阅读说明：本技术 一种含铜石墨复合涂层、绝缘器滑轨及其制备方法 (Copper-containing graphite composite coating, insulator sliding rail and preparation method of copper-containing graphite composite coating ) 是由 谢迎春 黄仁忠 邓畅光 邓春明 张龙龙 殷硕 刘敏 于 2021-09-08 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种含铜石墨复合涂层、绝缘器滑轨及其制备方法,属于铜涂层技术领域。含铜石墨复合涂层由制备原料经超音速低温火焰固态颗粒沉积方法沉积而得；制备原料包括铜基材料粉末和石墨粉末。通过以上述方式进行沉积,制备温度低、周期短、成本低、效率高,可在不改变组织性能的前提下均匀地将石墨弥散在铜基复合涂层中。相较于其他涂层制备技术,所得的铜基涂层中氧含量低,结合强度高,导电性高。制备原料中的石墨成分可以完全保留在涂层内部,制备过程不会氧化挥发。相关导电涂层自润滑优势明显,上述复合涂层的绝缘器滑轨在高速摩擦的过程中石墨颗粒可脱落,在摩擦副之间形成一层润滑性高的石墨润滑膜,达到减磨的效果。(The invention discloses a copper-containing graphite composite coating, an insulator sliding rail and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of copper coatings. The copper-containing graphite composite coating is prepared by depositing preparation raw materials by a supersonic low-temperature flame solid particle deposition method; the preparation raw materials comprise copper-based material powder and graphite powder. By carrying out deposition in the above way, the preparation temperature is low, the period is short, the cost is low, the efficiency is high, and graphite can be uniformly dispersed in the copper-based composite coating on the premise of not changing the structure performance. Compared with other coating preparation technologies, the obtained copper-based coating has low oxygen content, high bonding strength and high conductivity. The graphite component in the preparation raw material can be completely retained in the coating, and the preparation process can not be oxidized and volatilized. The self-lubricating advantages of the related conductive coatings are obvious, graphite particles can fall off in the process of high-speed friction of the insulator sliding rail with the composite coating, a graphite lubricating film with high lubricity is formed between friction pairs, and the effect of reducing friction is achieved.)

1. The copper-containing graphite composite coating is characterized in that the copper-containing graphite composite coating is prepared by depositing preparation raw materials through a supersonic speed low-temperature flame solid particle deposition method; the preparation raw materials comprise copper-based material powder and graphite powder.

2. The copper-containing graphite composite coating according to claim 1, wherein the content of the graphite powder in the preparation raw material is 5-15 wt%;

preferably, the particle size of the copper-based material powder is 10-80 μm, and the particle size of the graphite powder is 10-80 μm;

preferably, the copper-based material powder includes at least one of chromium zirconium copper powder and cobalt chromium copper powder;

preferably, the copper-based material powder is in a core-shell coating structure with chromium zirconium or cobalt chromium as a core and copper as a shell.

3. The copper-containing graphite composite coating of claim 1, wherein the copper-containing graphite composite coating has a thickness of 0.2 to 1 mm.

4. A method of preparing a copper-containing graphite composite coating according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of: carrying out complete solid-state high-speed collision deposition on the preparation raw materials by adopting a supersonic speed low-temperature flame solid-state particle deposition method;

preferably, the temperature of the preparation raw material does not exceed 500 ℃ at the time of deposition.

5. The method for preparing the catalyst according to claim 4, wherein the process conditions of the supersonic low-temperature flame solid particle deposition mainly comprise: the heating gas comprises propane, the powder feeding gas comprises at least one of argon and nitrogen, the pressure of the heating gas is 0.3-1MPa, the pressure of the powder feeding gas is 0.3-1.5MPa, the powder feeding rate is 350-450g/min, and the distance between the nozzle and the substrate is 60-150 mm.

6. An insulator slide comprising an insulator slide body and the copper-containing graphite composite coating of any one of claims 1-3 deposited on the insulator slide body.

7. The insulator track of claim 6 wherein the insulator track body is a copper material.

8. The insulator slide rail of claim 6 wherein there is no nickel layer between the copper-containing graphite composite coating and the insulator slide rail body.

9. The method of making an insulator track of claim 6, comprising the steps of: and depositing the copper-containing graphite composite coating on the surface of the insulator sliding rail body.

10. The method of claim 9, further comprising, prior to depositing, grinding the insulator slide rail body;

preferably, the sanding is performed by means of a sand blasting treatment;

preferably, the sand blasting process has sand of 200-600 μm;

preferably, the sand blasting time is 5-10 min;

preferably, the roughness of the insulator sliding rail body is polished to Ra 3-Ra 20.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of copper coatings, in particular to a copper-containing graphite composite coating, an insulator sliding rail and a preparation method thereof.

Background

In recent years, high-speed rail and electric power locomotives have rapidly developed, and the requirements for the conductivity and the wear resistance of the insulator sliding rail on the roof are increasingly increased. Although the current insulator sliding rail can maintain stable operation on high-speed rails, the surface wear is fast due to the speed of up to 300km/h and long-time operation, and the cost and the performance of the insulator sliding rail are also improved.

In view of this, the invention is particularly proposed.

Disclosure of Invention

One of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a copper-containing graphite composite coating, which can have an anti-wear effect on an insulator sliding rail under high-speed friction, and improve the stability and the service life of the insulator sliding rail.

The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the copper-containing graphite composite coating.

The invention also aims to provide an insulator sliding rail containing the copper-containing graphite composite coating.

The fourth objective of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing the above-mentioned insulator rail.

The application can be realized as follows:

in a first aspect, the application provides a copper-containing graphite composite coating, which is obtained by depositing preparation raw materials by a supersonic low-temperature flame solid particle deposition method; the preparation raw materials comprise copper-based material powder and graphite powder.

In an alternative embodiment, the graphite powder is present in the raw material for preparation in an amount of 5 to 15 wt%.

In an alternative embodiment, the particle size of the copper-based material powder is 10-80 μm and the particle size of the graphite powder is 10-80 μm.

In an alternative embodiment, the copper-based material powder includes at least one of a chromium zirconium copper powder and a cobalt chromium copper powder.

In an alternative embodiment, the copper-based material powder has a core-shell cladding structure with chromium zirconium or cobalt chromium as a core and copper as a shell.

In an alternative embodiment, the copper-containing composite coating has a thickness of 0.2 to 1 mm.

In a second aspect, the present application provides a method of making a copper-containing graphite composite coating, as in any one of the preceding embodiments, comprising the steps of: the preparation raw materials are subjected to complete solid-state high-speed collision deposition by adopting a supersonic speed low-temperature flame solid-state particle deposition method.

In an alternative embodiment, the temperature at which the feedstock is prepared does not exceed 500 ℃ during deposition.

In an alternative embodiment, the process conditions for supersonic low temperature flame solid particle deposition essentially comprise: the heating gas comprises propane, the powder feeding gas comprises at least one of argon and nitrogen, the pressure of the heating gas is 0.3-1MPa, the pressure of the powder feeding gas is 0.3-1.5MPa, the powder feeding rate is 350-450g/min, and the distance between the nozzle and the substrate is 60-150 mm.

In a third aspect, the present application provides an insulator slide rail comprising an insulator slide rail body and the copper-containing graphite composite coating of any of the foregoing embodiments deposited on the insulator slide rail body.

In an alternative embodiment, the insulator slide rail body is made of copper.

In an alternative embodiment, there is no nickel layer between the copper-containing graphite composite coating and the insulator slide rail body.

In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a method for preparing an insulator sliding rail according to the foregoing embodiment, comprising the steps of: and depositing a copper-containing graphite composite coating on the surface of the insulator sliding rail body.

In an alternative embodiment, before the depositing, polishing the insulator slide rail body is further included.

In an alternative embodiment, the grinding is performed by means of a grit blasting.

In an alternative embodiment, the grit for the grit blasting process is 200-.

In an alternative embodiment, the blasting time is 5-10 min.

In an alternative embodiment, the insulator slide rail body is polished to a roughness of Ra 3-Ra 20.

The beneficial effect of this application includes:

the method has the advantages that the deposition is carried out in a low-temperature flame solid particle deposition mode, the preparation temperature is low, the period is short, the cost is low, the efficiency is high, the temperature is low in the preparation process, the material is in a softened and unmelted state, and graphite can be uniformly dispersed in the copper-based composite coating on the premise of not changing the structure performance. Compared with other coating preparation technologies, the obtained coating has low copper oxygen content, and the graphite component can be completely retained in the coating and cannot be oxidized and volatilized. The preparation raw materials comprise copper-based material powder and graphite composite powder, so that the bonding strength of the coating and the substrate can be increased while the quality of the coating is ensured, and the coating has higher conductivity. In the process of high-speed friction of the insulator sliding rail with the composite coating, graphite particles fall off to form a layer of graphite lubricating film with high lubricity between friction pairs, so that the anti-friction effect is achieved.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a supersonic low temperature flame solid particle deposition method provided herein;

FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating the preparation of an insulator slide rail according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 3 is a physical diagram of the insulator sliding rail prepared in embodiment 1 of the present application;

fig. 4 is a diagram of a light mirror at block in fig. 3.

Icon: 1-copper cladding chromium zirconium adding graphite composite coating; 2-copper insulator sliding rail base body.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.

The copper-containing graphite composite coating, the insulator sliding rail and the preparation method thereof provided by the application are specifically described below.

Based on the problem that the surface of an insulator sliding rail is worn quickly under a high-speed running condition in the prior art, the inventor creatively provides the insulator sliding rail with the copper-containing graphite composite coating deposited on the surface.

Specifically, the insulator sliding rail comprises an insulator sliding rail body and a copper-containing graphite composite coating deposited on the surface of the insulator sliding rail body.

The insulator sliding rail body is made of copper materials, so that the insulator sliding rail has high conductivity and wear resistance.

The copper-containing graphite composite coating is mainly prepared by depositing preparation raw materials by a supersonic speed low-temperature flame solid particle deposition method. According to the method, deposition is carried out in a supersonic speed low-temperature flame solid particle deposition mode (the principle is shown in figure 1), the preparation raw materials are heated to a material softening state by utilizing heating gas, then powder is deposited in an unmelted state by powder feeding gas, graphite can be uniformly dispersed in the composite coating on the premise of not changing the structure performance, the deposition rate is high, and compared with other coating preparation technologies, the obtained coating has a small copper oxidation area. In addition, the preparation method has the advantages of simple operation, short period and low cost.

In the present application, the preparation raw materials include copper-based material powder and graphite powder.

On one hand, the coating quality is ensured, the bonding strength between the coating and a substrate (an insulator sliding rail body) is increased, and the coating has higher conductivity; on the other hand, in the process of high-speed friction, graphite particles in the copper-containing graphite composite coating fall off, a graphite lubricating film with high lubricating property can be formed between the friction pairs, the effect of reducing the friction is achieved, the graphite lubricating film can further reduce energy consumption caused by friction, and the insulator sliding rail can stably run under severe conditions such as high-pressure and high-speed friction. In addition, the mixed powder is used as a preparation raw material, so that a better coating effect can be obtained under the condition that an intermediate layer such as nickel is not required to be arranged on the surface of the substrate.

In alternative embodiments, the graphite powder may be present in the preparation feedstock in an amount of 5 to 15 wt%, such as 5 wt%, 8 wt%, 10 wt%, 12 wt%, or 15 wt%, and the like, and may also be present at any other value within the range of 5 to 15 wt%.

It is noted that the reason why the content of the graphite powder in the raw material for preparation is set to 5 to 15 wt% in the present application is that: if the content is less than 5 wt%, the lubricating property of the coating is easily low, the coating is seriously abraded under long-term operation, and the service life is short; if the content is more than 15 wt%, the bonding strength of the coating is easily reduced, and the effective bonding of the coating and the matrix and the copper alloy and graphite in the coating cannot be realized.

In an alternative embodiment, the particle size of the copper-based material powder is 10-80 μm, and the particle size of the graphite powder is also 10-80 μm. Preferably, the particle size of the copper-based material powder is identical to that of the graphite powder.

The reason why the particle diameter of the copper-based material powder and the graphite powder is controlled to be in the range of 10 to 80 μm in the present application is that: the excessive graphite powder easily causes uneven heating of particles in the spraying process, and influences the combination inside the coating and the wear resistance of the coating.

The powder with the particle size can be obtained by sieving powder with sieves with different mesh numbers (sieving time can be 10-20min), and the mixing of the particle size of the copper-based material powder and the graphite powder can be carried out by a stirrer.

The copper-based material powder can be chromium-zirconium-copper powder, cobalt-chromium-copper powder and the like, and the materials are favorable for ensuring high conductivity and wear resistance of the coating. In an alternative embodiment, the copper-based material powder has a core-shell cladding structure with chromium zirconium or cobalt chromium as a core and copper as a shell.

In the copper-coated chromium zirconium powder, the copper content may be, for example, 99.22 wt%. In the copper-coated chromium-zirconium powder, the content of copper is too low, so that the conductivity of the coating is easily reduced, the energy consumption of the product during working is increased, and the content is too high, so that the bonding strength, the wear resistance and the hardness of the coating are easily reduced. Further, the content of chromium was 0.43 wt%, and the balance was zirconium.

In the application, no nickel layer is arranged between the copper-containing composite coating and the insulator sliding rail body, so that the complexity of the process and the coating cost are reduced.

In alternative embodiments, the copper-containing composite coating may have a thickness of 0.2 to 1mm, such as 0.2mm, 0.5mm, 0.8mm, or 1 mm.

That is, through the scheme that this application provided, only need to set up copper-containing graphite composite coating at 0.2-1mm can effectively improve the wear resistance and the life of insulator slide rail when guaranteeing the electrical conductivity ability of preferred.

Correspondingly, the preparation method of the copper-containing graphite composite coating comprises the following steps: and depositing the preparation raw materials by adopting a supersonic speed low-temperature flame solid particle deposition method.

In an alternative embodiment, the process conditions for supersonic low temperature flame solid particle deposition essentially comprise: the heating gas comprises propane, the powder feeding gas comprises at least one of argon and nitrogen, the pressure of the heating gas is 0.3-1MPa, the pressure of the powder feeding gas is 0.3-1.5MPa, the powder feeding rate is 350-450g/min, and the distance between the nozzle and the substrate is 60-150 mm.

The pressure of the heating gas may be, for example, 0.3MPa, 0.4MPa, 0.5MPa, 0.6MPa, 0.7MPa, 0.8MPa, 0.9MPa or 1MPa, or may be any other value within the range of 0.3 to 1 MPa.

The pressure of the heated gas mainly influences the softening temperature of the powder and the combination of the powder, and if the pressure is less than 0.3MPa, the temperature of the powder is too low, so that a coating cannot be formed; higher than 1MPa, the powder is easy to melt due to high temperature, and the coating quality is affected.

The pressure of the powder feeding gas may be 0.3MPa, 0.4MPa, 0.5MPa, 0.6MPa, 0.7MPa, 0.8MPa, 0.9MPa, 1MPa, 1.1MPa, 1.2MPa, 1.3MPa, 1.4MPa or 1.5MPa, or may be any other value within the range of 0.3 to 1.5 MPa.

The pressure of the powder feeding gas mainly influences the powder discharging speed, and if the pressure is less than 0.3MPa, the powder discharging speed is low; above 1MPa, the powder is likely to fail to heat sufficiently in the gun chamber.

The powder feeding rate can be 350g/min, 380g/min, 400g/min, 420g/min or 450g/min, etc., and can also be any other value within the range of 350-450 g/min. Preferably 400 g/min.

The powder feeding speed mainly influences the preparation period of the coating, and if the speed is less than 350g/min, the preparation period of the coating is easily prolonged; above 450g/min, the powder is easily heated unevenly.

The distance between the nozzle and the substrate may be 60mm, 80mm, 100mm, 120mm, 150mm, etc., or may be any other value within the range of 600 mm and 150 mm.

The distance mainly influences the deposition of powder and the nozzle of the spray gun in the coating preparation process, and if the distance is shorter than 60mm, the damage of the nozzle of the spray gun in the coating preparation process is easily caused by the fact that the substrate is too close to the nozzle; longer than 150mm tends to result in low temperature of the powder exiting the gun and reduced coating quality.

Preferably, the material temperature during deposition does not exceed 500 ℃ (e.g. 500 ℃, 450 ℃, 400 ℃ or 350 ℃, etc.), on the one hand, the copper-based material is not melted, and on the other hand, the graphite is prevented from being gasified by oxidation reaction.

On the one hand, the bonding strength of the coating and the matrix is more than 50Mpa, and the deposition efficiency is more than 60 percent by deposition according to the deposition process conditions; on the other hand, the obtained coating has low porosity and good wear resistance and self-lubricating property.

Further, the application also provides a preparation method of the insulator sliding rail, which comprises the following steps: the process flow chart of the copper-containing graphite composite coating deposited on the surface of the insulator sliding rail body is shown in fig. 2.

Preferably, before the deposition, the method further comprises the step of polishing the insulator sliding rail body to enable the roughness of the insulator sliding rail body to be Ra 3-Ra 20, so that the surface roughness of the substrate is uniform, and the bonding strength between the coating and the substrate is further improved. The sanding may be performed by grit blasting. In alternative embodiments, the grit used in the grit blasting process may be 200-. The sand blasting time can be 5-10 min.

The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.

Example 1

The embodiment provides a copper insulator sliding rail base body which is manufactured by the following steps:

(1) and (3) polishing the copper insulator sliding rail substrate for 10min by adopting a quartz sand blasting machine with the particle size of 200-600 mu m to ensure that the surface roughness of the copper insulator sliding rail substrate reaches Ra 3-Ra 20.

(2) Sieving the copper-coated chromium zirconium powder and the graphite powder for 15min by using 200-mesh and 300-mesh sieves to ensure that the particle size of the powder is between 60 and 80 mu m, screening out the particle size of the powder meeting the requirement, and mixing the two kinds of powder by using a stirrer to obtain a preparation raw material, wherein the graphite powder accounts for 5 percent of the mass of the whole preparation raw material;

wherein the content of copper in the chromium-zirconium-copper powder is 99.22 wt%, the content of chromium is 0.43 wt%, and the balance is zirconium.

(3) And depositing the preparation raw materials on the surface of the copper insulator sliding rail substrate by adopting low-temperature flame particle deposition equipment. In the low-temperature flame particle deposition process, propane is used as heating gas, argon is used as powder feeding gas, the pressure of the heating gas is 0.5MPa, the pressure of the powder feeding gas is 1MPa, the powder feeding rate is 400g/min, and the spraying distance is 80mm, so that an insulator slide rail (an object diagram is shown in fig. 3) with a copper-coated chromium-zirconium-added graphite composite coating of 0.3mm is obtained, fig. 4 is a light mirror diagram corresponding to a square frame in fig. 3, 1 is the copper-coated chromium-zirconium-added graphite composite coating, and 2 is a copper insulator slide rail substrate.

The performance of the coating is tested, the bonding strength is determined according to GB/T8642-2002, the friction coefficient is determined according to GB12444.1-1990, and the conductivity is determined according to GB/T11007-1989, and an eddy current conductivity meter is adopted to measure the conductivity.

The test of this example shows that: the bonding strength of the coating is 53MPa, the friction coefficient of the coating is 0.23, and the wear rate of the coating is low.

In addition, the coating had a low porosity and an electrical conductivity of 83.4% IACS.

Example 2

The embodiment provides a copper insulator sliding rail base body which is manufactured by the following steps:

(1) and (3) polishing the copper insulator sliding rail substrate for 5min by adopting a quartz sand blasting machine with the particle size of 200-600 mu m to ensure that the surface roughness of the copper insulator sliding rail substrate reaches Ra 3-Ra 20.

(2) Sieving the copper-coated chromium zirconium powder and the graphite powder for 10min by using a 300-mesh sieve and a 400-mesh sieve to ensure that the particle size of the powder is between 40 and 60 mu m, screening out the particle size of the powder meeting the requirement, and mixing the two kinds of powder by using a stirrer to obtain a preparation raw material, wherein the graphite powder accounts for 5 percent of the mass of the whole preparation raw material;

wherein the content of copper in the chromium-zirconium-copper powder is 99.22 wt%, the content of chromium is 0.43 wt%, and the balance is zirconium.

(3) And depositing the preparation raw materials on the surface of the copper insulator sliding rail substrate by adopting low-temperature flame particle deposition equipment. In the low-temperature flame particle deposition process, propane is used as heating gas, argon is used as powder feeding gas, the pressure of the heating gas is 0.5MPa, the pressure of the powder feeding gas is 1MPa, the powder feeding speed is 400g/min, the spraying distance is 100mm, and the insulator sliding rail with the copper-coated chromium-zirconium added graphite composite coating of 0.3mm is obtained.

The test was carried out by the same test method as in example 1, and the results were as follows:

the bonding strength of the coating is 47MPa, the friction coefficient of the coating is 0.28, and the wear rate of the coating is low. In addition, the coating had a low porosity and an electrical conductivity of 81.2% IACS.

Example 3

The embodiment provides a copper insulator sliding rail base body which is manufactured by the following steps:

(1) and (3) polishing the copper insulator sliding rail substrate for 8min by adopting a quartz sand blasting machine with the particle size of 200-600 mu m to ensure that the surface roughness of the copper insulator sliding rail substrate reaches Ra 3-Ra 20.

(2) Sieving chromium-zirconium-coated copper powder and graphite powder for 20min by using a 300-mesh sieve and a 400-mesh sieve to ensure that the particle size of the powder is between 40 and 60 mu m, screening out the particle size of the powder meeting the requirement, and mixing the two kinds of powder by using a stirrer to obtain a preparation raw material, wherein the graphite powder accounts for 10 percent of the mass of the whole preparation raw material;

wherein the content of copper in the chromium-zirconium-copper powder is 99.22 wt%, the content of chromium is 0.43 wt%, and the balance is zirconium.

(3) And depositing the preparation raw materials on the surface of the copper insulator sliding rail substrate by adopting low-temperature flame particle deposition equipment. In the low-temperature flame particle deposition process, propane is used as heating gas, argon is used as powder feeding gas, the pressure of the heating gas is 0.5MPa, the pressure of the powder feeding gas is 1MPa, the powder feeding speed is 400g/min, the spraying distance is 100mm, and the insulator sliding rail with the copper-coated chromium-zirconium added graphite composite coating of 0.3mm is obtained.

The test was carried out by the same test method as in example 1, and the results were as follows:

the bonding strength of the coating is 48MPa, the friction coefficient of the coating is 0.26, and the wear rate of the coating is low. In addition, the coating had a low porosity and an electrical conductivity of 82.6% IACS.

Example 4

The embodiment provides a copper insulator sliding rail base body which is manufactured by the following steps:

(1) polishing the copper insulator slide rail substrate for 10min by using a quartz sand blasting machine with the particle size of 200-600 mu m to ensure that the surface roughness reaches Ra 3-Ra 20;

(2) sieving the copper-coated chromium zirconium powder and the graphite powder for 15min by using a 300-mesh sieve and a 400-mesh sieve to ensure that the particle size of the powder is between 40 and 60 mu m, screening out the particle size of the powder meeting the requirement, and mixing the two kinds of powder by using a stirrer to obtain a preparation raw material, wherein the graphite powder accounts for 5 percent of the mass of the whole preparation raw material;

wherein the content of copper in the chromium-zirconium-copper powder is 99.22 wt%, the content of chromium is 0.43 wt%, and the balance is zirconium.

(3) And depositing the preparation raw materials on the surface of the copper insulator sliding rail substrate by adopting low-temperature flame particle deposition equipment. In the low-temperature flame particle deposition process, propane is used as gas, argon is used as powder feeding gas, the pressure of heating gas is 0.5MPa, the pressure of powder feeding gas is 1.2MPa, the powder feeding speed is 400g/min, and the spraying distance is 100mm, so that the insulator slide rail with the copper-coated chromium-zirconium added graphite composite coating of 0.3mm is obtained.

The test was carried out by the same test method as in example 1, and the results were as follows:

the bonding strength of the coating is 52MPa, the friction coefficient of the coating is 0.24, and the wear rate of the coating is low. In addition, the coating had a low porosity and an electrical conductivity of 83.1% IACS.

Example 5

This comparative example is essentially the same as example 1 except that: the low-temperature flame particle deposition equipment adopts nitrogen as powder feeding gas, and graphite powder accounts for 10% of the mass fraction of the whole preparation raw material.

The test was carried out by the same test method as in example 1, and the results were as follows:

the bonding strength of the coating is 42MPa, the friction coefficient of the coating is 0.25, and the wear rate of the coating is low. In addition, the coating had a low porosity and an electrical conductivity of 79.4% IACS.

Example 6

This comparative example is essentially the same as example 2, except that: the low-temperature flame particle deposition equipment adopts nitrogen as powder feeding gas, and graphite powder accounts for 15% of the mass fraction of the whole preparation raw material.

The test was carried out by the same test method as in example 1, and the results were as follows:

the bonding strength of the coating is 37MPa, the friction coefficient of the coating is 0.23, and the wear rate of the coating is low. In addition, the coating had a low porosity and an electrical conductivity of 81.3% IACS.

Example 7

This comparative example is essentially the same as example 3, except that: the heating gas pressure of the low-temperature flame particle deposition equipment is 0.7 MPa.

The test was carried out by the same test method as in example 1, and the results were as follows:

the bonding strength of the coating is 45MPa, the friction coefficient of the coating is 0.24, and the wear rate of the coating is low. In addition, the coating had a low porosity and an electrical conductivity of 82.7% IACS.

Example 8

This comparative example is essentially the same as example 4, except that: the heating gas pressure of the low-temperature flame particle deposition equipment is 0.7 MPa.

The test was carried out by the same test method as in example 1, and the results were as follows:

the bonding strength of the coating is 37MPa, the friction coefficient of the coating is 0.27, and the wear rate of the coating is low. In addition, the coating had a low porosity and an electrical conductivity of 80.7% IACS.

Example 9

This comparative example is essentially the same as example 1 except that: the particle size of the powder is between 10 and 40 mu m, the pressure of heating gas is 0.3MPa, the pressure of powder feeding gas is 0.3MPa, the powder feeding speed is 350g/min, and the spraying distance is 100 mm.

The test was carried out by the same test method as in example 1, and the results were as follows:

the bonding strength of the coating is 51MPa, the friction coefficient of the coating is 0.29, and the wear rate of the coating is low. In addition, the coating had a low porosity and an electrical conductivity of 80.1% IACS.

Example 10

This comparative example is essentially the same as example 1 except that: the particle size of the powder is between 10 and 40 mu m, the pressure of heating gas is 1MPa, the pressure of powder feeding gas is 1.5MPa, the powder feeding speed is 450g/min, and the spraying distance is 100 mm.

The test was carried out by the same test method as in example 1, and the results were as follows:

the bonding strength of the coating is 35MPa, the friction coefficient of the coating is 0.29, and the wear rate of the coating is low. In addition, the coating had a low porosity and an electrical conductivity of 78.7% IACS.

Comparative example

Taking examples 1-10 as examples, comparative examples 1-10 were set up:

comparative example 1 is essentially the same as example 1 except that: preparing raw materials without graphite powder, wherein the part of graphite powder is supplemented by equal amount of copper-coated chromium-zirconium powder;

comparative example 2 is essentially the same as example 1 except that: the content of the graphite powder in the preparation raw material was 50 wt%.

Comparative example 3 is essentially the same as example 2, except that: the particle size of the chromium zirconium copper powder and the particle size of the graphite powder were 150 μm.

Comparative example 4 is essentially the same as example 3, except that: the content of copper in the chromium zirconium copper powder was 98.2 wt%.

Comparative example 5 is essentially the same as example 4, except that: the pressure of the heated gas is 0.2 MPa.

Comparative example 6 is essentially the same as example 5, except that: the pressure of the powder feeding gas is 0.2 MPa.

Comparative example 7 is essentially the same as example 6, except that: the powder feeding rate was 200 g/min.

Comparative example 8 is essentially the same as example 8 except that: the distance of the nozzle from the substrate was 300 mm.

Comparative example 9 is essentially the same as example 9 except that: the deposition is carried out by adopting a plasma spraying mode, and the deposition process comprises the following steps: the power of the plasma spraying equipment is 20-40KW, the spraying distance is 60-100mm, the current is 350-₂And H₂。

Comparative example 10 is essentially the same as example 10 except that: a nickel layer with the thickness of 0.028mm is arranged between the copper-containing composite coating and the insulator sliding rail body.

The products obtained in comparative examples 1 to 10 above were subjected to the performance test according to the test method of example 1, and the results were as follows:

by comparison, it can be found that: the coating prepared by the method provided by the application has low porosity, and can have good bonding strength with a substrate, and the corresponding insulator sliding rail has low friction coefficient, high conductivity and wear resistance.

In summary, the deposition is carried out in the mode of supersonic low-temperature flame solid particle deposition, so that the preparation temperature is low, the period is short, the cost is low, the efficiency is high, and the graphite can be uniformly dispersed in the composite coating on the premise of not changing the structure performance. The resulting coating has less copper oxidation area compared to other coating preparation techniques. The preparation raw materials comprise copper-based material powder and graphite powder, so that the bonding strength of the coating and the substrate can be increased while the quality of the coating is ensured, and the coating has higher conductivity. In the process of high-speed friction of the insulator sliding rail with the composite coating, graphite particles fall off to form a layer of graphite lubricating film with high lubricity between friction pairs, so that the anti-friction effect is achieved.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.