阅读说明：本技术 一种基于智能驱动装置的变形机翼 (Deformable wing based on intelligent driving device ) 是由 聂旭涛 蔡清青 高鑫宇 陈万华 张伟 于 2020-12-08 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种基于智能驱动装置的变形机翼。该变形机翼的骨架包括从前至后顺序排列的机翼前缘、中隔板、后隔板和尾翼；机翼前缘与中隔板之间的前形状记忆合金驱动装置构成机翼的下表面Ⅰ,机翼前缘与中隔板的上方覆盖的蒙皮Ⅰ构成机翼的上表面Ⅰ；中隔板和后隔板之间的后形状记忆合金驱动装置构成机翼的下表面Ⅱ,中隔板和后隔板的上方覆盖的蒙皮Ⅱ构成机翼的上表面Ⅱ；机翼的上表面和下表面均光滑过渡；变形机翼上表面和变形机翼下表面在尾翼的后缘相交；尾翼的上表面和下表面分别安装上、下压电智能驱动装置。该变形机翼具有结构紧凑、驱动元件少、驱动能力大、变形翼面连续的优点,可以推广应用于机翼弯度变形的结构设计中。(The invention discloses a deformable wing based on an intelligent driving device. The framework of the morphing wing comprises a wing front edge, a middle clapboard, a rear clapboard and an empennage which are sequentially arranged from front to back; the front shape memory alloy driving device between the wing leading edge and the middle partition plate forms a lower surface I of the wing, and the wing leading edge and a skin I covering the upper part of the middle partition plate form an upper surface I of the wing; the rear shape memory alloy driving device between the middle clapboard and the rear clapboard forms a lower surface II of the wing, and the skin II covering the middle clapboard and the rear clapboard forms an upper surface II of the wing; the upper surface and the lower surface of the wing are in smooth transition; the upper surface of the morphing wing and the lower surface of the morphing wing are intersected at the trailing edge of the empennage; the upper surface and the lower surface of the empennage are respectively provided with an upper piezoelectric intelligent driving device and a lower piezoelectric intelligent driving device. The deformable wing has the advantages of compact structure, few driving elements, large driving capability and continuous deformable wing surface, and can be popularized and applied to structural design of wing camber deformation.)

1. The morphing wing based on the intelligent driving device is characterized in that a skeleton of the morphing wing comprises a wing leading edge (1), a middle clapboard (3), a rear clapboard (4) and an empennage (5) which are sequentially arranged from front to back; a front shape memory alloy driving device (6) is fixedly installed between the wing front edge (1) and the middle partition plate (3), the lower surface of the front shape memory alloy driving device (6) forms a lower surface I of the wing, a skin I (2) covers the wing front edge (1) and the middle partition plate (3), and the skin I (2) forms an upper surface I of the wing; a rear shape memory alloy driving device (7) is fixedly installed between the middle partition plate (3) and the rear partition plate (4), the lower surface of the rear shape memory alloy driving device (7) forms a lower surface II of the wing, a skin II (13) covers the middle partition plate (3) and the rear partition plate (4), and the skin II (13) forms an upper surface II of the wing; the upper surface of the wing leading edge (1), the upper surface I, the upper surface II and the upper surface of the tail wing (5) are in smooth transition to form the upper surface of the morphing wing; the lower surfaces of the wing leading edge (1), the lower surface I and the lower surface II and the lower surface of the tail wing (5) are in smooth transition to form the lower surface of the morphing wing; the upper surface of the morphing wing and the lower surface of the morphing wing are intersected at the trailing edge of the empennage (5);

an upper piezoelectric intelligent driving device (8) is installed on the upper surface of the empennage (5), and a lower piezoelectric intelligent driving device (9) is installed on the lower surface of the empennage (5).

2. The morphing wing based on intelligent drive according to claim 1, wherein the front shape memory alloy drive (6) and the rear shape memory alloy drive (7) are identical in structure and each comprises a shape memory alloy plate (10), a heating layer (11) and a bias layer (12) arranged in sequence from top to bottom.

3. The morphing wing based on intelligent drive unit of claim 2, wherein the shape memory alloy plate (10) is made of one-way shape memory alloy; the heating layer (11) is made of an electric heating material; the bias layer (12) is made of elastic metal.

4. The morphing wing based on intelligent driving device according to claim 1, wherein the front shape memory alloy driving device (6) is installed in a way that the front and rear ends of the front shape memory alloy driving device (6) are respectively fixed on the wing leading edge (1) and the middle clapboard (3) through screws.

5. The morphing wing based on intelligent drive according to claim 1, wherein the rear shape memory alloy drive (7) is installed in a way that the front and rear ends of the rear shape memory alloy drive (7) are fixed on the middle clapboard (3) and the rear clapboard (4) respectively through screws.

6. The morphing wing based on intelligent driving device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the upper piezoelectric intelligent driving device (8) and the lower piezoelectric intelligent driving device (9) are mounted by pasting.

7. The morphing wing based on intelligent driving device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the upper piezoelectric intelligent driving device (8) and the lower piezoelectric intelligent driving device (9) apply opposite sinusoidal voltage respectively.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of wind tunnel tests, and particularly relates to a morphing wing based on an intelligent driving device.

Background

The camber change in the flying process of the wing brings the change of lift force and resistance, and the change of the camber of the wing according to different flying stages is beneficial to improving the flying efficiency of the wing and achieving the purposes of increasing lift and reducing drag.

At present, a plurality of devices are used for wing bending deformation, but the devices have advantages and disadvantages, and the devices are difficult to achieve the best and the best in the aspects of deformation range, mechanism weight, mechanism efficiency and the like. The existing wing camber deformation device is mainly driven by a motor to drive a connecting rod, a sliding block and other devices to perform translational and rotational motion, the performance of a driving element is often limited due to narrow space in a wing, a mechanism can only be arranged flatly according to the shape of the wing, the transmission performance is generally poor, in addition, the positions of all components are usually changed in the motion process of the mechanism, the change of the integral gravity center of the wing is large, and the structural characteristics of the wing are influenced.

Currently, there is a need to develop a morphing wing based on intelligent drive.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a morphing wing based on an intelligent driving device.

The invention relates to a morphing wing based on an intelligent driving device, which is characterized in that a skeleton of the morphing wing comprises a wing front edge, a middle clapboard, a rear clapboard and an empennage which are sequentially arranged from front to back; a front shape memory alloy driving device is fixedly installed between the front edge of the wing and the middle partition plate, the lower surface of the front shape memory alloy driving device forms a lower surface I of the wing, a skin I covers the front edge of the wing and the upper part of the middle partition plate, and the skin I forms an upper surface I of the wing; a rear shape memory alloy driving device is fixedly installed between the middle partition plate and the rear partition plate, the lower surface of the rear shape memory alloy driving device forms a lower surface II of the wing, a skin II covers the middle partition plate and the rear partition plate, and the skin II forms an upper surface II of the wing; the upper surface of the wing leading edge, the upper surface I, the upper surface II and the upper surface of the empennage are in smooth transition to form the upper surface of the morphing wing; the lower surface of the front edge of the wing, the lower surface I and the lower surface II of the tail wing are in smooth transition with the lower surface of the tail wing to form the lower surface of the morphing wing; the upper surface of the morphing wing and the lower surface of the morphing wing are intersected at the trailing edge of the empennage;

the upper surface of the empennage is provided with an upper piezoelectric intelligent driving device, and the lower surface of the empennage is provided with a lower piezoelectric intelligent driving device.

Furthermore, the front shape memory alloy driving device and the rear shape memory alloy driving device have the same structure and respectively comprise a shape memory alloy plate, a heating layer and a bias layer which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom.

Furthermore, the shape memory alloy plate is made of a one-way shape memory alloy; the heating layer is made of an electric heating material; the bias layer is made of elastic metal.

Furthermore, the front shape memory alloy driving device is installed in a manner that the front end and the rear end of the front shape memory alloy driving device are respectively fixed on the front edge of the wing and the middle partition plate through screws.

Furthermore, the rear shape memory alloy driving device is installed in a manner that the front end and the rear end of the rear shape memory alloy driving device are respectively fixed on the middle partition plate and the rear partition plate through screws.

Furthermore, the upper piezoelectric intelligent driving device and the lower piezoelectric intelligent driving device are mounted in a sticking mode.

Furthermore, the upper piezoelectric intelligent driving device and the lower piezoelectric intelligent driving device respectively apply opposite sinusoidal voltages.

The shape memory alloy driving device in the deformed wing based on the intelligent driving device has the characteristics of large recoverable deformation, high hysteresis damping, large limited restoring force, low working voltage, wide temperature range, good fatigue resistance, strong corrosion resistance and the like, and after the shape memory alloy driving device is electrified, the shape memory alloy generates bending deformation to drive the skin to deform, so that the camber of the deformed wing is changed. The specific principle is that the heating layer is electrified, the shape memory alloy plate is heated and bent, the shape memory alloy plate is forced to be passively bent by the deformation restoring moment of the shape memory alloy plate, the deformed shape memory alloy plate is forced to be restored to the shape of the low-temperature martensite state by the elastic potential energy stored in the bias layer after cooling in the low-temperature state, and the shape memory alloy plate and the bias layer need to meet the deformation coordination relationship geometrically in the deformation process. The method comprises the specific process that when the deformable wing needs to be subjected to camber deformation, the shape memory alloy driving device is electrified and heated, the shape memory alloy driving device bends to drive the skin to deform, and then the camber of the deformable wing changes. Three different wing curvatures can be achieved by energizing the front shape memory alloy drive device and the rear shape memory alloy drive device separately or simultaneously.

The intelligent piezoelectric driving device in the morphing wing based on the intelligent driving device has the characteristics of high-frequency response, high precision, high resolution, stable performance and the like. The specific principle is that the piezoelectric intelligent driving device is periodically bent when periodic voltage is applied to the piezoelectric intelligent driving device, so that the empennage is driven to generate high-frequency vibration, and the flow field characteristic of the trailing edge of the morphing wing is improved. The method comprises the specific process that when the tail wing of the deformed wing needs to be rectified, opposite sinusoidal voltages are respectively applied to the upper piezoelectric intelligent driving device and the lower piezoelectric intelligent driving device, the upper piezoelectric intelligent driving device and the lower piezoelectric intelligent driving device respectively generate periodic deformation, the tail wing is driven to vibrate at high frequency, and the flow field characteristic of the tail wing trailing edge is improved.

According to the invention, aiming at the practical requirement of wing structural deformation, the intelligent driving device is manufactured by utilizing the characteristics of the shape memory alloy and the piezoelectric material, so that wing deformation is realized. The shape memory alloy driving device has simple and compact structure and continuous wing surface deformation; the shape memory alloy driving device realizes the bending deformation of the wing by adopting the shape memory alloy principle, and the multi-bending deformation of the wing can be realized by arranging a plurality of shape memory alloy driving devices. The piezoelectric intelligent driving device has small driving element, large driving force and controllable deformation; the piezoelectric intelligent driving device realizes the deformation of the wing empennage by adopting a piezoelectric deformation principle, realizes the high-frequency vibration of the empennage by the periodic voltage input control of the upper and lower sets of piezoelectric intelligent driving devices, and improves the flow field characteristic of the trailing edge of the wing.

In summary, the deformable wing based on the intelligent driving device is a hybrid intelligent driving device based on the shape memory alloy and the piezoelectric material, realizes wing structural deformation by using an active control principle, controls the flow state of a flow field around the wing, solves the problems of complex wing deformation structure, large driving mechanism volume, discontinuous deformation position wing surface and the like, has the advantages of compact structure, few driving elements, large driving capability and continuous deformation wing surface, can realize the change of multiple camber of the wing, and can be popularized and applied to the structural design of wing camber deformation.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a morphing wing based on an intelligent driving device according to the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a shape memory alloy driving device in a morphing wing based on an intelligent driving device.

In the figure, 1, a wing front edge 2, a skin I3, a middle clapboard 4, a rear clapboard 5, a tail wing 6, a front shape memory alloy driving device 7, a rear shape memory alloy driving device 8, an upper piezoelectric intelligent driving device 9, a lower piezoelectric intelligent driving device 10, a shape memory alloy plate 11, a heating layer 12, a bias layer 13 and a skin II.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

As shown in fig. 1, the skeleton of the morphing wing based on the intelligent driving device of the invention comprises a wing leading edge 1, a middle clapboard 3, a rear clapboard 4 and a tail wing 5 which are arranged in sequence from front to back; a front shape memory alloy driving device 6 is fixedly installed between the wing front edge 1 and the middle partition plate 3, the lower surface of the front shape memory alloy driving device 6 forms a lower surface I of the wing, a skin I2 covers the wing front edge 1 and the middle partition plate 3, and the skin I2 forms an upper surface I of the wing; a rear shape memory alloy driving device 7 is fixedly installed between the middle partition plate 3 and the rear partition plate 4, the lower surface of the rear shape memory alloy driving device 7 forms a lower surface II of the wing, a skin II 13 covers the middle partition plate 3 and the rear partition plate 4, and the skin II 13 forms an upper surface II of the wing; the upper surface of the wing leading edge 1, the upper surface I, the upper surface II and the upper surface of the tail wing 5 are in smooth transition to form the upper surface of the morphing wing; the lower surface of the wing leading edge 1, the lower surface I, the lower surface II and the lower surface of the tail wing 5 are in smooth transition to form the lower surface of the morphing wing; the upper surface of the morphing wing and the lower surface of the morphing wing are intersected at the rear edge of the empennage 5;

an upper piezoelectric intelligent driving device 8 is installed on the upper surface of the tail wing 5, and a lower piezoelectric intelligent driving device 9 is installed on the lower surface of the tail wing 5.

Further, as shown in fig. 2, the front shape memory alloy driving device 6 and the rear shape memory alloy driving device 7 have the same structure, and each includes a shape memory alloy plate 10, a heating layer 11, and a bias layer 12, which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom.

Further, the shape memory alloy plate 10 is made of a one-way shape memory alloy; the heating layer 11 is made of an electric heating material; the bias layer 12 is made of an elastic metal.

Furthermore, the front shape memory alloy driving device 6 is installed in a manner that the front end and the rear end of the front shape memory alloy driving device 6 are respectively fixed on the wing leading edge 1 and the middle partition plate 3 through screws.

Further, the rear shape memory alloy driving device 7 is installed in a manner that the front end and the rear end of the rear shape memory alloy driving device 7 are respectively fixed on the middle partition plate 3 and the rear partition plate 4 through screws.

Furthermore, the upper piezoelectric intelligent driving device 8 and the lower piezoelectric intelligent driving device 9 are mounted in a sticking manner.

Further, the upper piezoelectric intelligent driving device 8 and the lower piezoelectric intelligent driving device 9 apply opposite sinusoidal voltages respectively.

Example 1

The installation process of the morphing wing based on the intelligent driving device of the embodiment is as follows:

the front memory alloy intelligent driving device 6 and the rear memory alloy driving device 7 are installed below the morphing wing to serve as the lower surface of the wing, the front and the rear of the front memory alloy driving device 6 are respectively connected with the front edge 1 of the wing and the middle partition plate 3 through screws, and the front and the rear of the rear memory alloy driving device 7 are respectively connected with the middle partition plate 3 and the rear partition plate 4 through screws;

the skin I2 is connected with the wing front edge 1 through screws, the skin II 13 is connected with the middle partition plate 3 and the rear partition plate 4 through screws, and the tail wing 5 is connected with the rear partition plate 4 through screws;

the upper piezoelectric intelligent driving device 8 and the lower piezoelectric intelligent driving device 9 are respectively adhered to the upper surface and the lower surface of the tail wing 5.

Although embodiments of the invention have been disclosed above, it is not intended to be limited to the uses set forth in the specification and examples, but rather, to one skilled in the art, all features of the invention disclosed, or all steps of any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any suitable manner, except for mutually exclusive features and/or steps, without departing from the principles of the invention. It is therefore intended that the invention not be limited to the exact details and illustrations described and illustrated herein, but fall within the scope of the appended claims and equivalents thereof.