards mentioned in the examples.
In a preferred embodiment, the amount of pentanol acetate present in the confectionery product, preferably chocolate, is such that the peak area ratio with respect to the criteria defined below is greater than 0.05:1.0, preferably greater than 0.10:1.0, preferably greater than 0.20:1.0 (e.g. greater than 0.25:1.0, greater than 0.50:1.0 or greater than 1.0: 1.0).
In a preferred embodiment, the amount of pentanol acetate present in the confectionery product, preferably chocolate, is such that the peak area ratio relative to the standard defined below is less than 2.00:1.0, preferably less than 1.75:1.0, preferably less than 1.50:1.0 (e.g. less than 0.75:1.0, less than 0.30:1.0 or less than 0.25: 1.0). A preferred embodiment of the above has a peak area ratio of 0.05:1.0 to 2.00: 1.0.
In a preferred embodiment, the amount of heptanol acetate present in the confectionery product, preferably chocolate, is such that the peak area ratio with respect to the criteria defined below is greater than 0.03:1.0, preferably greater than 0.05:1.0, preferably greater than 0.10:1.0 (e.g. greater than 0.15:1.0, greater than 0.20:1.0 or greater than 0.40: 1.0).
In a preferred embodiment, the amount of pentanol acetate present in the confectionery product, preferably chocolate, is such that the peak area ratio relative to the standard defined below is less than 1.00:1.0, preferably less than 0.85:1.0, preferably less than 0.75:1.0 (e.g. less than 0.65:1.0, less than 0.60:1.0 or less than 0.50: 1.0). One preferred embodiment of the above has a peak area ratio of 0.03:1.0 to 1.00: 1.0.
In one embodiment of the invention, the foodstuff, preferably the confectionery product, comprises between 5 and 65 wt%, preferably between 10 and 65 wt%, more preferably between 15 and 60 wt%, more preferably between 20 and 60 wt%, for example between 20 and 55 wt%, 20 and 40 wt%, 34 to 58 wt% or 37 to 50 wt% cocoa pulp (preferably dry) or cocoa pulp extract (preferably dry) of the foodstuff, preferably the confectionery product.
In one embodiment of the invention, a composition comprising cocoa pulp or cocoa pulp extract and cocoa mass is provided, preferably wherein a portion (preferably all) of the sugars in the composition are provided by the cocoa pulp, cocoa pulp extract.
In one embodiment of the invention, the cocoa pulp or extract of cocoa pulp (preferably in powder form) is dispersed throughout the confectionery product. In a preferred embodiment, the cocoa pulp or extract of cocoa pulp is dispersed in a continuous fat phase of the confectionery product, preferably together with the cocoa butter phase. In a preferred embodiment, the cocoa pulp or extract of cocoa pulp is a dry powder dispersed in a cocoa butter matrix in the confectionery product.
In one embodiment of the invention, the cocoa pulp or extract of cocoa pulp may be in the form of inclusions, preferably in a size of 0.5 to 15.0mm, for example 1.0 to 10.0 mm. In one embodiment, the particle size of 10 or more sample pieces can be measured with a ruler, preferably 10 sample pieces and averaged, with the longest diameter estimated by the eye.
In a preferred embodiment, the inclusions are dispersible in the continuous fat phase of the confectionery product, preferably together with the cocoa butter phase.
Alternatively, the powder and/or inclusions may be present in the filling of the confectionery, preferably in the filling of the chocolate product.
In one embodiment of the invention, the extract of cocoa pulp or cocoa pulp is the main sugar source in the foodstuff, preferably the confectionery product, preferably the cocoa sugar constitutes more than 60 wt.%, preferably more than 75 wt.%, more preferably more than 80 wt.%, more preferably more than 85 wt.%, more preferably more than 90 wt.%, more preferably more than 95 wt.% and more preferably 100 wt.% of the sugar in the foodstuff, preferably the confectionery product.
In one embodiment of the invention, a composition comprising a cocoa pulp extract and a cocoa mass and no added sugar is provided.
In one embodiment, depending on the final product, the confectionery product comprises between 0 and 95% by weight, preferably between 0 and 85% by weight of the confectionery product of cocoa mass, for example between 45 and 80%, less than 5% or between 8 and 12% by weight of the confectionery product of cocoa mass.
In one embodiment, depending on the final product, the confectionery product comprises between 0 and 35 wt% cocoa butter of the confectionery product, preferably between 0 and 30 wt%, for example between 6 and 15 wt%, less than 5 wt% or between 20 and 35 wt% cocoa butter of the confectionery product. In one embodiment, the cocoa butter is added independently of any cocoa butter present in the cocoa mass.
In one embodiment of the invention, the chocolate product is selected from the group consisting of milk chocolate, black chocolate and white chocolate.
In the present invention, the cocoa mass consists essentially of cocoa solids and cocoa butter.
In one embodiment, the cocoa mass is a cocoa mass, preferably solid or semi-solid at ambient temperature (e.g., 20 ℃). In one embodiment, the cocoa mass can be steamed. In one embodiment, the cocoa mass can be an ariba cocoa mass.
In one embodiment, the composition consists essentially of cocoa mass and cocoa pulp extract, or consists essentially of cocoa mass and dried cocoa pulp.
In the present invention, the term "consisting essentially of means at least 95.0 wt.%, more preferably at least 97.5 wt.%, more preferably at least 98.0 wt.%, and more preferably at least 99.0 wt.%, preferably up to and including 100.0 wt.%.
In one embodiment, the invention provides a chocolate consisting of a cocoa mass and a cocoa pulp extract.
In one embodiment, the composition further comprises at least one component selected from the group consisting of flavoring agents, milk-based components, emulsifiers, cocoa butter and additional sugars, preferably at least one component selected from the group consisting of milk-based components, emulsifiers and cocoa butter.
In one embodiment, the composition further comprises at least one component selected from the group consisting of a milk-based component, an emulsifier and cocoa butter, preferably at least one component selected from the group consisting of a milk-based component, an emulsifier and cocoa butter.
In one embodiment, if cocoa butter is used in addition to the cocoa mass, the amount of additional cocoa butter is less than 20%, preferably less than 15% and preferably greater than 2.5%, preferably greater than 5.0%, for example between 2.5% and 20% by weight of the chocolate product composition.
In one embodiment of the invention, the milk-based component is selected from the group consisting of non-fat milk solids, milk powder (optionally full fat, skimmed or semi-skimmed) and milk fat. In one embodiment, the dairy product may be spray dried within standard parameters to produce these known products.
In one embodiment, the emulsifier is selected from lecithin, polyglycerol polyricinoleate and phosphoramidate. In one embodiment, the amount of emulsifier may comprise between 0.05 and 1.0% by weight of the composition, preferably between 0.1 and 0.5% by weight. Alternatively, no emulsifier may be present.
In one embodiment, the flavour may be any flavour normally used in chocolate manufacture, such as vanilla-based/vanilla extract (e.g. vanillin) or hazelnut-based/hazelnut extract (e.g. hazelnut butter or hazelnut oil).
In one embodiment, the composition comprises inclusions. The inclusions may be any inclusions commonly used in the art, such as fruit-based inclusions, nut-based inclusions, cereal-based inclusions, and yogurt-based inclusions, for example. The inclusions may take those commonly used forms such as potato chips, flakes, and the like. The inclusions may be present in an amount of from 2.5% to 25% by weight of the chocolate product.
In one embodiment, the invention relates to a white chocolate composition, for example a composition comprising between 10 and 65 wt% cocoa pulp (preferably dry) or cocoa pulp extract (preferably dry) and between 20 and 60 wt% milk powder (optionally a mixture of whole and skimmed milk powder).
Specific non-limiting chocolate formulations are now described. In all of the following embodiments, the percentages relate to weight% of the total chocolate product.
In one embodiment, the chocolate product composition comprises:
45-80% of cocoa mass
10-55% of cocoa pulp extract of the invention
0-5% of cocoa butter
0.0-0.5% lecithin
In one embodiment, the chocolate product composition comprises:
8-12% of cocoa mass
34-58% of the cocoa pulp extract of the invention,
18-25% of cocoa butter
3.5-6.5% of milk fat
15-30% of milk powder
0.3-0.5 lecithin
In one embodiment, the chocolate product composition comprises:
37-50% of the cocoa pulp extract of the invention,
18-24% non-fat milk solids
4-7% of milk fat
22-35 (optionally deodorized) cocoa butter
20-40% milk powder
0.2-0.5 lecithin
In one embodiment of the invention, the chocolate product is a process for the preparation comprising conventional fermentation and baking processes of cocoa beans well known in the art.
In one embodiment, the cocoa pods are unfermented, fermenting, or fermented. In one embodiment, the above terms may be defined as follows. Fermentation is usually carried out between 2 and 6 days, depending on the variety, source and flavor to be delivered. Unfermented means that no intentional fermentation is performed and that fermentation is occurring for less than 2 days.
In an alternative embodiment, the chocolate product of the invention is non-baked. By non-baked is meant that the composition is produced by a non-baking process in which its cocoa solids components (such as cocoa beans, meats, etc.) are not subjected to high temperatures (e.g., 140 ℃ or greater, or 120 ℃ or greater) for long periods of time (e.g., 30 minutes or greater). Without wishing to be bound by any mechanism, it is believed that in the no-bake process, the conditions are that the temperature is not high enough (preferably less than 120 ℃, more preferably less than or equal to 110 ℃, even more preferably less than or equal to 100 ℃, most preferably less than or equal to 90 ℃, e.g. less than or equal to 80 ℃) and/or the duration is short enough (preferably less than 30 minutes, more preferably less than 20 minutes, even more preferably less than 10 minutes, most preferably less than 5 minutes, e.g. less than 4 minutes) and therefore does not allow for any degree of undesired chemical reactions such as Maillard reactions and therefore does not produce significant amounts of flavour active complexes, which might otherwise give a strong baked flavour to the composition. The baking process or step will be distinguished from treatments such as flash heating in which the raw ingredients such as cocoa beans and/or meats can be treated at high temperatures (typically 120 ℃ to 160 ℃) for a very short period of time (typically no more than 200 seconds) to inactivate any microbial contaminants so that the ingredients are safe for human consumption. Such antimicrobial and/or sterilization treatments and/or steps are still considered to be within the scope of the no-bake process.
Thus, the present invention provides a chocolate product derived from one source, namely cocoa pods.
Accordingly, the present invention provides a process for preparing a confectionery product wherein the ingredients of the confectionery product are combined with cocoa pulp (preferably dried) or cocoa pulp extract.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention also provides a method for producing a confectionery foodstuff comprising the steps of:
a. treating cocoa pulp or an extract of cocoa pulp to reduce the polysaccharide content and/or treating cocoa pulp or an extract of cocoa pulp to adjust the pH,
b. drying the product of step a, and
c. combining the product of step b with at least one other ingredient present in the confectionery foodstuff.
In a preferred embodiment, the above process relates to the preparation of a chocolate product, preferably chocolate, and the at least one other ingredient is a cocoa mass.
In one embodiment of the invention, a process for producing a chocolate product is provided wherein all the ingredients are derived from cocoa pods, i.e. the chocolate product consists essentially of ingredients derived from cocoa pods.
In one embodiment of the invention, in the production of chocolate products, the dried cocoa pulp or cocoa pulp extract is combined with other ingredients at the point where the added sugar is typically introduced.
In one embodiment of the invention, a process for preparing a chocolate product is provided, the process comprising the step of combining a cocoa mass with cocoa pulp or an extract of cocoa pulp. In one embodiment, combining cocoa pulp or an extract of cocoa pulp can be carried out by any device conventionally used to combine sugar with cocoa mass, such as any device used in conventional chocolate production.
In one embodiment, the chocolate composition of the invention may be refined using known suitable equipment. In a preferred embodiment, the chocolate is refined to ensure a non-granular texture. For example, refining may be performed to achieve a particle size (D90 as measured by a Malvern Mastersizer 3000) of less than 50 microns, preferably between 15 and 35 microns.
In one embodiment, chocolate is prepared using a conventional conching process. In a preferred embodiment, the temperature in the refining step does not exceed 60 ℃, preferably does not exceed 57.5 ℃ and preferably does not exceed 56 ℃. By controlling the temperature during this step, charring of the pulp is avoided and the texture of the final product is non-grainy. In a preferred embodiment, the temperature is greater than 30 ℃, preferably greater than 35 ℃ or greater than 40 ℃ or greater than 45 ℃.
In one embodiment, refining is carried out for a period of greater than 1.5 hours, preferably greater than or equal to 2 hours, preferably greater than or equal to 2.5 hours. In one embodiment, refining is carried out for a period of less than 8 hours, preferably less than 6 hours.
In one embodiment, refining is carried out at a temperature between 30 ℃ and 60 ℃ for a period of time from 1.5 hours to 8 hours.
In one embodiment, the refining speed is between 200rpm and 2000rpm, preferably between 400rpm and 1600 rpm.
In a preferred embodiment, the cocoa pulp and/or cocoa pulp extract is not charred, e.g., the process steps used to produce the compositions of the invention do not result in charring.
In one embodiment, the refining speed and/or temperature may vary over the refining steps within the above ranges.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
The plural forms of terms as used herein are to be construed to include the singular form and vice versa, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
In all ranges defined above, the endpoints are included in the range of the range written to. Additionally, the endpoints of the broadest range in one embodiment can be combined with the endpoints of the narrower range.
It should be understood that the sum of any quantities expressed as percentages herein cannot (allow for rounding errors) exceed 100%. For example, when expressed as a weight (or other) percentage of a composition (or the same portion thereof), the sum of all components comprised by the composition (or portion thereof) of the present invention can amount to 100%, allowing for rounding errors. However, where the list of components is non-exhaustive, the sum of each percentage of these components may be less than 100% to allow for a percentage of the additional amount of any additional components not explicitly described herein.
As used herein, the term "substantially" may refer to a quantity or entity representing a substantial or majority portion. "substantially" when related in the context of its use may be understood to mean quantitatively (with respect to any number or entity to which it relates in the context of the specification) that includes a proportion of at least 80%, preferably at least 85%, more preferably at least 90%, most preferably at least 95%, particularly at least 98%, for example about 100% of the relevant whole. Similarly, the term "substantially free" may similarly mean that the quantity or entity to which it relates comprises no more than 20%, preferably no more than 15%, more preferably no more than 10%, most preferably no more than 5%, especially no more than 2%, for example about 0%, of the relevant whole. Preferably, such percentages are by weight, where applicable (e.g., in the case of amounts of ingredients).
The percentages listed are by weight unless otherwise indicated.
The invention is further described by reference to non-limiting specific examples.
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