Apparatus and method for reporting changes in orientation of a signal sensing wheel
阅读说明:本技术 用于报告信号传感轮的方位变化的设备和方法 (Apparatus and method for reporting changes in orientation of a signal sensing wheel ) 是由 M.德茨 B.韦尔德滕 J.弗里克 H.洛夫 I.马特格 于 2018-05-25 设计创作,主要内容包括:本发明涉及一种用于报告信号传感轮(2)的方位变化的设备,信号传感轮具有彼此间隔开的信号标记(4、4a-e)和至少一个参考标记(8),设备包括:传感装置(7),传感装置根据信号标记(4、4a-e)的位置和至少一个参考标记(8)的位置来输出传感器信号(9a、9b),其中传感器信号(9a)在信号传感轮(2)的向前旋转方向情况下对于每个信号标记(4、4a-e)来说具有第一信号沿(10b)而对于参考标记(8)来说具有第二信号沿(12a),其中第一和第二信号沿(12a)分别指示信号传感轮(2)的等距的角位置,而且其中在向后旋转方向情况下传感器信号(9b)是被脉冲宽度调制的并且由此指示向后旋转方向。(The invention relates to a device for reporting changes in the orientation of a signal-sensing wheel (2) having signal marks (4, 4 a-e) spaced apart from each other and at least one reference mark (8), the device comprising: a sensor device (7) which outputs a sensor signal (9 a, 9 b) as a function of the position of the signal marks (4, 4 a-e) and the position of the at least one reference mark (8), wherein the sensor signal (9 a) has a first signal edge (10 b) for each signal mark (4, 4 a-e) and a second signal edge (12 a) for the reference mark (8) in the case of a forward direction of rotation of the signal-sensing wheel (2), wherein the first and second signal edges (12 a) each indicate an equidistant angular position of the signal-sensing wheel (2), and wherein the sensor signal (9 b) is pulse-width-modulated in the case of a rearward direction of rotation and thus indicates a rearward direction of rotation.)
1. An apparatus for reporting changes in the orientation of a signal-sensing wheel (2) having signal indicia (4, 4 a-e) and at least one reference indicia (8) spaced apart from one another, the apparatus comprising:
a sensor device (7) which outputs a sensor signal (9 a, 9 b) as a function of the position of the signal marking (4, 4 a-e) and the position of the at least one reference marking (8), wherein the sensor signal (9 a) has a first signal edge (10 b) for each signal marking (4, 4 a-e) and a second signal edge (12 a) for the reference marking (8) in the forward direction of rotation of the signal-sensing wheel (2), wherein the first signal edge and the second signal edge each indicate an equidistant angular position of the signal-sensing wheel (2), and wherein the sensor signal (9 b) is pulse-width-modulated in the backward direction of rotation and thus indicates a backward direction of rotation.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first signal edge (10 b) and the second signal edge (12 a) are different.
3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the first signal edge (10 b) is a falling signal edge and the second signal edge (12 a) is a rising signal edge.
4. The device according to any of the preceding claims, wherein a second signal edge (19 a, 19 a') is output at a predefined interval from the first signal edge (10 b, 14 b) upon a reversal of the direction of rotation of the signal-sensing wheel (2).
5. The device according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the sensing means (7) comprises at least two spaced apart sensor elements (3 b-d) and the sensor signal is based on a differential signal of the sensor signals of the sensor elements (3 b-d).
6. The device according to claim 5, wherein the sensing means (7) comprises at least three Hall sensor elements (3 b-d) and the sensor signal (9 a, 9 b) is based on a differential signal of the sensor signals of the three Hall sensor elements (3 b-d).
7. A method for reporting changes in the orientation of a signal-sensing wheel having at least one reference mark (8) and signal marks (4, 4 a-e) spaced apart from each other, the method comprising:
outputting (22) a sensor signal as a function of the position of the signal marks (4, 4 a-e) and the position of the at least one reference mark (8), wherein the sensor signal (9 a) has a first signal edge (10 b) for each signal mark (4, 4 a-e) and a second signal edge (12 a) for the reference mark (8) in the case of a forward direction of rotation of the signal-sensing wheel (2), wherein the first signal edge and the second signal edge respectively indicate equidistant angular positions of the signal-sensing wheel (2), and wherein the sensor signal (9 b) is pulse-width-modulated in the case of a backward direction of rotation and thus indicates a backward direction of rotation.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the first signal edge (10 b) and the second signal edge (12 a) are different.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the first signal edge (10 b) is a falling signal edge and the second signal edge (12 a) is a rising signal edge.
10. Method according to one of claims 7 to 9, wherein a second signal edge (19 a, 19 a') is output at a predefined interval from the first signal edge (10 b, 14 b) upon a reversal of the direction of rotation of the signal-sensing wheel (2).
11. The method according to any of claims 7 to 10, wherein the sensing device (7) comprises at least three hall sensor elements (3 b-d) and the sensor signal (9 a, 9 b) is based on a differential signal of the sensor signals of the three hall sensor elements (3 b-d).
Technical Field
The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for reporting changes in the orientation of a signal sensing wheel.
Background
In the drive train of a motor vehicle, it is often necessary to determine the rotational speed or the rotational direction, wherein typically the rotational angle can also be derived from the rotational speed. For example, the rotational speed of the crankshaft and the camshaft can be determined, but the rotation of the dual mass flywheel can also be determined.
For this purpose, it is generally known: signal-sensing wheels are provided which are generally known in two different embodiments, namely as a wheel disk with teeth and spaces between the teeth on the one hand and as a perforated plate on the other hand, wherein the teeth and the holes are for example referred to as signal marks and are distributed equidistantly around the circumference of the signal-sensing wheel. Furthermore, so-called multi-pole wheels are also known, in which the teeth and the recesses are embodied as magnetic north or south poles.
For detecting signal marks it is known: a sensor, such as a hall sensor, an optical sensor, or the like, is disposed adjacent to the signal sensing wheel. For example, hall sensors measure magnetic field variations that occur due to teeth and gaps or holes that are guided past the sensor and material between the holes or magnetic north/south poles. The optical sensor may, for example, measure a corresponding sequence between "light" and "dark".
It is also known to provide so-called reference marks in order to determine: how many degrees the signal sensing wheel has rotated, e.g., whether the signal sensing wheel has performed a full 360 rotation. Such reference marks are often constructed as larger distances between signal marks or as wider teeth.
A method for operating an internal combustion engine having a sensor disk coupled to a crankshaft of the internal combustion engine is known from german laid-open patent application DE 102004061808 a 1. The sensor disk has alternately teeth and tooth gaps, wherein the two sensor elements output a signal having a high signal level and a low signal level in each case depending on whether a tooth or a tooth gap is detected. In order to determine the rotational direction of the crankshaft and the increment of the rotational angle, the rising or falling signal edge of one of the signals of one of the sensor elements and the signal level of the other signal of the other sensor element are used, respectively, and the rotational direction of the crankshaft is encoded by the pulse length of the signals. The disadvantage in this respect is: this method is costly.
In the case of diesel engines, it is also known: the use of a rotation speed sensor without recognition of the direction of rotation is correspondingly disadvantageous, since the direction of rotation information may be important for a correct fuel injection, for example in view of quantity and timing, etc.
Disclosure of Invention
The task of the invention is that: an apparatus and method for reporting changes in the orientation of a signal-sensing wheel is provided that at least partially overcomes the above-mentioned disadvantages.
This object is achieved by the device according to the invention according to
According to a first aspect, the invention proposes a device for reporting changes in the orientation of a signal-sensing wheel having signal marks and at least one reference mark which are spaced apart from one another, comprising a sensor arrangement which outputs a sensor signal as a function of the position of the signal marks and the position of the at least one reference mark, wherein the sensor signal has a first signal edge for each signal mark and a second signal edge for the reference mark in the case of a forward direction of rotation of the signal-sensing wheel, wherein the first signal edge and the second signal edge respectively indicate equidistant angular positions of the signal-sensing wheel, and wherein the sensor signal (9 b) is pulse-width-modulated in the case of a backward direction of rotation and thereby indicates the backward direction of rotation.
According to a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for reporting a change in orientation of a signal-sensing wheel having a signal marker and at least one reference marker spaced apart from each other, the method comprising: a sensor signal is output as a function of the position of the signal marks and the position of the at least one reference mark, wherein the sensor signal has a first signal edge for each signal mark in the case of a forward rotational direction of the signal-sensing wheel and a second signal edge for the reference mark, wherein the first signal edge and the second signal edge each indicate an equidistant angular position of the signal-sensing wheel, and wherein the sensor signal (9 b) is pulse-width-modulated in the case of a rearward rotational direction and thus indicates a rearward rotational direction.
Further advantageous aspects of the invention emerge from the dependent claims and the subsequent description of preferred embodiments of the invention.
As already mentioned at the outset, the identification of the reference mark (gap) can be carried out by an incremental sensor on the crankshaft, which has a sensor unit with up to three hall elements, a signal sensor wheel with typically 60 teeth, and a signal processing device integrated into such a second sensor for calculating the signals of the hall elements. To establish the reference mark, the teeth may be enlarged or the gap between two teeth may be increased. In both cases, typically a gap is found in the output signal and the rotational speed determined from the sensor signal is caused to drop sharply at the position of the gap. In general, the following conclusions can be drawn therefrom: at which point in time the gap has passed, i.e. the gap can be used as a reference mark and the absolute angle can be measured from that time. Alternatively, optical incremental sensors with reference marks as well as absolute value sensors can also be used.
As also mentioned at the outset, rotational speed sensors are known in principle which recognize the direction of rotation and, for example, code a corresponding output signal, but such rotational speed sensors also use, for example, a positive signal edge in the output signal for the direction of rotation coding. However, such known rotational speed sensors cannot be used in engines, such as gasoline or diesel engines, in which a positive signal edge is used for coding the angular position.
The apparatus according to the invention or the method according to the invention for reporting changes in the orientation of a signal-sensing wheel comprises: a sensor device which outputs a sensor signal as a function of the position of the signal marks and the position of the at least one reference mark, wherein the signal wheel has signal marks and at least one reference mark which are spaced apart from one another, wherein the sensor signal has a first signal edge for each signal mark and a second signal edge for the reference mark in the case of a forward direction of rotation of the signal wheel, wherein the first and second signal edges each indicate an equidistant angular position of the signal wheel, and wherein the sensor signal (9 b) is pulse-width-modulated in the case of a rearward direction of rotation and thus indicates a rearward direction of rotation.
As already explained above, the device can be used in particular in the motor vehicle sector, for example in the context of a drive train, such as for example as a crankshaft sensor, a camshaft sensor or the like, or for determining the angle of rotation of an elastic component, such as a dual mass flywheel or the like, as also already explained above, wherein in the following (without the invention being restricted thereto only) the invention is described by way of example for detecting the orientation of a crankshaft.
The signal marks of the signal-sensing wheel can be designed as teeth on a gear or as holes in a perforated plate or the like. The teeth/holes can be identically constructed and arranged equidistantly on the outer circumference of the signal-sensing wheel, as is known in principle. Furthermore, as mentioned at the outset, the signal-sensing wheel can also be designed as a multi-pole wheel, wherein the teeth and the recesses are embodied as magnetic north or south poles.
As also already described above, the (at least one) reference mark may be formed by widening teeth, removing teeth, increasing the space between teeth, increasing the hole, the pitch, the magnetic poles, etc. Even if the following example proceeds from the provision of only one reference marking on the signal-sensing wheel, the invention is not limited in this respect, but in principle any number of reference markings can be provided, as is also known to the person skilled in the art.
The signal-sensing wheel may be fixed to a rotating component of the drive train, such as a crankshaft, a camshaft, a dual mass flywheel, or the like, and rotate together.
The sensing device may have a sensor and, for example, sensor electronics, wherein the sensor electronics may have an integrated circuit, an analog-to-digital converter, a memory, a processor, etc.
Typically, the sensor (with its own sensor element or elements) is arranged in a stationary position, while the signal-sensing wheel rotates past the sensor, wherein the invention is not limited in this respect, but in other embodiments, for example, the sensor is rotated while the signal-sensing wheel is stationary. Here, the adjacent arrangement of the sensors means that there is a distance from the signal sensing wheel which allows the sensors to output sensor signals depending on the position of the signal marks and the position of the at least one reference mark. The sensor may be an optical sensor, an inductive sensor, or the like, and detects: whether a signal mark, void, or the like is in front of the sensor, as is generally known. In principle, the invention is not limited to a specific sensor. Furthermore, the inductive sensor may be a magnetic induction sensor, for example a coil sensor, or the like. In addition, there are also magnetostatic sensors, such as the mentioned hall sensors or MR sensors, which may be used in some embodiments.
The sensing device may also have a microprocessor, memory, interface, and the like. In particular, the signal analysis device may be designed such that it is capable of carrying out the method described herein.
The sensor device or the method outputs a sensor signal as a function of the position of the signal marks and the position of the at least one reference mark, wherein the sensor signal has a first signal edge for each signal mark and a second signal edge for the reference mark in the case of a forward rotation direction of the signal-sensing wheel, wherein the first and second signal edges respectively indicate equidistant angular positions of the signal-sensing wheel.
Since the sensor device or the method also outputs a signal edge indicating the angular position in the case of the reference mark, the angular position of the signal sensor wheel can also be determined in the case of the reference mark (for example in the engine control device or in the sensor device itself). In some embodiments, the rotational direction information of the backward rotation of the signal-sensing wheel is transmitted to the negative signal edge during a defined time interval, as also described further below, so that a positive signal edge can always also be provided for encoding the angle information when the signal-sensing wheel rotates forward. In some embodiments, a rotational speed dependency for the rotational direction recognition may be avoided. Additional negative signal edges are also avoided. The invention thus allows in some embodiments simplified signal processing in the engine control device.
In some embodiments, the reference mark is designed such that the analog signal of the sensor has a zero crossing in the case of the corresponding angular position to be displayed, such that the sensor signal has a signal edge at the corresponding zero crossing position.
The sensor device or the method can convert an analog sensor signal, for example, obtained from a sensor, into a corresponding (output) sensor signal, as is generally known, so that the sensor signal is, for example, a rectangular signal, as is likewise known in principle. In a square signal, each square pulse contains a rising edge and a falling edge.
As mentioned, in the case of a signal sensing the rearward rotation direction of the wheel, the sensor signal is pulse-width modulated and thus indicates the rearward rotation direction, so that it can thus be determined from the sensor signal: in which direction the signal sensing wheel is rotating. The pulse width modulation is selected, for example, such that it is not masked or superimposed by the modulation, which is derived from the different rotational speeds of the signal-sensing wheel. The pulse width modulation, for example, specifies a predefined pulse interval and/or pulse length, from which the engine control unit can then, for example, recognize a backward rotation.
As also mentioned above, in some embodiments, the sensor or the sensing device may recognize the direction of rotation and then correspondingly pulse-width modulate the sensor signal in response to recognizing the backward direction of rotation.
In some embodiments, the sensor signal is not (actively) pulse width modulated in the case of a forward rotational direction. As mentioned, "pulse width modulation" may be obtained by different rotational speeds of the signal sensing wheel, since the time interval of the signal edges indicating the angular position depends on the rotational speed in some embodiments.
In some embodiments, pulse width modulation of the sensor signal distinguishes between forward and rearward rotational directions of the signal sensing wheel, from which the rotational direction may be determined. Pulse width modulation, for example, affects the corresponding pulse spacing between two pulses. Thereby, the direction of rotation can be identified without using additional signals. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the pulse width modulation for the backward rotation direction is chosen such that it cannot be confused with pulse width modulation due to different rotational speeds. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the pulse width modulation in the case of the backward rotation direction is selected such that it does not depend on the rotational speed. For example, the pulse interval may be fixed, whereby the identification of the backward rotation direction may be simplified.
In some embodiments, the first signal edge and the second signal edge are different, such that, for example, it is not necessary to introduce another signal edge in order to bring the signal level to a corresponding value when the reference mark is identified.
In some embodiments, the first signal edge is a falling signal edge (also referred to as a negative signal edge) and the second signal edge is a rising signal edge (also referred to as a positive signal edge). For example, for each signal mark, an associated falling signal edge can be used to identify an associated angular position, while for the identification of a diagonal position when the reference mark is identified, a rising signal edge can be used.
In some embodiments, the second signal edge is output at a predetermined interval from the first signal edge when the direction of rotation of the signal-sensing wheel is reversed. The interval may be, for example, 20, 30 or 40 microseconds, although the invention is not limited to these exemplary values.
In some embodiments, the sensor comprises at least two spaced apart sensor elements. The sensor signal may be based on a differential signal of the sensor signals of the sensor elements. The sensor elements can be spaced apart such that they are spaced apart from one another as seen in the circumferential direction of the signal-sensing wheel. The spacing of the sensor elements can be adapted to the width of the signal marks and/or the reference marks. In this way, a sensor signal profile can advantageously be derived, which substantially corresponds to the width of the signal mark and/or of the reference mark.
In some embodiments, the sensor comprises at least three hall sensor elements, and the sensor signal is based on a differential signal of the sensor signals of the three hall sensor elements. The three hall sensor elements can be arranged one after the other and at an equal distance from one another, wherein the spacing can be selected such that the spacing of two hall sensor elements arranged outside approximately corresponds to the width of the signal mark or the reference mark and wherein the third hall sensor element is arranged approximately in the middle between the two hall sensor elements. In this way, a sensor signal variation process can be achieved which allows a particularly precise determination of the signal marking and the reference marking.
Drawings
Embodiments of the invention will now be described, by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 schematically illustrates an embodiment of an apparatus for detecting and reporting changes in orientation of a signal sensing wheel having teeth as signal markers;
FIG. 2 shows an apparatus having a sensing device;
FIG. 3 illustrates sensor signals of the apparatus of FIG. 2 during forward and reverse rotation;
FIG. 4 illustrates sensor signals for the device of FIG. 2 with a shift in the direction from forward to backward on the teeth and vice versa;
FIG. 5 illustrates sensor signals for the device of FIG. 2 with a forward to backward direction change over the air gap and vice versa;
FIG. 6 illustrates a flow diagram of an embodiment of a method for detecting and reporting changes in the orientation of a signal-sensing wheel.
Detailed Description
An embodiment of a
The
The
When the
The
In fig. 2, a
For this purpose, the signal of the central
In the following, the working principle of the
Fig. 3 shows schematically in the top a
First, the
When the
The reference mark 8 is designed as a large recess between the
The reference mark 8 is designed such that the
The
The
Accordingly, in
The
In the case of reference mark 8, the
In the case of a backward rotation, the
Fig. 4 illustrates exemplarily the reversal of the direction of rotation of the
As illustrated in the middle in fig. 4, the
Subsequently, the
As illustrated below in fig. 4, the
Now, in the embodiment of fig. 4, the
In an alternative exemplary embodiment, as illustrated by the dashed lines in fig. 4, the
Fig. 5 illustrates exemplarily the reversal of the direction of rotation of the
As fig. 5 illustrates in the middle, the
The square pulse 10' is thus longer than the normal
As fig. 5 illustrates in the lower part, the
In order to return now to the
However, in an alternative exemplary embodiment, the
In some exemplary embodiments, the teeth, i.e. the falling edges, are not detected too much and not too much; i.e. neither too few edges nor too many edges are detected for each revolution of the sensing wheel.
List of reference numerals
Apparatus for detecting or reporting changes in orientation of a signal-sensing wheel
2 Signal sensing wheel (sensing wheel)
2a signal sensing wheel profile
3 Hall sensor
3a permanent magnet
3b-d Hall sensor element
4, a-e teeth (Signal mark)
5 voids of
6 sensor electronics
7 sensing device
8 reference mark
9a sensor signal-Forward rotation
9b sensor signal-backward rotation
10 rectangular pulse to tooth
10a rising edge
10b falling edge
11 pulse interval between 10
12 rectangular pulse in the case of reference mark
12a 12 rising edge
12b 12 falling edge
13 large pulse interval
14 rectangular pulse in case of tooth (backward rotation)
15 gap between 14
16 Large rectangular pulse in the case of the reference mark (backward rotation)
16a 16 rising edge
16b 16 of the falling edge
17 direction of rotation
18 additional pulses
19 predetermined time
19a edge after a predetermined time
19' predetermined time
19a' edge after a predetermined time
Method for detecting or reporting changes in orientation of a
21 detecting signals by the
22 forward direction of rotation of output sensor signal
23 generate a rectangular pulse with a rising edge in the case of a reference mark
24 recognizes the backward rotation
25 output sensor signal in backward rotation direction
26 detecting a reversal in the direction of rotation of the teeth
27 output additional pulses
28 output edge after a predetermined time after reversing from backward to forward
29 detecting a reversal of the direction of rotation in the recess
30 outputs an edge after a predetermined time after reversing from backward to forward.
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