阅读说明：本技术 用于切换可切换电磁阀的电磁铁中的电流的方法、电子电路、电磁阀、泵和机动车辆 (Method for switching the current in an electromagnet of a switchable solenoid valve, electronic circuit, solenoid valve, pump and motor vehicle ) 是由 T.K.B.谢 D.科根 于 2018-03-28 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种用于切换可切换电磁阀(15)的电磁铁(18)中的电流(I)的方法,其中,在连续的开关周期(33)中,电流(I)在每种情况下均被接通,以便抵抗弹簧(28)的力关闭阀(15),并且因此通过电磁铁(18)与电压源(U)的电连接生成电流(I)。本发明规定,在阀(15)的切换操作(Q)中,在至少两个连续的开关周期(33)中以与相应的先前开关周期(33)相反的电流方向生成电磁铁(18)中的电流(I)。(The invention relates to a method for switching the current (I) in an electromagnet (18) of a switchable solenoid valve (15), wherein, in successive switching cycles (33), the current (I) is switched on in each case in order to close the valve (15) against the force of a spring (28) and thus to generate the current (I) by electrical connection of the electromagnet (18) to a voltage source (U). According to the invention, during a switching operation (Q) of the valve (15), the current (I) in the electromagnet (18) is generated in at least two successive switching cycles (33) in the opposite current direction to the respective preceding switching cycle (33).)

1. A method for switching an electric current (I) in an electromagnet (18) of a switchable solenoid valve (15), wherein, in successive switching cycles (33), the electric current (I) is switched on in each case in order to close the valve (15) against the force of a spring (28) and thus to generate the electric current (I) by electrical connection of the electromagnet (18) with a voltage source (U), characterized in that, in a switching operation (Q) of the valve (15), the electric current (I) in the electromagnet (18) is generated in at least two successive switching cycles (33) in a current direction opposite to the respective preceding switching cycle (33).

2. Method according to claim 1, wherein the direction of connection of the two connection portions (37, 38) of the electromagnet (18) is changed with respect to the connection poles (39, 40) of the voltage source (U) by means of a switching device for reversing the direction of the current.

3. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the current direction of the current (I) is set by means of a bridge circuit (34).

4. Method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein switching is performed between the switching operation (Q) and a constant operation (C) in dependence of a switching signal, wherein the current direction remains the same in the consecutive switching periods (33).

5. The method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein injection valves of a high-pressure pump of a fuel injection system of a motor vehicle (10) are controlled as said valves (15).

6. The method of claim 5, with reference back to claim 4, wherein switching is performed between the switching operation (Q) and the constant operation (C) in dependence on an idle operation of an internal combustion engine (11) of the motor vehicle (10).

7. An electronic circuit (17) for controlling a solenoid valve (15), wherein the circuit is configured to perform a method according to one of the preceding claims.

8. A circuit (17) as claimed in claim 7, wherein the switching means (17') have a bridge circuit (34) comprising a full bridge (35).

9. A solenoid valve (15) comprising an electromagnet (18), said electromagnet (18) being configured to close said valve (15) against the force of a spring (28) when an electric current (I) flows through said electromagnet (18), characterized in that said valve (15) has an electronic circuit (17) according to claim 7 or 8.

10. A pump (14) for an injection system of a motor vehicle (10), wherein the pump (14) has a solenoid valve (15) according to claim 9.

11. A motor vehicle (10) comprising an internal combustion engine (11), the internal combustion engine (11) having a fuel injection system comprising a pump (14) according to claim 10.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a method for switching the current in an electromagnet of an electrically switchable solenoid valve. By means of the current, a magnetic field is generated in the electromagnet, which closes the valve against the force of the spring. The invention also comprises an electronic circuit for controlling the solenoid valve. Finally, the invention also comprises a solenoid valve comprising an electronic circuit and also a pump for a spraying system of a motor vehicle and a motor vehicle.

Background

One of the most commonly used actuators for controlling fluid flow is a solenoid valve. There are two types of solenoid valves: proportional valves and digital valves. For example, in a fuel injection system, injection pressure may be controlled by means of a Digital Intake Valve (DIV).

The DIV is an electrically switchable solenoid valve that closes when current in the solenoid is applied to the solenoid, i.e., current flows through the solenoid of the valve. The valve then closes against the force of the spring. For example, the valve disc or generally the closing element may be moved from the open position to the closed position against the force of a spring. In the currentless state, the valve then opens automatically due to the force of the spring and is held in the open position by the spring until current flows through the electromagnet again. The current profile for closing the solenoid valve is a peak current that provides the activation energy for closing the valve. Subsequently, the current is changed to a holding current at which the magnetic field of the electromagnet is set to hold the valve in the closed position. This is known, for example, from US 2012/0167993a 1.

Due to this rapid switching process of the inlet valve, in particular in pumps of fuel injection systems of motor vehicles, an undesirable noise emission and wear of components occur whenever the closing element encounters the respective end stops of the closed position (electromagnet energized) and the open position (spring-urged opening valve).

WO 2006/060545 a1 discloses a method for reducing noise emissions of a solenoid valve of a fuel injection pump. This method requires complex switching pulses.

Known methods for reducing noise emissions require complex adjustments or controls of the current profile, wherein in the case of incorrect configuration the current profile may not be sufficient to successfully close the valve.

Disclosure of Invention

The object of the invention is to provide a measure for reducing noise emissions and/or wear of a solenoid valve in a technically simple manner.

This object is achieved by the subject matter of the independent patent claims. The dependent patent claims, the following description and the drawings describe advantageous developments of the invention.

The present invention provides a method for switching current in an electromagnet of an electrically switchable solenoid valve. The solenoid valve operates in a manner known per se, that is to say that in successive switching cycles, a current is switched on in each case in order to close the valve against the force of a spring, that is to say to move the closing element of the valve from the open position to the closed position against the force of a spring. In this case, the current is generated by electrically connecting an electromagnet (solenoid) to a voltage source. After the current is cut off, the valve can then be opened again by the force of the spring, so that the switching cycle is then completed.

The present invention controls the solenoid by means of current in a manner known in the art, i.e., by applying or setting a peak current to close the valve and by subsequently setting a hold current to hold the valve in the closed position. However, contrary to the prior art, the current is now generated with alternating polarity. The polarity is changed or switched in successive switching cycles. Therefore, this operation mode is hereinafter referred to as a switching operation. In the switching operation of the valve, the current in the electromagnet is thus generated in each case in the opposite current direction or polarity to the respective preceding switching cycle in at least two successive switching cycles. To this end, the electromagnet may be operated in a four quadrant operation. This reduces the acceleration forces or accelerations by which the closing element of the valve is moved from the open position to the closed position. In other words, the closing element of the valve strikes at a lower terminal velocity in the terminal position of the closed position than when the polarity remains unchanged. The reason for this is that the polarity of the electromagnet must be reversed, that is to say that when a current of opposite polarity is switched on, the magnetic remanence in the soft magnetic material of the electromagnet dissipates first before acceleration or movement of the closing element of the valve can take place. This reduces the time gradient or the time rise of the current flowing in the electromagnet when the voltage source is switched on, which causes the magnetic force to rise correspondingly slowly in time. The residual magnetic field strength of the electromagnet when the current is switched on does not contribute to the acceleration of the closing element, but only the current that finally causes the acceleration of the closing element. Overall, this results in a reduced acceleration of the closing element compared to a constant operation in which the current direction remains the same in the following switching cycle. The switching operation generally reduces the end velocity of the closing element when it is struck or driven into the end position. As a result, noise emissions and/or wear are reduced.

The invention also includes developments that yield additional advantages.

In order to set or change the polarity of the current, the connection direction of the two connection portions of the electromagnet is preferably changed relative to the connection pole of the voltage source by means of a switching device for reversing the direction of the current. For this purpose, the switching device can have, for example, a transistor. Thus, if the electromagnet has a first connection portion and a second connection portion, in one switching cycle the first connection portion is electrically connected to the first connection pole and the second connection portion is electrically connected to the second connection pole, and in the next switching cycle the first connection portion is electrically connected to the second connection pole and the second connection portion is electrically connected to the first connection pole in order to reverse the current direction. Thus, the switching device can be implemented by means of a simple switching element, and as a result thereof, the advantageous effects of the present invention can be achieved.

In particular, provision is made for the current direction of the current to be set by means of a full bridge of bridge circuits (H-bridge). In other words, the switching device is thus implemented as a bridge circuit comprising four switching elements. This results in the four quadrant operation described. Another name for this bridge circuit is also the four quadrant actuator.

It is particularly advantageous here that a change can also be made between the switching operation and the constant operation, wherein the current direction remains the same in the subsequent switching cycle. This preferably takes place in dependence on a switching signal, by means of which switching is made between a switching operation and a constant operation.

This concerns a case where the injection valves of the high-pressure pump of the fuel injection system of the motor vehicle are controlled as valves. "high pressure" in connection with the present invention is to be understood as meaning, in particular, pressures of more than 100 bar.

In this case, switching between the switching operation and the constant operation may be performed in accordance with an idling operation of the internal combustion engine of the motor vehicle. In idle operation, the operating noise of the injection valve, i.e. its noise emission, is greater compared to other operating noises of the motor vehicle. In this case, it is advantageous to switch to the switching operation. Conversely, if the internal combustion engine drives the motor vehicle (the internal combustion engine is engaged), other operating noises are generated which generally overwhelm the noise emission of the injection valve in such a way that it is possible to change to constant operation without being able to hear the injection valve as a result.

In order to be able to carry out the method according to the invention in a solenoid valve, the invention provides an electronic circuit configured to carry out an embodiment of the method according to the invention. The electronic circuit may have a microcontroller for this purpose. Furthermore, the electronic circuit can have the described bridge circuit for switching the current of the electromagnet.

The invention also includes a solenoid valve including an electromagnet configured to close the valve against the force of the spring when current flows through the electromagnet. Furthermore, the valve may have an embodiment of the electronic circuit according to the invention.

Thus, the electronic circuit may comprise switching means for switching the current. In this case, the switching device may have a bridge circuit comprising a full bridge, wherein the bridge circuit is configured to change the connection direction of the two connection portions of the electromagnet with respect to the connection poles of the voltage source.

The invention also comprises a pump for a spraying system of a motor vehicle. The pump has a solenoid valve according to the invention. The pump may thus be an injection pump, in particular a high-pressure pump.

Finally, the invention also comprises a motor vehicle comprising an internal combustion engine, for example a diesel engine or an otto engine, with a fuel injection system comprising an embodiment of the pump according to the invention.

The motor vehicle according to the invention may be an automobile, in particular a passenger car or a commercial vehicle.

Drawings

Exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described below. In this respect:

fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of a motor vehicle according to the invention;

FIG. 2 shows a graph of an exemplary process with a current profile of the current in the motor vehicle solenoid valve of FIG. 1;

fig. 3 shows a schematic representation of a switching device for controlling the current;

fig. 4 shows two switching states of the switching device of fig. 3, by means of which switching of the current direction in the solenoid valve is effected;

FIG. 5 shows a graph of an exemplary process with current intensity as a result of the change according to FIG. 4; and

fig. 6 shows a graph with schematic curves illustrating the relationship between the current intensity and the magnetic flux in the solenoid valve.

Detailed Description

The exemplary embodiments explained below are preferred embodiments of the present invention. In the context of exemplary embodiments, the components of the embodiments described represent in each case individual features of the invention, which are to be considered independently of one another and which in each case also improve the invention independently of one another, and are therefore to be considered individually or in different combinations than those shown as constituent parts of the invention. Furthermore, the described embodiments can also be supplemented by further features of the invention which have been described.

In the figures, functionally identical elements are provided with the same reference numerals in each case.

Fig. 1 shows a motor vehicle 10, which may be, for example, a passenger car or a commercial vehicle. The motor vehicle 10 may have an internal combustion engine 11, the internal combustion engine 11 being operable on the basis of fuel 12 from a fuel tank 13. Fuel 12 can be pumped from a fuel tank 13 to the combustion engine 11 by means of a pump 14. The pump 14 may be a jet pump. The pump 14 may have a switchable solenoid valve 15, e.g. a DIV, comprising a closing element 16, e.g. a valve disc, and an electromagnet 18 comprising an electric coil. The current I for the electromagnet 18 can be controlled by an electronic circuit 17, which electronic circuit 17 can have a switching device 17' for switching the current I. The operation of valve 15 may be coordinated with the rotation of crankshaft 20 by virtue of detecting rotational position 21 of crankshaft 20 and switching current I according to rotational position 21. The rotational position 21 can be measured by means of a rotational position sensor 21'. The crankshaft 20 moves the piston 21 of the pump 14 in a pump movement 23 in order to pump the fuel 12 from a low pressure side 24 to a high pressure side 25, where the fuel 12 is then injected by the fuel injection system. The outlet valve 26 of the pump may be a passive valve, for example a check valve, and the inlet valve may be formed by said solenoid valve 15 including its closing element 16. To close the valve 15, a current I is driven through the electromagnet 18, so that the rod or pin 27, which thereby holds the closing element 16, is pulled against the spring force of the spring 28 to the pole piece 29 comprising the armature, as a result of which the closing element 16 is moved or pulled from the open position 31 to the closed position 32. The current I can be generated by a voltage source U, which for this purpose is electrically interconnected or connected to the electromagnet 18 by means of a switching device 27'.

Turning off the voltage source U causes the current I in the electromagnet 18 to decrease exponentially. As soon as the spring force of the spring 28 is greater than the magnetic field of the electromagnet 18 and the pressure remaining in the pump, the closing element 16 moves back from the closed position 32 into the open position 31. This then ends the complete switching cycle or pump cycle of the pump.

Fig. 2 shows the time profile of the current I and the switching voltage of the voltage source U at the electromagnet 18 over time t and in particular once for normal operation or constant operation C and once for four-quadrant operation or switching operation Q. It is shown that in normal operation C the polarity of the switching voltage of the voltage source U and thus the polarity of the current I is kept constant for successive switching periods, whereas in switching operation Q successive switching periods 33 have alternating polarity of the switching voltage of the voltage source U and thus of the current I generated in the electromagnet 18. In other words, the current direction of the current alternates or reverses in successive switching periods 33. Furthermore, a comparison of the gradient or rise of the current I is illustrated, as is produced in the comparison between the constant operation C and the switching operation Q. When using the switching operation Q, the gradient decreases by the gradient angle α.

Fig. 3 shows how the current direction or polarity of the current I can be set by means of the switching device 17'. The electromagnet 18, the switching device 17' and the interconnection to the voltage source U supplying the voltage VCC are illustrated. The voltage source U may be, for example, a battery of the motor vehicle 10.

The switching device 17' may have a bridge circuit 34 comprising a full bridge 35, so that there are four switching elements 36 as a whole, for example transistors in each case, in order to alternately electrically connect a respective connection 37, 38 of the electromagnet 18 to a pole 39, 40 of the voltage source U. The circuit can be switched off in each case by means of the ground potential GND.

Fig. 4 illustrates two possible switching positions of the switching device 17', which allow or make it possible to switch the current direction of the current I in the electromagnet 18 between two switching cycles 33.

Fig. 5 shows again in detail the comparison of the gradient of the generated current I, once with the current I in constant operation (IC) and once with the current I in case of a switching cycle during switching operation (IQ). Due to the difference α in the rising gradient of the current I, the current I reaches the prescribed current intensity I0 at a later time delay Δ T during the switching operation Q compared to the constant operation C.

By switching the electromagnet in a four quadrant operation or switching operation Q, the polarity of the magnetic field is also switched or changed or reversed with each switching cycle 33. Since ferromagnetic material is also present in the electromagnet 18, the electromagnet 18 remains magnetized after each switching period 33 (magnetic remanence effect). Due to the magnetic dipoles in the soft magnetic material, the remanent magnetization is generated even if no current flows, the magnetic dipoles remaining in the direction of the last magnetization. However, if a current with an alternating current direction is now applied such that the magnetic field also has a different polarity or polarization in each switching cycle 33, the remanent magnetization must first be reduced or dissipated until it reaches 0. Said change in magnetization of the soft magnetic material consumes or requires a defined energy content, which is referred to as the magnetic coercive field strength.

Said dissipation of the remanent magnetization and its required energy reduces the rise in the current strength of the current I after the switching cycle 33 starts to switch on. This energy is used to demagnetize or change the polarity-reversed magnetization of the soft magnetic material. The advantageous effect of reducing the gradient by the difference α is that the acceleration of the closing element 16 is reduced and thus the noise emission and/or wear of the solenoid valve 15 is reduced.

The second effect is illustrated in fig. 6. Fig. 6 shows the current strength of the magnetic flux P relative to the current I as may be generated during the switching period 33. In the switching operation Q, an increase Δ I in the on-current intensity of the current I is generated compared to the constant operation C. This indicates that more current I is required to achieve the same magnetic force to close the valve 15. A magnetic force is required to overcome the spring force of the spring 18. This effect of increasing Δ I is caused by the fact that: due to the uniform orientation of the magnetic field, the magnetic flux P must now be established from 0, rather than starting as far as possible from the offset value P0 during constant operation C. This means that during constant operation C, when the current I is switched on, the magnetic force is already oriented in the direction provided for the switching cycle 33 and thus contributes to accelerating the closing element 16. In other words, the residual magnetization has a promoting effect on the acceleration of the closing element 16. In contrast, in the four-quadrant operation or switching operation Q, the total acceleration must be affected by the current itself.

By reducing the time gradient of the current I, a reduced time rise or a reduced time rise rate of the magnetic force as a whole is produced due to the lack of remanent magnetization P0. The magnetic force must be fully applied or generated by the current I, with the result that the current I increases to a lesser extent or more slowly. This reduces the acceleration of the closure element 16. Reduced noise emission and/or wear of the valve 15 due to reduced tip speed prior to driving to the closed position 32 is a beneficial result.

In general, this example shows how the invention can provide a method for controlling noise emissions and/or component wear of an electrically switchable solenoid valve.