阅读说明：本技术 一种用于岩土力学试验设备的专用动静组合液压缸 (Special dynamic and static combined hydraulic cylinder for rock-soil mechanical test equipment ) 是由 张均利 陆宝春 张鸿鹄 姚佳琛 于 2019-09-05 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种用于岩土力学试验设备的专用动静组合液压缸,包括静态加载液压缸缸筒、静载加载液压缸柱塞、静态加载液压缸端盖、动态加载液压缸前端盖、动态加载液压缸后端盖、动载加载液压缸活塞杆、均布载荷补偿液压缸端盖、均布载荷补偿液压缸活塞杆、静态载荷传递垫、动态载荷传递垫、保持架以及加载头。动态加载液压缸集成在静态加载液压缸内,通过动态加载液压缸进出油口的充油和出油实现动态载荷的高频加载,通过静态加载液压缸控制油口的充油实现柱塞伸出以实现静态载荷的加载。本发明采用单个液压缸单元同时实现了静态载荷和动态载荷的加载过程,在保证加载头始终保持与试件加载面贴合的同时保证了静态载荷在试件被加载面均匀分布。(The invention discloses a special dynamic and static combined hydraulic cylinder for rock-soil mechanical test equipment, which comprises a static loading hydraulic cylinder barrel, a static loading hydraulic cylinder plunger, a static loading hydraulic cylinder end cover, a dynamic loading hydraulic cylinder front end cover, a dynamic loading hydraulic cylinder rear end cover, a dynamic loading hydraulic cylinder piston rod, an evenly distributed load compensation hydraulic cylinder end cover, an evenly distributed load compensation hydraulic cylinder piston rod, a static load transfer pad, a dynamic load transfer pad, a retainer and a loading head. The dynamic loading hydraulic cylinder is integrated in the static loading hydraulic cylinder, the high-frequency loading of the dynamic load is realized by oil charging and discharging of an oil inlet and an oil outlet of the dynamic loading hydraulic cylinder, and the static loading hydraulic cylinder controls the oil charging of the oil inlet to realize the extension of the plunger so as to realize the loading of the static load. The invention adopts a single hydraulic cylinder unit to simultaneously realize the loading process of static load and dynamic load, and ensures that the loading head is always attached to the loading surface of the test piece and the static load is uniformly distributed on the loaded surface of the test piece.)

1. The utility model provides a dedicated sound combination pneumatic cylinder for ground mechanics test equipment which characterized in that: comprises that

A cylinder barrel (1) of the static load hydraulic cylinder, which is cylindrical, wherein one end part of the cylinder barrel is provided with an end cover, the center of the end cover is provided with a first through hole arranged along the axial direction of the cylinder,

the rear end cover (2) of the dynamic load hydraulic cylinder and the front end cover (3) of the dynamic load hydraulic cylinder are respectively in transition fit with the two ends of the first through hole,

a first end of a dynamic load hydraulic cylinder piston rod (4) passes through the first through hole, a dynamic load hydraulic cylinder rear end cover (2) and a dynamic load hydraulic cylinder front end cover (3) and extends into an inner cavity of the static load hydraulic cylinder barrel (1) and abuts against a dynamic load transfer pad (11),

a static load hydraulic cylinder plunger (5) and a static load hydraulic cylinder end cover (10) are sleeved on the first end of the dynamic load hydraulic cylinder piston rod (4) and are in clearance fit with the first end,

the static load transfer pad (9) is arranged at the open end of the cylinder barrel (1) of the static load hydraulic cylinder and is positioned by the retainer (7), so that the static load transfer pad (9) can rotate in the retainer (7) and cannot fall off;

the loading head (12) is abutted against the dynamic load transfer pad (11) and is fixedly connected with the static load transfer pad (9);

a plurality of second-order blind holes are annularly distributed on the end face, close to a static load transfer pad (9), of a static load hydraulic cylinder plunger (5), a piston rod (6) of the uniformly distributed load compensation hydraulic cylinder and an end cover (8) of the uniformly distributed load compensation hydraulic cylinder are arranged in each second-order blind hole, and the first end of the piston rod (6) of the uniformly distributed load compensation hydraulic cylinder extends out of the blind hole from the end cover (8) of the uniformly distributed load compensation hydraulic cylinder.

2. The special dynamic and static combined hydraulic cylinder for the geotechnical test equipment according to claim 1, wherein: and an end cover of the static load hydraulic cylinder barrel (1) is also provided with a first dynamic load hydraulic cylinder oil inlet and outlet (14) and a second dynamic load hydraulic cylinder oil inlet and outlet (15) which are communicated with the first through hole, and the outer wall of the cylinder is provided with a static load hydraulic cylinder control oil port (13) which is communicated with the inner cavity of the cylinder.

3. The special dynamic and static combined hydraulic cylinder for the geotechnical test equipment according to claim 1, wherein: the piston heads of the piston rods (6) of the load compensation hydraulic cylinders are uniformly distributed in the second-order blind holes.

4. The special dynamic and static combined hydraulic cylinder for the geotechnical test equipment according to claim 1, wherein: the outer wall of the dynamic load hydraulic cylinder piston rod (4) is provided with a circle of boss, the boss is located between the dynamic load hydraulic cylinder rear end cover (2) and the dynamic load hydraulic cylinder front end cover (3), a cavity formed between the boss of the dynamic load hydraulic cylinder piston rod (4) and the dynamic load hydraulic cylinder rear end cover (2) is communicated with the second dynamic load hydraulic cylinder oil inlet and outlet (15), and a cavity formed between the boss of the dynamic load hydraulic cylinder piston rod (4) and the dynamic load hydraulic cylinder front end cover (3) is communicated with the first dynamic load hydraulic cylinder oil inlet and outlet (14).

5. The special dynamic and static combined hydraulic cylinder for the geotechnical test equipment according to claim 1, wherein: the static load hydraulic cylinder plunger (5) is cylindrical, an arc-shaped groove is formed in the first end face, a tapered groove is formed in the second end face, a third-order through hole with the diameter decreasing progressively is formed in the bottom of the arc-shaped groove from the bottom of the arc-shaped groove to the bottom of the tapered groove, the second end face is close to the end cover of the static load hydraulic cylinder barrel (1), the dynamic load hydraulic cylinder front end cover (3) is in a second-order boss shape, a second through hole is formed in the axial direction of the dynamic load hydraulic cylinder front end cover and is arranged in the third-order through hole, and a dynamic load hydraulic cylinder piston rod (4) penetrates through the third-order through hole and the second through hole and is in.

6. The special dynamic and static combined hydraulic cylinder for the geotechnical test equipment according to claim 5, wherein: and a sealing ring is arranged between the dynamic load hydraulic cylinder piston rod (4) and the second through hole.

7. The special dynamic and static combined hydraulic cylinder for the geotechnical test equipment according to claim 1, wherein: the one end terminal surface of static load transmission pad (9) is equipped with the arc arch, and it has a third through-hole to open towards the arc arch from the other end, and the arc arch cooperates with the arc recess of static load hydraulic cylinder plunger (5), and the third through-hole aperture matches with the maximum aperture phase of three-step through-hole, and dynamic load hydraulic cylinder piston rod (4) stretches into the third through-hole, supports dynamic load transmission pad (11).

8. The special dynamic and static combined hydraulic cylinder for the geotechnical test equipment according to claim 1, wherein: and a second bulge is arranged at the center of the end face at one end of the loading head (12) and extends into the third through hole for abutting against the dynamic load transfer pad (11).

9. The special dynamic and static combined hydraulic cylinder for the geotechnical test equipment according to claim 1, wherein: the height of the static load hydraulic cylinder plunger (5) is less than the height of the inner cavity of the static load hydraulic cylinder barrel (1).

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of hydraulic machinery, in particular to a special dynamic and static combined hydraulic cylinder for rock and soil mechanical test equipment.

Background

In the existing rock-soil mechanical test equipment, in order to realize the uniform application of static load on a loaded surface of a test piece, most of adopted static load hydraulic cylinders are dot-matrix hydraulic cylinder groups.

Zhou Hui, Boamanzi, Zhang Chongqing and so on in the rock burst physical simulation test research status quo and thinking, mentioned a uniform distribution pressure loader, using the dot-matrix static load hydraulic cylinder group to load the loaded surface of the test piece, because the dot-matrix static load hydraulic cylinder group has a plurality of static load hydraulic cylinder loading units, the whole loaded surface of the test piece is divided into scattered unit loading surfaces with the same number of hydraulic cylinder units as the static load hydraulic cylinder group, thus easily damaging the loaded surface of the test piece, causing the loaded surface of the whole rock test piece to be seriously damaged, being not beneficial to the observation of the test piece, causing great influence to the test result of the rock test, and the whole static load hydraulic cylinder group has higher use cost, more complex laying of the hydraulic pipeline, not compact enough structure, larger occupied space, easy occurrence of the leakage and other faults, the troubleshooting is complex, the application process of the dynamic load cannot be completed, and the load state borne by the rock test piece cannot be really simulated.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a special dynamic and static combined hydraulic cylinder for rock mechanical test equipment, which has the advantages of compact and simple structure, no damage to the loaded surface of a test piece, capability of adjusting the distribution state of static load on the loaded surface of the test piece and capability of simultaneously applying static load and dynamic load to the loaded surface of the test piece.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a dedicated sound combination pneumatic cylinder for ground mechanics test equipment includes

The cylinder barrel of the static load hydraulic cylinder is cylindrical, one end part of the cylinder barrel is provided with an end cover, the center of the end cover is provided with a first through hole which is arranged along the axial direction of the cylinder,

the rear end cover of the dynamic load hydraulic cylinder and the front end cover of the dynamic load hydraulic cylinder are respectively in transition fit with the two ends of the first through hole,

a first end of the dynamic load hydraulic cylinder piston rod passes through the first through hole, the rear end cover of the dynamic load hydraulic cylinder and the front end cover of the dynamic load hydraulic cylinder and extends into the inner cavity of the cylinder barrel of the static load hydraulic cylinder and abuts against the dynamic load transfer pad,

the static load hydraulic cylinder plunger and the static load hydraulic cylinder end cover are both sleeved on the first end of the dynamic load hydraulic cylinder piston rod and are in clearance fit with the first end,

the static load transfer pad is arranged at the open end of the cylinder barrel of the static load hydraulic cylinder and is positioned by the retainer, so that the static load transfer pad can rotate in the retainer and cannot fall off;

the loading head is abutted against the dynamic load transfer pad and fixedly connected with the static load transfer pad;

the end face, close to the static load transfer pad, of the static load hydraulic cylinder plunger is annularly provided with a plurality of second-order blind holes, each second-order blind hole is internally provided with a piston rod of the uniformly distributed load compensation hydraulic cylinder and an end cover of the uniformly distributed load compensation hydraulic cylinder, and the first end of the piston rod of the uniformly distributed load compensation hydraulic cylinder extends out of the blind hole from the end cover of the uniformly distributed load compensation hydraulic cylinder.

Compared with the prior art, the technology of the invention has the following remarkable advantages:

(1) the dynamic load and the static load are simultaneously applied to the loaded surface of the test piece.

(2) Under the condition of ensuring that the loaded surface of the test piece is not damaged, the uniform distribution of the static load on the loaded surface of the test piece is simply realized by utilizing the N uniformly distributed load compensation hydraulic cylinders.

(3) Compared with the existing product, the hydraulic pipeline hydraulic control system has the remarkable advantages of compact structure, simple arrangement of hydraulic pipelines, long service life, high reliability and the like.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a structural sectional view of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a structural view of a cylinder tube of the static load hydraulic cylinder of the present invention, wherein (a) is a perspective view and (b) is a sectional view.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the static load cylinder ram of the present invention; wherein the drawing (a) is a plan view and the drawing (b) is a sectional view.

Fig. 5 is a structural view of a static load transfer pad of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is an assembly view of the cage, static load cylinder plunger and static load transfer pad of the present invention.

In the figure, 1-a cylinder barrel of a static load hydraulic cylinder, 2-a rear end cover of a dynamic load hydraulic cylinder, 3-a front end cover of the dynamic load hydraulic cylinder, 4-a piston rod of the dynamic load hydraulic cylinder, 5-a plunger of the static load hydraulic cylinder, 6-a piston rod of an evenly distributed load compensation hydraulic cylinder, 7-a retainer, 8-an end cover of the evenly distributed load compensation hydraulic cylinder, 9-a static load transfer pad, 10-an end cover of the static load hydraulic cylinder, 11-a dynamic load transfer pad, 12-a loading head, 13-a control oil port of the static load hydraulic cylinder, 14-an oil inlet and outlet of a first dynamic load hydraulic cylinder and 15-an oil inlet and outlet.

Detailed Description

For the purpose of illustrating the technical solutions and technical objects of the present invention, the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:

the invention discloses a special dynamic and static combined hydraulic cylinder for geotechnical testing equipment by combining with a figure 1 and a figure 2, and the special dynamic and static combined hydraulic cylinder comprises a static load hydraulic cylinder barrel 1, a dynamic load hydraulic cylinder rear end cover 2, a dynamic load hydraulic cylinder front end cover 3, a dynamic load hydraulic cylinder piston rod 4, a static load hydraulic cylinder plunger 5, a retainer 7, a static load transfer pad 9, a static load hydraulic cylinder end cover 10, a dynamic load transfer pad 11, a loading head 12, N uniformly distributed load compensation hydraulic cylinder piston rods 6 and M uniformly distributed load compensation hydraulic cylinder end covers 8, wherein N is more than or equal to 4, and M = N.

Referring to fig. 2 and fig. 3, the cylinder barrel 1 of the static load hydraulic cylinder is cylindrical, an end cover is arranged at one end, a first through hole is arranged in the center of the end cover along the axial direction of the cylinder, a first dynamic load hydraulic cylinder oil inlet and outlet 14 and a second dynamic load hydraulic cylinder oil inlet and outlet 15 which are communicated with the first through hole are also arranged on the end cover, a static load hydraulic cylinder control oil port 13 communicated with the inner cavity of the cylinder is arranged on the outer wall of the cylinder, a first end of a piston rod 4 of the dynamic load hydraulic cylinder extends into the inner cavity of the cylinder barrel 1 of the static load hydraulic cylinder from the first through hole, a rear end cover 2 of the dynamic load hydraulic cylinder and a front end cover 3 of the dynamic load hydraulic cylinder are respectively arranged at two ends of the first through hole and are sleeved on the piston rod 4 of the dynamic load hydraulic cylinder to form clearance fit for sealing the end cover and limiting the stroke of the piston rod 4 of the dynamic load, form clearance fit with first end, static load hydraulic cylinder end cover 10 links firmly through the bolt with static load hydraulic cylinder plunger 5, and the first end terminal surface of dynamic load hydraulic cylinder piston rod 4 supports dynamic load transfer pad 11, and static load transfer pad 9 sets up the open end at static load hydraulic cylinder 1 to fix a position through holder 7, and static load transfer pad 9 can rotate in holder 7, and does not drop, and loading head 12 supports dynamic load transfer pad 11 and links firmly with static load transfer pad 9 through the bolt. The end face, close to the static load transfer pad 9, of the static load hydraulic cylinder plunger 5 is annularly provided with a plurality of second-order blind holes, each second-order blind hole is internally provided with a piston rod 6 uniformly distributed with load compensation hydraulic cylinders and an end cover 8 uniformly distributed with load compensation hydraulic cylinders, and the first end of the piston rod 6 uniformly distributed with the load compensation hydraulic cylinders extends out of the blind hole from the end cover 8 uniformly distributed with the load compensation hydraulic cylinders.

And the piston end of the piston rod 6 of the uniformly distributed load compensation hydraulic cylinder is positioned in the second-order blind hole.

The outer wall of the dynamic load hydraulic cylinder piston rod 4 is provided with a circle of boss, the boss is positioned between the dynamic load hydraulic cylinder rear end cover 2 and the dynamic load hydraulic cylinder front end cover 3, and the boss is used for limiting the displacement of the dynamic load hydraulic cylinder piston rod 4 and preventing the dynamic load hydraulic cylinder piston rod 4 from being separated from the static load hydraulic cylinder barrel 1.

The dynamic load hydraulic cylinder rear end cover 2 and the dynamic load hydraulic cylinder front end cover 3 are both in excessive fit with the inner wall of the first through hole and are connected with the static load hydraulic cylinder barrel 1 through bolts.

Referring to fig. 4, the plunger 5 of the static load hydraulic cylinder is cylindrical, an arc-shaped groove is formed in the first end face, a tapered groove is formed in the second end face, a third-order through hole with a diameter decreasing gradually is formed from the bottom of the arc-shaped groove to the bottom of the tapered groove, the second end face is close to the first through hole of the cylinder barrel 1 of the static load hydraulic cylinder, the end cover 10 of the static load hydraulic cylinder is in a second-order boss shape, a second through hole is formed in the axial direction of the end cover and is arranged in the third-order through hole, the piston rod 4 of the dynamic load hydraulic cylinder penetrates through the third-order through hole and the second through hole and is in clearance fit with the third-order through hole and the second through hole, and a sealing ring.

With reference to fig. 5 and 6, an arc-shaped protrusion (the protrusion and the arc-shaped groove of the static load hydraulic cylinder plunger 5 are spherical surfaces with equal diameters) is arranged on one end face of the static load transfer pad 9, a third through hole is formed in the other end face of the static load hydraulic cylinder plunger 5, the arc-shaped protrusion is matched with the arc-shaped groove of the static load hydraulic cylinder plunger 5, the aperture of the third through hole is matched with the maximum aperture of the third-order through hole, and the dynamic load hydraulic cylinder piston rod 4 extends into the third through hole to abut against the dynamic load transfer pad 11.

The center of the end face of one end of the loading head 12 is provided with a second bulge which extends into the third through hole and is used for abutting against the dynamic load transfer pad 11.

The height of the static load hydraulic cylinder plunger 5 is smaller than the height of the inner cavity of the static load hydraulic cylinder barrel 1.

The cavity formed between the boss of the dynamic load hydraulic cylinder piston rod 4 and the dynamic load hydraulic cylinder rear end cover 2 is communicated with the second dynamic load hydraulic cylinder oil inlet and outlet 15, the cavity formed between the boss of the dynamic load hydraulic cylinder piston rod 4 and the dynamic load hydraulic cylinder front end cover 3 is communicated with the first dynamic load hydraulic cylinder oil inlet and outlet 14, the dynamic load hydraulic cylinder is formed, the whole dynamic recording hydraulic cylinder is integrated in the static load hydraulic cylinder, and the structure compactness is guaranteed.

The plunger 5 of the static load hydraulic cylinder is in clearance fit with the inner wall of the cylinder barrel 1 of the static load hydraulic cylinder.

The intermediate cavity defined by the tapered groove of the plunger 5 of the static load hydraulic cylinder, the rear end cover 2 of the dynamic load hydraulic cylinder, the end cover 10 of the static load hydraulic cylinder and the cylinder 1 of the static load hydraulic cylinder is a rodless cavity of the static load hydraulic cylinder, and is communicated with a control oil port 13 of the static load hydraulic cylinder, so that the volume of oil in the rodless cavity and the normal extension of the plunger 5 of the static load hydraulic cylinder are ensured.

The dynamic load transfer pad 11 has a certain buffering effect on impact load, and the loading head 12 is designed in an integrated manner, so that the damage to the surface of a tested piece is effectively avoided.

When the loaded surface of the test piece needs to be loaded, pressure oil is supplied to a control oil port 13 of the static load hydraulic cylinder, the pressure oil pushes a plunger 5 of the static load hydraulic cylinder to extend outwards, the movement and the pressure are transmitted to a loading head 12 through a static load transmission pad 9, and the static load is applied to the surface of the loaded test piece; after the static load is applied, the states of pressure oil supply and pressure relief are respectively switched between the oil inlet and outlet 14 of the first dynamic load hydraulic cylinder and the oil inlet and outlet 15 of the second dynamic load hydraulic cylinder at a specified frequency, when the oil inlet and outlet 15 of the second dynamic load hydraulic cylinder supplies pressure oil and the oil inlet and outlet 14 of the first dynamic load hydraulic cylinder is in a pressure relief state, the dynamic load is transmitted to the loading head 12 through the dynamic load transmission pad 11, when the oil inlet and outlet 14 of the first dynamic load hydraulic cylinder supplies pressure oil and the oil inlet and outlet 15 of the second dynamic load hydraulic cylinder is in a pressure relief state, the action of the dynamic load on the dynamic load transmission pad 11 is cancelled, and no dynamic load acts on the loading head 12, so that the application process of the dynamic load at the specified frequency is realized; due to the fact that the test piece is uneven, when the loaded surface of the test piece inclines, the extension and contraction of the piston rod 6 of the uniformly distributed load compensation hydraulic cylinder are adjusted, the plunger 5 of the static load hydraulic cylinder, the static load transmission pad 9 and the spherical pair between the retainer 7 and the static load transmission pad 9 rotate, the loading head 12 is driven to incline corresponding to the loaded surface of the test piece, the loading head 12 is tightly attached to the loaded surface of the test piece, meanwhile, the static load of the loaded surface of the test piece is redistributed by adjusting the oil hydraulic pressure of the uniformly distributed load compensation hydraulic cylinder, and the uniform distribution process of the static load is completed again until the test is finished.