阅读说明：本技术 一种金属/陶瓷复合多孔材料的制备方法 (Preparation method of metal/ceramic composite porous material ) 是由 王耀奇 褚楚 李红 侯红亮 于 2019-10-23 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及金属/陶瓷复合多孔材料的制备方法,该方法以铝合金、铝锂合金、镁合金、镁锂合金等为金属基体,SiC空心球、Al<Sub>2</Sub>O<Sub>3</Sub>空心球、Al<Sub>2</Sub>O<Sub>3</Sub>/SiO<Sub>2</Sub>空心球等为空心球材料,首先将金属基体熔化,然后让熔化后的金属渗透穿过堆积的陶瓷空心球,在此过程中,熔融的金属将附着在空心球表面上或堆积在空心球之间,通过多次反复的渗透可以控制空心球表面或之间的金属厚度,冷却至室温后陶瓷空心球之间将获得有效的连接,从而制备出金属/陶瓷复合多孔材料。(The invention relates to a preparation method of a metal/ceramic composite porous material, which takes aluminum alloy, aluminum-lithium alloy, magnesium-lithium alloy and the like as metal matrixes, SiC hollow spheres and Al 2 O 3 Hollow sphere, Al 2 O 3 /SiO 2 The hollow spheres are made of hollow sphere materials, firstly, a metal matrix is melted, then the melted metal penetrates through the stacked ceramic hollow spheres, in the process, the melted metal is attached to the surfaces of the hollow spheres or stacked among the hollow spheres, the thickness of the metal on the surfaces of the hollow spheres or among the hollow spheres can be controlled through repeated penetration, and the ceramic hollow spheres are effectively connected after being cooled to room temperature, so that the metal/ceramic composite porous material is prepared.)

1. The preparation method of the metal/ceramic composite porous material is characterized by comprising the following operation steps:

(1) the first perforated plate, the hollow ball, the second perforated plate and the metal substrate are sequentially arranged in the jacket, wherein the hole diameters of the first perforated plate and the second perforated plate are smaller than the diameter of the hollow ball, the space in the jacket is divided into three areas by the first perforated plate and the second perforated plate, and the first air guide pipe and the second air guide pipe are connected outside the jacket;

(2) connecting the sealed sheath with a loading air source and a vacuum unit through a first valve, a second valve, a third valve and a fourth valve;

(3) opening a fourth valve, vacuumizing the sheath by using a vacuum unit, and closing the fourth valve;

(4) placing the sheath in a box-type resistance furnace, starting heating the sheath, and preserving the temperature for 60min when the temperature in the sheath rises to the melting temperature of the metal matrix, so as to melt the metal matrix and obtain a melt;

(5) opening a first valve, introducing inert gas, loading air pressure on the melt, maintaining the pressure, and closing the first valve;

(6) turning the sheath up and down;

(7) opening a third valve, vacuumizing the sheath by using a vacuum machine set, and then closing the third valve;

(8) opening a second valve, introducing inert gas, loading air pressure on the melt, maintaining the pressure, and closing the second valve;

(9) turning the sheath up and down;

(10) repeating the processes of the steps (3), (5), (6), (7), (8) and (9) for 1-5 times;

(11) taking the sheath out of the box-type resistance furnace, and air-cooling to room temperature;

(12) removing the sheath by mechanical processing, and taking out the porous material.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first perforated plate and the second perforated plate divide the space in the envelope into three regions, and the height of the uppermost region is equal to the height of the lowermost region.

3. The method for preparing a metal/ceramic composite porous material according to claim 1, wherein the hollow spheres are SiC hollow spheres and Al₂O₃Hollow sphere, Al₂O₃/SiO₂Hollow spheres, B₄C hollow ball, TiC hollow ball, AlN hollow ball and ZrO₂One or a mixture of several of the hollow spheres, and the diameter of the hollow spheres is 0.5-5 mm.

4. The method for preparing a metal/ceramic composite porous material according to claim 1, wherein the metal matrix is any one of aluminum alloy, aluminum lithium alloy, magnesium alloy and magnesium lithium alloy.

5. The method for preparing a metal/ceramic composite porous material according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the first perforated plate and the second perforated plate are fixed to the sheath wall by argon arc welding, and the sheath is sealed by argon arc welding.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the degree of vacuum in the envelope is less than 10^-2pa。

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the inert gas is any one of nitrogen, argon and helium, and the purity of the inert gas is 99.99%.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pressure of the gas above the melt is 0.1-2MPa and the pressure holding time is 5-10min after the inert gas is introduced to the porous metal/ceramic composite material to apply the gas pressure.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of metal matrix composite material preparation, in particular to a preparation method of a metal/ceramic composite porous material.

Background

The porous material is a novel material containing a large number of pores therein, and there are metal porous materials, ceramic porous materials, and the like according to the difference of the matrix materials. Different porous materials have different performance characteristics, for example, metal porous materials have the characteristics of light weight, high specific strength, energy absorption and shock absorption, noise reduction, electromagnetic shielding and the like, and ceramic porous materials have the characteristics of good chemical thermal stability and good heat resistance. Therefore, the metal and the ceramic are compounded together to form a novel porous material, and the novel porous material has more excellent comprehensive performance.

At present, the preparation methods of porous materials are various, and the preparation methods of metal porous materials mainly comprise a powder sintering method, a melt casting method, a metal deposition method and the like; the preparation method of the ceramic porous material mainly comprises a powder sintering method, a slurry consolidation method, a gel casting method and the like. The porous materials have different preparation process routes due to different selected matrix materials.

Disclosure of Invention

(1) Technical problem to be solved

At present, the preparation methods of porous materials have defects, and the preparation of metal/ceramic composite porous materials cannot be realized.

(2) Technical scheme

A preparation method of a metal/ceramic composite porous material comprises the following operation steps:

(1) the first perforated plate, the hollow ball, the second perforated plate and the metal substrate are sequentially arranged in the jacket, wherein the hole diameters of the first perforated plate and the second perforated plate are smaller than the diameter of the hollow ball, the space in the jacket is divided into three areas by the first perforated plate and the second perforated plate, and the first air guide pipe and the second air guide pipe are connected outside the jacket;

(2) connecting the sealed sheath with a loading air source and a vacuum unit through a first valve, a second valve, a third valve and a fourth valve;

(3) opening a fourth valve, vacuumizing the sheath by using a vacuum unit, and closing the fourth valve;

(4) placing the sheath in a box-type resistance furnace, starting heating the sheath, and when the temperature in the sheath rises to the melting temperature of the metal matrix, preserving the temperature for 5-60min, so that the metal matrix is melted to obtain a melt;

(5) opening a first valve, introducing inert gas, loading air pressure on the melt, maintaining the pressure, and closing the first valve;

(6) turning the sheath up and down;

(7) opening a third valve, vacuumizing the sheath by using a vacuum machine set, and then closing the third valve;

(8) opening a second valve, introducing inert gas, loading air pressure on the melt, maintaining the pressure, and closing the second valve;

(9) turning the sheath up and down;

(10) repeating the processes of the steps (3), (5), (6), (7), (8) and (9) for 1-5 times;

(11) taking the sheath out of the box-type resistance furnace, and air-cooling to room temperature;

(12) removing the sheath by mechanical processing, and taking out the porous material.

Further, after the space in the casing is divided into three regions by the first perforated plate and the second perforated plate, the height of the uppermost region is equal to the height of the lowermost region.

Further, the hollow ball is a SiC hollow ball and Al₂O₃Hollow sphere, Al₂O₃/SiO₂Hollow spheres, B₄C hollow ball, TiC hollow ball, AlN hollow ball and ZrO₂One or a mixture of several of the hollow spheres, and the diameter of the hollow spheres is 0.5-5 mm.

Further, the metal matrix is any one of aluminum alloy, aluminum lithium alloy, magnesium alloy and magnesium lithium alloy.

Further, in the step (1), the first perforated plate, the second perforated plate and the sheath wall are fixed by argon arc welding, and the sheath is sealed by argon arc welding.

Further, after the vacuum pumping, the vacuum degree in the ladle is less than 10^-2pa。

Further, the inert gas is any one of nitrogen, argon and helium, and the purity of the inert gas is 99.99%.

Further, after the inert gas is introduced to load the air pressure, the gas pressure above the melt is 0.1-2MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 5-10 min.

(3) Advantageous effects

1. By adopting the method provided by the invention, the metal/ceramic composite porous material can be prepared, and compared with the metal porous material, the material has more excellent specific strength, good heat insulation performance, electromagnetic shielding performance and the like;

2. the composite material is prepared by adopting a sheathing method, the required equipment is simple, only a box-type resistance furnace is needed, and the preparation process is carried out under the vacuum condition, so that the prepared material is prevented from external pollution such as oxidation and the like, raw material combustion and the like can be avoided, the process safety of the preparation process is ensured, the process is simple, and the cost is low.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the preparation of a metal/ceramic composite porous material according to the present invention;

the device comprises a high-purity inert gas tank, a first valve, a second valve, a third valve, a fourth valve, a first gas guide pipe, a box-type resistance furnace, a sheath, a metal matrix, a hollow ball, a perforated plate, a vacuum gauge and a vacuum unit, wherein the high-purity inert gas tank is 1-2-the first valve, the second valve, the third valve, the fourth valve, the first gas guide pipe, the box-type resistance furnace, the sheath is 8-9-the metal matrix, the hollow ball is 10-.

FIG. 2 is a photograph showing a final product of a metal/ceramic composite porous material obtained in example 1 of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples. The following detailed description of the embodiments and the accompanying drawings are provided to illustrate the principles of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, i.e., the invention is not limited to the embodiments described, but covers any modifications, alterations, and improvements in the parts, components, and connections without departing from the spirit of the invention.

It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.