阅读说明：本技术 一种蓝莓花青素超声波-均质-超声波循环萃取方法 (Ultrasonic-homogenizing-ultrasonic circulating extraction method for blueberry anthocyanin ) 是由 王振宇 刘双 赵梦雅 于 2019-11-04 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种蓝莓花青素超声波-均质-超声波循环萃取方法,包括如下步骤：(1)蓝莓果经破碎处理,与萃取液混合后进行超声波间歇式萃取；(2)将步骤(1)中得到的蓝莓果残渣放入搅拌罐中,加入萃取液,进行搅拌混合；(3)将步骤(2)混合后的果渣加入均质机中剪切释放果渣中花青素；(4)对果渣中花青素进行二次超声波间歇式萃取,合并两次萃取液,离心,得到高浓度花青素萃取液。采用超声波-均质-超声波循环萃取方法通过超声波破碎和空化作用结合均质机的剪切作用对蓝莓进行萃取,花青素得率为90.65%,使活性物质充分释放,增加了萃取得到的有效物质含量；同时可避免温度对花青素的损害,为热敏性、易失活性物质提取提供新方法。(The invention discloses a blueberry anthocyanin ultrasonic-homogenizing-ultrasonic circulating extraction method, which comprises the following steps: (1) crushing blueberry fruits, mixing the crushed blueberry fruits with an extraction liquid, and performing ultrasonic intermittent extraction; (2) putting the blueberry fruit residues obtained in the step (1) into a stirring tank, adding the extract, and stirring and mixing; (3) adding the fruit residues mixed in the step (2) into a homogenizer for shearing to release anthocyanin in the fruit residues; (4) and (3) carrying out secondary ultrasonic intermittent extraction on the anthocyanin in the pomace, combining the two extraction liquids, and centrifuging to obtain the high-concentration anthocyanin extraction liquid. The blueberry is extracted by adopting an ultrasonic-homogenizing-ultrasonic circulating extraction method through ultrasonic crushing and cavitation combined with the shearing action of a homogenizer, the yield of anthocyanin is 90.65%, active substances are fully released, and the content of effective substances obtained by extraction is increased; meanwhile, the damage of temperature to anthocyanin can be avoided, and a new method is provided for extracting heat-sensitive volatile active substances.)

1. A blueberry anthocyanin ultrasonic-homogenizing-ultrasonic circulating extraction method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) primary extraction: crushing blueberry fruits, mixing the blueberry fruits with the extraction liquid, and performing primary ultrasonic intermittent extraction to obtain primary blueberry fruit residue and primary anthocyanin extraction liquid;

(2) mixing and stirring: putting the primary blueberry residue obtained in the step (1) into a stirring tank, adding an extraction solvent, and stirring and mixing;

(3) homogenizing and shearing: adding the fruit residues mixed in the step (2) into a homogenizer, and releasing anthocyanin in the fruit residue cellulose by utilizing shearing force;

(4) secondary extraction: and further carrying out ultrasonic intermittent extraction on the anthocyanin in the pomace to obtain secondary anthocyanin extraction liquid, combining the two extraction liquids, and centrifuging to obtain high-concentration anthocyanin extraction liquid.

2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the volume of the raw material blueberry fruit is 1 ~ 2T, the extract is 50% ~ 60% ethanol, the material-liquid ratio of the blueberry fruit to the extract is 1:4 ~ 1:8, the ultrasonic extraction time is 2 ~ 4 h, the ultrasonic power range is 3000W-5000W, and the ultrasonic extraction temperature is 20 ~ 25 ℃.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the stirring is carried out for 30-40 min, and the extract is 50% ~ 60% ethanol 60%.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the homogenizing pressure is 40 ~ 60MPa, the flow rate is 1 ~ 2T/h, and the striker frequency is 30 ~ 60 times/min during the mixing in the homogenizer.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the ultrasonic extraction time is 2 ~ 4 h, the ultrasonic power is 3000-5000W, the ultrasonic extraction temperature is 20 ~ 25 ℃, and the centrifugal speed is 2000 ~ 3000 r/min.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of natural product active ingredient extraction, and particularly relates to a blueberry anthocyanin ultrasonic-homogenizing-ultrasonic circulating extraction method.

Background

Blueberry, namely cowberry fruit (Vaccinium uliginosum L), is perennial deciduous plant or evergreen shrub of Vaccinium genus (Ericaceae), the fruit type is berry, is native to the eastern part of Canada and the northeast part of America, the fruit contains a large amount of anthocyanin, has higher biological activity, is flavonoid compound, is a natural water-soluble pigment widely existing in the plant, is also called anthocyanin because the anthocyanin mainly exists in the form of glucoside, is a purely natural anti-aging nutritional supplement, is proved to be the most effective antioxidant found by human at present, has the anti-oxidation performance which is five-fold higher than that of vitamin, and is two-hundred-fold higher than that of the vitamin.

The conventional blueberry anthocyanin extraction process mainly comprises an enzyme-assisted solvent method, an ultrasonic-assisted solvent method and supercritical CO₂An extraction method. However, the content of effective substances obtained by extraction in the traditional method is relatively low, and the extraction process needs to be carried out for multiple times of heat exchange processes, so that the problems of high energy consumption, active substance structure damage, low energy utilization rate and the like exist. The blueberry fruits contain a large amount of free anthocyanin and have high biological activity, and meanwhile, a large amount of anthocyanin in pomace is mainly combined in pericarp cellulose and is difficult to extract, so that the comprehensive utilization degree is low. The blueberry resource is wasted, and the technical method for effectively improving the extraction rate of the anthocyanin is very deficient.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a blueberry anthocyanin ultrasonic-homogenizing-ultrasonic circulating extraction method, which effectively extracts free anthocyanin in blueberry fruits by adopting an ultrasonic-homogenizing combined extraction mode at normal temperature, simultaneously rapidly shears the cellulose by a homogenizer to melt the cellulose, releases the cellulose in pomace, greatly improves the extraction rate of the anthocyanin in the blueberry fruits, and solves the problems of low extraction rate, poor processing stability of active substances and the like.

In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme of the invention is a method for circularly extracting blueberry anthocyanin by ultrasonic-homogenizing-ultrasonic, which comprises the following steps:

(1) primary extraction: crushing blueberry fruits, mixing the blueberry fruits with the extraction liquid, and performing primary ultrasonic intermittent extraction to obtain primary blueberry fruit residue and primary anthocyanin extraction liquid;

the volume of the blueberry fruit serving as the raw material is 1 ~ 2T, the extract liquid is ~ 60% ethanol, the material-liquid ratio of the blueberry fruit to the extract liquid is 1:4 ~ 1:8, the ultrasonic extraction time is 2 ~ 4 h, the ultrasonic power range is 3000W-5000W, and the ultrasonic extraction temperature is 20 ~ 25 ℃.

(2) Mixing and stirring: putting the primary blueberry residue obtained in the step (1) into a stirring tank, adding an extraction solvent, and stirring and mixing;

mixing and stirring for 30-40 min, wherein the extract is 50% ~ 60% ethanol.

(3) Homogenizing and shearing: adding the fruit residues mixed in the step (3) into a homogenizer, and releasing anthocyanin in the fruit residue cellulose by utilizing shearing force;

the homogenizing pressure is 40 ~ 60MPa, the flow rate is 1 ~ 2T/h, and the firing frequency is 30 ~ 60 times/min.

(4) Secondary extraction: and further carrying out ultrasonic intermittent extraction on the anthocyanin in the pomace to obtain secondary anthocyanin extraction liquid, combining the two extraction liquids, and centrifuging to obtain high-concentration anthocyanin extraction liquid.

The ultrasonic extraction time is 2 ~ 4 h, the ultrasonic power range is 3000-5000W, the ultrasonic extraction temperature is 20 ~ 25 ℃, and the centrifugal speed is 2000 ~ 3000 r/min.

The invention has the following advantages:

1. the anthocyanin combined with the cellulose in the pomace can be effectively extracted by an ultrasonic-homogenizing-ultrasonic circulating extraction mode, so that the active ingredients are fully released, the dissolution rate of the anthocyanin is improved, the content of effective substances obtained by extraction is increased, and meanwhile, the solvent and the extraction residue can be recovered, so that the effective utilization of resources is realized, and the effects of energy conservation, high efficiency and environmental protection are achieved.

2. The intermittent ultrasonic extraction is beneficial to reducing the formation of ozone, and further is beneficial to improving the extraction rate of anthocyanin in the blueberry fruits.

3. The whole processing process is carried out at normal temperature, the structure of the thermosensitive active substance is prevented from being damaged, and the application range is wide.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention are further described below, but not limited thereto, and modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.